55 yo M presents with pain in the elbow when he plays tennis. His grip is impaired as a result of the pain. There is tenderness over the lateral epicondyle as well as pain on resisted wrist dorsiflexion (Cozen's test) with the elbow in extension. What the diagnose?

Alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disorder can result in two disorders due to thiamine deficiency: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and Korsakoff psychosis.

It is a combination of two conditions: Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome. The symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome include memory loss, confabulation (making up stories to fill gaps in memory), and difficulty learning new information. This disorder is more common in chronic alcoholics due to the high risk of thiamine deficiency.

Alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disorder can result in two disorders due to thiamine deficiency: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff syndrome (KS).

These conditions are often related and together referred to as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WK).

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The probability associated with getting exactly 7 TB positive respondents in this sample is 0.159, or about 16%.

To answer this question, we can use the binomial distribution formula, which calculates the probability of a certain number of successes in a given number of trials, where the probability of success (p) and the number of trials (n) are known.

a) To find the expected number of participants in this country to report a positive TB diagnosis, we can use the formula:

Expected number of successes = probability of success x number of trials

In this case, the probability of success is the prevalence of TB in the population, which is 24% or 0.24, and the number of trials is the sample size, which is 16.

Expected number of participants with TB = 0.24 x 16 = 3.84

So, we would expect around 3 or 4 participants in this sample to report a positive TB diagnosis.

b) Assuming that 7 of the respondents were TB positive, we can calculate the probability associated with this result using the same binomial distribution formula. The probability of getting exactly 7 successes (TB positive respondents) out of 16 trials, given a probability of success of 0.24, is:

P(X = 7) = (16 choose 7) x (0.24)^7 x (0.76)^9 = 0.159

where "16 choose 7" represents the number of ways we can choose 7 successes out of 16 trials.

So, the probability associated with getting exactly 7 TB positive respondents in this sample is 0.159, or about 16%.

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Playing certain sports can help increase muscular fitness, which can lead to an increase in metabolism. This is because muscles burn calories even when at rest, so an increase in muscle mass can lead to a higher resting metabolic rate.

However, playing sports that primarily focus on muscular fitness, such as weightlifting, may not necessarily increase cardiovascular fitness or endurance.

These sports may also not necessarily lead to weight loss, as weight loss also depends on diet and other factors. In fact, some sports that primarily focus on muscular fitness may actually lead to weight gain, as muscle is denser than fat.

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C. Four to five sleep cycles of about 90 minutes each is the correct answer. During  each cycle, a person progresses through several stages of NREM sleep, followed by a period of REM sleep, and then back to NREM sleep.

A full night's sleep is characterized by several sleep cycles, each of which includes both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These sleep cycles typically last for about 90 minutes each, and a full night's sleep usually consists of four to five of these cycles.

During  each cycle, a person progresses through several stages of NREM sleep, followed by a period of REM sleep, and then back to NREM sleep. This cycle is repeated several times throughout the night, with the proportion of time spent in each stage of sleesleepp changing as the night progresses.

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The chemist will let Mr Del Rio know about the probable tendon rupture side effect of Cipro HC. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as Cipro HC, can cause this uncommon but dangerous side effect.

If patients exhibit any symptoms of tendon discomfort or swelling, they should stop taking the drug right away and get medical help. Rare but dangerous side effects of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as Cipro HC, include tendon rupture. Although it can happen to other tendons, it most frequently affects the Achilles tendon in the heel. Patients over the age of 60, those taking corticosteroids, and those with a history of tendon issues are more prone to experience this side effect. If patients exhibit any symptoms of tendon discomfort or swelling, they should be encouraged to cease taking the drug right once and seek medical assistance. It's critical to assess the dangers and benefits of using Cipro HC for treatment and to follow a doctor's instructions exactly.

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Answer: LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) is a powerful hallucinogenic drg that can cause a range of physical and psychological effects. While LSD is not considered to be toxic or addictive, it can still be dangerous if used improperly or in large doses.

There have been reports of people experiencing dangerous behavior and accidents while under the influence of LSD, which can lead to serious injury or death. In rare cases, people have also experienced psychtic reactions or sicidal thoughts while using LSD.

However, it is important to note that LSD has a relatively low risk of overdose, and deaths from LSD alone are very rare. In most cases, deaths associated with LSD involve other factors, such as accidents or other drg use.

Explanation:

Statement 2 indicates a need for further teaching, as nitroglycerin should be replaced every 6 months due to loss of potency, and storing pills in bulk could lead to using expired medication.

Nitroglycerin is a powerful explosive chemical compound that is commonly used in the manufacturing of explosives and in the treatment of angina, a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. Nitroglycerin works by relaxing and dilating blood vessels, which helps to improve blood flow to the heart and reduce chest pain. It is typically administered orally, through a patch, or by injection. Due to its explosive nature, nitroglycerin must be handled and stored with extreme caution. It is also important to note that nitroglycerin should only be used under the guidance and supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.

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The chef is allowed to taste test food only if they: Use a clean sanitized utensil each time they taste This ensures that the chef maintains proper hygiene and food safety while taste testing during cooking.

D. Use a clean sanitizer utensil each time they taste. It is important for chefs to practice good hygiene when handling food, which includes using clean utensils each time they taste.

This helps to prevent cross-contamination and the spread of harmful bacteria. Using a small finger to taste or using the same spoon repeatedly is not recommended, as it can introduce unwanted substances into the food.

Stirring the food before testing is not necessary, but can help to ensure that the taste is evenly distributed.

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The Mr. Schroeder is taking Brilliant, which is an antiplatelet medication. The other options - Imdur, Lanoxin, and Nitrostat - are not antiplatelet medications. Brilliant, also known by its generic name Ticagrelor, is a medication that helps prevent blood clots by inhibiting the activity of platelets in the bloodstream.

This medication is commonly prescribed for individuals who have experienced a heart attack or those with certain cardiovascular conditions. Imdur is a nitrate medication that is used to treat chest pain (angina) by relaxing and widening blood vessels. Lanoxin, or Digoxin, is a cardiac glycoside used to treat heart failure and irregular heartbeats. Nitrostat, or Nitroglycerin, is another nitrate medication used to treat chest pain by widening blood vessels. In summary, Mr. Schroeder's prescription for a new antiplatelet medication would be Brilliant.

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Prefix: Xeno-

Combining form: -geneic

Suffix: None

Definition: Relating to or derived from a different species.

Xenogeneic is a term used in biology to describe something that is derived from a different species. The prefix "xeno-" means "foreign" or "different," while the combining form "-geneic" refers to genes or genetic material. Therefore, the term "xenogeneic" is often used to describe organisms, tissues, or cells that come from a different species.

In medical contexts, the term "xenogeneic" is particularly relevant in the field of transplantation, where it refers to the use of tissues or organs from a different species in a human recipient. Xenogeneic transplantation has been attempted in the past, but the risk of rejection and infection is very high due to the significant differences between human and animal immune systems.

Overall, the term "xenogeneic" is useful in describing any biological material that comes from a different species and can be important in fields such as evolutionary biology, genetics, and transplantation medicine.

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The generic name for Xalatan is Latanoprost. It is an eye medication used to treat certain types of glaucoma and ocular hypertension by reducing the pressure in the eye.

The generic name for Xalatan is Latanoprost. It is a medication used to treat open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension by reducing pressure in the eye. Latanoprost belongs to a class of drugs called prostaglandin analogs, which work by increasing the outflow of fluid from the eye. It is available in the form of eye drops and is applied to the affected eye(s) once a day. Latanoprost is considered a safe and effective medication for the treatment of these conditions, but as with all medications, it may cause side effects such as blurred vision, eye irritation, and changes in eye color. It is important to follow the instructions of your healthcare provider when using Latanoprost and to report any side effects or concerns you may have. Overall, Latanoprost has proven to be an important medication for the management of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, and it continues to be a popular choice among healthcare providers.

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The patient's symptoms of severe midepigastric abdominal pain radiating to the back, improvement when leaning forward, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and a history of alcoholism with recent binge drinking suggest a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by excessive alcohol consumption, which leads to the release of pancreatic enzymes that can damage pancreatic tissue and cause severe pain. The pain typically worsens after eating and can be alleviated by leaning forward or lying in a fetal position. Associated symptoms, such as anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, can indicate an exacerbation of the condition. Management includes supportive care, fluid resuscitation, pain management, and addressing the underlying cause, such as alcohol cessation for this patient.

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True. Patients with bulimia nervosa often appear to be at or near their ideal body weight, despite their struggle with bingeing and purging behaviors.

It is important to note that weight is not always a reliable indicator of an eating disorder, and individuals with bulimia nervosa may still experience physical and emotional consequences related to their disorder.

Patients with bulimia nervosa appear well, at or near ideal body weight. Bulimia nervosa is a type of eating disorder that involves binge eating followed by purging, such as vomiting, using laxatives, or exercising excessively. Unlike anorexia nervosa, which is another type of eating disorder that involves self-starvation and significant weight loss, patients with bulimia nervosa usually maintain a normal weight or may be slightly overweight. However, this does not mean that bulimia nervosa is less serious or harmful than anorexia nervosa. Bulimia nervosa can cause severe physical and psychological complications, such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, dental erosion, esophageal damage, heart problems, depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.

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False. Osteoarthritis is not an autoimmune disease, but rather a degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive loss of cartilage in the joints. It occurs due to the wear and tear of the joint cartilage over time, which leads to the breakdown of the smooth cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in the joints.

This degenerative process causes bone-on-bone contact, resulting in pain, stiffness, and reduced joint mobility. Risk factors for osteoarthritis include aging, obesity, joint injuries, and genetics. The disease commonly affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine, but can also affect other joints like the hands and shoulders.

In contrast, autoimmune diseases involve the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own healthy tissues. Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of an autoimmune disease that affects the joints, causing inflammation, swelling, and pain. Although both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can lead to joint pain and stiffness, their underlying causes and progression are different.

To manage osteoarthritis, treatment options include lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight and engaging in low-impact exercise; medication, such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs; and, in more severe cases, joint replacement surgery.

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A 70-year-old man with a history of extensive vascular disease and alcoholism had an unconscious collapse three days ago. When he was brought to the emergency department, his blood pressure was only palpable at 70mmHg, his heart rate was high at 130 beats per minute, and he was in an altered state of consciousness.

These are all very concerning signs and symptoms that indicate a potentially life-threatening situation.Given the patient's history of alcoholism, it's possible that he suffered from an alcohol-related medical emergency, such as liver failure or an overdose. Alternatively, his extensive vascular disease could have contributed to his collapse and altered mental state.The fact that he was admitted to the ICU suggests that his condition was quite serious and required close monitoring and intensive treatment. It's likely that he received intravenous fluids and medications to stabilize his blood pressure and heart rate. In addition, he may have undergone various tests, such as blood tests and imaging studies, to evaluate the extent of his injuries or illness.Overall, this case highlights the dangers of alcoholism and the importance of seeking prompt medical attention in the event of a medical emergency. In addition, it underscores the crucial role that healthcare providers play in managing complex and potentially life-threatening conditions, such as those seen in the ICU.

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The priority assessment in the first hour of care after admission to the critical care unit should focus on: c. Cognitive function

The priority assessment in the first hour of care after admission to the critical care unit for a client experiencing a hypertensive crisis should focus on the client's blood pressure as it is the most important factor to monitor and manage in this situation. Therefore, none of the options provided are the correct answer.

The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing a hypertensive crisis. The priority assessment in the first hour of care after admission to the critical care unit should focus on:

c. Cognitive function

In a hypertensive crisis, the primary concern is potential damage to vital organs, including the brain. Therefore, assessing the patient's cognitive function is crucial to determine if there are any neurological impairments that could indicate an urgent need for intervention.

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Syphilis should ideally be treated during the primary and secondary stages to prevent further spread of the infection.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It has been a significant public health issue throughout history, and it continues to affect people worldwide. Syphilis has four stages, each with different symptoms and health impacts. In the primary stage, a sore called a chancre develops at the site of infection. In the secondary stage, symptoms may include a rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. If left untreated, the infection can progress to the latent and tertiary stages, which can cause severe damage to organs and even death. Syphilis can be treated with antibiotics, but it is important to diagnose and treat it as early as possible to avoid complications and spread to others. Safer sex practices and regular testing can help prevent syphilis transmission.

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Based on the information provided, the possible diagnosis is hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Hypothalamic amenorrhea is a condition where there is a disruption in the normal menstrual cycle due to dysfunction of the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that regulates reproductive hormones. This can be caused by factors such as significant weight loss, excessive exercise, and stress. The patient's history of significant weight loss and vigorous exercise is consistent with the development of hypothalamic amenorrhea. Additionally, the cold intolerance may indicate a decrease in metabolic rate due to the body conserving energy in response to the stressors. However, it is important to rule out other potential causes of amenorrhea, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, and pregnancy.

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As a nurse, administering lidocaine to a client with a myocardial infarction requires careful monitoring of the client's vital signs and other signs of adverse effects. The most critical assessment finding that requires the nurse's immediate action in this scenario is the pulse rate of 48 beats per minute.

Lidocaine is a potent medication used to manage ventricular arrhythmias. However, it can also cause a significant decrease in heart rate, leading to bradycardia or even asystole, especially when given rapidly or in high doses. A pulse rate of 48 beats per minute indicates severe bradycardia, and the nurse must stop the infusion immediately, notify the healthcare provider, and provide emergency interventions as needed to increase the heart rate. The respiratory rate of 22, central venous pressure reading of 11, and blood pressure of 144/92 may also require close monitoring and intervention if there are any significant changes, but they are not as urgent as the heart rate in this scenario.

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Retroviruses infect and replicate primarily within a host's cells. Retroviruses are known for their ability to cause chronic infections and can lead to the development of diseases such as HIV/AIDS.

The process involves the following steps:

1. Entry: Retroviruses enter the host's body and attach to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, typically immune cells.

2. Reverse transcription: Once inside the cell, the retrovirus uses its RNA genome and an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to create a DNA copy of its RNA genome.

3. Integration: The newly synthesized DNA is then integrated into the host cell's DNA using another enzyme called integrase.

4. Replication: The host cell replicates its own DNA, including the integrated retroviral DNA, creating new copies of the viral genome.

5. Viral protein synthesis: The host cell's machinery reads the viral DNA and produces the necessary viral proteins for the assembly of new virus particles.

6. Assembly and release: Newly synthesized viral RNA and proteins come together to form new virus particles, which are then released from the host cell to infect other cells.

This process enables retroviruses to efficiently infect and replicate within a host's cells, leading to the spread of the virus within the host organism.

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It is difficult to determine a specific level of anxiety at which a person is able to work effectively towards a goal and examine alternatives, as everyone experiences anxiety differently.

Some individuals may be able to work through their anxiety and focus on their goals, while others may struggle to manage their anxiety and find it difficult to make decisions. It is important to note that anxiety can be both helpful and hindering in goal-setting, as a moderate level of anxiety can motivate individuals to work towards their goals while excessive anxiety can hinder their ability to think clearly and make sound decisions. Ultimately, it is important for individuals to find strategies to manage their anxiety and find a balance that allows them to work towards their goals effectively.

An exam performance test offers an assessment that calls for the test-taker or other person to actually carry out a task or activity.

This kind of exam may be taken anywhere, from a lab to a school, and it can also be used to keep athletes physically healthy. This Exam Performance also teaches appropriate analytical abilities that aid in comprehension of the nature of the task. People can work more easily and unhinderedly as a result of the exam performance method. This also gives the person the concept.

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Obese people are more than three times as likely as non-obese people to develop c. diabetes.

One well-known risk factor for the emergence of type 2 diabetes is obesity. Insulin resistance is a condition where the body's cells are less receptive to insulin, the hormone that controls blood sugar levels, as a result of excess body fat. This can eventually cause excessive blood sugar levels and the onset of type 2 diabetes.

Obesity may also raise the risk of contracting other illnesses, such as hypertension and pneumonia, although these ailments are not linked to obesity in the same way that diabetes is. Although it does not increase the chance of getting the flu, obesity may increase the risk of complications from the virus.

The hormone insulin, which controls blood sugar levels, becomes less sensitive to the body in type 2 diabetes, a chronic illness. Because of this, the body could find it challenging to maintain blood sugar levels within a normal range, which can result in a number of medical issues like nerve damage, renal damage, and cardiovascular disease.

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The correct answer is A. The average circadian rhythm repeats every 24 hours. The circadian rhythm is a natural, internal process that regulates various biological processes in living organisms, including sleep-wake cycles, hormone production, and metabolism.

It is driven by an internal "biological clock" that is synchronized to the 24-hour day/night cycle. While some organisms may have shorter or longer circadian rhythms (e.g. some insects have a circadian rhythm of around 12 hours), the average circadian rhythm for humans and many other animals is around 24 hours. This means that our biological clock "expects" a regular 24-hour cycle of light and darkness, and disruption of this cycle (such as jet lag or shift work) can have negative effects on our health and well-being. Understanding and managing our circadian rhythms is an important aspect of maintaining good sleep hygiene and overall health.

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Both a young adult and an older person should be able to pick up and remember how to operate a new smartphone. With the development of technology, cellphones have proliferated into a commonplace item utilised by users of all ages.

A senior or elderly person may require some early assistance and instruction, but with practise and repetition, they may become expert smartphone users. However, a senior citizen might not be able to pick up on and retain new knowledge as fast or readily as a young adult.

For instance, an aged person may find it more difficult to learn a new language or memorise a list of complicated medical terminology due to age-related cognitive decline. Not that they can't learn these things—far from it.

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Tadalafil, which is commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction, has a serious drug interaction with isosorbide. When taken together, they can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure, leading to fainting, dizziness, or even a heart attack.

It is important to always inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to avoid any potential drug interactions.
 
Tadalafil, a medication used for treating erectile dysfunction, has a serious drug interaction with Isosorbide. This interaction occurs because both drugs are vasodilators, which means they work by widening blood vessels to improve blood flow. When Tadalafil and Isosorbide are taken together, their combined vasodilatory effects can lead to a significant drop in blood pressure (hypotension), causing dizziness, fainting, or even more serious complications.

In summary, Tadalafil has a serious drug interaction with Isosorbide due to their combined vasodilatory effects, which can lead to dangerously low blood pressure. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before combining these medications.

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When an elderly person comes to the ED with complaints of weakness and facial droop, there can be a variety of possible underlying causes. It is important for the medical team to perform a thorough evaluation and consider a range of differential diagnoses before making a final diagnosis and recommending appropriate treatment.

Differential diagnosis for an old man with weakness and facial droop in the ED

Some possible differential diagnoses that should be considered for an elderly man with these symptoms include:
- Stroke: Facial droop is a common symptom of a stroke, and weakness is often a related symptom.
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA): TIAs are similar to strokes but are typically shorter in duration and cause less severe symptoms. However, they can still cause facial droop and weakness.
- Bell's palsy: This condition causes temporary paralysis of the facial muscles and can result in drooping.
- Guillain-Barre syndrome: This rare condition affects the nervous system and can cause muscle weakness and paralysis, including in the face.
- Myasthenia gravis: This autoimmune disorder affects the muscles and can cause weakness and drooping.
- Parkinson's disease: This progressive neurological condition can cause muscle weakness, tremors, and facial drooping.

Other possible causes of weakness and facial droop in elderly patients may include infections, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and medication side effects. The medical team should consider these and other potential factors before making a final diagnosis and recommending appropriate treatment.

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The term that describes this type of eating disorder is bulimia nervosa. Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder (ED) where individuals experience recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviours.

These behaviors include self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications, fasting, or excessive exercise to counteract binge eating. Bulimia nervosa involves the consumption of large amounts of food in a short period of time, also known as binge eating, and then attempting to "make up for" the calories consumed through compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications. These behaviors are meant to alleviate feelings of guilt or shame associated with the binge eating episode. However, these behaviors can be very harmful to the body and can lead to a range of physical and emotional problems.

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Based on the symptoms described, the most likely diagnosis is bowel obstruction. The history of multiple abdominal surgeries increases the likelihood of adhesions or scar tissue causing the obstruction.

The vomiting, abdominal distention, and inability to pass flatus or stool are all common symptoms of bowel obstruction. Further evaluation, such as imaging studies, would be needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the best course of treatment. Adhesive small bowel obstruction is a common complication following abdominal surgeries and it occurs when adhesions (scar tissue) form and cause a blockage in the small intestine. The symptoms presented in the question, such as abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and inability to pass flatus or stool, are consistent with this diagnosis.

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