4.01 x 1012 grammes of beryllium contain 4.45 x 1011 moles of beryllium. The chemical element beryllium has the atomic number 4 and the letter Be assigned to it. Alkaline earth metal is brittle, steel-gray, strong, and light.
The formula: can be used to determine how many moles of a material there are.
Molar mass divided by mass equals a mole.
Beryllium has a molar mass of 9.012 g/mol.
Therefore, we can perform the following calculation to determine how many moles of beryllium there are in 4.01 x 1012 grammes of beryllium:
4.01 x 10-12 grammes are equal to 9.012 grammes per mole.
4.45 x 1011 moles are one mole.
Therefore, 4.01 x 1012 grammes of eryllium contain 4.45 x 1011 moles of eryllium.
Note that both numbers must have the same exponent when writing in scientific notation, and that you must use a calculator to perform the calculation if you don't want to receive the wrong answer.
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element z has half-life of 20 minutes. in an events chain concept map tracing the nuclear decay of a 200 g sample of element z, how many grams of the sample would remain after one half-life?
100 grams of the sample would remain after one half-life.
A first-order reaction is one in which the rate of reaction is linearly dependent on the concentration of only one reactant, ie. in a first-order reaction, the rate is affected by changes in the concentration of only one of the reactants. Radioactive decay is a first order reaction of chemical kinetics.
Equation of first order reaction is : kt = 2.303 log [A₀]/[A]
Given, half life = 20 minutes means that k(20) = 2.303 log [A₀]/[A₀/2]
k(20) = 2.303 x log 2
k(20) = 2.303 x 0.3010
k(20) = 0.693
k = 0.693/20
k = 0.034
Now, we know the value of k. Putting this value in the first order reaction equation:-
kt=2.303 log 200/[A]
0.693/20 x 20 = 2.303 log 200/[A]
0.693 = 2.303 log 200/[A]
0.3010 = log 200/[A]
log 2 = log 200/[A]
Hence, 2 = 200/[A]
[A] = 200/2
[A] = 100g
Other approach would be, in this first order reaction of chemical kinetics, according to question, one half life passes. After one half life, amount of radiactive substance becomes half. So, if initially we had 200g of sample, after one half life, we'd have half of this value = 100g remaining sample.
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what is the enthalpy change for a reaction where activation energy for both foeward and reverse reactions same value
The enthalpy change for a reaction where activation energy for both forward and reverse reactions is the same value is zero.
Enthalpy change (ΔH) is a measure of the heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction. It is the difference in the enthalpy of the reactants and products. The activation energy (Ea) is the energy required to overcome the energy barrier between the reactants and products to allow a chemical reaction to occur.
If the activation energy for both the forward and reverse reactions of a chemical process is the same value, it means that the energy required to go from reactants to products is the same as the energy required to go from products to reactants. Therefore, the enthalpy change of the reaction is zero. The enthalpy change of the reaction is given by the difference in the enthalpy of the reactants and products.
ΔH = H(products) - H(reactants)
Therefore, if the activation energy for the forward and reverse reactions is the same, the enthalpy change for the reaction is zero.
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Exercise #1
Description: If you could see both the Sun and the other stars during the day, this is what the sky would look like looking south at noon on January 1 for an observer in the northern hemisphere. The Sun would appear in the sky next to the more distant stars in the constellation Sagittarius, (labeled constellation C). Also shown are other constellations (named and labeled A, B, D, and E) that will be visible above the horizon at this time when facing south
If an observer in the northern hemisphere was to face south at noon on January 1, they would be presented with a unique sight.
A meridian transitThe Sun would be visible in the sky and a few constellations would be visible alongside it. Constellation A, B, C and D can be seen in the sky, with constellation C being the Sagittarius constellation, which the Sun is located in. Constellation E is also visible above the horizon.The sight is unique, as the sun is usually not seen when the stars are visible, and is instead only visible during the night. The stars and constellations appear much dimmer than the sun, yet they are still visible during the day.This sight is something only seen during the day, as the other stars usually only appear at night.This image is an example of an astronomical event known as a meridian transit. In a meridian transit, the Sun (labeled constellation C) is seen crossing the observer's meridian, or the line of sky overhead, at a specific time of day.This particular transit occurs at noon on January 1 for an observer in the northern hemisphere, allowing the Sun to be seen alongside the stars in the constellation Sagittarius. Other constellations visible in this image are labeled A, B, D, and E, allowing viewers to identify and appreciate the night sky.A meridian transit is a unique opportunity to witness both the Sun and stars in the same view, making it a special astronomical event.To learn more about A meridian transit referf to:
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9. A compound is 19. 3% Na, 26. 9% S, and 53. 8% 0. Its formula mass is 238 g. What is its molecular formula?
Answer:
Na2S2O8
Explanation:
See the attached worksheet. Make the convenient assumption that we have 238 grams of the compound. Then calculate the actual masses of each element. For example, there is (19.3%)*(238g) = 45.94 grams of Na. Now divide that by the molar mass of sodium (23 g/mole) to obtain the actual moles of Na in the 238 gram sample. Na is 2.0 moles.
Do the same for all the elements. We can see from the attached table that there are whole numbers of moles for each of the elements. That very convenient outcome allows us to saw that there are 2 Na, 2 S, and 4 O for each molecule of the compound. The molecular formula is Na2S2O8.
=====
In the common event that the moles are not all whole numbers, the smallest one should be multiplied by a factor that makes, or keeps it whole, and the same factor is used on the other elements. If all are whole, then stop. The new values represent the molecular formula. For example, if the outcome of this calculation was 1.5, 2, and 2.5, multiply the smallest by 2 to get 3. The others are also multiplied by the same factor, which will yield a result of Na3S4O5.
Values of 1, 2.33 and 4 would be multiplied by 3 (3*2.33 = 7) to yield Na3S7O12, for example.
Q2. Using Tables 1 to 3, what pattern do you observe in terms of the phase, number of carbon atoms, structure and
boiling point of the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes? Explain the patterns you observe.
3 het da
think will be the hailine point of the next alkane, alkene, and alkyne? Will the boiling point of each
The boiling points of alkenes and alkynes are generally lower than those of alkanes.
phase observed:
a.) Methane, Ethane, Propane, and Butane are in a gaseous form in Alkanes (Table 1).
The liquid states of pentene, hexane, heptane, and octane are present.
in alkenes (table 2)
Gaseous forms of ethene, propane, and 1-butane exist.
Both one-pentene and one-hexene are liquids.
c.) Ethyne, propyne, and 2-butane are in the gas phase whereas pentyne is in the liquid phase in the alkynes (table 3).
Number of carbon atoms actually seen:
Alkanes - join one carbon atom to another in a single bond.
Double bonds between carbon atoms are formed in alkenes.
Triple bonds between carbon atoms are formed in alkynes.
Boiling point:The structure of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes is shown by their boiling points. when a material transitions from the liquid to gas phases, its temperature.
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what could account for a relative atomic mass of magnesium that was less than usual on another planet
Account for a relative atomic mass of magnesium that was less than usual on another planet Because the atomic mass stated is a weighted average of such different isotopes.
The amount of neutrons within the nucleus can cause two atoms of the same element to possess the same Atomic Number however a different Relative Atomic Mass. Isotopes were elements having varying mass numbers. The quantity of electrons has no effect on the relative atomic mass.
The weight in grams of both the number of atoms from an element represented in 12.00 g of carbon-12 was described as the element's absolute atomic mass. To determine the relative atomic mass of chlorine, take the average mass of one chlorine atom and multiply it by 100.
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you need to make a 0.45% sodium chloride solution. the pharmacy has 1,000 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride in stock. calculate the final quantity of the 0.45% sodium chloride solution that can be made from the stock solution.
Sodium chloride solution that can be prepared from the stock solution is 2,000 mLA.
A 0.45% sodium chloride solution needs to be prepared. A 1,000 ml supply of sodium chloride 0.9% is available at the drugstore. As directed by your doctor, the final amount of the 0.45% sodium chloride solution that can be prepared from the stock solution is 2,000 mLA. This solution is typically supplied by injection into a vein. It can be given at home, in a doctor's office, or in a hospital. If you intend to use this product at home, ask your health care practitioner for all preparation and usage instructions. Check the product visually for any specks or dis-coloration before using. In the event of either, do not use the liquid. If you intend to combine this solution with another medication, check with your doctor or pharmacist first before acting, do this. Find out how to handle and dispose of medical supplies properly. Your age, weight, health, and how you respond to treatment all go into the dosage.
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Which of the following is true for the amount of copper deposited during electrolysis? Molar mass of Cu =63.5 g/mol F = 96485C/mol
Select the correct response:
1• Cu(1)CI 5.00 A, 10 min Mass of Cu deposited =4.97g
2• Cu(II)C12 2.00 A 30 min Mass of Cu deposited = 1.185 g
3• Cu(1)CI 2.00A 30 min Mass of Cu deposited = 0.5925 g
4• Cu(II)C12 5.00 A, 10 min Mass of Cu deposited =2.485g
Answer:
The correct response is:
1• Cu(1)CI 5.00 A, 10 min Mass of Cu deposited =4.97g
This is true because by using Faraday's laws of electrolysis, the mass of copper deposited is directly proportional to the current and time.
The molar mass of copper is 63.5 g/mol, and the Faraday constant is 96485 C/mol.
Cu(1)CI has a current of 5.00 A and a time of 10 min, so the mass of Cu deposited can be calculated as:
mass of Cu deposited = (5.00A * 10min * 96485C/mol) / (63.5g/mol) = 4.97g
The other options are not true as they don't match the given current and time.
The force of gravity attracts the sun and all the other planets in the solar system towards each other
True or false?
The statement the force of gravity attracts the sun and all the other planets in the solar system toward each other is True.
What is the force of gravity?The force of gravity is a universal force of attraction that exists between any two masses in the universe. It is the force that gives objects weight and keeps them bound to the Earth's surface. The force of gravity is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by the gravitational constant.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that it is True that the gravitational pull between the sun and all the other planets in the solar system causes them to be drawn toward one another.
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What volume of air at room conditions (20c , 760 torr) would be required to combust a full lighter of butane
The amount of air required to combust a full lighter of butane can be calculated using the stoichiometry of the combustion reaction. The complete combustion of butane (C4H10) can be represented by the following equation:
C4H10 + 6O2 -> 4CO2 + 5H2O
From this equation, we can see that for every mole of butane combusted, 6 moles of oxygen are required. To determine the volume of air required, we need to know the concentration of oxygen in air.
Air is composed of approximately 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen, and since the pressure of air is 760 torr, the partial pressure of oxygen is:
0.21 * 760 torr = 160 torr
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6. Perform the following calculations and report each answer to the correct number of significant figures: a. 162.1 g + 38.73 g + 1.554 g
b. 21.9 m + 6.34 m + 157 m
c. 0.004 dm + 0.12508 dm
d. 2.0 L + 2.4L + 2.51L
e. .025 mol + .0267 mol + .00287 mol
f. 9.88 s-7.2 s
g. 44.7 kg - 2.7 kg
h. 20 L - 20.0 L i. 2.89g - 3.00g
j. 8.894 mL - 9.23 mL
Answer:
Explanation:
a) 202.4 g
b) 185.24 m
c) 0.13 dm
d) 6.91 L
e)0.0546 mol
f) 2.7 s
g) 42kg
h) 0
i) -0.11 g
j) -0.34 mL
The peed of light i 3.0 x 10^8 m/. If the ditance from Earth to the Sun i 1.5 x 10^8 km, how many minute doe it take for light from the Sun to reach the Earth?
minute
The time taken for the light from the sun to reach the earth is 8.33 minutes.
Convert the distance from Earth to the Sun from kilometres to meters:
1.5 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] km = 1.5 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] m = 1.5 x [tex]10^{11}[/tex] m
Time = Distance/ Speed = 1.5 x [tex]10^{11}[/tex] m/ (3.0 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/s) = 0.5 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] s
To convert this time to minutes, divide by 60 (the number of seconds in a minute):
Time = 0.5 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] s / 60 s/min = 8.333 min
So, it takes about 8.333 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth.
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a solution transmits 82% of the incoming light at 520 nm. calculate the absorbance of the sample at 520 nm.
The absorbance of sample which transmits 82% of the incoming at 520nm is 0.0862.
Beer-Lambert law states that for a particular material sample, the path length as well as the concentration of the sample are directly proportional to the absorbance of the light.
The absorbance of light can be calculated by the formula,
A = 2-log 10 T%
Where, A is the absorbance and T% is the percentage transmission of light by the given sample.
T% = 82%
⇒ A = 2-log 10 T%
⇒ A = 2-log 10 (82)
⇒ A = 2 - 1.9138
⇒ A = 0.0862
The absorbance of sample which transmits 82% of the incoming at 520nm is 0.0862.
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Ionic and Net Ionic equations for 2 - 4
The net ionic reaction for each of the reaction is
a) [tex]3Pb^{2+} + 6Cl^----- > 3PbCl{2}[/tex]
b) [tex]3Sr^{2+} + 2PO_{4} ^{3-} ---- > Sr_{3}( PO_{4}) _{2}[/tex]
c) [tex]2Ag^+ + 2I^- --- > 2AgI[/tex]
d) [tex]Cu^+ + CO_{3} ^{2-} ----- > Cu_{2} CO_{3}[/tex]
What is the net reaction equation?We have to note that if we talk about the net reaction equation, we can be able to talk about the final ionic reaction after we have removed the spectator ions. Note that when we speak of the spectator ions, we mean the ions that do not take part in the reaction.
In this case, we have been give the precipitate in each of the reactions and we can use the formula of the precipitate to be able to deduce the net ionic reaction that took place.
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what is the term for the study of chemical substances derived from plants and animals? group of answer choices alchemy biochemistry inorganic chemistry organic chemistry none of the above
The study of chemicals originating from plants and animals is referred to as biochemistry.
What is the purpose of biochemistry?Brioche mixes biology and chemistry to study living things. It propels advancements in forensics, medicine, or nutrition, among other fields of science and medicine. Understanding chemical interactions at the molecular level through biochemistry can aid in expanding your understanding of the universe and its applications.
What three areas of biochemistry are there?Structured biology, enzymology, and metabolism are the three subfields of biochemistry, a branch of both biology and chemistry. Biochemistry has proven effective in elucidating life processes that use these three disciplines over the later decades of the 20th century.
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1. Can a ping pong ball have greater momentum than a bowling ball?
2. Rank these cars in order of increasing momentum:
Car A: 1000 Kg moving at 20 m/s
Car B: 1200 Kg moving at 30 m/s Car C: 2000 Kg moving at 3 m/s
3. A volleyball with a momentum of .85 kg m/s has a mass of .12 kg. What is it's speed?
4. What impulse is delivered to a baseball struck with a force of 2350 N when the bat contacts the ball for .0013 s?
5. As you drive your car at 65 mph, you feel a gust of wind push the
car from the front dropping your speed to 63 mph temporarily. Is
the wind internal or external to the system?
6. Two ice skaters stand at rest in the center of an ice rink. When they push off against one another, is the force internal or external to the system?
If the 45 kg skater acquires a speed of .65 m/s what is the speed of the other skater who is 55 kg?
7. A 92 kg astronaut and a 1200 kg satellite are at rest relative to the nearby space ship. The astronaut pushes on the satellite, giving it a speed of .25 m/s away from the ship. 11.4 seconds later the astronaut reaches the ship. What was the initial distance from the ship to the astronaut?
Answer:
Answer: A, C, and D
Momentum can be thought of as mass in motion. An object has momentum if it has its mass in motion. It matters not whether the object is of large mass or small mass, moving with constant speed or accelerating; if the object is MOVING, then it has momentum!
Explanation:
i did it to
water boils at a temperature lower than 100 oc at higher altitudes. how would your experimental determination of the celsius value of absolute zero be affected if you were to do this experiment on top of a mountain by assuming the temperature of boiling water is still 100 oc ?
Water boils at a temperature lower than 100° C at higher altitudes because atmospheric pressure is lower as you increase altitude.
Boiling point is defined as the point at which the vapor pressure of the liquid and the pressure of the environment surrounding it are equal.
At boiling temperature, because there is no difference between the atmospheric pressure around the liquid and the vapor above it, the liquid changes into vapor.
Basically on a mountain top, the atmospheric pressure is somewhat lower than at sea level, because there is a lower "weight" of atmosphere pushing down. Therefore, the temperature at which the vapor pressure reaches the same value as atmospheric pressure is somewhat lower than at sea level.
This is why when we try to make tea on a very high mountain it is not very successful - the water does boil, but the temperature at which it boils is so insufficient to get the flavor and extracts out of the tea!
On a mountaintop, the ambient pressure is reduced from 1 atmosphere, and thus we heat to a temperature reduced from the normal boiling point such that the liquid vapor pressure is equal to the reduced ambient pressure.
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a certain substance has a heat of vaporization of 53.11 kj/mol. at what kelvin temperature will the vapor pressure be 5.00 times higher than it was at 293 k?
To calculate T2:
ln(5) = (53.11*10^3 J/mol)/(8.314 J/mol.K) * (1/293 - 1/T2)
T2 = (53.1110^3 J/mol)/(8.314 J/mol.Kln(5)) + (1/293)^-1
T2 = 674.9 K
Therefore, the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the substance is 5 times higher than it was at 293 K is 674.9 K.
What do you mean by heat of vaporization?
The heat of vaporization is the energy required to convert one mole of a substance from the liquid to the gaseous state. The vapor pressure of a substance is the pressure exerted by its vapor when in equilibrium with its liquid form at a given temperature.
What are the properties of vaporization?Vaporization is the process of transforming a liquid into a gas. It is also known as evaporation. Since we know that the particles of a gas are moving faster than those of a liquid, an input of energy must be required for a liquid to become a gas.
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initially there are 3.4 mol of a and 7.5 mol of b in a 20.0 l container. if there is 0.57 mol of a at equilibrium, what is the value of kp?
Initially there are 3.4 mol of a and 7.5 mol of b in a 20.0 l container. if there is 0.57 mol of a at equilibrium then the value of kp is 0.0036.
Kp will be used to represent the equilibrium constant expression in terms of partial pressure. Equilibrium constant Kp is measured when the partial pressure of products is divided by the partial pressure of the reactants as well as the partial pressure will be raised with some power which is equal to the coefficient of the substance present in the balanced chemical equation.
A + B ⇆ 2C
t = 0 3.4 7.5 0
Equilibrium 3.4 - x 7.5 - x 2x
According to the question,
2x = 0.57
x = 0.57/2 = 0.285
Kc = (2x)²/{(3.4 - x) (7.5 - x)}
Kc = (0.285)²/(3.115 × 7.215)
Kc = 0.081225/22.47425
Kc = 0.0036
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Dear Mr. Chang,
I am worried about your proposal to install a groundwater heating system in my daughter’s school.
I don’t think that water at a temperature of 30°C has enough energy to heat the school. If the school is too cold, the students won’t be able to focus on learning.
Respond to David Li’s letter. Explain how the groundwater system could heat the air in the school. Explain what would happen to the air temperature at Riverdale School if the groundwater system were used. Use the terms stability and change in your explanation
The following is the letter explaining how ground water could heat the air in the school.
Dear David Li,
Thank you for your concerns about the proposed groundwater heating system for Riverdale School. I understand your concern that 30°C water may not have enough energy to heat the school, but I assure you that the groundwater system is designed to effectively heat the air in the school.
The groundwater system works by pumping warm water from underground wells into a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger then transfers the heat from the water to the air, which is then circulated throughout the school via a forced air system. This process increases the temperature of the air in the school, providing warmth to the students and staff.
In terms of the temperature of the school, it is important to note that the proposed groundwater system is designed to maintain a stable temperature in the school. This means that the system will work to keep the air temperature at a comfortable level, regardless of the outside temperature. The stable temperature in the school will provide an optimal learning environment for the students, allowing them to focus on their studies.
I hope this explanation clarifies how the groundwater system can effectively heat the air in the school and provides the necessary stability for the students to focus on their learning. If you have any further questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to reach out.
Sincerely, [Your Name]
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consider a hypothetical reaction in which a and b are reactants and c and d are products. if 25 g of a completely reacts with 21 g of b to produce 11 g of c, how many grams of d will be produced?
The amount of d will be produced in the hypothetical reaction is calculated as 35g
What is a reactant?Raw materials called reactants engage with one another to create products. Under the appropriate conditions, such as temperature, time, or pressure, the chemical bonds of the reactants are broken, and the atoms create new bonds that result in various combinations.
A + B => C + D
25g 21g 11g xg
According to the law of conservation of mass
=> Reactants - Products = 0
25 + 21 -(11 + x) =0
X => 25 + 21 - 11 = 35g
What does a chemical reaction generate?When atoms develop or destroy chemical bonds, chemical processes happen. Reactants are the substances that commence a chemical reaction, while products are the substances that are produced as a result of the reaction. A substance that is present following a chemical reaction is known as a product.
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10g of boron combines with hydrogen to form 11.554g of a pure compound. what is the empirical formula of this compound?
10 g of boron combines with hydrogen to form 11.554 g of a pure compound. The empirical formula of this compound is B₃H₅.
The mass of the boron = 10 g
The mass of the compound = 11.554 g
Mass of hydrogen = 11.55 g - 10.00 g = 1.55 g
The moles of the boron = 10 / 10.811
= 0.92 mols
The moles of the hydrogen = 1.55 / 1
= 1.55
Dividing by the smallest one, we get
Moles of Boron = 0.59
Moles of Hydrogen = 1
Converting to the smallest whole number we get:
Moles of Boron = 3
Moles of Hydrogen = 5
The empirical formula is B₃H₅.
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Octane, a compound of hydrogen and carbon, has a molar mass of 114.26 g per mole. If one mole of the compound contains 18.17 g of hydrogen what is the molecular formula
The compound octane is a hydrocarbon with the molar mass of 114.26 g/mol. It contains 8 carbon atoms and 18 hydrogens. Hence, the molecular formula is C₈H₁₈.
What is octane ?Hydrocarbons are organic compounds containing carbon -hydrogen bonds. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula of CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.
Given the molar mass of octane = 114.26 g/mol
mass of hydrogen = 18.17 g.
atomic mass of H = 1.009 g/mol
then, number of moles of H = 18.17 /1.009 = 18 moles.
Thus, there are 18 hydrogens.
Now, the mass of carbons = 114.26 -18.17 = 96.6 g
atomic mass of carbon = 12 g/mol
no.of moles of carbon = 96.6/12 = 8 moles
Thus, there are 8 carbons.
Therefore, the molecular formula of octane is C₈H₁₈.
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What is the molar concentration of a solution made by dissolving 2. 9g sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2 in water
to a total volume of 25mL?
The molar molar concentration of the solution is 1.4 M. of a solution made by dissolving 2. 9g sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2 in water.
What is the molar concentration of a solution made by dissolving 2. 9g sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2 in water to a total volume of 25mL?
To calculate the molar concentration of the solution, we first need to determine the number of moles of sodium acetate present. This can be done using the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
Where mass is the amount of sodium acetate in grams and molar mass is the molar mass of sodium acetate (82.03 g/mol).
so, moles = 2.9 g / 82.03 g/mol = 0.035 moles
Next, we can use the formula for molarity (M):
M = moles of solute / liters of solution
We know that the total volume of the solution is 25 mL, we will convert it into liter (L)
so, M = 0.035 moles / (25 x 10^-3 L) = 1.4 M
Therefore, the molar concentration of the solution is 1.4 M.
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What happens when one unit is divided by itself?
What will happen is that the unit will cancel out leaving out a factor, hence, option B is the answer.
What is a unit?A unit of measurement is a specific magnitude of a quantity that has been established and recognized by law or convention and is used as a benchmark for measuring other quantities of the same kind. A multiple of the unit of measurement can be used to express any other quantity of that type. A length, for instance, is a physical quantity.
A unit is a quantity with a fixed magnitude that is used to determine other quantities' magnitudes in the same way. Any standard used to compare measurements is known as a unit. Measurements of a property that have been recorded using multiple units can be converted, for example, from centimeters to inches.
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Answer:
The units cancel out so the answer is B
Explanation:
when distilling of a product from a reaction mixture using a water-cooled condenser, the best way to do it is to:
When distilling a product from a reaction mixture, a water-cooled condenser is often the best way to do it.
This method helps ensure that maximum vapor pressure can be achieved, and that the product is effectively separated from any impurities in the reaction mixture.
In order to achieve the best results, the condenser should be equipped with a cooling jacket so that the temperature of the condenser can be adjusted to the desired level.
The condenser should also be placed in a position that allows the product to flow through the condenser with minimal turbulence. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the surface of the condenser is clean, as any dust or dirt on the surface may impact the effectiveness of the condenser.
Lastly, the condenser should be regularly checked and maintained to ensure that it is functioning properly. By following these steps, distilling a product from a reaction mixture using a water-cooled condenser should be a successful and stress-free process.
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the beta decay of cesium-137 has a half-life of 30 years. how many years must pass to reduce a 25 mg sample of cesium 137 to 6.25 mg? responses
60 years must pass to reduce a 25 mg sample of cesium 137 to 6.25 mg.
A first-order reaction is one in which the rate of reaction is linearly dependent on the concentration of only one reactant, ie. in a first-order reaction, the rate is affected by changes in the concentration of only one of the reactants. Radioactive decay is an first order reactio of chemical kinetics.
Equation of first order reaction is : kt = 2.303 log [A₀]/[A]
Given, half life = 30 years means that k(30) = 2.303 log [A₀]/[A₀/2]
k(30) = 2.303 x log 2
k(30) = 2.303 x 0.3010
k(30) = 0.693
k = 0.693/30
k = 0.0231
Now, we know the value of k. Putting this value in the first order reaction :-
kt=2.303 log [A₀]/[A]
0.693/30 x t(in years) = 2.303 log 25/6.25
(log2 x 2.303 x t)/30 = 2.303 log 4
(log2 x 2.303 x t)/30 = 2.303 x 2log2
t/30 = 2
t=60years
Other approach would be, in this first order reaction of chemical kinetics, according to question, one half life passes. After one half life, amount of radiactive substance becomes half. So, if initially we had 25 mg of cesium-137, after one half life, we'd have half of this value = 12.5 g remaining cesium-137. After another half life, we'd have half of this value = 6.25 mg. Hence, we reached the required amount of sample in 2 half lives = 2 x 30 years = 60 years.
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3. The solubility of salt (NaCl) in water at room temperature is 35.9 grams of NaCl per 100
grams of water. What will happen if 50 grams of NaCl are stirred into 100 grams of water?
Based on the solubility of salt (NaCl) in water at room temperature which is 35.9 grams of NaCl per 100 grams of water, if 50 grams of NaCl are stirred into 100 grams of water, there will remain an excess of undissolved sodium chloride in the solution.
What is the solubility of a solute?The greatest concentration of a solute that may dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature is known as the solubility of that solute.
There are three types of solutions based on the amount of dissolved solute:
unsaturated solutions saturated solutions supersaturated solutionsThe solution is deemed saturated when the solute concentration reaches its maximum.
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If a supersaturated solution is introduced to a mechanical disturbance or a seed crystal, what will happen?
Some solute will precipitate If a supersaturated solution is introduced to a mechanical disturbance or a seed crystal.
Any disruption or addition of a seed crystal will cause the solute to precipitate out of solution and crystallize in a supersaturated solution, which is a sensitive system.When the concentrations are on the solubility curve, saturation (crystallization and condensation) takes place. The solution is referred to as supersaturated if the concentrations are higher than the solubility curve. Supersaturation can happen through three different mechanisms: precipitation, nucleation, and metastable. In rare circumstances, it is possible to make a solution that behaves strangely and contains more solute than is found in a saturated solution. This is known as a supersaturated solution. Supersaturated solution or super solution is the term used to describe such a solution.
complete question:If a supersaturated solution is introduced to a mechanical disturbance or a seed crystal, what will happen?
Select the correct answer below:
there will be further dissolution
some solute will precipitate
the solution will heat up
depends on the solution
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Classify each substance based on the intermolecular forces present in that substance. Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, and dispersion Dipole dipole and dispersion only Dispersion only Answer Bank СО co Сн,а HF
CH4 is non polar, co and CH3CL is polar and dipole-dipole and dispersion,NH3 is hence hydrogen-bonding, dipole-dipole, and dispersion.
Being non-polar, CH4 As a result, it will only disperse!
Since co and CH3cl are both polar, they will dipole. Interaction
Mey cannot create hydrogen bonds since neither NO nor GDF have been damaged by hydrogen.
Therefore, co and CH3cl are merely dipole-dipole and dispersion.
Because H is connected to its hydrogen atoms, NH can create hydrogen bonds.
NH3 is hence hydrogen-bonding, dipole-dipole, and dispersion.
Intermolecular forces can be divided into three categories: hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces (LDF). Despite the fact that molecules can have any combination of these three types of intermolecular forces, all substances at least contain LDF.
Classify each substance based on the intermolecular forces present in that substance. Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, and dispersion Dipole dipole and dispersion only Dispersion onlyof 1.CH4, 2. co and ch3cl 3. nh3
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