1.72*10^-9
On an empty capacitor, there is no dielectric so E= 8.85E-12
C=EA/(d)
c is capacitance, A is area , d is distance between the parallel plate and E is dielectric constant.
C=(8.85E-12 c2/Nm2)(0.535m2)/ (2.75*10^-3m)
C= 1.72*10^-9
Capacitance is the ability of a dielectric to hold or store an electric charge.Dielectric constant is a factor that indicates the ability of an insulator to concentrate electric flux, also known as relative permittivityDielectric strength is the ability of a dielectric to withstand a potential difference without internal arcingDielectric absorption is the nability of a campacitor to discharge completely to zero. This is sometimes called battery action or capacitor memory.To know more about capacitance visit : https://brainly.com/question/14746225
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Please answer asap
Physics
What is the length of this tube if its fundamental frequency equals a typical speech frequency of 250 hz? the speed of sound in the warm air is 350 m/s.
The length of the tube is 0.25 m.
Frequency is defined as the number of waves that pass through a point in a unit of time. Energy and frequency are directly proportional to each other. It means with an increase in energy, frequency also increases. The SI unit of frequency is hertz. Hertz is denoted by the symbol Hz.
The formula of frequency is,
[tex]frequency= \frac{1}{Time \: period} [/tex]
[tex]f = \frac{1}{T} [/tex]
Frequency of the tube = 250 Hz
Speed of the sound in the warm air = 350 m/s
The length of the tube is,
[tex]Frequency = \frac{Velocity}{Length}[/tex]
[tex]f = \frac{ V}{4L}[/tex]
[tex]L = \frac{ V}{4f}[/tex]
[tex]L = \frac{350}{4 \times 250} [/tex]
[tex]L = 0.25 \: m[/tex]
Therefore, the length of the tube is 0.25 m.
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How much heat does it take to increase the temperature of 2.40 molmol of an ideal gas by 50.0 kk near room temperature if the gas is held at constant volume and is diatomic?
The heat required to rise the temperature of 2.40 mol of an ideal gas by 50.0 k near room temperature is 2494.2J
What is Specific heats of ideal gas ?
The amount of energy required to raise a gas's temperature by 1 degree Celsius per mole is known as its molar specific heat. Additionally, the type of thermodynamic process and the molecularity of the gas affect the value of molar specific heat of a gas.
No. of moles , n = 2.40
Temperature rise,
ΔT=50K
For a diatomic gas, molar specific heat at constant volume, Cv =5/2R
therefore, Heat given can be calculated as :
Q =n×Cv×ΔT=2.40×5/2R×50 =2.40×5/2×8.314×50 = 2494.2J
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A friend of yours tells you that electric potential and voltage are the same thing. should you correct her, and if so, how?
I’d correct her in this way.
Electrical potential is the amount of energy acquired or lost per unit of charge when a charge is moved away from a reference point where the potential is assumed to be zero. Voltage is the difference in potential between any two places, where the potential may or may not be zero.
Suppose that point A's potential is 10000 volts and point B's potential is 10100 volts with respect to a stated reference point that is sometimes an infinite distance away. So 100 volts of voltage will exist between B and A.
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11. What a layer of sedimentary rock or soil called
Answer:
Sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers as strata, forming a structure called bedding. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in large structures called sedimentary basins.
Explanation:
Answer: Strata
Explanation: Strata are layers of rock, or sometimes soil. In nature, strata come in many layers. It is a term in sedimentary and historical geology; the singular is stratum. The study of strata is called stratigraphy.
find the total number of free electrons in a circular wafer of single crystal silicon that is 300 µm thick and 15 cm in diameter at t
No of electrons in a circular wafer = 7.948 *10¹⁰
Density of silicon at 300k is =1.5*10¹⁰ electron/cm³
given diameter =15 cms
radius=diameter / 2= 15 /2= 7.5 cms
Thickness =300 um
=300*10⁻⁶m=300*10⁻⁴cm=3*10⁻²cm
Voiume of the circular wafer=Пr²
=П*7.5*7.5*3*10⁻²cm
=П*7.5*7.5*3*10⁻²cm²
number of free electrons in circular wafer =e=ni*v electrons/cm³*cm³
=1.5*10¹⁰*П*7.5*7.5*3*10⁻²
=1.5*П*7.5*7.5*3*10⁸electron
=794.8125*10⁸ electron
=7.948*10⁸ electron.
In the electron cloud version of the atom, an orbital is described because the maximumIn the electron cloud version of the atom, an orbital is described because the maximum probably area of an electron. An atomic orbital is a mathematical time period in atomic idea and quantum mechanics that describes the location and wavelike behaviour of an electron in an atom.
The area and wavelike behavior of an electron in an atom are described mathematically by the phrase "atomic orbital" in the fields of quantum mechanics and atomic theory. It is represented mathematically as a region that has a good chance of harboring electrons.
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A proton in an accelerator attains a speed of 0.845 . what is the magnitude of the momentum of the proton?
The magnitude of the momentum of the proton is 4.233 × 10⁻¹⁹ kg m/sec
Momentum can be calculated by using the formula,
Momentum = Mass × Velocity
For this proton we have,
Mass of proton is a constant = 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ kg
Velocity = 0.845 c, where c is the constant speed of light.
Velocity = 0.845 × 3 × 10⁸
Velocity = 253.5 × 10⁶ m/sec
Substitute with the mass and velocity to calculate the momentum as follows:
Momentum = 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ × 253.5 × 10⁶
Or, momentum = 4.233 × 10⁻¹⁹ kg m/sec
Hence, the momentum of the proton is 4.233 × 10⁻¹⁹ kg m/sec.
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Why is light not classified as a matter?
Answer:
Probably because it's not anytype of solid or liquid and it's not a gas
Explanation:
Consider a sr-71 operating at its maximum service ceiling. what region of the atmosphere is it flying in?
The sr-71 operating at its region of the atmosphere is it flying in -
take into account an sr-seventy one working at its maximum service ceiling.
SR-71 on the top of its carrier ceiling. The troposphere, a layer underneath the stratosphere, is where some army aircraft, which include the SR-71 and the U-2 as a coelos numerous industrial aircraft, fly. "inside the troposphere, the temperature typically falls with altitude seeing that troposphere's gases soak up little or no warmness," says Antuvallyis accurate due to the fact the temperature of the incoming solar radiation rises with altitude within the stratosphere and stays steady in the lower element three. goes-17 is an environmental satellite tv for pc that is intended to function 35,790 kilometers above the earth.To learn more about SR-71 here:-
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Transistors are made from si, but in the past, were made from ge. what elements do these symbols represent?
The symbol Si represent Silicon and the Symbol Ge represents Germanium.
A transistor is a semiconductor device which is used to switch or amplify electrical signals and power. To amplify electric current or to block its passage these transistors are used. Bipolar transistors, Field-effect transistors, and Insulated-gate bipolar transistors are the three types of transistors. The first transistor is the point-contact transistor which is invented in 1947.
Transistors are formed by connecting two diodes back to back. It has got two PN junctions. In the past transistors were made from Germanium and nowadays they are made from very pure Silicon. The symbol Si represent Silicon and the Symbol Ge represents Germanium.
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If the concentration of mercury in a water supply changes from 65 ppm to 7 ppm in a ten-year period, what is the percentage change of the mercury concentration?
The percentage change of the mercury concentration is 89.2 %
We know that,
Percentage change = [ ( Final value - Initial value ) / Initial value ] * 100
Given that,
Initial value = 65 ppm
Final value = 7 ppm
Time = 10 years
Time is not necessary in a percentage calculation because no matter how it took for something to change only the changed quantity matters.
Percentage change = [ ( 7 - 65 ) / 65 ] * 100
= 0.8923 * 100
Percentage change = 89.23 %
In a percentage change initial value is absolute as it cannot be changed.
Therefore, the percentage change of the mercury concentration in a ten year period is 89.2 %
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what is the maximum velocity of an 89.0–kg person bouncing on a bathroom scale having a force constant of 1.63×106 n/m, if the amplitude of the bounce is 0.170 cm?
The maximum velocity of an 89.0 kg person bouncing on a bathroom scale having a force constant of 1.63 x 10^6 N/m is 31.1 m/s.
The above situation represents a case of Simple Harmonic Motion(SHM).
Following are some general equations of SHM :
ω = √k/√m
Here ω is the angular frequency
k is the force constant
m is the mass of the body
And the maximum velocity is given by the formula,
v = ω^2 x A
Where A represents the amplitude
Putting the given values in the above equation,
v = k/m x A
V = 1.63 x 10^6 x 0.17 x 10^-2/ 89
v = 31.1 m/s
Hence, the maximum velocity of an 89.0 kg person bouncing on a bathroom scale having a force constant of 1.63 x 10^6 N/m is 31.1 m/s.
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a string that is under 49.0 n of tension has linear density 4.70 g/m . a sinusoidal wave with amplitude 2.50 cm and wavelength 1.50 m travels along the string.
A string that is under 49.0 n of tension has linear density 4.70 g/m . a sinusoidal wave with amplitude 2.50 cm and wavelength 1.50 m travels along the string is Vmax = 10.675.
To find the maximum velocity, the given values are,
Density = 4.70 g/m
Amplitude = 2.50 cm
Wavelength = 1.50 m
Force = 49 N.
What is sinusoidal wave?Sinusoidal wave in graphical representation of linear projection of an object moving with SHM. Sine Wave Characteristics are, Amplitude Period or frequencyPhaseAmplitude Represents strength or magnitude of vibration over time.Period and Frequency are Inversely related - as period increases (gets longer), frequency decreases (gets lower) - as period decreases (gets shorter), frequency increases (gets higher)velocity of wave v = √t/μ
v = √49/√4.7 * 10^-3
= 102.1 m/s
w = 2 π f
= 2 π (v/λ)
= 2 π (102.1/1.5)
= 427.04
Max speed Vmax = Aw
Vmax = 2.50 * 10^-2 *427.04
Vmax = 10.675
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he sum of internal energy and the term prho, where p represents pressure and rho represents density, gives the .
In thermodynamics, the internal energy is the quality or state function that characterizes a substance's energy when capillary effects and other external magnetic, electric, and other fields are not present.
The entire electricity of a closed machine is referred to as internal electricity (U) in chemistry and physics.
The device's kinetic power and capacity energy together make up the machine's inner energy. internal strain is a dimension of how a device's inner electricity shifts for the duration of growth or contraction at a certain temperature.
strain, whose SI unit is the pascal, has the equal dimensions because it. perfect gases' internal energy and enthalpy are best depending on temperature; neither volume nor stress play a position. Enthalpy is the overall heat content of a gadget, while internal strength is the whole strength contained in a gadget. the full of internal power and the end result of stress-quantity paintings is called enthalpy.
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if the magnitude of charges on these source charges is arranged in a descending order, which is the correct sequence?a. a, b, c, db. b, d, c, ac. c, a, b, dd. d, b, a, ce. b, c, a, d
The magnitude of the source charge is indicated by the outward arrows. The greater the number of arrows, the greater its strength. This is because each arrow represents the electrical force exerted by the source. If we add up all the arrows present, the electric force will be even greater. The descending order of the answers is C > A > B > D.
What is electric charge?Electric charge is a physical property of matter that imparts a force on charged matter when placed in an electromagnetic field. Charge can be positive or negative (typically carried by protons and electrons, respectively). Similar charges repel and dissimilar charges attract. An object with no net electric charge is said to be neutral. Early knowledge of how charged matter interacts, now called classical electrodynamics, is still accurate for problems that do not require consideration of quantum effects. Charge is a conserved property. The net charge of the isolated system (the amount of positive charge minus the amount of negative charge) does not change. It is denoted by Q.
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A particle starting from rest, travels with a = 5 m/s2. what is the distance traveled in 10 sec?
a. 25 m
b. 50 m
c. 125 m
d. 250 m
The distance traveled in 10 sec is 250m
Solution and conceptGiven:
Initial velocity, u = 0
Acceleration, a = 5 m/s2
Time elapsed is t = 10 seconds
The distance traveled in 10 seconds by the particle when accelerating at 5 m/s2 is given by,
[tex]x= ut + \frac{1}{2} at^{2}[/tex]
Putting the values,
x= 0 x 10 + [tex]\frac{1}{2} (5) (10)^{2}[/tex]
x= 250 m
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What is the correct sketch of the electric field lines in the region between the plates that includes the effect of the conducting sphere.
electric lines of pressure are the important thing idea that turned into employed to conquer the issue.
Use the truth that an electric field always extends outward from a fine price as a start line. The fact that the electrical traces of force continually factor toward the bad charge will later be useful. eventually, create the drawing based on the instances.
wonderful charge to bad charge is the route in which the electric strains of pressure are always oriented. because the electric discipline constantly factors from negative charge to superb charge, draw the photograph thus.
parent 1 is visible below:
The truth that the electric discipline traces always factor from wonderful to terrible charge is used to create the lines with out accounting for engaging in spheres. knowing that there is a accomplishing sphere between the plates allow you to draw the diagram.
determine 2 is seen below:
The drawing makes use of the conducting sphere this is sandwiched among the parallel plates.
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A conducting sphere has charge q and radius r. if the electric field of the sphere at a distance r=2r from the center of the sphere is 1100 n/c, what is the electric field of the sphere at r=4r?
The electric field of the sphere at r=4r is 34.38 N / C
We know that,
E = kQ / [tex]r^{2}[/tex]
p = Q / V
where,
E = Magnitude of Electric field
k = Coulomb's constant
r = Radius
p = Charge density
Q = Electric Charge
V = Volume
Given that,
[tex]E_{2r}[/tex] = 1100 N/C
k = 8.99 x 109 N [tex]m^{2}[/tex]/[tex]C^{2}[/tex].
V = 4 / 3 π [tex]r^{3}[/tex]
Let us consider a charge of Q uniformly distributed throughout the sphere.
p = Q / [ ( 4 / 3 ) π [tex]r^{3}[/tex] ]
Let the charge at 2r be considered as q
At 2r,
q = p * ( 4 / 3 ) π [tex](2r)^{3}[/tex]
q = Q / [ ( 4 / 3 ) π [tex]r^{3}[/tex] ] * ( 4 / 3 ) π 8 [tex]r^{3}[/tex]
q = 8Q
[tex]E_{2r}[/tex] = ( k * 8Q ) / [tex](2r)^{2}[/tex]
1100 = 2 ( kQ / [tex]r^{2}[/tex] )
kQ / [tex]r^{2}[/tex] = 550
[tex]E_{4r}[/tex] = kQ / [tex](4r)^{2}[/tex] = 550 / 16
[tex]E_{4r}[/tex] = 34.38 N / C
The magnitude of electric field is the strength of electric field. If the charge is higher the electric field is stronger. It is denoted using E.
Therefore, the electric field of the sphere at r=4r is 34.38 N / C
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You fire a beam of light at a piece of metal and determine that electrons are emitted with 2. 0 ev of energy. You increase the wavelength of the light and determine that electrons are still being emitted. What else is true?.
The correct answer is option B: there is a decrease in the speed of the emitted electrons.
If we increase the wavelength of the light and determine that electrons are still being emitted. The true statement is that there is a decrease in the speed of the emitted electrons.
The relation between wavelength and the energy of a light photon is given by the following equation;
E = hc / λ
Here 'E' represents the energy of light photons, h is the plank's constant, and c is the light speed where λ is the wavelength of the light.
From the equation, we can see that the energy of photon and wavelength have an inverse relationship with each other.
So, as the wavelength increases, the value of energy decreases.
If the energy decreases then the speed and K.E of the emitted electron also decrease.
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Despite life not being possible on earth upon the demise of our sun, there will always be somewhere in our universe where it is possible.
a. true
b. false
Despite life not being possible on earth upon the demise of our sun, there will always be somewhere in our universe where it is possible.
This statement is true.
What is universe ?Everything exists in the cosmos. It encompasses all of space as well as the matter and energy that it holds. Even time is a part of it, and you are obviously a part of it. Along with the other planets and their numerous moons, Earth and the Moon are all components of the cosmos.
In general, the universe can take one of three forms: a flat universe, a spherical or closed universe (positive curvature), or a hyperbolic or open universe (negative curvature).
The clichéd response is that since space and time were both formed at the big bang, which occurred approximately 14 billion years ago, there is nothing outside of the cosmos. Beyond the observable universe, which may be 90 billion light years vast, however, is where most of the universe exists.
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Suppose you are looking at two graphs of velocity vs time. The first graph is of an object undergoing constant positive acceleration of 2 m/s², and the second graph is of an object undergoing constant positive acceleration of 4 m/s². How do the graphs compare?(1 point)
A. Both graphs are linear with positive slopes, but the second graph has a steeper slope than the first graph.
B. Both graphs are constant, horizontal lines, but the second graph has a higher constant line than the first graph.
C. Both graphs are linear with positive slopes, but the first graph has a steeper slope than the second graph.
D. Both graphs are constant, horizontal lines, but the first graph has a higher constant line than the second graph.
Answer:
Both graphs are linear with positive slopes, but the second graph has a steeper slope than the first graph. I just took the quick check so I know the answer from Connexus.
Explanation:
Since the first graph goes over 1 second and up 2 meter/s then that would mean it is less steep than the graph that goes over 1 second and up 4 m/s; so this rules out option A. Now for C and B, it says a constant "Horizontal line" which would be wrong for the case because the slopes are not going sideways, the slopes in the question are going in a slanted vertical constant motion. I hope this helps!
Both graphs are linear with positive slopes, but the second graph has a steeper slope than the first graph, therefore the correct answer is option A.
What is acceleration?
The rate of change of the velocity with respect to time is known as the acceleration of the object. Generally, the unit of acceleration is considered as meter/seconds².
As given in the problem Suppose you are looking at two graphs of velocity vs time.
The first graph is of an object undergoing constant positive acceleration of 2 meters/second², and the second graph is of an object undergoing constant positive acceleration of 4 meters/second².
The second graph has a higher slope than the first, but both graphs are linear with positive slopes, thus option A is the right response.
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The resolution of radio telescopes suffers greatly from the large wavelengths of the light they are observing. What can be done to a radio telescope to improve its angular resolution?.
The resolution of radio telescopes suffers greatly from the large wavelengths of the light they are observing. To improve the angular resolution, it can be done to a radio telescope by making its dish bigger.
If the diameter of the objective is large, the value of Δθ will be small. This points out that the telescope will be having resolving power of better experience if it is large. Because for this reason in order to get a better resolution, a large diameter objective type should be occupied by a particular telescope.
The resolution of the telescope is unable to get better because to attempt better resolution, we need a telescope with a high-quality lens or mirror as well as the presence of a large aperture.
In general, resolving power is inversely proportional to the diameter of the particularly given object. So when the larger the diameter and the smaller the angle, then we get an advanced result of better angular resolution, and also the telescope having a large diameter contained mirror would be showing a better view of resolving power.
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What are Robert Godard’s ideas
Answer:
Explored the practicality of using rocket propulsion to reach high altitudes, even the moon (1912)Proved that a rocket will work in a vacuum, that it needs no air to push against.Developed and fired a liquid fuel rocketExplanation:
a platinum bar measures 5.0 cm long. 4.0 cm wide and 1.5 cm thick. it has a mass of 700.0 grams
A. calculate the volume of the platinum bar
B.calculate the density of the platinum bar
does any body know the answer im stumped but YOU HAVE TO GIVE AN EXPLANATION
Answer:
Your answer is p=23.33 g/cm^3
Explanation:
We have that for the Question "a platinum bar measures 5.0 cm long, 4.0 cm wide and 1.5 cm thick. it has a mass of 700.0 grams" it can be said that The density of the platinum bar is
p=23.33g/cm^3
From the question we are told
a platinum bar measures 5.0 cm long, 4.0 cm wide and 1.5 cm thick. it has a mass of 700.0 grams
Generally the equation for the density is mathematically given as
p=M/V
therefore
P=M/V
P=700/5x4x1.5
p=23.33 g/cm^3
Deflagration-to-detonation transition is associated with which type of explosive?
The term "deflagration to detonation transition" (DDT) describes a phenomenon that occurs in combustible gas and air (or oxygen) combinations when a quick change occurs from a deflagration type of combustion to a detonation type of explosion.
The general process by which a subsonic combustion wave (deflagration or flame) transforms into a supersonic combustion wave is known as the deflagration-to-detonation transition (detonation). Explosives are chemicals that contain a sufficient amount of oxygen within their molecules. When they are started, they could detonate disastrously or burn furiously, sending shock waves (detonate). Primary explosives are those high explosives that are extremely sensitive to heat, shock, or friction and are the main component of blasting caps or primers that set off other explosives.
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what is the answer log the object that is decelerating?
Answer:
-3.33m/s^2
Explanation:
From the graph, we can read that the object between segments C and D changed its velocity from 10m/s to 0m/s over 3 seconds.
(0m/s - 10m/s) / 3s = -10 / 3 * m/s^2 = -3.3333... m/s^2
Disease samples from two patients were collected and subjected to serial dilutions before running an elisa. What does it mean if the disease can be detected in samples from one person only at a dilution of 1/5, but the disease can be detected in the other patient at a dilution of 1/5 and 1/100?.
If diseases can be detected with the samples of serial dilution means that both patients have the disease. But, the second patient has the disease at a higher level than the first patient.
ELISA test stands for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. This test is performed to detect the amount and the type of antibodies for a disease present in your blood. ELISA test may be performed to diagnose the diseases like syphilis, HIV, Lyme disease, rotavirus, zika virus, etc.
Serial dilution is a process of performing dilution of a sample in a series to know the number of organisms present in that sample. In a dilution of 1:5, the concentration is lesser than the 1/100 dilution, it is more likely to provide lesser numbers of pathogen colonies.
In 1/5 dilution, a total of 5 parts comprise 1 part of the sample as solute and 4 parts of the diluent or solvent. While, in a dilution of 1/100, a total of 100 parts comprises 1 part of solute and 99 parts of solvent. 1/100 would provide a large number of disease-causing organisms in the sample.
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A car is moving with an acceleration of 8.5 m/s^2. It starts from rest and travels when the force of 7000 N is applied. What is the mass of the car?
the mass of the car is 823.52 kg.
When a force is applied to a body, the momentum's magnitude, direction, or both can change. One of the most significant laws in all of physics is Newton's second law. F = ma, where F (force) and a (acceleration) are both vector values, can be used to represent a body whose mass m is constant. We can deduce a relationship between forces F and acceleration a from Newton's second law (via mass). The F is always the RESULTANT force on the item, and that is the important part. F=0 if there is no acceleration of the item.
Due to that,
F=7000 N
a=8.5 m/s²
we know that
F=ma
mass= 7000/8.5
=823.52 kg
Consequently, the mass of the car is 823.52 kg.
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A 30-g car rolls from a hill 12 cm high and is traveling at 154 cm/s as it travels along a 275 cm horizontal track. What is the momentum of the car?.
The momentum of the car is 4620 cm/s.
The momentum of an object is defined as the product of the mass of the object and its velocity. Momentum is denoted by the symbol 'M'. It is presented in the unit meter per second. Velocity is defined as the distance divided by time. It is also presented in the unit meter per second.
Mass of the car = 30 g
Height of the hill = 12 cm
Speed of the car = 154 m/s
Distance traveled by car = 275 cm
The momentum of the car is,
Momentum = Mass × Velocity
M = m × v
= 30 × 154
= 4620 cm/s
Therefore, the momentum of the car is 4620 cm/s.
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Consider a sample of gas that contains 775 moles of smokestack gas. how many molecules of so2 are contained in this sample?
2.04 x 10 12
The final result comes out to be 1.25 x 10¹² molecules. of so₂ contained in this sample .
This problem requests SO₂ molecules at equilibrium in exchange for a chemical process at equilibrium and its pressure-based equilibrium constant. The final result comes out to be 1.25 x 1012 molecules.
What are molecules ?[tex]K_{p}[/tex] = 1/([tex]PSO_{2}[/tex]×[tex]PO_{2}^{1/2}[/tex])
[tex]PSO_{2}[/tex] = [tex]9.17[/tex]×[tex]10^{-16} atm[/tex]
Thus, we obtain the mole fraction of SO2 as follows:
[tex]xSO_{2}[/tex] = [tex]4.37[/tex]×[tex]10^{-15}[/tex]
The moles of SO2 in the 475 moles of the gas mixture are calculated using this mole fraction, and the molecules are calculated using Avogadro's number.
molecules = 475 × [tex]4.37[/tex]×[tex]10^{-15}[/tex]×[tex]6.022[/tex]×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] = 1.25 x 10¹² molecules.
If they contain more than one, they may contain different atoms or the same atoms (for instance, an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). The number of atoms in biological compounds like DNA and proteins can reach thousands.
A molecule is the smallest unit of any material that is composed of one or more elements and is capable of existing independently while maintaining all of the substance's physical and chemical properties.
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