The annual operating cash flow at the higher sales price is: $59,111 - $20,080 = $39,031
To calculate the sensitivity of the operating cash flow to a $1 change in the per unit sales price, we need to calculate the operating cash flow at the current sales price and at a sales price that is $1 lower and $1 higher.
At the current sales price of $70 per unit, the contribution margin per unit is $70 - $41 = $29. The annual contribution margin is therefore:
8,300 units x $29 = $240,700
The annual depreciation expense for the equipment is:
$269,000 ÷ 9 years = $29,889 per year
The annual earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) are:
$240,700 - $160,000 - $29,889 = $50,811
The annual taxes are:
$50,811 x 0.34 = $17,282
Therefore, the annual operating cash flow at the current sales price is:
$50,811 - $17,282 = $33,529
If the sales price decreases by $1 to $69 per unit, the new contribution margin per unit is $69 - $41 = $28. The annual contribution margin is:
8,300 units x $28 = $232,400
The annual EBIT is:
$232,400 - $160,000 - $29,889 = $42,511
The annual taxes are:
$42,511 x 0.34 = $14,448
Therefore, the annual operating cash flow at the lower sales price is:
$42,511 - $14,448 = $28,063
If the sales price increases by $1 to $71 per unit, the new contribution margin per unit is $71 - $41 = $30. The annual contribution margin is:
8,300 units x $30 = $249,000
The annual EBIT is:
$249,000 - $160,000 - $29,889 = $59,111
The annual taxes are:
$59,111 x 0.34 = $20,080
Therefore, the annual operating cash flow at the higher sales price is:
$59,111 - $20,080 = $39,031
The sensitivity of the operating cash flow to a $1 change in the per unit sales price is the difference between the annual operating cash flow at the lower sales price and the current sales price, divided by $1. Therefore:
($28,063 - $33,529) ÷ $1 = -$5,466
The sensitivity of the operating cash flow to a $1 increase in the per unit sales price is the difference between the annual operating cash flow at the higher sales price and the current sales price, divided by $1. Therefore:
($39,031 - $33,529) ÷ $1 = $5,502
Rounding to the nearest dollar, the sensitivity of the operating cash flow to a $1 change in the per unit sales price is $5,502 - $5,466 = $36. Therefore, the answer is $36.
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What guides the Development Team on why it is building the Increment?
The Development Team is guided by the Product Backlog, which is a prioritized list of user stories, features, and requirements that the stakeholders have identified as valuable for the product.
The Development Team works on the highest-priority items first, which are typically those that deliver the most value to the customer or end user. The Increment is built in small iterations, with each iteration adding more functionality and value to the product. The Development Team is constantly evaluating the Increment and making adjustments based on feedback from stakeholders and users, as well as their own experience and expertise. Ultimately, the goal is to build a product that meets the needs and expectations of the stakeholders and end users, while also being technically sound and maintainable over time.
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currency appreciation: consider price of beer. let's pretend that last year a bottle of beer used to cost one dollar, but this year it costs two dollars per bottle. a) this means beer costs twice as much as last year; or beer price has gone up by % b) one dollar buys half as much beer as last year; or dollar has fallen in value by %
The increase in the price of beer from one dollar to two dollars per bottle indicates currency appreciation.
This means that the currency used to purchase the beer has increased in value in relation to other currencies.
In this case, if we assume that the beer is being bought in US dollars, it means that the US dollar has appreciated in value compared to the currency used by the beer manufacturer.
To further illustrate this point, we can use the concept of purchasing power parity (PPP).
PPP is an economic theory that suggests that exchange rates between currencies should adjust to ensure that a basket of goods and services in one country costs the same in another country.
If we use PPP to analyze the increase in the price of beer, we can say that the purchasing power of the US dollar has increased. This is because a dollar can now buy more beer than it could last year.
In terms of the two statements provided in the question, both are technically correct but with different implications. Saying that beer costs twice as much as last year indicates a 100% increase in price, which is significant.
On the other hand, saying that one dollar buys half as much beer as last year suggests that the US dollar has lost 50% of its purchasing power.
This is a subtle difference, but it highlights the importance of understanding the context in which currency appreciation or depreciation occurs.
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Jansen Crafters has the capacity to produce 50,000 oak shelves per year and is currently selling 44,000 shelves for $32 each. Cutrate Furniture approached Jansen about buying 1,200 shelves for bookcases it is building and is willing to pay $26 for each shelf. No packaging will be required for the bulk order. Jansen usually packages shelves for Home Depot at a price of $1.50 per shelf. The $1.50 per-shelf cost is included in the unit variable cost of $27, with annual fixed costs of $320,000. However, the $1.50 packaging cost will not apply in this case. The fixed costs will be unaffected by the special order and the company has the capacity to accept the order. Based on this information, what would be the profit if Jansen accepts the special order?
A.Profits will increase by $31,200.
B.Profits will decrease by $1,200.
C.Profits will increase by $7,200.
D.Profits will increase by $600.
C. Profits will increase by $7,200, it's important to note that accepting the special order will also decrease the number of shelves available to sell at the regular price, so the impact on overall profits needs to be considered.
To calculate the profit from the special order, we need to compare the revenue generated from the order with the cost of producing the shelves. The revenue from the special order would be:
1,200 shelves x $26/shelf = $31,200
To calculate the cost of producing the shelves, we need to consider the unit variable cost and the packaging cost. The unit variable cost is $27 per shelf, but we know that the $1.50 packaging cost won't apply in this case. Therefore, the cost per shelf will be $27 - $1.50 = $25.50. The total cost of producing 1,200 shelves will be:
1,200 shelves x $25.50/shelf = $30,600
To calculate the profit, we subtract the cost from the revenue:
$31,200 - $30,600 = $600
Therefore, the profit from the special order will be $600. Since this is a positive number, accepting the special order will increase profits.
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Amy invested $500 per month in a 401k that earned 6% annual return for 40 years. Hank invested $1,000 per month in a 401k that also earned 6% annual return, but for 20 years. Which of the following would be true? Amy's balance would be greater than Hank's in the end.O Amy's balance is $5,142 and Hank's balance is $3,207. O Hank's balance would be greater than Amy's in the end.O The investment and balance would be the same in the end. O None of these are true.
Amy's balance would be greater than Hank's in the end. This is because Amy invested for a longer period of time (40 years vs. 20 years) and still earned the same annual return of 6%. This allowed her money to compound and grow more over time.
Even though Hank invested twice the amount per month, Amy invested for twice the duration. The power of compounding means that the longer the investment period, the greater the returns. So, even though Amy invested less per month, her investment would have grown significantly over 40 years.
Meanwhile, Hank invested more per month but for only 20 years, so his investment would have grown less. Therefore, Amy's balance is expected to be greater than Hank's in the end.
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shareen always starts her staff meetings at exactly 8:00 a.m., and all employees are expected to be there on time. if someone is late, they are chastised for holding everyone else up. however, shareen has been late for the last two meetings, and no one made any comments about it. this is due to .
The reason why no one made any comments about Shareen being late for the last two meetings could be because of a few possible reasons. One possibility is that Shareen had valid reasons for being late, and the employees understood and empathized with her situation.
Another possibility is that the employees did notice Shareen's tardiness, but chose not to say anything because they did not want to create a confrontational or uncomfortable situation. Alternatively, it is possible that the employees did not notice or care about Shareen's lateness, and therefore did not feel the need to comment on it. Regardless of the reason, it is important for managers to lead by example and adhere to the same standards and expectations that they have for their employees.
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on january 1, year 1, ocean enterprises issued bonds with a face value of $60,000, a stated rate of interest of 8% and a five-year term to maturity. interest is payable in cash on december 31 of each year. the effective rate of interest was 9% at the time the bonds were issued, so bonds sold for $57,666. ocean enterprises uses the effective interest rate method to amortize bond discount. based on this information, the amount of the discount amortized in year 1 equals .
The amount of the discount amortized in year 1 is $5,704.97.
To calculate the discount amortized in year 1, we need to first calculate the amount of discount on the bonds.
The discount on the bonds can be calculated as the difference between the face value of the bonds and the amount they were sold for:
Discount = Face Value - Selling Price
Discount = $60,000 - $57,666
Discount = $2,334
Now, we can use the effective interest rate method to amortize the discount. Under this method, the discount is amortized over the life of the bonds by applying the effective interest rate to the carrying value of the bonds.
The carrying value of the bonds at the beginning of year 1 would be the same as the selling price of the bonds, which is $57,666.
The effective interest rate for the first year can be calculated as follows:
Effective Interest Rate = Discount Rate / (1 - Discount Rate)
Effective Interest Rate = 9% / (1 - 9%)
Effective Interest Rate = 9.89%
The discount amortized in year 1 can be calculated as follows:
Discount Amortized in Year 1 = Carrying Value at Beginning of Year 1 x Effective Interest Rate for Year 1
Discount Amortized in Year 1 = $57,666 x 9.89%
Discount Amortized in Year 1 = $5,704.97
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Using a two period binomial model, compute the value of a 6 month American put option on a sugar futures contract where the current futures price is $12/1b, the strike price is $14/lb., the annual interest rate is 10% and the volatility of the futures price is 40%. To compute u and d use the following formula: (When we get to the Black- Scholes formula, I'll explain why.) U = eVT/N d=1/4 ii. What is the value of an otherwise identical European call? iii. Without using the binomial model, determine the value of a European put.
American put option = 1.098 and d = 1/4; At the root node, option value = $1.83/lb; we get a value of $0.77/lb. European call; we get a value of $1.54/lb. for the European put.
To compute the value of a 6-month American put option on a sugar futures contract using a two-period binomial model, we first need to calculate the values of u and d. Using the given formula, we have U = e^(0.4*0.5/2) = 1.098 and d = 1/4.
Next, we can construct the binomial tree with two periods and calculate the option values at each node. Starting from the end nodes, we have a payoff of $2/lb. at the upper node and $0/lb. at the lower node. Moving up the tree, we can calculate the option values at each node using the risk-neutral probability and the discounted expected value of the two possible outcomes. At the root node, the option value is $1.83/lb.
For an otherwise identical European call option, we can use the Black-Scholes formula to calculate the option value. The formula takes into account the same inputs as the binomial model, including the current futures price, strike price, time to expiration, interest rate, and volatility. Using the formula, we get a value of $0.77/lb. for the European call.
To determine the value of a European put option without using the binomial model, we can also use the Black-Scholes formula. However, we need to make some adjustments to the formula to account for the put option's unique characteristics. Specifically, we need to subtract the strike price from the current futures price and discount the result using the risk-free interest rate. Using the formula, we get a value of $1.54/lb. for the European put.
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rocky owns and operates balboa's gym located in philadelphia. the following transactions occur for the month of october: 1. october 2 receive membership dues for the month of october totaling $7,900. 2. october 5 issue common stock in exchange for cash, $11,000. 3. october 9 purchase additional boxing equipment for $9,000, paying one-half of the amount in cash and issuing a note payable to the seller for the other one-half due by the end of the year. 4. october 12 pay $1,400 for advertising regarding a special membership rate available during the month of october. 5. october 19 pay dividends to stockholders, $3,800. 6. october 22 pay liability insurance to cover accidents to members for the next six months, starting november 1, $6,000. 7. october 25 receive cash in advance for november memberships, $5,000. 8. october 30 receive, but do not pay, utilities bill for the month, $4,600. 9. october 31 pay employees' salaries for the month, $6,700. 3. assume the balance of cash at the beginning of october is $16,000. post each cash transaction to the cash t-account.
The Cash T-Account with the given transactions posted in the month of October are as follows:
Date Transaction Debit Credit Balance
Oct 1 Membership dues received $7,900 $23,900
Oct 5 Issued common stock $11,000 $12,900
Oct 9 Purchased additional equipment $4,500 $4,500 $8,400
Oct 12 Paid for advertising $1,400 $7,000
Oct 19 Paid dividends $3,800 $3,200
Oct 22 Paid liability insurance $6,000 $200
Oct 25 Received cash in advance $5,000 $5,200
Oct 30 Utilities bill received $4,600 $600
Oct 31 Paid employees' salaries $6,700 ($6,100)
Note that negative balance in the final balance for October 31st means that the company had negative cash at the end of the month, which is not a desirable situation.
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Tomas and Saturn are partners who share income in the ratio of 3:1. Their capital balances are $40,000 and $60,000 respectively. Income summary has a credit balance of $20,000. What is Saturn's capital balance after closing income summary to capital?
Tomas and Saturn are partners who share income in a ratio of 3:1. The income summary has a credit balance of $20,000, which represents the total income that needs to be distributed to both partners based on their income sharing ratio.
Hi! I'd be happy to help with your question. First, we'll calculate the income shares for Tomas and Saturn. The sum of the ratio is 3+1=4. Tomas receives 3/4 of the income, while Saturn receives 1/4. Now, let's distribute the $20,000 income:Tomas' share: (3/4) * $20,000 = $15,000
Saturn's share: (1/4) * $20,000 = $5,000
To find Saturn's capital balance after closing the income summary to capital, add Saturn's share of the income to his initial capital balance:Initial capital balance: $60,000
Saturn's income share: $5,000
Saturn's capital balance after closing income summary to capital = $60,000 + $5,000 = $65,000
So, Saturn's capital balance after closing the income summary to capital is $65,000.
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3. A) What are the main types of renewable energy available is Oman? B) Write a note on 2 ongoing renewable projects in Oman supported by the government. 5 Marks
A) Oman has vast potential for renewable energy, with a focus on solar and wind power. The main types of renewable energy available in Oman include solar power, wind power, and hydropower. Solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy source, and Oman has vast areas with high solar radiation, making it an ideal location for solar projects. Wind power is also a promising source of renewable energy in Oman, with the country's coastal areas providing ideal conditions for wind turbines. Hydropower is another source of renewable energy, but its potential is limited in Oman due to the country's arid climate.
B) The Omani government has been actively supporting renewable energy projects to reduce the country's dependence on fossil fuels and promote sustainable development. Two ongoing renewable projects supported by the government are:
1. Dhofar Wind Power Project: This project aims to develop a wind farm in the Dhofar Governorate, with a total capacity of 50 MW. The project is being implemented by Oman Power and Water Procurement Company (OPWP) and is expected to be operational by 2023. The wind farm will contribute to reducing carbon emissions and meet the growing demand for electricity in the Dhofar region.
2. Solar Power Plant in Ibri: The Ibri Solar Power Plant is a 500 MW photovoltaic (PV) power plant being built in the Al Dhahirah Governorate. The project is being developed by the Oman Power and Water Procurement Company (OPWP) and is expected to be completed by 2024. The solar plant will be one of the largest in the world and will provide clean energy to meet the growing demand for electricity in Oman. The project will also create jobs and boost economic growth in the region.
Overall, Oman's renewable energy projects are expected to contribute to reducing carbon emissions and promote sustainable development, while creating new opportunities for economic growth and job creation. In addition to renewable energy, conservation efforts are also crucial to preserving Oman's natural resources and promoting sustainability.
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the effort that a person devotes to a task for which the person is paid
The effort a person devotes to a task for which they are paid refers to the amount of energy, concentration, and determination they invest in performing their job responsibilities. This effort can be both physical and mental, depending on the nature of the task.
A person's effort can directly impact the quality and efficiency of their work. A higher level of effort often results in better performance and increased productivity, which can lead to job satisfaction, career growth, and potential monetary rewards. On the other hand, a lack of effort can cause subpar performance, dissatisfaction from employers and clients, and possibly even job loss. It is essential for individuals to maintain a balance between the effort they devote to their paid tasks and other aspects of their lives, such as personal health, relationships, and leisure activities. Finding this balance helps ensure that a person remains engaged and motivated in their work while also enjoying a fulfilling personal life. In summary, the effort a person dedicates to a paid task is a critical component of their job performance and overall well-being. Striking a balance between work and personal life, as well as consistently applying oneself to achieve the best possible results, is crucial for success and satisfaction in one's career.
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Assume that the required reserve ratio is set at 0. 25. What is the value of the money (deposit) multiplier?
The money multiplier is the reciprocal of the required reserve ratio. Therefore, if the required reserve ratio is 0.25, the money multiplier can be calculated as follows:
Money multiplier = 1/required reserve ratio
Money multiplier = 1/0.25
Money multiplier = 4
Therefore, the value of the money (deposit) multiplier is 4. This means that for every $1 increase in the reserves held by banks, the money supply will increase by $4 due to the creation of new loans and deposits.
The bank can create up to $4 in new loans. This illustrates the impact that changes in the required reserve ratio can have on the money supply in the economy.
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For each of the independent situations described below select the appropriate inherent risk factor described and the effect (overstatement or understatement) of the inherent risk factor on the company’s net income using the following: Risk factors: Complexity Estimate Volume Industry Susceptibility to theft Situation Inherent Risk Factor Effect of Inherent Risk Factor on Company’s Net Income a. Sales orders for a textbook distributor have increased 100% over the last year. Additionally, the company’s inventory turnover has doubled since the previous year. b. Gold Miner, Inc. has gold mines in a number of states. To hedge the price of its gold inventory, Gold Miner purchases gold futures contracts. The fair value of gold has declined significantly in the last few months. c. Metal, Inc. supplies copper pipes to home builders. During year 1, copper prices doubled. At any given time, a significant amount of inventory is in transit or located at job sites. d. Joe’s Computers provides three-year money-back warranties on all laptops. During year 1, warranty claims decreased significantly and the company has not reduced the warranty reserve. e. Global Co. imports most of its products from a foreign supplier. During year 1, a new technology made part of the Global Co. inventory obsolete. ________________________________________
For each independent situation, I will identify the appropriate inherent risk factor and its effect on the company's net income:
a. Sales orders for a textbook distributor have increased 100% over the last year, and inventory turnover has doubled. The inherent risk factor here is Volume, and it may lead to an overstatement of the company's net income due to increased sales and inventory turnover.
b. Gold Miner, Inc. has gold mines in various states and uses gold futures contracts to hedge gold inventory prices. The fair value of gold has declined significantly recently. The inherent risk factor is Complexity, which may lead to an overstatement or understatement of net income depending on how the company values its gold inventory and hedges.
c. Metal, Inc. supplies copper pipes to home builders, and copper prices doubled during year 1. A significant amount of inventory is in transit or at job sites. The inherent risk factor is Industry, and it may lead to an overstatement of net income due to the increased value of copper inventory.
d. Joe's Computers offers three-year money-back warranties on laptops. Warranty claims decreased significantly during year 1, and the company hasn't reduced the warranty reserve. The inherent risk factor is Estimate, and it may lead to an overstatement of net income since the company hasn't reduced the warranty reserve despite decreased claims.
e. Global Co. imports products from a foreign supplier, and during year 1, new technology made part of its inventory obsolete. The inherent risk factor is Susceptibility to theft, and it may lead to an understatement of net income due to the obsolescence of inventory.
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5-Raymond made his annual RSP contribution of $3716 and decided to use the proceeds to purchase a Labour Sponsored Venture Capital Corporation. He lives in a province with a 14% provincial LSVCC tax credit and his marginal tax rate is 30%. What will Raymond's total tax refund be on this RSP contribution and purchase?Please provide answer to 2 decimal places (e.g. 1234.56)
Raymond's RSP contribution of $3716 will reduce his taxable income by the same amount, resulting in a tax savings of $1114.80 (30% of $3716). Additionally, since he purchased a Labour Sponsored Venture Capital Corporation, he is eligible for a provincial tax credit of 14% of the amount invested, which is $520.24 (14% of $3716). Therefore, his total tax refund will be the sum of these two amounts, which is $1635.04 ($1114.80 + $520.24).
To calculate Raymond's total tax refund on his RSP contribution and LSVCC purchase, we need to consider both the tax savings from the RSP contribution and the tax credit from the LSVCC purchase.
1. RSP contribution tax savings: $3716 * 30% = $1114.80
2. LSVCC tax credit: $3716 * 14% = $519.24
Now, let's add both amounts to find the total tax refund:
Total tax refund = RSP tax savings + LSVCC tax credit
Total tax refund = $1114.80 + $519.24 = $1634.04
Raymond's total tax refund will be $1634.04.
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If a country has a population of 1000, an area of 100 square miles, and a GDP of $5000000 then its GDP per capita is:
A.
$500.
B.
$5,000.
C.
$50,000.
D.
$5,000,000.
E.
$50.
If a country has a population of 1000, an area of 100 square miles, and a GDP of $5000000 then its GDP per capita is $5,000.
The GDP per capita of a country is calculated by dividing the country's total GDP by its population. In this case, the country's GDP is $5,000,000 and its population is 1000. Therefore, the GDP per capita can be calculated as:
$5,000,000 ÷ 1000 = $5000
So the correct answer is B. $5,000. This means that on average, each person in the country contributes $5,000 to the country's total economic output. It's important to note that GDP per capita is not a measure of individual wealth or income distribution within a country, but rather an indicator of the country's overall economic health and productivity.
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The correct answer is B. $5,000. GDP per capita is calculated by dividing the GDP of a country by its population. In this case, the GDP of the country is $5,000,000 and its population is 1000. Therefore, the GDP per capita is $5,000 ($5,000,000 divided by 1000).
It's important to note that GDP per capita is often used as an indicator of a country's standard of living. However, it doesn't necessarily reflect the distribution of wealth within the country. In other words, a high GDP per capita doesn't necessarily mean that all citizens are wealthy or have a high standard of living. Additionally, it's important to consider other factors such as income inequality, access to healthcare, education, and other basic necessities when evaluating the overall well-being of a population. GDP per capita is just one piece of the puzzle when it comes to understanding a country's economy and the quality of life of its citizens.
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Monthly contests constitute a _____ strategy.
personal selling.
advertising.
public relations/publicity.
sales promotions
Monthly contests constitute a sales promotion strategy. Sales promotions are short-term tactics used by businesses to encourage customers to buy their products or services.
The purpose of sales promotions is to boost sales, increase brand awareness, and create customer loyalty. Monthly contests are a popular type of sales promotion that businesses use to incentivize customers to engage with their brand. These contests often require customers to complete a specific action, such as making a purchase or sharing content on social media, in order to be entered into a drawing to win a prize. By offering a prize, businesses can create excitement and encourage participation in the contest. Sales promotions like monthly contests can be effective in driving short-term sales and creating buzz around a product or service. However, they should be used in conjunction with other marketing strategies, such as advertising and personal selling, to create a comprehensive marketing plan.
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The parameters for the week 7 project deliverable are as follows . The firm is looking to expand its operations by 10% of the firm's net property, plant, and equipment. (Calculate this amount by taking 10% of the property, plant, and equipment figure that appears on the firm's balance sheet) • The estimated life of this new property, plant, and equipment will be 12 years. The salvage value of the equipment will be 5% of the property, plant and equipment's cost • The annual EBIT for this new project will be 18% of the project's cost • The company will use the straight-line method to depreciate this equipment. Also assume that there will be no increases in not working capital each year, Uso 35% as the tax rate in this project • The burdle rate for this project will be the WACC that you are able to find on a financial website, such as Gurufocus.com. If you are unable to find the WACC for a company, contact your instructor. He or she will assign you a WACC rato, Signature Assignment Deliverables . Prepare a narrated PowerPoint presentation that will highlight the following items. Your calculations for the amount of property, plant, and equipment and the annual depreciation for the project Your calculations that convert the project's EBIT to free cash flow for the 12 years of the project • The following capital budgeting results for the project Net present value Internal rate of return Discounted payback period • Your discussion of the results that you calculated above, including a recommendation for acceptance or rejection of the project Once again, you may embed your Excel spreadsheets into your document. Be sure to follow APA standards for this project.
We must subtract 10% from the total amount of property, plant, and equipment listed on the company's balance sheet to determine this sum. Let's assume that the cost of the property, plant, and equipment is $500,000. This sum would be $10,000, or $50,000. This is the sum that the company plans to invest in new machinery.The salvage value of the equipment will be 5% of the property, plant, and equipment cost.
The estimated life of the new property, plant, and equipment will be 12 years. T If we assume that the cost of the new equipment is $50,000, then the salvage value would be $2,500 (5% of $50,000).
The annual EBIT for this new project will be 18% of the project's cost. If we assume the cost of the new equipment is $50,000, then the annual EBIT would be $9,000 (18% of $50,000).
The company will use the straight-line method to depreciate this equipment. This means that the annual depreciation expense will be the cost of the equipment minus the salvage value divided by the estimated life of the equipment. Using the numbers from above, the annual depreciation expense would be ($50,000 - $2,500) / 12 = $4,167.
Assuming a tax rate of 35%, we can calculate the free cash flow for the project. To do this, we would take the annual EBIT of $9,000, subtract the annual depreciation expense of $4,167, and multiply by (1 - 0.35). This would give us a free cash flow of $3,224.
To calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of the project, we would discount the free cash flows to present value using the company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The internal rate of return (IRR) is the rate at which the project's NPV equals zero. The discounted payback period is the amount of time it takes for the project's discounted cash inflows to equal its initial investment.
After calculating the capital budgeting results, we can recommend whether to accept or reject the project based on whether the NPV is positive or negative. If the NPV is positive, the project should be accepted. If the NPV is negative, the project should be rejected. We should also consider other factors such as the company's strategic goals and available resources before making a final decision.
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Use the balance sheet for the Bank of the Economists where all economists go to bank to answer the questions below. Assume the required reserve ratio is 20%.
Bank of the Economists Balance Sheet
Assets Liabilities and net worth
Reserves $125,000 Loans $375,000 Liabilities: Checking deposits $500,000
Treasury securities $100,000 Net worth $100,000
A. What are the Bank of the Economists' required reserves? $_____
B. What are its current excess reserves? Enter zero if it has no excess reserves. $_____
C. What is the maximum amount in additional loans that can the bank can make? Enter zero if it cannot make any additional loans at this time. $_____
The Bank of the Economists can make up to $60,000 in additional loans at this time, assuming it has no excess reserves. In this case, the required reserve ratio is 20%, which means that the Bank of the Economists must hold $20,000 in reserve for every $100,000 in deposits.
Given that the bank has net worth of $100,000, we can assume that its deposits are also $100,000. This means that the bank must hold $20,000 in reserve, leaving it with $80,000 in deposits that it can potentially loan out.
To determine the current excess reserves, we need to subtract the required reserves from the bank's total reserves. In this case, we do not have any information about the bank's total reserves, so we cannot calculate its excess reserves.
However, we can calculate the maximum amount in additional loans that the bank can make. Since the bank has $80,000 in deposits available for lending, and the required reserve ratio is 20%, we can calculate the maximum amount of loans as follows: Maximum loans = $60,000
Therefore, the Bank of the Economists can make up to $60,000 in additional loans at this time, assuming it has no excess reserves.
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PQR Corporation has taxable income before DRD of $60,000 that includes a dividend of $10,000 from a large publicly-traded domestic corporation. What is the tax liability of PQR Corporation? Multiple Choice $11,235. $12,600 $10,500. $11,500.
Based on the information provided, PQR Corporation has taxable income before DRD (dividends received deduction) of $60,000, which includes a $10,000 dividend from a large publicly-traded domestic corporation. The tax liability of PQR Corp will be option D i.e. $11,500.
Here is the step-by-step calculation:
1. Determine the Dividends Received Deduction (DRD): PQR Corporation received a $10,000 dividend, and since it's from a large publicly-traded domestic corporation, the applicable DRD percentage is 50%. Thus, DRD = $10,000 * 50% = $5,000.
2. Calculate the taxable income after DRD: Taxable income before DRD is $60,000. Subtract the DRD to get the taxable income after DRD: $60,000 - $5,000 = $55,000.
3. Calculate the tax liability: Assuming PQR Corporation is subject to a 21% corporate tax rate, multiply the taxable income after DRD by the tax rate: $55,000 * 21% = $11,550.
The tax liability of PQR Corporation is $11,550. The correct multiple choice answer would be closest to $11,500 i.e. option D.
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Cornerstone Exercise 6-19 (Algorithmic) Applying the Cost of Goods Sold Model Hempstead Company, has the following data for 2019: Item Units Cost Inventory, 12/31/2018 990 $10,890 Purchases 4,510 49,610 Inventory, 12/31/2019 720 6,680 Required: 1. How many units were sold? 2. Using the cost of goods sold model, determine the cost of goods sold.
The cost of goods sold for Hempstead Company for 2019 is $53,384. To determine the cost of goods sold (COGS) using the cost of goods sold model, we need to calculate the change in inventory from the beginning of the year to the end of the year.
In this case, the inventory decreased from 990 units to 720 units. Therefore, we can calculate the number of units sold as follows:
Units sold = Beginning inventory + Purchases - Ending inventory
Units sold = 990 + 4,510 - 720 = 4,780
Thus, the company sold 4,780 units during the year.
To calculate the cost of goods sold, we need to multiply the number of units sold by the cost per unit. The cost per unit can be calculated as follows:
Cost per unit = Cost of goods available for sale / Total units available for sale
Cost per unit = (10,890 + 49,610) / (990 + 4,510) = 11.18
Using this cost per unit, we can calculate the cost of goods sold as follows:
Cost of goods sold = Units sold x Cost per unit
Cost of goods sold = 4,780 x 11.18 = $53,384.
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a. calculate the ocf. (do not round intermediate calculations.) b. what is the depreciation tax shield? (do not round intermediate calculations.)
OCF (Operating Cash Flow) is the cash generated from a company's regular business operations. It's an important indicator of a company's financial health.
b. Depreciation Tax Shield is the reduction in taxable income resulting from depreciation expenses. It allows companies to save on taxes by deducting the depreciation expense from their taxable income.
Now, let's calculate the OCF and Depreciation Tax Shield:
Step 1: Determine the necessary financial figures from the given problem. You'll need EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes), taxes, and depreciation expenses.
Step 2: Calculate the OCF. The formula for OCF is:
OCF = EBIT + Depreciation - Taxes
Plug in the EBIT, Depreciation, and Taxes values from Step 1 and perform the calculations.
Step 3: Calculate the Depreciation Tax Shield. The formula for the Depreciation Tax Shield is as follows:
Depreciation Tax Shield = Depreciation Expense × Tax Rate
Use the Depreciation Expense and Tax Rate values from Step 1 and perform the calculations.
In conclusion, to calculate the OCF, you need to find the EBIT, Depreciation, and Taxes and use the OCF formula. To find the Depreciation Tax Shield, use the Depreciation Tax Shield formula with the Depreciation Expense and Tax Rate. These calculations help businesses understand their cash flow and tax savings, which are essential for financial planning and growth.
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Suppose the following list of events describes all of the economic activity resulting from an increase in government spending. Suppose that at each step after the initial one, the marginal propensity to consume is 0.85 and the tax rate is 20%. Step 0. The government spends $8000 on meat to host a very large dinner for foreign diplomats. Step A. The butcher takes the income earned by selling the meat, saves some, and spends the rest on a wedding cake for his daughter. Step B. The baker who produced the wedding cake saves some of her earnings and uses the rest to purchase beautiful candlesticks as gifts for all of her friends. Step C. The local candlestick maker saves some of his revenue for retirement and spends the rest on building materials to improve his house. Instructions: Modify the settings in the interactive tool to represent this event. Then click "Spending Rounds and use the table to answer the following questions. Round answers to the nearest cent, if necessary. How much does the baker earn for selling the cake? $ wwwwwww. How much does the candlestick maker spend on building materials? $(
Based on the given scenario, the initial government spending is $8000.
Step A: The butcher receives this income and saves some of it, which means he spends the rest. As the marginal propensity to consume is 0.85, he spends 0.85($8000) = $6800 on a wedding cake for his daughter.
Step B: The baker receives this income of $6800 for selling the cake. She saves some of it and spends the rest on beautiful candlesticks for her friends. So, she spends 0.85($6800) = $5780 on candlesticks.
Step C: The candlestick maker receives this income of $5780 and saves some of it, which means he spends the rest. He spends 0.85($5780) = $4913 on building materials for his house.
Therefore, the baker earns $6800 for selling the cake, and the candlestick maker spends $4913 on building materials.
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consider scratch cupcakery... ingredients such as sugar and butter would be examples of _____ costs.
Scratch Cupcakery, ingredients like sugar and butter would be examples of variable costs.
Variable costs are expenses that change in proportion to the production volume or the quantity of goods being produced. In this case, as the number of cupcakes produced increases, the amount of sugar and butter needed for production will also increase accordingly.
These costs directly impact the total production cost, as they fluctuate with changes in the quantity of output. For instance, if the cupcake business experiences high demand, the cost of ingredients will rise as more sugar and butter are needed to meet the increased production. Conversely, if demand is low, fewer ingredients will be needed, and the variable costs will decrease.
It is essential for businesses like Scratch Cupcakery to carefully monitor and manage their variable costs to ensure profitability and efficient use of resources. Proper planning and inventory management can help the business predict and control these costs, ultimately contributing to a stable and successful operation.
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Which is a trait that cannot be taught through the JATC or O-J-T?
A trait that cannot be taught through the Joint Apprenticeship and Training Committee (JATC) or On-the-Job Training (O-J-T) is an individual's innate personality or inherent characteristics. These are aspects of a person that are present from birth and typically cannot be significantly altered through training or education.
JATC and O-J-T programs are designed to teach technical skills, knowledge, and proper work practices in a specific trade or profession. They provide hands-on experience, guidance from experienced professionals, and structured learning opportunities. While these training programs can improve a person's abilities, work ethic, and understanding of their chosen field, they cannot change an individual's inherent traits.
Examples of such inherent traits include a person's temperament, natural aptitudes, and certain aspects of their work style. For instance, traits such as empathy, introversion or extroversion, and innate problem-solving abilities are all deeply ingrained characteristics that are difficult, if not impossible, to teach or modify through training programs like JATC or O-J-T.
In conclusion, while JATC and O-J-T programs can significantly enhance a person's skills and knowledge in their chosen trade, they cannot teach or alter inherent traits that are deeply ingrained in an individual's personality.
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3.marley is a resident of a state that recently enacted a long-term care partnership program. marley purchases a partnership0policy that provides a lifetime benefit of $75,000; the total amount of premiums she paid for the policy amounted to $3,500.at the time she bought the policy, the value of all of her countable assets was $120,000. assuming marley exhausts the benefits of her policy and qualifies for medicaid, what is the additional asset disregard and asset protection that her partnership participation will grant her?
The long-term care partnership program is designed to encourage people to purchase long-term care insurance by providing them with additional asset protection if they exhaust the benefits of their policy and need to apply for Medicaid.
In Marley's case, because she purchased a partnership policy, she will be eligible for additional asset disregard and protection.
The amount of additional asset disregard and protection that Marley will receive depends on the specific rules of her state's partnership program. However, as a general rule, the value of her policy will be disregarded when determining her eligibility for Medicaid.
This means that the $ 75,000-lifetime benefit from her policy will not be counted as an asset when determining Her Medicaid eligibility.
In addition to the asset disregard, Marley will also be granted asset protection equal to the amount of benefits she received from her policy.
This means that if she exhausts the $75,000 lifetime benefit from her policy and still needs Medicaid assistance, she will be allowed to keep assets equal to that amount without being subject to Medicaid's asset limits.
For example, if Marley's countable assets at the time she needs Medicaid assistance total $50,000, she would normally be required to spend down her assets to $2,000 (the asset limit for Medicaid eligibility in most states).
However, because she participated in the partnership program and received $75,000 in benefits from her policy, she will be allowed to keep $75,000 in assets in addition to the $2,000 limit, for a total of $77,000 in protected assets.
Overall, Marley's participation in the long-term care partnership program will provide her with significant asset protection and will help her to avoid spending down her assets in order to qualify for Medicaid.
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Megan operates a housecleaning business as a sole proprietorship. She oversees a team of 10 cleaning personnel, markets the business, and provides supplies and equipment. The business has been generating net taxable profits of $50,000 per year, before considering the QBI deduction. As a sole proprietor, Megan qualifies for the 20 percent deduction, reducing taxable income from the business to $40,000.
a. Assume that Megan’s marginal tax rate on ordinary income is 35 percent and that she has no pressing need for cash flow from this business. Should Megan consider incorporating and operating the business through a C corporation? Fill the below table to justify your answers. (Ignore any payroll or self-employment tax considerations.)
a) Income tax liability if operated as a C corporation? ______________
Income tax savings? _________________
Should Megan consider incorporating and operating the business through a C corporation? _____________
b) How would your conclusion in part a change if Megan's marginal tax rate were only 28%?
Megan's housecleaning business generates net taxable profits of $50,000 per year and being a sole proprietor, the taxable income reduced to $40,000 owing to 20% allowed deduction. Based on this, the questions can be answered as below.
a) Income tax liability if operated as a C corporation:
- Corporate tax rate is 21%.
- Taxable income: $50,000
- Income tax liability: $50,000 * 21% = $10,500
Income tax savings:
- Taxable income as a sole proprietor (after QBI deduction): $40,000
- Income tax liability as a sole proprietor: $40,000 * 35% = $14,000
- Income tax savings: $14,000 (sole proprietor) - $10,500 (C corporation) = $3,500
Should Megan consider incorporating and operating the business through a C corporation?
- Yes, since there are income tax savings of $3,500.
b) If Megan's marginal tax rate were only 28%:
- Income tax liability as a sole proprietor: $40,000 * 28% = $11,200
- Income tax savings: $11,200 (sole proprietor) - $10,500 (C corporation) = $700
In this case, the income tax savings are significantly lower at $700. Megan should consider other factors such as legal and administrative costs, as well as long-term financial planning before deciding whether to incorporate as a C corporation.
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consider an industry that is made up of nine firms each with a marketshare (percent of sales) as follows firm a 35% firm b 20% firms c and d15% what is the four firm concentration ratio
The four firm concentration ratio is a measure that helps to determine the level of competition in a market. It is calculated by adding the market share (percent of sales) of the four largest firms in the industry. In this case, the four largest firms are firms a, b, c, and d, whose market shares are 35%, 20%, 15%, and 15% respectively. When we add these market shares, we get a total of 85%. Therefore, the four firm concentration ratio in this industry is 85%.
This means that the industry is highly concentrated, as the four largest firms control a significant portion of the market. This can have both positive and negative effects on the industry and consumers. On one hand, the high level of concentration could result in increased efficiency and economies of scale, which could lead to lower prices for consumers. On the other hand, the lack of competition could lead to higher prices and reduced innovation.
Overall, the four firm concentration ratio is an important measure that helps to assess the level of competition in a market. In this case, the high concentration ratio suggests that the industry is dominated by a few large firms, which could have implications for both consumers and industry players.
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According to the FTC, marketing and sales messages must
A) offer an alternative if the advertised product is not available.
B) include a product reviewer's name on all reviews.
C) not be offensive or insulting.
D) include opt-in choices.
E) be free of implied claims.
According to the FTC, marketing and sales messages must meet certain requirements to ensure that consumers are not misled or deceived. option D is correct.) include opt-in choices.
Firstly, if a product that is advertised is not available, the message must offer an alternative. This means that the advertisement cannot simply state that the product is sold out, but must suggest other similar products that the consumer can consider instead.
Secondly, all reviews must include the name of the product reviewer. This helps to ensure that reviews are genuine and not simply made up to promote a product.
Thirdly, marketing and sales messages must not be offensive or insulting. This means that they cannot discriminate against any group of people or use derogatory language.
Fourthly, consumers must have the option to opt-in or opt-out of any promotional messages. This means that they must be given the choice to receive or not receive future marketing and sales messages.
Finally, marketing and sales messages must be free of implied claims. This means that any claims made in the advertisement must be explicit and supported by evidence. Implied claims are those that are suggested but not stated outright.
In summary, the FTC has set out specific requirements that marketing and sales messages must meet to ensure that consumers are not misled or deceived. By following these guidelines, companies can build trust with their customers and promote their products and services in an ethical and responsible way.
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you have an investment horizon of 6 years. you choose to hold a bond with a duration of 10 years. your realized rate of return will be larger than the promised yield on the bond if .
If interest rates increase during the 6-year investment horizon, your realized rate of return will be larger than the promised yield on the bond. This is because as interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and since you hold a bond with a longer duration, it will experience a greater decline in price.
If the yield curve steepens or interest rates rise, the bond's price will decline, resulting in a capital loss. If the yield curve flattens or interest rates decline, the bond's price will rise, resulting in a capital gain.
The realized rate of return will be larger than the promised yield on the bond if interest rates decline, causing the bond's price to increase more than the yield's initial reduction. In other words, the realized rate of return will be higher if the decline in interest rates is greater than what was expected at the time of the bond purchase.
This is because the bond's duration, which is a measure of the bond's sensitivity to interest rate changes, assumes that interest rates remain constant. If interest rates change, the bond's price and yield will change in the opposite direction, and the bond's duration will change as well. Therefore, if interest rates decline, the bond's price will increase more than its duration would predict, resulting in a higher realized rate of return than the promised yield on the bond.
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Pharoah lighting had a beginning inventory of 26 units at a cost of $7 per unit on august 1. During the month, the following purchases and sales were made
Purchases Sales August 5 31 units at $ 8 August 2 21 units August 11 41 units at $ 9 August 10 26 units August 23 36 units at $ 10 August 19 56 units August 21 26 units
1. Ending inventory FIFO LIFO
50 35
2. Cost of goods sold 1109 1124
Unit Cost Amount
Beginning 26 7 182
Aug 5 31 8 248
Aug 11 41 9 369
Aug 23 36 10 360
Total 134 1159
Less: Units Sold 129
Ending Inventory 5
Ending stock is a resource, not a cost. The cost of the inventory is recognized as an expense when it is sold, and the sum is added to the company's cost of goods sold (COGS) for the time period. The value of the items that a company has available for sale at the end of a certain accounting period is known as ending inventory, often referred to as closing inventory. Understanding ending inventories is advantageous for businesses across practically all economic sectors.
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