There are several types of bonds, two of them are the covalent bond and the ionic bond.
Atoms possess a characteristic called electronegativity, electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons and varies depending on the atom.
When two atoms are forming a bond and have very different electronegativities, the bond will become ionic. An example is the salt sodium chloride, here chlorine is much more electronegative than sodium and therefore attracts more the electrons leaving sodium with a positive charge.
On the other hand, covalent bonds occur between atoms with similar electronegativities. Here the electrons are shared equally by both atoms and although there is a slight affinity for the more electronegative atom the difference is not strong enough to strip the electrons from one of the atoms. Examples of this are the carbon-hydrogen bonds in carbohydrates. Therefore, the answer is covalent bonds.
Based on digestive system: explain the levels of organization in the body using the terms: cells, tissue, organs and systems. Provide an example.
The levels of organization in the body starts in a molecular level. In the case of the digestive system, some molecules that are important involve carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The molecules are organized into organelles and organelles are organized into cells, working together to build and make a cell work. Cells, then, will compose the tissues. In a digestive system, the tissues will then create the organs, such as the stomach, the liver and the intestine. Those are all organs composed of tissues. The organs, then, will work together and be organized into systems. In the case of the digestive system, all of the organs that are neede for digestion are connected and, together, create the digestive system. All of our body systems, organized, work together so our body can function as a whole.
What type of cell does the HIV virus use as a host cell?bone marrow cellsnerve cellsblood cellsCD4 cells
The type of cell that HIV use as a host cell by attacking and destroying such cell is called as CD4 cells. It is a lymphocyte also referred to as T cells that is responsible for battling infections. Since the HIV cannot reproduce on its own, it binds to a host cell which is the CD4 cells.
Answer - CD4 cells
Hair color is either dark (H) or light (h). What are the probabilities of the expected phenotypes of the offspring from a heterozygous mother and a homozygous recessive father?
We know that H is for dark hair color, and h is for clear or light hair color.
Considering this, the exercise tells us the parents are Hh the mother, and hh the father, and to tell the probabilities of each genotype in the offspring, which can be represented with a Punnet square, as follows.
Here we can appreciate how the offspring of the couple would have a 75 % to have dark hair color, while 25 % of the offspring would have light hair color.
Coral reefs and kelp forests are found in the coastal ocean. why is the coastal ocean most productive than the open ocean?A. Low water salinityB. Clarity of the waterC. Warmer ocean temperaturesD. Land runoff provides a source of nutrients
The correct answer is the letter D. Land runoff provides a source of nutrients
Coastal water is more productive than the open ocean because the runoff from land often has a high concentration of nutrients. This nutrients will be deposited directly to the coastal water; thus, this will stimulate production. The open ocean is way deeper than the coastal water, so it is harder to stimulate nutrients.
True or False. In both wet years and dry years, urban water use far exceeds agricultural water use in California.
The answer is false.
What is the definition for Nonsense Mutation?
The Nonsense mutation, also called stop mutation, is a gene mutation that results in a change in the amino acid sequence that leads to a premature stop (G).
What places are the blood Barriers not found ?
Four areas of the brain are not protected by the blood-brain barrier. These areas include the posterior pituitary gland, pineal gland, median eminence of the hypothalamus, and the area postrema.
is there any life outside of earth?
It is only a fiction or a story that there are extraterrestrial presence outside Earth. Establishment of life beyond Earth was never found. Evidence of alien life that visited Earth was not concluded. But it does not mean that the universe is lifeless. It is up to our astrologists to establish an answer to all those questions of life outside our planet. A great study of the origin of life and the search for life outside Earth will be their largest achievement.
16. What distinguishes fully modern humans (Homo sapiens) from their mostrecent predecessors?A. development of bipedalismB. development of cultural expressions such as the domestication of animalsC. use of stone tools
What distinguishes fully modern humans from their most recent predecessors is the development of cultural expressions such as the domestication of animals. As they were both bipedal, and could use stone tools.
The correct option is B.
Draw the monomers of a lipid (glycerol + fatty acids)
Glycerol is a small organic molecule with three hydroxyls (OH) groups, while a fatty acid consists of a long hydrocarbon chain attached to a carboxyl group.
What is another word for a fast growing” plant ?
Other ways to called a fast-growing plant are thriving, flourishing, and ever-growing plant, being all synonyms for calling that type of plant.
Which of the following processes is not a step in the polymerase chain reaction?DuplicationDenatureAnnealingExtension
The polymerase chain reaction steps are:
1 - denaturation;
2 - annealing;
3 - extension.
Therefore, the only process that is not a step in the polymerase chain reaction is duplication.
Object A has twice the mass of object B. Compare the gravitational force exerted on A by B with the force exerted by Bon A.
If the mass of one of the objects is doubled, then the force of gravity between them is doubled. Since the gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two interacting objects, more separation distance will result in weaker gravitational forces.
The forces must be attractive because the gravitational force is always an attractive force.
Answer: 3rd choice
Because plants are unable to move as much as animals, on what does their ability to reproduce depend? (Answer choices in the photo.)
Because plants are unable to move as much as animals, their ability to reproduce depends on seeds and spores, and different mechanisms for them to spread and be fertilized. (option a)
How do thezones in a schoolof fish benefitthem?A. This allows them to move more quickly when being attacked bya predatorB. This allows them to move in unison, so that when one moves ina zone every zone shifts.C. This helps them filter feed.D. This allows them to protect young in the center of the group.
Okay, marim3359, the zones in a school of fish benefit them by allowing them to move in unison. And as say the answer option, when a zone moves in, another zone do the same, so there are a constan
You may not have thought to minimize damage to the cookie while mining. What techniques can you have used to help reduce the impact of mining on the cookie? How do you think this might affect the cost of mining?
If we use a chocolate cookie as an analogy for mining, if we just wanted to extract all the chips possible, we probably wouldn't think of not damaging the cookie.
But if we wanted to reduce the impact, one technique may be to extract just the chips on the surface of the cookie, without breaking the cookie to reach the others.
If we take this to actual mining, this could be translated to mining just until a certain depth or avoiding areas of ecological importance. This may impact the costing by not giving as much profit or making more expensive the establishment of the mine, even if they could make the same profit, it would take them more time.
General PsychologyTopic 1 – Introduction to Psychology and Role of BiologyMini Brain ProjectDirections: Conduct research on a selected brain area or structure. Areas and structures available for research include: frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular formation, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebrum, hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum, Broca’s area, OR Wernicke’s area. Conduct research using scholarly Internet sources, library sources, and the textbook. What happens when it is damaged?
Our brain is who we are. It is the one thing that makes us unique.
When damage occurs to the brain, changes consequently occur to the person. These changes vary considerably and may include alterations to the person’s speech, mobility, memory and even personality. The symptoms displayed as a result of brain injury are dependent on where the brain was damaged and the extent of the damage
Which neurotransmitter would you expect to see in high quantities, if you could, in the brain of someone who has just been rewarded with a large raise in salary for all his or her hard work?Question options:A) SerotoninB) EpinephrineC) DopamineD) Acetylcholine
BIOLOGY > HUMAN BIOLOGY > HORMONE
EXPLANATION:
>Serotonin = It is one of the hormones known as "happy hormones". It is important for mood regulation, memory and cognition processes, and sleep.
>Epinephrine = It is more known as adrenaline and is a hormone that is released during strong emotions like fear or anger.
>Dopamine = It is one of the hormones known as "happy hormones". It is important for movement, coordination, and compulsion.
>Acetylcholine = It is important for muscle contraction.
ANSWER: A
Question 13Which environmental group is most closely associated with mountain climbing, backpack-ing, and camping?A Environmental Defense FundB GreenpeaceC Sierra ClubD World Wildlife Fund
The answer is option C: Sierra club
Explanation:
-The Sierra Club Foundation owns and operates the historic Shasta Alpine Hut. The property is popularly known as "Horse Camp,"
-Horse Camp ensures a reliable supply of fresh water.
-There are plenty of cleared campsites after the snow melts out. A fire ring in front of the hut offers climbers and campers a place to socialize on summer evenings.
-The Phoenix solar-powered, composting toilet converts human waste into a non-toxic end product, making it easier to practice low impact camping.
Solving mono hybrid problems
Brown seeds have this genotype Bb or BB. When we have the same allele, in this case BB, we have a homozygote. The question asks about a brown homozygote, that is BB, and a plant with white seeds, that is, bb. So, we have this cross, BB x bb. With this in mind, we are going to have either B or b gametes. In our Punnet square, we will have the following: 100% of heterozygotes Bb, phenotypcally this will mean that all seeds (100%) will be brown.
fqjDavid was thinking of a number. David adds 7, then divides by 8 to get an answer of 4. What was the original number?
The number is 25.
Given:
David adds 7 to a number and then divides it by 8 to get an answer of 4.
To Find:
The original number.
Solution:
To find the number we will follow the following steps:
Let the number be X.
On adding 7 n number X result will be X + 7
Now,
Dividing the X + 7 by 8 David gets 4.
So,
(X + 7 )/8 = 4
X + 7 = 8 × 4
X + 7 = 32
X = 32 - 7
X = 25
Henceforth, The number is 25.
Yeasts are unicellular microorganisms of the fungi kingdom. They are facultative anaerobe, which means that they can respire or ferment depending upon environmental conditions. In the presence of oxygen, respiration takes place (aerobic respiration). The process requires sugar and oxygen and produces water and carbon dioxide as metabolic waste products. The formula is: ??
answer and explanation
aerobic respiration formula = C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
scientists theorize that all life started with simple prokaryotic organisms. new species continue to evolve from existing species, creating the variety of life we see today. the following diagram shows the basic process.based on this diagram, do you think that organisms of the same order will share a stronger evolutionary relationship than organisms that share only the same phylum?
Organisms of the same order share not only the characteristic of the order they're in but also the characteristics of the phylum they belong to too, because this last category (phylum) is higher in the hierarchy.
Taking this information into account, we can say that organisms of the same order do share a stronger evolutionary relationship than others that only share the same phylum because the first ones share a longer evolutionary story.
In "The Tragedy of the Commons", the author
does not consider
O that humans are social and depend on one another.
O human self-interest.
O plant and animal domestication.
• the destruction of natural resources.l
In "The Tragedy of the Commons", the author does not consider option A: that humans are social and depend on one another.
What exactly does the author intend by "tragic commons"?The phrase "tragedy of the commons" describes a situation in which people who have access to a shared resource, also known as a common, act selfishly and ultimately deplete the resource. British author William Forster Lloyd initially conceived of this economic theory in 1833.
Note that Garrett Hardin overlooked the social aspect of people when writing "The Tragedy of the Commons" essay and thus is limited a bit.
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i don't understand this question and if you give me the definition in your own words please
We could conceive Muller´s Ratchet, as the following: "An irreversible accumulation of DNA -harm- (in terms of mutations) due to the lack of recombination -genetic diversity-. So, we could say that lack of sexual reproduction, and a continuos style of clonal reproduction (that is, the same copy of the organism) with time accumulate harmful DNA changes. DNA changes (mutations) occur by chance, although their ocurrence is regulated by several mechanisms. But in asexual organisms, or when genetic diversity is low, it tends to accumulate a lot.
Describe the functions and the main organs systems in plants and animals as it relate to their structure:1) Enzymes of the endocrine system, e.g. amylase in the mouth and stomach enzymes
Amylase is an enzyme synthesized in the pancreas and salivary glands, so it is present in the human saliva. The main function of this enzyme is to catalyze the hidrolisis of starch (or amylum, are complex carbohydrates present in some plant-based food, such as in rice and potates).
In the stomach, the most important digestive enzyme is called pepsin. This protein is produced in the stomach walls and it breaks down the proteins into smaller particles such as peptides and amino acids. Another stomach enzyme is the gastric lipase, which catalize lipid hydrolisis.
Mercury orbits the Sun at an average distance of 0.4 AU. Neptune orbits the Sun at an
average distance of 30 AU. How do their average distances in miles from the Sun compare?
According to the given statement 241.8 their average distances in miles from the Sun compare.
How many orbit does Mercury have?The world has a 3:2 spin-orbit resonant, rotating 3 times for every two revolutions all around Sun, according to radar data from 1965. This resonance is persistent because of Mercury's eccentric orbit; around perihelion, whenever the solar tide is strongest, the Sun is almost stationary in Mercury's sky.
Why is Mercury's orbit unusual?Additionally, Mercury is able to encounter a greater variety of solar magnetic field conditions compared to any other planet due to its orbit, which is more elliptical or "oval-shaped" than any other planet. Mercury offers a special chance to research how the influence of the Sun on a planet changes with distance.
Briefing:0.4 AU is 37.2 million miles
30 AU is 279 million miles.
If you subtract 37.2 from 279,
279 - 37.2
241.8 million miles.
You will get 241.8 or 241.8 million miles.
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Match the body system with its correct function.1. absorb nutrients from food and remove wastes2. regulates temperature, metabolism and homeostasis using hormones3. protects against injury, infection and fluid loss4. removes wastes from blood and regulates concentration of body fluids5. transports nutrients, wastes, hormones and gases6. regulates behavior and controls sense and movement7. moves air into and out of lungs; controls gas exchange8. provides structure and supports; moves the body9. defends against pathogens and disease10. protects and supports body and organs; produces blood cells11. produces gametes and offspring
1. Digestive system- absorb nutrients from food and remove wastes
2. Endocrine system- regulates temperature, metabolism, and homeostasis using hormones
3. Integumentary system- protects against injury, infection, and fluid loss
4. Excretory system- removes wastes from the blood and regulates the concentration of body fluids
5. Cardiovascular system- transports nutrients, wastes, hormones, and gases
6. Nervous system- regulates behavior and controls sense and movement
7. Respiratory system- moves air into and out of lungs; controls gas exchange
8. Muscular system- provides structure and supports; moves the body
9. Immune system- defends against pathogens and disease
10. Skeletal system- protects and supports body and organs; produces blood cells
11. Reproductive system- produces gametes and offspring
List a few differences between phages and animal viruses.
Solution:
Remember that viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages. In effect, bacteriophages inject DNA into the host cell, while animal viruses enter by endocytosis or membrane fusion.
The differences between bacteriophages and animal viruses can be detailed in the comparison of their Multiplication Cycles:
Attachment:
For bacteriophages, tail fibers attach to cell wall proteins. Whereas, in animal viruses, the attachment sites are plasma membrane proteins and glycoproteins.
Penetration:
In bacteriophages, Viral DNA is injected into the host cell. Whereas, in animal viruses, the capsid enters by endocytosis or fusion.
Uncoating:
It is not required in bacteriophages. Whereas, in animal viruses, there is enzymatic removal of capsid proteins.
Biosynthesis:
In bacteriophages, this occurs in the cytoplasm. Whereas, in animal viruses, this process occurs in the nucleus (DNA viruses) or cytoplasm (RNA viruses).
Chronic infection:
In bacteriophages, lysogeny is generated. Whereas, in animal viruses, there is a latency or slow viral infections.
Release:
In bacteriophages, the host cell is lysed. Whereas, in animal viruses, nonenveloped viruses rupture the plasma membrane.
What is the allele in a heterozygote that has no effect on the phenotype?A) Dominant alleleB) Recessive alleleC) Deleterious alleleD) Dominant trait
The allele that has no effect when a genotype is a heterozygote, and hence does not affect the phenotype, is a recessive allele. This leads us to consider that only when the two inherited alleles are recessives, the particular condition related to those alleles will be expressed in the phenotype.
Only when two recessive alleles are present, the associated trait to them are expressed. The answer then is B, recessive allele.