A scientist has 4 pieces of copper. Each piece is a different shape and size (samples A 1 p through D). The student measures the volume and the mass of one sample, but measures only the volume or only the mass of the other samples. Since the scientist knows that copper is a substance, the scientist claims that she can predict what the mass will be of sample B and C. She also claims she can predict what the volume will be of sample D. Use the table below to calculate the MASS OF SAMPLE. Type ONLY THE NUMBER in the space below.
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The normal, low-level measurement on the detector when dealing with a Geiger-Mueller tube to detect nuclear radiation is known as background radiation.

This is referred to as the emission or transmission of energy through space or a material medium. This is usually in the form of waves or particles and it is used for various purposes such as in treatment of diseases.

Radiation can also cause a change in DNA thereby resulting in mutation when exposed to large amounts. Geiger-Mueller tube is used to detect nuclear radiation by scientists for various operations.

In a scenario where there is a low count rate on the detector, it means small amounts were released which is known as the background radiation and it is responsible for the normal, low-level measurement.

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The homozygous dominant genotype is 0%, the heterozygous genotype is 50%, and the homozygous recessive genotype is 50%.

This problem does not display the Punnett box. If the genotype of the heterozygous parent has spots (Ff) and the other parent is homozygous without spots, the cross between the two parents is:

Parental: Ff >< ff

Gametes: F . f >< f

Filial: Ff (heterozygous having freckles) and ff (recessive homozygous over not having freckles)

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Answer: 0%, 50%, 50%

Explanation:

The unstable species is called as transition state.

Transition state in a chemical reaction is a point in the chemical reaction with highest potential or highest energy. This state is said to be the most unstable stage of any chemical reaction and this unstable stage exists between the substrate and the products.

When any chemical reaction takes place the energy of the reaction or the potential of the reaction gradually starts increasing as new bonds are about to form and the old bonds are ready to break. Once the reaction reaches a highest potential point we can see that at this point partial bond braking and partial bond is happening, this is called as the transition state.

As this is the unstable  state the reaction starts to loose energy as the product is formed.

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The concentration of the KBr solution is 0.168 M.

What is molarity?

The quantity of a substance in a given volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute each liter of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration of a solution is another term for molarity.

Explanation:

M1V1 = M2V2,

where M1 is the initial concentration,

V1 is the initial volume,

M2 is the concentration,

V2 is the total final volume.

Have to find the initial and final volume of the solution,

V1=100/1000=0.1

V2=500/1000=0.5

By rearranging the above equation, we get

M2=M1V1/V2

=0.840 x 0.1/0.5=0.168 M.

Therefore, the concentration of the KBr solution is 0.168 M.

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The Matchup of each label with the appropriate term is given below:

A: Sigma bond & Represents two electrons

B: Nonbonding electrons

C: Bonding electrons & Sigma bond

Sigma bonds, often known as bonds, are the strongest kind of covalent chemical bonding in chemistry. They are created by atomic orbitals directly overlapping one another. Using symmetry group terminology and techniques, sigma bonding for diatomic molecules is most easily defined.

Note that an electron that is not a part of chemical bonding is known as a non-bonding electron. The electron may be restricted to one atom in a lone pair. has the electron distributed throughout the molecule in a non-bonding orbital.

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Answer:B,C

Explanation:

the energy emitted by photon was 0.300564×10-18 J

what is photon?

The term photon, which means "light" in Ancient Greek, refers to a basic particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, which includes electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves. It also serves as the force carrier for the electromagnetic force. Considering that photons have no mass, they always travel at the speed of light in a vacuum, which is 299792458 m/s (or 186,282 mi/s).

formula was

ΔE=R(1n2f−1n2i)

R=the Rydberg constant, 2.178×10-18 J

For a transition from n=3 to n=2, we get

ΔE=2.178×10-18 J(1/22−1/32)

=2.178×10-18 J(1/4−1/9)

=2.178×10-18 J× 9 – 4/9×4

=2.178×10-18 J× 5/36

=0.300564×10-18 J

hence the energy emitted by the photon was 0.00564x10-18J

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For the recrystallisation step, we need 71.4ml of ethanol for the solubility of aspirin which has 100% yield.

What is solubility?

Solubility is the ability of a solute to dissolve in solvent to make a solution at a given temperature. This is because of the intermolecular forces balance between solute and solvent and change in entropy.

In 100 ml of the solution, the solubility of aspirin is 40 g. The mass of aspirin is not indicated in the problem, so it can be assumed that the mass of aspirin needed is 40 g. With this, the volume of the solution can be calculated.

Volume of the solution = 40g x 100ml/40g = 100ml

Density of aspirin = 1.4g/ml

Volume of aspirin = 40g x 1ml/1.4g = 28.57ml

Volume of ethanol = 100ml - 28.57ml = 71.4 ml

Therefore, the solubility of 40g of aspirin when yield is 100% requires 71.4ml of ethanol.

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Two characteristics of liquid oxygen contradict predictions from the valence bond theory that are explained by the molecular orbital theory are:

1) Pale blue color

2) Para-magnetism

The valence bond theory is not able to explain the para magnetic behavior of the oxygen that give pale blue color. This is explained by molecular orbital theory.

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The percentage yield of the given reaction was supposed to be

the formula for the calculation of the percentage yield was =actual yield/theoretical yield X 100

What is percentage yield ?

The percent yield equation is as follows:

(actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100% Equals percent yield

Where: actual yield is the quantity of product received from a chemical reaction theoretical yield is the amount of output obtained from the stoichiometric or balanced equation, utilizing the limiting reactant to calculate product (moles or grams).

The quantity of products generated from a chemical reaction is referred to as the real yield. The theoretical yield is the quantity of product calculated from the stoichiometric or balanced equation utilising the limiting reactant to determine product.

=(0.988/1.61) X 100

=61.36%

the percentage yield of the reaction was found to be 61.36%

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Bones are classified into Five according to shape namely: Long bones, short bones, flat bones, iregular bones, sesamoid bones.

These are living tissues that contain their own blood vessels and are comprised of different cells, proteins, minerals, and vitamins. They make up the body's skeleton.

Bone classification according to shape:

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The sum of the coefficients involved in the equilibrium reaction equation is 5.

the equilibrium reaction equation is A chemical reaction is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of an element on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side. You can check this by doing an atomic count.

When trying to solve this problem, the first step that must be taken is to obtain a balanced reaction equation. Because that's the key to what we're trying to get here. Now you can see the balanced reaction equation for the reaction and then get the total.

[tex]Pb(NO3)_2 + H_2S = > 2 HNO_3 + PbS[/tex]

The sum of the coefficients of the equilibrium reaction equation is 1+1+2+1=5.

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In block caving mining, the desired material is located underground, dissolved into a liquid, and then extracted. This is one method of mining sodium chloride, or salt.

Drilling holes beneath the ore body and utilizing designed blasts to disintegrate the ore and rocks are all part of block caving mining. Then, with the aid of gravity, the mixture of rocks and ore is carried for processing. Once the production from open-pit mining becomes unprofitable, block caving mining frequently occurs. Is called block caving mining

Salt Chloride (sodium chloride),  The ratio of the sodium and chloride ions in sodium chloride is exactly one to one. It is frequently referred to as table salt, common salt, or halite (the mineral form of common salt).

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The earth’s magnetic poles are in the general direction of the planet’s geographic poles. the phrase "general direction" mean  different and complete opposite way.

A bar magnet that is suspended freely will always point north-south. This is a result of the bar magnet's south pole being drawn to the Earth's magnetic north pole (geographic south).

Geographic and magnetic poles on Earth are generated by various sources, thus they are not perfectly aligned. The outer core's swirling currents of liquid iron are what generate the Earth's magnetic field.

Thus, Option D is correct.

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Atom in

a- hydrogen gas - H atom

b - Salt = Sodium atom and chlorine atom

c - Methane - carbon , hydrogen atom

d - carbon dioxide = carbon , oxygen atoms

e - oxygen gas = oxygen atom

f - water = hydrogen and oxygen tom

g - hydrochloric acid =  hydrogen and chlorine atoms

h - sodium hydroxide = sodium , oxygen and hydrogen atom

I - carbonated water - carbon , oxygen , hydrogen atoms

What is an atom ?

An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element. Atoms consist of a central nucleus surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. Atoms, the smallest units that can decompose matter without emitting charged particles. It is also the smallest unit of matter with the characteristic properties of chemical elements. As such, atoms are the basic building blocks of chemistry.

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The chemicals that accumulate in soil and water as a result of car emissions, improperly disposed waste, industry, and agriculture are known as persistent organic pollutant.

Organic molecules that are resistant to environmental deterioration through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes are persistent organic pollutants, sometimes referred to as "forever chemicals."

They are dangerous compounds that have a negative impact on the environment and human health all over the world.

POPs are compounds that are persistent in the environment, bioaccumulate in the food chain, and have the potential to have negative impacts on both human health and the ecosystem.

Thus, persistent organic pollutants are hazardous compounds that have a negative impact on the environment and human health all over the world.

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We can say that When K3PO4 is dissolved in water , the number of potassium ions present in the solution is three times the number of phosphate ions in the solution .

What are Ionic compounds ?

Ionic compounds can be defined as ionic bonds or chemical bonds formed by oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic forces.

These are usually formed between metals and non-metals. Atoms always tend to acquire stable electronic configurations when atoms lose electrons to form cations, and anions are formed when atoms gain electrons. These two oppositely charged atoms together form an ionic bond, which is called an ionic bond.

Ionic compounds, also called ionic compounds, are held together by electrostatic forces. Ionic compounds are also formed when the electronegativity difference between two atoms is large. This causes one atom to attract more electrons than the other, resulting in electron loss and electron gain within the atom.

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The minimal concentration of chloride ion is 1.67 × 10 ⁻³ M

Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the overall volume of an aggregate. several sorts of mathematical descriptions may be outstanding: mass concentration, molar concentration, variety concentration, and extent awareness.

The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of answer.

The Concentration of an answer is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute.

calculation:-

2NaCl + Pb ⁺² ------------>  PbCl₂

  Ksp = [Pb⁺][Cl⁻]²

   [Cl⁻]       =  [tex]\sqrt{ \frac{Ksp}{[Pb+]}[/tex]

                 = [tex]\sqrt{ \frac{1.4×10^{-8} }{0.0049}[/tex]

                 = 1.67 × 10 ⁻³ M

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1) The species oxidized shows a(n) = increase in oxidation number.

2) The species reduced shows a(n) = decrease in oxidation number.

3) The species that shows a decrease in oxidation number is the = oxidizing agent.

4) The species that shows an increase in oxidation number is the = reducing agent.

The degree of biological activity controls both the formation of zones where specific redox processes predominate and the progression of environmental redox reactions. Anoxia, which are situations when the concentration of dissolved molecular oxygen is extremely low, is a requirement but not a sufficient condition for lowering conditions. The active microbial population shifts from communities that depend on aerobic respiration, in which molecular oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor, to anaerobic respiration, in which other chemical substances take the place of molecular oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor supporting respiration, as a result of the development of anoxia.

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The minimum amount of oxygen required, in g, for complete combustion of C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ will be 1304 g

Molecular formula = C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆

The amount is not given so we take it as 1 mol

The minimum amount of oxygen required for combustion = ?

First, we will write the chemical equation

    C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ + O₂ = CO₂ + H₂O

Balance the chemical equation

    2C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ + 163O₂ = 114CO₂ + 110H₂O

The molar ratio of C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ to oxygen is 2 : 163

As we have 1 mol C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆; 163 / 2 = 81.5 mol

     number of moles of O₂ required = 81.5 mol

Covert the number of moles to grams

    grams = number of moles × molar mass

    grams of O₂ required = 81.5 mol × 16 g/mol

    grams of O₂ required = 1304 g

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2 liters of chlorine gas react to produce 2 l of hydrogen chloride gas

We may think about STP.

Gaseous hydrogen chloride in 2 L

PV = nRT

P = 1 atm

V = 2L

n = ?

R = Gas Constant, or 0.0821 L atm K-1 Mol-1.

T = 273

enter and find n in the equation

1 x 2 = n x 0.0821 x 273

n = 08923 mole

An comparable amount of Cl2 gas is required for every 0.08923 mole of hydrogen chloride gas (0.08923 = 0.044615 mole).

as a result, volume of 0.044615 mole of Cl2

P = 1 atm V =?n = 0.044615" T = 273

1 x V = 0.044615 x 0.0821 x 273

V = 1 Lit

Hence Chlorine gas must react to create hydrogen chloride gas, which requires a reaction volume of 2 L.

provide the same amount of 2 Liter

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The must be true of the two elements is All of the above.

An element is a substance composed of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by either physical or chemical processes. They are divided into metals, non-metals, and semi-metals. Helium is the element with atomic number 2 in the periodic table. Each helium atom has two protons in its nucleus.

The atomic weight of the element is 4.0026. Helium is known as a gas in its pure form because it does not combine easily. A compound is a unique substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements. Compounds are formed through chemical reactions. Elements of a compound are held together by chemical bonds.

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The percent change in volume is 21 %.

given that :

temperature , T1 = 273 -28 = 245 K

temperature , T2 = 273 + 9 = 282 K

pressure P1 = P

pressure P2 = P - O.O5 P = 0.95 P

Volume V1 = V

volume V2 = ?

using ideal gas equation , we get :

P1 V1 / T1 = P2 V2 / T2

V2 = (P1 V1 T2 ) / P2 T1

V2 = ( P × V × 282 ) / ( 0.95 P × 245 P )

V2 = 1.211 V

change in volume is given as = V2 - V1

                                                 =  1.211 V - V

                                                 = 0.211 V

Percent change in volume is = (0.21 V)) / V ) × 100 %

                                                 = 21 %

Thus, For many purposes we can treat propane C3H8 as an ideal gas at temperatures above its boiling point of −42.°C Suppose the temperature of a sample of propane gas is raised from -28.0°C to 9.0°C, and at the same time the pressure is increased by 5.0% . the percent change in volume in 21 %.

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Since the start of the industrial revolution more than 200 years ago, human activity has led to an increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2). The pH of the ocean's surface waters has decreased by 0.1 pH units throughout this time.

A significant and swift transition in an economy (as in late-18th-century England) signaled by the widespread adoption of power-driven machinery or by a significant shift in the prevalent forms and applications of such machinery.

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The alcohol concentration in parts per billion, ppb given that the alcohol limit is 250 of alcohol per 1 L of breath is 25×10¹⁰ ppb

The concentration of substance in parts per million, ppb can be obtained by using the filling formula:

Concentration (in ppb) = (amount of solute / volume) × 10⁹

With the above formula, we can obtain the alcohol concentration in parts per billion, ppb as shown below:

The concentration of the vitamin C in ppb can be obtained as follow:

Concentration (in ppb) = (amount of solute / volume) × 10⁹

Concentration (in ppb) = (250 / 1) × 10⁹

Concentration (in ppb) = 25×10¹⁰ ppb

Thus, the concentration in ppm is 25×10¹⁰ ppb

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The mass of H₂SO₄ that must dissolved in 1.08 liters of solution to make 2.69M solution is 271.52 grams.

The molarity of the substance is defined as the number of moles of solute per unit volume of solution in liters.

In this case,

The volume of the solution is 1.08 L.

The required molarity of the substance is 2.69M.

So,

we can write,

Molarity = Moles/Volume

Moles = Molariyt x volume

Moles =2.69 x 1.03

Moles = 2.77

Moles = Mass required/molar mass.

Molar mass of H₂SO₄ is 98 g/mol.

Putting values,

2.77=Mass required/98

Mass required = 271.52 grams.

So, 271.52 grams of H₂SO₄ is required to make 2.69M solution.

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Using the Henderson equation , pH = pKₐ + log(salt/acid)

pH-value for given mixture is 4.74

When a strong base like potasium hydroxide (KOH ) reacts with weak acid like acetic acid (CH₃COOH) form a salt ( CH₃COOK ) and water . This type of reaction is called Neutralization reaction.

CH₃COOH (aq) + KOH (aq) ------> CH₃COO⁻K⁺ (aq) + H₂O(aq)

Given that

= 5 × 10⁻³mol

Now , using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to find the p-H value

p-H = pKa + log ( salt or conjugate base / weak acid ) ------(1)

where Kₐ is dissociation constant

Since, Kₐ value for acetic acid is 3.8×10⁻⁵

=> pKₐ = 4.74

put the values in (1)

p-H = 4.74 + log ( 5/5) = 4.74 + 0 = 4.74

So, p-H value for solution is 4.74 ..

p-H value of substance or solution refered the nature of solution is acidic or basic .

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