The answer is c: the medullary collecting duct is not a part of the nephron.
A nephron is a microscopic, structural, and functional unit of the kidney, which is the organ that produces urine. It is the smallest unit in the kidney, and each kidney contains millions of nephrons. It comprises two components:
the renal corpusclethe renal tubuleThe renal corpuscle is a group of capillaries in the kidney that are responsible for filtering blood. It is composed of the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule.
The renal tubule is a long and twisting tube that is responsible for reabsorbing substances that were initially filtered out of the blood. It is composed of the proximal tubule, nephron loop, and the distal tubule.
The medullary collecting duct is not part of the nephron. Instead, it is a part of the renal collecting system, which is responsible for carrying urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis.
The collecting ducts originate in the renal cortex and descend into the medulla, where they merge to form larger ducts that eventually empty into the renal pelvis.
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how many different kinds of genotypes are possible among offspring produced by the following two parents? assume complete dominance and independent assortment. ffgghh x ffgghh
The offspring produced by the two parents with genotypes ffgghh and ffgghh can have a total of 64 different genotypes.
To determine the number of different genotypes, we need to consider the independent assortment of alleles and the concept of complete dominance.
The parents have genotypes ffgghh and ffgghh. Each letter represents an allele at a specific gene locus, and lowercase letters indicate that they are recessive alleles. The uppercase letters represent dominant alleles.
For each parent, there are three gene loci with two alleles each, resulting in 2^3 = 8 possible genotypes. When we cross the two parents, we can consider each gene locus independently.
At each gene locus, the dominant allele will be expressed, and the recessive allele will be masked. Since both parents have the same genotype at each locus, all offspring will have the same dominant alleles.
Therefore, we don't need to consider the dominant alleles while calculating the number of genotypes.
For each gene locus, the offspring can inherit either the recessive allele from the first parent or the recessive allele from the second parent. With three independent gene loci, we have 2^3 = 8 possible combinations for the recessive alleles.
By multiplying the number of possible recessive allele combinations for each gene locus, we get the total number of different genotypes: 2^3 * 2^3 * 2^3 = 8 * 8 * 8 = 64.
Therefore, the offspring produced by the two parents can have a total of 64 different genotypes.
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How are the allosteric properties of ATCase and hemoglobin similar?
Both are regulated by feedback inhibition.
The allostery of both proteins involves regulation by competitive inhibitors.
Both proteins’ allosteric properties manifest when their subunits dissociate.
The quaternary structure of both proteins is altered by binding small molecules.
ATCase (aspartate transcarbamoylase) and hemoglobin's allosteric properties are related in the following ways: both are regulated by feedback inhibition; the allostery of both proteins involves regulation by competitive inhibitors; both proteins’ .
The allosteric properties of ATCase and hemoglobin are similar. Allosteric proteins, such as ATCase and hemoglobin, can undergo conformational changes that can modulate the protein's activity. Allostery is the property that proteins have to change their activity in response to some binding event. It enables cells to respond to stimuli and regulate metabolic pathways.Hemoglobin, which is present in red blood cells, is an allosteric protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. Hemoglobin is an alpha2-beta2 tetramer, meaning that it is made up of four polypeptide chains: two alpha and two beta subunits.
The quaternary structure of hemoglobin is regulated by the binding of oxygen. When oxygen binds to one subunit, the protein's conformation changes, making it more likely for the other three subunits to bind oxygen. The protein's affinity for oxygen is altered by changes in its quaternary structure. Hemoglobin's allosteric properties allow it to bind oxygen in the lungs and release it in the body's tissues.ATCase is a critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. ATCase's allosteric properties are essential for regulating the pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway's activity.
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