Answer:
1. The overall chemical equation of the light-dependent reactions is given below:
12 H₂O + 12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 18 Pi + light and chlorophyll ----> 6 O₂ + 12 NADPH + 18 ATP
2. The overall chemical equation for the light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle is given below :
3 CO₂+ 6 NADPH + 5 H₂O + 9 ATP → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) + 2 H+ + 6 NADP+ + 9 ADP + 8 Pi
Explanation:
1. The light-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy, producing ATP and NADPH which are used light-independent reactions to drive the synthesis of sugar molecules from inorganic CO₂ and water. Light-dependent reactions takes place in photosystem I and II. Photosystem I and Photosystem II ( PS I and PS II) are the two biochemical systems, active in chloroplasts, that serve as sites of electron transfer reactions in photosynthesis. Energy from sunlight is used to split water which releases electrons and hydrogen atoms which are transferred to NADP+ to produce ATP and NADPH and oxygen is produced as a waste product.
The overall chemical equation of the light-dependent reactions is given below:
12 H₂O + 12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 18 Pi + light and chlorophyll ----> 6 O₂ + 12 NADPH + 18 ATP. Note that Pi refers to inorganic phosphate
2. The Calvin cycle refers to the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis. It occurs in three stages.
Stage 1 (Carbon fixation): In this first stage of the Calvin cycle, light-independent CO₂ is fixed by enzyme called ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
Stage2: ATP and NADPH are used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) into glyceraldehyde--phosphate (G3P). ATP and NADPH are used up in the process and are converted to ADP and NADP+, respectively.
Third stage: RuBP is regenerated, which enables the system to prepare for more CO2 to be fixed.
The overall chemical equation for the light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle is given below :
3 CO₂+ 6 NADPH + 5 H₂O + 9 ATP → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) + 2 H+ + 6 NADP+ + 9 ADP + 8 Pi
HELP WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Answer:
What are you talking about?
Explanation:
What
In the liver, excess amino acids are broken down into ____________ and rapidly combine with ____________ to produce urea, which is much less toxic to cells.
Answer:
In the liver, excess amino acids are broken down into ammonia and rapidly combine with carbon dioxide to produce urea, which is much less toxic to cells.
Explanation:
The correct answer to the given quested about Urea Cycle is Ammonia and Carbon dioxide respectively and the complete statement will be "In the liver, excess amino acids are broken down into Ammonia and rapidly combine with Carbon Dioxide to produce urea, which is much less toxic to cells."
What do you mean by Urea Cycle?The urea cycle, commonly referred to as the ornithine cycle, is a series of metabolic processes that converts ammonia into urea (NH2)2CO (NH3).Highly poisonous ammonia is transformed into urea by rapidly combining with carbon dioxide via the urea cycle for elimination. Five years before the TCA cycle was found, this cycle was the first to be identified as a metabolic process. Later, Ratner and Cohen provided a more thorough explanation of this cycle.Thus we can conclude that in the liver, excess amino acids are broken down into Ammonia which is highly toxic to cells and that ammonia rapidly combine with Carbon Dioxide to produce urea, which is much less toxic to cells.
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which process is needed for evolution to occur? PLEASSE HELPPP THIS IS A BIG GRADE
Answer: D. Genetic mutation
Explanation:
For evolution to occur, there must be a genetic mutation in the genome of an organism such that a new allele is formed.
If this mutation occurred in the sperm and/or the ovum, the mutation will then be passed on through reproduction to the next generation. This leads to more of the subsequent generations having that mutation thereby leading to evolution.
Which is the main function of the respiratory system?
1. to protect the internal organs
2. to help oxygen get into blood vessels
3. to push blood to all parts of the body
4. to protect the body from illness
I I am really really confused about these two questions does anybody know the answer to both of them
Answer:
1) Topographic maps show contours, elevation, forest cover, marsh, pipelines, power transmission lines, buildings and various types of boundary lines such as international, provincial and administrative, and many others. (Answer: Elevation)
2) Contour line, a line on a map representing an imaginary line on the land surface, all points of which are at the same elevation above a datum plane, usually mean sea level. The diagram illustrates how contour lines show relief by joining points of equal elevation. (Answer: Contour Line)
Which climate is best for supporting both plant and animal life? A.Tropical Rainforest B. Tundra C. Temperate Deciduous forest D. Desert E. Savanna F. Taiga
Deciduous forests, it holds both plant life and animals that thrives extremly well.
Allie was in the park playing on the equipment. She noticed that on the highest slide, she slides down
A)
without friction.
B)
with the slowest speed.
with the greatest speed.
D)
at about the same speed as the shortest slide.
PLEASE HELP !! ILL GIVE 40 POINTS ; PLUS BRAINLIEST !! DONT SKIP ANSWER.
What is the Society of American Foresters?
A union
A business
A government agency
A professional organization
The smaller a population of organisms of a particular species, the
A.
more likely one of the organisms is to adapt to a changing environment
B.
more likely a mutation is to arise
C.
less likely the species will be able to survive in a changing environment
D.
less likely natural selection is to affect the population
Answer:
The correct answer is - D. less likely natural selection is to affect the population
Explanation:
The larger population of a species tends to produce more mutant individuals per generation than a smaller population per generation. In a larger population, it assists to get more genotypes and gets optimal genotypes quicker than smaller populations.
In larger populations, the process of natural selection is more effective and for the smaller population Second, natural selection is less likely to affect the population which leads to less genetic diversity or change in order to survive due to stochastic sampling error as some allele loss in random selection.
Which is NOT a benefit of xenophyophores in a habitat?
1 They maintain benthic biodiversity.
2 They increase populations of isopods, mollusks, and crustaceans.
3 They churn up sediments that build up on the ocean floor.
4 They convert salt and iron into energy and nutrients.
The correct answer is 4. They convert salt and iron into energy and nutrients.
Explanation
Xenophiophores are large single-celled organisms generally found deep in the deep sea. They are characterized by being very delicate organisms, which makes it difficult for scientists who intend to study them since they are easily damaged by manipulation. However, in the studies that have been carried out on these organisms, it has been found that they are irreplaceable agents in the sediment deposition process and the maintenance of the biological diversity of benthic organisms. Also, it has been shown that in the areas where these organisms are found there are three to four times more benthic crustaceans, echinoderms, and mollusks than the equivalent areas not inhabited by these organisms. On the other hand, none of these studies has proven that They convert salt and iron into energy and nutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is 4. They convert salt and iron into energy and nutrients.
What are the five human impacts on the environment? (I would prefer them in point form, but i understand if you cant do that
Answer:
1. pollution
2.climate change
3. misuse of natural resources
4. erosion
5.loss of biodiversity
Explanation:
Answer:
overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation.
Explanation:
Which best describes the white light in the visible light spectrum?
А
a mixture of every wavelength and color of visible light
B
a mixture of only seven colors and wavelengths of visible light
С
a mixture of only red, blue, and yellow wavelengths of visible light
D
a mixture of colors that cannot be broken up in the spectrum of visible light
Answer:
B
No explanation required
PLEASE HELP !! ILL GIVE 40 POINTS ; PLUS BRAINLIEST !! DONT SKIP ANSWER.
Answer:A
Explanation:
Trust me bro
What part do humans play in gene flow?
Answer:
Humans reproduce and pass on their genes to their offspring.
Key Term Matching
1. accessory organs
2. fundus
3. uvula
4. villi
5. large intestine
6. root
7. dentin
8. lamina propria
9. fauces
10. chyme
11. incisor
12. parietal cells
13. crown
14. stomach
15. cheeks
16. serosa
17. enamel
18. stratified squamous
19. gingivae
20. small intestine
21. pharynx
22. liver
23. molar
24. mucins
25. acinar cells
a. forms bulk of tooth
b. performs compaction
c. a cutting tooth villi
d. liquid food mixture in stomach
e. posterior opening of oral cavity
f. has three muscularis externa layers
g. portion of tooth above gum line
h. epithelium found in esophagus
i. are connected to GI tract by a duct
j. composed of loose connective tissue
k. dome-shaped stomach region
l. organ shared with respiratory system
m. substance harder than bone
n. exocrine part of pancreas
o. projection off of soft palate
p. in saliva to lubricate food
q. finger-like extensions of mucosa
r. portion of tooth below gum line
s. the gums
t. performs 90% of digestion and absorption
u. secretes bile
v. a grinding tooth
w. secrete HCI
x. outermost layer of GI tract wall
y. lateral walls of the oral cavity
Which of the following factors decrease biodiversity? (Choose all that apply)
a. habitat destruction
b. unpredictable precipitation
c. warm temperatures
d. freezing temperatures
Answer:
habitat destruction, unpredictable precipitation, and freeing temperatures.
Explanation:
i took the quiz
The destruction of the habitat, unpredictable precipitation, and freezing temperatures decreases biodiversity. Thus, options a, b, and d are correct.
What is biodiversity?Biodiversity is the variety of life that sustains on earth and lives in a particular habitat. The biodiversity can be measured based on the ecosystem, species, and genetics. It comprises the ecological and evolutionary process.
The destruction of the habitat of a species can lead to a decrease in biodiversity as it affects the ecosystem and the ecological pyramid as a whole and will affect the population of the species.
The unpredictable precipitation can affect the species and the habitat as it may lead to floods that will destroy the habitat hence resulting in the loss of species.
Similarly, the decrease in temperature will affect many species as they will not be able to cope with low temperature resulting in their death.
Therefore, the unpredictable precipitation, freezing temperature, and destruction of habitat lead to a decrease in biodiversity.
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write a paragraph that explains what the causes of Long term climate cycles are. Give examples
Explanation:
Scientists have predicted that long-term effects of climate change will include a decrease in sea ice and an increase in permafrost thawing, an increase in heat waves and heavy precipitation, and decreased water resources in semi-arid regions.
Below are some of the regional impacts of global change forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change:
North America: Decreasing snowpack in the western mountains; 5-20 percent increase in yields of rain-fed agriculture in some regions; increased frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves in cities that currently experience them.
Latin America: Gradual replacement of tropical forest by savannah in eastern Amazonia; risk of significant biodiversity loss through species extinction in many tropical areas; significant changes in water availability for human consumption, agriculture and energy generation.
Europe: Increased risk of inland flash floods; more frequent coastal flooding and increased erosion from storms and sea level rise; glacial retreat in mountainous areas; reduced snow cover and winter tourism; extensive species losses; reductions of crop productivity in southern Europe.
Africa: By 2020, between 75 and 250 million people are projected to be exposed to increased water stress; yields from rain-fed agriculture could be reduced by up to 50 percent in some regions by 2020; agricultural production, including access to food, may be severely compromised.
Asia: Freshwater availability projected to decrease in Central, South, East and Southeast Asia by the 2050s; coastal areas will be at risk due to increased flooding; death rate from disease associated with floods and droughts expected to rise in some regions
What is the name of the structures at the end of the bronchioles where gases are
exchanged?
Olarynx
Oalveoli
O trachea
Oepiglottis
Answer:
Alveoli
Explanation:
question 10
Norepinephrine is produced from
A. tyrosine
B. serotonin
C. epinephrine
D. damfino
E. tryptophan
F. histidine
the law of conservation of mass means that n an isolated system matter cannot be_______
Answer:
Matter cannot be created nor destoyed
Clark case summary for gizmo
Please answer please I need help thank you
Algae provides more energy to the Box Turtle population.
If you see the bottom of the chain, Algae, whether the turtles eat it or not, also provides energy/food/resource for other forms of energy the turtles can consume, it's the base of the chain.
The answer is not aquatic insects because they do not supply as energy to as many sources as algae.
Hope this helped!
40. The state of matter with definite shape and definite volume
A. Gas
B. Liquid
C. Solid
Answer:
C. Solid
Explanation:
Gas has no definite shape or volume, and liquid has no definite shape. Hope this helps, best of luck!
Answer:
solid
Explanation:
liquid flow everywhere
gas blow in water
but solid is in fix shape
Can someone do this lab for me?
I don't have the materials or time. Hopefully, someone has done this before so they can give me some general results and observations. Thanks! :)
PLEASE HELP 30 POINTS IF I MARK YOU BRAINLIEST!!!!
4th one
they travel to go where the season's right, which'll give them the best resources
Use a Punnett square diagram to show why, for each pregnancy, the chances of giving birth to either a boy or a girl are 50-50. Explain the results shown in your diagram.
Answer:
Because the offspring of a male and female are always going to be xx, xx, xy, or xy.
Explanation:
Remember that men have different reproductive chromesomes than women. Women have 2 x chromesomes(xx) while men have 1 x and 1 y(xy). These are given down to their offspring.
So we can write the this out in a punnet square as(link down below).
After you see the visual, you will find that the genotypes are xx, xx, xy, xy.
As I said above, women have sex chromesomes xx, while men have sex chromesomes xy. When you match the genotypes on the punnet square with the ones we know from men and women, we find that two of them match with men and two match with female.
So with this, we can conclude that 2/4 of offspring will always be male and 2 will be female. And as you well know 2/4 is 1/2 which is 50%.
According to the law of conservation of energy, what can happen to the total
energy of a system?
A. The total energy must remain the same, but energy can change
forms and be transferred within the system.
B. Energy must be transferred out of a system if energy is transferred
into the system so that they total energy of the system stays the
same.
C. The total energy can decrease when energy is lost due to energy
transformation within the system.
D. The total energy can increase if energy is transferred into the
system from surroundings.
SUBMIT
Answer:
the total energy must remain the same,but energy can change forms and be transferred within the system
If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II, how many of the daughter cells will have an incorrect number of
chromosomes?
3. The presence of Malaria in many countries has been eradicated and even in parts of Africa, the incidence of Malaria has been reduced substantially. Without endemic malaria from Africa, the sickle cell mutation is purely disadvantageous. What do you think will happen to the percentage of people carrying the Sickle Cell gene over time under the pressures of natural selection
Answer:
The percentage of people carrying sickle cell gene increases.
Explanation:
People carrying the Sickle Cell gene have low chance of Malaria because the sickle cell enables the body to detoxify abnormal red blood cells from the body. When the malarial parasite attacks on the cells of the body, the molecular machinery for cleaning up the waste is already present in the body. Those places where malaria is common, the people having sickle cell because the sickle cell show resistance against malarial disease.