in ketose sugars, ring formation can occur because the ketone group reacts reversibly with a hydroxyl group in an aqueous solution. this process is termed " mutarotation".
A shift in the homeostasis between distinct anomers inside the solution causes mutarotation, which is a variation in the specific rotation with plane-polarized light. A hemiketal and hemiacetal group is required for any molecule to exhibit mutarotation. The earliest known example of mutarotation occurred in sugar.
When the matching stereocenters likely to recidivate, the equilibrium among two anomers changes, causing the optical rotation to change. This is known as mutarotation. The interconversion of the and anomeric forms causes the rotation of cyclic sugars.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (C)
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Why is it important to spray all samples with peroxide before spraying them with the indicator solutions?.
Peroxide is sprayed on all samples before any indicator so as to bleach the samples before staining by the indicators
peroxide is any of a class of chemicals in which 2 oxygen atoms are linked together by a single covalent bond peroxide is useful in bleaching as they are agents bleaching.
The peroxide when applied to the sample it reduces color bodies in pulp by oxidizing the carbonyl group making the samples colorless.
When the indicator is applied to a sample that is bleached the indicator penetrates this highlights important features of the tissue as well as enhances the tissue contrast.
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One volume of chlorine gas measured at STP would be liberated by the current of 2.5 ampere flowing for a period of 1.8 hours through an aqueous solution of silver chloride
The volume of chlorine gas produced at STP by the current of 2.5 amperes flowing for a period of 1.8 hours through an aqueous solution of silver chloride is 1.504 L.
What are the moles of chorine gas that are liberated at STP by passing a given current through an electrolyte containing chloride ions?The moles of chorine gas that are liberated at STP by passing a given current through an electrolyte containing chloride ions is determined from the equation of the oxidation reaction that occurs when chlorine gas is liberated from chloride ions.
The equation of the oxidation reaction is given below:
2 Cl⁻ ---> Cl₂ (g) + 2 e
From the equation of reaction, two moles of electrons liberated 1 mole of chlorine gas.
The volume of 1 mole of chlorine gas = 22.4 L
Quantity of current in 2 moles of electrons = 2 * 96500 C
Quantity of current in 2 moles of electrons = 193000 C
Quantity of current in 2.5 amperes flowing for a period of 1.8 hours = 2.5 * 1.8 * 3600
Quantity of current in 2.5 amperes flowing for a period of 1.8 hours = 12960 C
The volume of chlorine gas produced = 12960 * 22.4/1930000
The volume of chlorine gas produced = 1.504 L
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Complete question:
What volume of chlorine gas measured at STP would be liberated by the current of 2.5 amperes flowing for a period of 1.8 hours through an aqueous solution of silver chloride?
if you compared 1m solutions, was a 1m nacl solution less hypertonic than a 1m sucrose solution? what is you evidence? what about 1m nacl and 1m glucose and 1m sucrose?
If you compare 1 M Nacl solution, 1M glucose solution and 1M sucrose solution,1M Nacl solution is more hypertonic due to the dissociation of ions in the solution.
Of the two solutions the solution with higher osmotic pressure is called hypertonic. The extra pressure developed on the solution side due to the diffusion of solvent from its high amount through a semipermeable membrane is called the osmotic pressure.
Osmotic pressure= icRT
Where, i= van't hoff factor
c= concentration
R=Gas constant
t= temperature
The extent of dissociation or association of a solute in solution is expressed in terms of the van't hoff factor.
In 1M Nacl, as Nacl dissociates into ions in the solution its van't hoff factor becomes 2. In 1 M glucose it doesn't dissociate into ions. So van't hoff factor remains 1. And In 1 M sucrose,as it does not dissociate into ions van't hoff factor remains 1. So here Nacl has more osmotic pressure.
So, Nacl is hypertonic because of its dissociation into ions in the solution.
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a mixture of 15.0 g of the anesthetic halothane (c2hbrclf3 197.4 g/mol) and 22.6 g of oxygen gas has a total pressure of 862 torr. what are the partial pressures of each gas?
C2HBrClF3 and O2 have partial pressures of 84 torr and 778 torr, respectively.
Given,
C2HBrClF3 mass = 15.0 g
O2 mass is 22.6 g.
C2HBrClF3's molar mass is 197.4 g/mole.
O2's molar mass is 32 g per mole.
Raoult's Rule
Xsolvent = Psolution
P0solvent
P solution is the solution's vapour pressure.
"solvent" is the solvent's mole fraction.
P0solvent = the pure solvent's vapour pressure
Raoult's Law-
Raoult's law states that the partial vapour pressure of a solvent in a solution (or mixture) is equal to or the same as the pure solvent's vapour pressure times the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution.
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a 5.0 liter sample of argon gas at 20 degrees c and 0.85 atm pressure is compressed into a 2.0 liter container. what pressure will the gas exert at 60 degrees c
Gay-Law Lussac's states that, for a gas with a fixed volume and number of moles, pressure is directly proportional to temperature.
The pressure exerted by the argon gas at 60c is 0.46atm
Define pressure?
Pressure is defined as the force applied perpendicular to an object's surface per unit area across which that force is dispersed. Gauge pressure (sometimes written gauge pressure) is the pressure in relation to the surrounding atmosphere.
p is proportional to t.
p1xt1=p2xt2
where,
p1 = 0.85 atm
p2 = ?
t1 = 20c
t2 = 60c
t1=20c= (200 +275=475k)
t2=60c =(600+275=875k)
p2 =0.85x473/873
=0.4605atm
Therefore, the pressure of the gas at 60c will be 0.46atm.
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how does gravity influence the motion of objects in the solar system
suppose a solution contains calcium, ca2 , ions. according to solubility rules, which other ion should be added to form a precipitate?
The other ions are S[tex]O^{2-}_{4} }[/tex] and C[tex]O^{2-} _{3}[/tex].
Precipitation reaction:
A chemical reaction occurs in an aqueous solution where two ionic bonds combine, resulting in the formation of an insoluble salt. These insoluble salts formed in precipitation reactions are called precipitates.
The solubility rules to determine the solubility of the compound are as follows:
1. The common compounds of group 1A are soluble.
2. All the common compounds of ammonium ion and all acetates, chlorides, nitrates, bromides, iodides, and perchlorates are soluble in nature. Only the chlorides, bromides, and iodides of [tex]Ag^{+}[/tex] ,[tex]Pb^{2+}[/tex] ,[tex]Cu^{+}[/tex] and [tex]Hg^{2+} _{2}[/tex] are not soluble.
3. All common fluorides, except for group 2A fluorides, are soluble. Moreover, sulfates except CaSO4 ,SrSO4 ,BaSO4 ,Ag2SO4 and PbSO4 are soluble.
4. All common metal hydroxides except CaSO4,Sr(OH)2 ,Ba(OH)2 and hydroxides of group 1A and that of transition metals are insoluble in nature.
5. All carbonates and phosphates, except those formed by group 1A and ammonium ion, are insoluble.
6. All sulfides, except those formed by groups 1A, 2A, and ammonium ion are insoluble.
7. Salts that contain [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ,[tex]Br^{-}[/tex] or[tex]I^{-}[/tex] are usually soluble except for the halide salts of [tex]Ag^{+}[/tex],[tex]Pb^{2+}[/tex] and ([tex]Hg^{2+} _{2}[/tex]).
8. The chlorides, bromides, and iodides of all the metals are soluble in water, except for silver, lead, and mercury (II). Mercury (II) iodide is water-insoluble. Lead halides are soluble in hot water.
9. The perchlorates of group 1A and group 2A are soluble in nature.
10. All sulfates of metals are soluble, except for lead, mercury (I), barium, and calcium sulfates.
The reaction of Ca2+ and [tex]SO^{2-} _{4}[/tex] is as follows:
[tex]Ca^{+}[/tex](aq) + [tex]CO^{2-} _{3}[/tex](aq) --------> CaCO3(s)
Therefore there are [tex]SO^{2-} _{4}[/tex] and [tex]CO^{2-} _{3}[/tex] that can form a precipitation.
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Part G
The compound iron oxide can exist with either iron(II) ions or iron(III) ic
earn about the differences between iron(II) oxide and iron(III) oxide. Gi
compound. Describe their appearance and uses. Based on your finding
same compound, or are they two completely different compounds?
Iron(II) oxide ions are contain that lost 2 electron in the oxidation process and iron(III) oxide contain iron that lost 3 electron
Ferrous oxide is commonly known as iron(II) oxide contain iron that lost 2 electron in the oxidation process and so it is able to bond with other atom that have an extra 2 electron and ferric oxide is commonly known as iron(III) oxide and it contain iron that lost 3 electron and iron(II) and iron(II) oxide is the chemical compound with formula Fe₃O₄ and it occur in nature as the mineral magnetite and it is one of the number of iron oxide and the other being iron(II) oxide FeO which is rare and iron(III) oxide Fe₂O₃ which also occur naturally as the mineral hematite
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the ph of saliva is normally in the range of 6.4 to 7.0. however, when a person is ill, the person's saliva becomes more acidic. (a) when marco is sick, he tests the ph of his saliva and finds that it is 6.1. what is the hydrogen ion concentration of his saliva? (round your answer to seven decimal places.) m (b) will the hydrogen ion concentration in marco's saliva increase or decrease as he gets better? increase decrease (c) after marco recovers, he tests the ph of his saliva, and it is 6.5. was the saliva more acidic or less acidic when he was sick? more acidic less acidic
A quantity that can be determined by using logarithms is a substance's pH. The base-10 logarithm can be used to calculate this. We multiply the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration by a negative number.
The hydrogen ion concentration of his saliva is 0.0000013 gram moles per liter.
Marco's saliva is said to have a pH of 5.9. We can solve for this number since we have an equation that determines the pH from the hydrogen ion concentration.
We must use the inverse of this logarithm to obtain the value of this variable because the pH is calculated using the logarithm with a base of 10. To do this, raise both sides by a factor of 10.
What is Saliva and what is it's pH ?The pH of saliva typically ranges from 6.2 to 7.6, with 6.7 being the average. The mouth's pH is not below 6.3 while it is at rest. Saliva helps to keep the pH of the mouth cavity close to neutral (6.7–7.3). There are two ways that saliva helps to keep the pH balanced.
Potential Hydrogen, or pH, is an acronym that indicates how much hydrogen is present in liquids and how active the hydrogen ion is.
An acidic pH is A pH of less than 7 results in acidic saliva, which can seriously harm your smile. Your smile will likely experience acid erosion when you have acidic saliva, which can eventually cause enamel loss, tooth decay, and cavities.
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in a catalyzed chemical reaction, one function of a catalyst is to . group of answer choices increase the energy given off during the reaction increase the number of successful reactant collisions increase the temperature at which the reaction is carried out decrease the concentration of reactants change the equilibrium concentrations of the products and reactants
In a catalyzed chemical reaction, one function of a catalyst is to increase the number of successful reactant collisions .
catalyzed reaction are the reaction which used to accelerate the rate of the reaction. Catalyst is used to increases the speed of reaction . catalyst minimize the path of the reaction. the main function of the catalyst is to speed up the chemical reaction. the catalyst is not being consumed during the chemical reaction. catalyst is to increase the number of successful reactant collisions .
Thus, In a catalyzed chemical reaction, one function of a catalyst is to increase the number of successful reactant collisions .
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Choose the correct equilibrium expressions and match them to their appropriate reaction:
The correct equilibrium expressions that match the given reactions are;
a --> 1b ---> 8c ---> 10d ---> 14What is the equilibrium expression?We know that in a chemical reaction, there is a number that shows us the extent to which the reactants have been converted into products. We know that the more the reactants are converted into products, the more this value is large and positive. On the other hand, if a lot of the reactants are not converted into products then the value would be negative and small.
This value that I have talking about is called the equilibrium constant. We can be able to obtain the equilibrium constant from the law of mass action. It is the ratio between the concentrations of the products and the reactants all raised to the power of the stoichiometric coefficients.
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the expected stoichiometry is 1:1. how does your result compare (calculate the % error between your mole ratio and the expected value)?
Stoichiometry is the representation of balanced chemical equation, that involves the amount or quantities of reactants and products involved in the reaction.
In a chemical equation, stoichiometry is the relation between two or more substances. Stoichiometry can be the definite proportions in which elements or compounds react with one another. The rules followed in calculating the stoichiometric relationships are based on the laws of conservation of mass and energy and the law of combining weights or volumes.
For example:
N2 (g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
In the above reaction, Nitrogen (N2) and Hydrogen (H2) react to form Ammonia (NH3).
1 molecule + 3 molecules = 2 molecules
There is another concept known as the stoichiometric coefficient, this gives us the number of molecules that are participating in the reaction.
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a solution is made using 200.0 ml of methanol (density 0.7920 g/ml) and 567.1 ml of water (density 1.000 g/ml). what is the mass percent of the methanol?
The mass percent of the methanol is 21.83%.
The parameter
Methanol volume = 200.0 mlThe density of methanol = 0.7920 g/mlWater volume = 567.1 mlThe density of water = 1.000 g/mlCalculate the mass of methanol and water.
[tex]\rho = \frac{m}{V}[/tex]
m = ρ × V
Where m is a mass (kg), ρ is the density (kg/m³), and V is volume (m³)
m₁ = mass of methanol = 0.7920×200.0Mass percent of the methanol
= [tex]\frac{mass \: of \: methanol}{mass \: of \: solution} \times 100\%[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{m_1}{m_1 + m_2} \times 100\%[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{158.4}{158.4 + 567.1} \times 100\%[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{158.4}{725.5} \times 100\%[/tex]
= 0.2183 × 100%
= 21.83%
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in the reaction catalyzed by aconitase, the conversion of citrate to isocitrate is inhibited by fluoroacetate. fluoroacetate is used as a pesticide. why is this an effective pesticide?
In the reaction catalyzed by aconitase, the conversion of citrate to isocitrate is inhibited by fluoroacetate fluoroacetate is used as a pesticide this an effective pesticide because it inhibit the Krebs cycle
Aconitase catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate and isocitrate and it is the second enzyme in the citric acid cycle and which is a series of enzymes catalyst chemical reaction that is crucial to aerobic cellular respiration and the production of ATP and citrate is isomerized by dehydration and rehydration to isocitrate and fluoroacetate is the highly toxic towards the human and other mammals through inhibition of the enzyme aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and that's why fluoroacetate effective pesticide because it inhibit the Krebs cycle
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if you measure 0.0356 g of mg for your first trial, how many moles of hydrochloric acid would be needed to react with it? the molar mass of mg is 24.31 g/mol
0.00292 mol of HCL would be needed to react with 0.0356 g of Mg.
Mass of mg = 0.0356 g
Molar mass of mg is 24.31 g/mol
moles of mg= 0.0356/24.31
=0.00146moles
Mg+2HCL→MgCl₂ +H₂
From above equation , 1 mol of mg requires 2 mol of HCL
∴ 0.00146 mol of Mg will require =2×0.00146 mol of HCL
=0.00292 mol of HCL.
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saline solutions are often administered intravenously to patients. if a saline solution is 0.450% sodium chloride by mass, what is the molarity of na in the saline solution? assume the saline solution has a density of 1.005 g/ml.
The the the molarity of na in the saline solution of nacl in the saline solution was 0.077 M.
Molar concentration is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, especially of a solute in a solution, in terms of the amount of substance according to the unit quantity of the solution. In chemistry, the most normally used unit for molarity is the variety of moles according to liter, having the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm³ in the SI unit.
Calculation:-
0.45% NaCl by mass
Density = 1.005 g/ml
0.45g NaCl in a total mass of 100 g
100 g in ml = 100/1.005 mL
= 99.50 ml
0.450 g NaCl in moles = 0.450 /M nacl
= 0.450/58.44
= 7.70 × 10⁻³ mol
Molarity of NaCl = 7.70 × 10⁻³ /99.50 × 100
= 0.077 M
Molarity (M) is the quantity of a substance in a sure volume of answer. Molarity is defined because the moles of a solute according to liters of a solution. Molarity is also called the molar awareness of a solution.
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What are the hydronium-ion and the hydroxide-ion concentration of a solution at 25°C that is 0.0085 M Ba(OH)_2?
The hydronium-ion concentration of the solution containing 0.0085 M Ba(OH)₂ is 0.017M and the hydroxide-ion concentration of the solution containing 0.0085 M Ba(OH)₂ is 5.88 × 10⁻¹³ M.
Given,
Ba(OH)₂ = 5.88 × 10⁻¹³ M
Dissociation of Ba(OH)₂ is given as :
Ba(OH)₂ → Ba²⁺ + OH⁻
Balanced equation:
Ba(OH)₂ → Ba²⁺ + 2OH⁻
As 1 mole of barium hydroxide produces 2 moles of hydroxide ions, so the concentration of hydroxide ion is,
[OH⁻] = 2 × [Ba(OH)₂]
[OH⁻] = 2 × 0.0085 M
[OH⁻] = 0.017 M
The concentration of hydronium ion is as follows:
[H₃O⁺] = Kw / [OH⁻]
∴ Kw = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴
[H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ / 0.017
⇒ [H₃O⁺] = 5.88 × 10 ⁻¹³
Hence, the hydronium-ion and the hydroxide-ion concentration of the solution containing 0.0085 M Ba(OH)₂ at 25°C are 5.88 × 10 ⁻¹³ and 0.017 M respectively.
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the molecular mass of butanoic acid is 88.1 amu . calculate the molecular mass of ethyl acetate, an isomer of butanoic acid. express your answer with the appropriate units.
The molecular mass of ethyl acetate is 88.1 amu.
The structure formula of butanoic acid is CH3CH2CH2COOH, while structural formula of ethyl acetate is CH3COOCH2CH3. Thus, both butanoic acid and ethyl acetate have same number of constituent atoms. Therefore they have same atomic mass. Thus, molecular mass of ethyl acetate is 88.1 amu.
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a chemical equation that shows all reactants and products as intact, undissociated compounds is called a(n)
Answer: molecular equation
Explanation:
.How many moles are present in 5.67x1025 atoms of Carbon (C)?
Answer:
About 94
Explanation:
(1× 5.67×10²⁵)/6.03×10²³
94.03 moles of Carbon
About 94
1.explain why a polar aprotic solvent is used for this reaction? what is the polar aprotic solvent that is used?
Polar aprotic solvents are those solvents which have not acidic proton and polar nature.
Polar aprotic solvents are used in SN1 mechanism because these solvated both carbocation and anion .
The SN1 reaction mechanism follows a stepwise process in which the carbocation is first formed by removal of a leaving group. The carbocation is then attacked by a nucleophile. Finally, the protonated nucleophile is deprotonated to yield the desired product.
Thus, polar protic solvents help stabilize both carbocations and anions, and solvation of both cations and anions aids the progression of the SN1 mechanism. Therefore, polar protic solvents favor the SN1 mechanism.
Polar aprotic solvents are solvents that do not have acidic protons and are polar. Such solvents lack hydroxyl and amine groups. Many solvents, including chlorocarbons and hydrocarbons, can be classified as aprotic, but polar aprotic solvents are of particular interest due to their ability to dissolve salts.
examples: Actone , ethyl acetate
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2. based on your observations, what is the function of propylene glycol and methyl oleate in a hand cream?
The function of propylene glycol and methyl oleate in a hand cream is as a thickening agent and as an emulsifier and skin softener used in cosmetics.
ExplanationPropylene Glycol
Propylene glycol is a petroleum derivative product that has no odor and is colorless. This product is one of the products used as a raw material for making cosmetics. The function of propylene glycol is as a thickener for cosmetics such as facial moisturizers, facial cleansers, and other cosmetics that are liquid.
Methyl Oleate
Methyl Oleate is a long-chain saturated fatty acid found naturally in various animal and plant fats. Methyl oleate is solid and white in color, and has a mild aroma and is sometimes crystalline. The content contained in this product is often used as raw material for cosmetic products. The function of methyl oleate is as an emulsifier and lubricant that can soften the skin, and help keep cosmetic products from separating. One important function of methyl oleate in cosmetic products is to create a moist, slippery and unbreakable texture.
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silicon dioxide is found in sand, quartz glass, and silica gel packets found in packaging of shoes and electronics. what is the formula for silicon dioxide?
Silicon dioxide is found in sand, quartz glass, and silica gel packets found in packaging of shoes and electronics. the formula for silicon dioxide is SiO₂.
The formula for silicon dioxide is SiO₂. silicon dioxide is called as silica. silicon dioxide is commonly found in quartz. it is transparent solid. it is used in adhesives, ceramics. it is also used in agriculture chemicals. white and whitish yellow as sand or powder. it is the main part in optical fiber.
Thus, Silicon dioxide is found in sand, quartz glass, and silica gel packets found in packaging of shoes and electronics. the formula for silicon dioxide is SiO₂.
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What is a solubility curve and what does it measure?
Answer:
a thing that does things
Explanation:
the molar concentration of a sugar solution in an open beaker has been determined to be 0.5m. calculate the solute potential at 26 degrees celsius.
The solute potential at 26 degrees Celsius of the molar concentration of a sugar solution in an open beaker has been determined to be 0.5m is -12.4 bar.
Solute potential can be calculated by using:
Ψ = -iCRT
As we know,
i = 1
C = 0.5 (mol/L).,
R = 0.0831 L·bars/mol·K
T = 299K
Ψ = - 0.5*0.0831*299 = - 12.4 bar
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which are the initial main products of reaction of benzyl isopropyl ether in concentrated hydriodic acid?
Initial main byproducts of the reaction between concentrated hydro iodic acid and benzyl isopropyl ether are isopropyl alcohol and benzyliodide.
Ethers - The word Ether has been derived from the Latin word ‘aether’ which means ‘to ignite’. They contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
At room temperature and under a high-pressure ethers are usually flammable. The general formula of ether is given as R-O-R, R-O-R’, R-O-Ar or Ar-O-Ar where R represents an alkyl group and Ar represents an aryl group.
The initial stage in the hydrophilic acid cleavage of ethers will be a pre-equilibrium protonation of the ether's oxygen.
The resonance-stabilized benzyl cranium ion and isopropyl alcohol will then be produced when the powerful nucleophile iodide ion displaces isopropyl alcohol from the main group.
It is feasible for the hydroid acid and isopropyl alcohol to react further to produce the specified isopropyl iodide.
Thus, Initial main byproducts of the reaction between concentrated hydro iodic acid and benzyl isopropyl ether are isopropyl alcohol and benzyliodide.
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acetylcholine released at the heart will slow the rate of action potential generation. from this information you know that
By activating M₂ muscarinic receptor, acetylcholine released at the heart will slow the rate of action potential generation.
What is acetylcholine?Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction—in other words, it is the chemical that motor neurons of the nervous system release in order to activate muscles. This property means that drugs that affect cholinergic systems can have very dangerous effects ranging from paralysis to convulsions.
What is action potential?An action potential occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body. Neuroscientists use other words, such as a "spike" or an "impulse" for the action potential. The action potential is an explosion of electrical activity that is created by a depolarizing current.
Why acetylcholine released at the heart will slow the rate of action potential?Acetylcholine slows the heart rate by activating the M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) that, in turn, opens the acetylcholine-activated potassium channel (IK, ACh) to slow the firing of the sinus node.
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reactions that generate products enriched in one enantiomer are said to be . multiple choice question.
Enantioselective are reactions that generate products that are enriched in one enantiomer.
What are enantiomers?Enantiomers are pairs of molecules that exist in two forms that are mirror images of each other but are not superimposable. The enantiomers are chemically identical in all other respects. Enantiomeric pairs are distinguished by the direction in which they rotate polarized light when dissolved in solution, either dextrorotatory (d or +) or levorotatory (l or -). Hence the term optical isomer.
The enantioselectivity of a chromatography system is defined as the preferential interaction of one enantiomer with a chiral selector. It is usually determined as the ratio of the retention factors of the two enantiomers in a chiral chromatography or electrophoresis system.
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which feature does an iron metal have?responseselectrons shared between single pairs of atomselectrons shared between single pairs of atomsa sea of electronsa sea of electronsfirmly bonded electronsfirmly bonded electronselectrons that transfer between atoms to make cations and anions
Iron metal has a sea of electrons feature. The outside electrons form a sea or pool of delocalized electrons that are free to travel randomly throughout the fixed lattice of positive ions and do not "belong" to any particular atom.
What is iron metal?On the Periodic Table of the Elements, iron is a metal that belongs to Group 8 and is a hard, brittle substance. The most common metal, it is pure form, corrodes quickly when exposed into humid air and high temperatures. Iron is also considered to make up a significant portion of the Earth's core and is the fourth most prevalent metal by weight in the Earth's crust. According to the Los Alamos National Laboratory, it is abundant in the sun and stars in addition to being widely distributed on Earth. According to Jefferson Lab, iron is essential for the survival of all living things.
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what would it mean if a reagent had turned color directly upon addition to the sample prior to addition of hydrogen peroxide?
Before the reaction of hydrogen peroxide, if a reagent had changed color immediately after being added to the sample, this would indicate the presence of a contaminant and the test would be invalid.
The above experiment is also knowns as a presumptive blood testing experiment in which if a contaminant is present, the test should be deemed invalid if a vivid blue or purple color appears after adding the TMB reagent but before adding the hydrogen peroxide; this is also frequently referred to as a "false positive" result.
Presumptive tests catalyze the oxidation of a chromogenic substance, which results in a color change, by reacting with the hemoglobin of all blood in humans and animals. If the test is positive, the material will be identified as potentially blood, though not necessarily human blood.
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