Benzene cannot undergo typical addition reactions due to its aromatic stability and preference for substitution reactions.
When a sample of benzene is burned, the expected observation is a clean, complete combustion with a sooty flame. Benzene is a hydrocarbon composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and during combustion, it reacts with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide ([tex]CO_2[/tex]) and water ([tex]H_2O[/tex]).
The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of benzene is:
[tex]C_6H_6 + 15/2 O_2 --- > 6 CO_2 + 3 H_2O[/tex]
Benzene, being a highly stable aromatic compound, does not undergo typical addition reactions. It does not readily undergo addition reactions with electrophiles like alkenes or other unsaturated compounds.
Examples of carboxylic acids and their applications in daily life:
Acetic acid: Found in vinegar, acetic acid is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. It is also used in the production of various chemicals, solvents, and plastics.
Citric acid: Found naturally in citrus fruits, citric acid is widely used as a food additive.
Thus, this can be concluded regarding the given scenario.
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A sample of gas at a constant volume initially has a temperature of 315.0 K with a pressure of 2.50 atm. The temperature changes to 150.0 K. Calculate the final pressure.
To solve this problem, we can use Charles' Law, which states that, at constant volume, the pressure and temperature of a gas are directly proportional.
The formula we will use is:
[tex]\boxed{\large\displaystyle\text{$\begin{gathered}\sf \bf{\dfrac{P_1}{T_1 }=\frac{P_2}{T_2} } \end{gathered}$} }[/tex]
Where:
P₁ = initial pressure = 2.50 atmT₁ = initial temperature = 315.0 KT₂ = temperature = 150.0 KP₂ = final pressure = ?Solving the formula for V₂:
[tex]\boxed{\large\displaystyle\text{$\begin{gathered}\sf \bf{P_2=\frac{P_1T_2}{ T_1} } \end{gathered}$} }[/tex]
Where:
P₁ = initial pressureT₁ = initial temperatureT₂ = temperatureP₂ = final pressureWe substitute the known values:
[tex]\boxed{\large\displaystyle\text{$\begin{gathered}\sf \bf{P_2=\frac{2.50 \ atm\times150.0\not{K} }{315.0\not{k} } } \end{gathered}$} }[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{\boxed{\large\displaystyle\text{$\begin{gathered}\sf \bf{P_2\approx1.19 \ atm } \end{gathered}$} }}[/tex]
The final pressure will be approximately 1.19 atm when the temperature changes from 315.0 K to 150.0 K, holding the volume constant.
A metastable system is represented by:
A metastable system is a physical or chemical system that is in a stable equilibrium state but has the potential to move to a more stable state with lower energy if it is subjected to an external perturbation or trigger.
In a metastable system, the energy of the system is high enough to keep it in a stable state but is not high enough to allow it to reach the lowest possible energy state or equilibrium.
This makes the system unstable, as it can be triggered to transition to a more stable state with a lower energy level. However, the system may remain in the metastable state for a long time if the external conditions or triggers are not present to initiate the transition to the lower energy state.
Thus, metastable systems are important in various fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, and biology, and understanding their behavior is crucial in designing and predicting the properties of materials and systems.
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1) Calculate the molar volume of hydrogen gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) from your data. Liters of course is V2 from calculation 2 above, and moles is from
calculation 1 above.
molar volume = Lhydrogen gas
_____________
mole hydrogen gas
2) The accepted value for the molar volume of an ideal gas at STP is: 22.4 L/mol. calculate the percent error of your average results.
3) What are possible sources of error in this experiment?
INFORMATION:
Max pressure = 134.44 kPa
Atmospheric pressure = 103.40 kPa
Room temperature = 25.1 C
Final temperature = 26.5 C
Mean temperature = 25.8 C
The accepted value for the molar volume of an ideal gas at STP is 22.4 L/mol.
To calculate the molar volume of hydrogen gas at STP, we can use the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
From the given information, we have:
Pressure (P) = 103.40 kPa
Volume (V) = V2 from calculation 2 above (in liters)
Moles (n) = moles from calculation 1 above
Temperature (T) = 25.8 °C + 273.15 = 298.95 K (mean temperature)
Molar volume = V / n
Molar volume = V2 / moles
The accepted value for the molar volume of an ideal gas at STP is 22.4 L/mol. To calculate the percent error, we can use the formula:
Percent error = (|experimental value - accepted value| / accepted value) * 100
Percent error = (|molar volume - 22.4 L/mol| / 22.4 L/mol) * 100
Possible sources of error in this experiment may include experimental inaccuracies such as: Inaccurate pressure measurements due to instrumental limitations or calibration issues. Temperature fluctuations during the experiment, leading to variations in the calculated values. Assumptions of ideal gas behavior may not hold completely. Systematic errors in the equipment used, such as leaks or variations in volume measurements. It's important to note that this is a hypothetical experiment based on the given information, and the actual sources of error may vary depending on the experimental setup and procedure.
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Which of these would cause an INCREASE in energy?
The expressions that would cause a DECREASE in energy are
A. DECREASING both wave frequency and wavelength
B. DECREASING the wave frequency and INCREASING thewavelength
What is the relationship between wave frequency and thewavelength and energy?The number of complete wavelengths that can be found in the unit of time can be regarded as thefrequency (f) , however when the wavelength increases in size, then the frequency as well as the energy (E) decrease. .
It should be noted that the the frequency increases, the wavelength gets shorter, hence as the frequency decreases, there there would be increase in wavelength .
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comlete question;
Which of these would cause a DECREASE in
energy?
A. DECREASING both wave frequency and wavelength
B. DECREASING the wave frequency and INCREASING the
wavelength
C. INCREASING both wave frequency and wavelength
D. INCREASING the wave frequency and DECREASING the
wavelength
INCREASING the wave frequency DECREASING the wavelength
How much H2 would be produced by the complete reaction of the iron bar?
Fe(s)+2HCl(aq)→FeCl2(aq)+H2(g)
1 mole of iron reacts with 2 moles of hydrochloric acid to produce 1 mole of hydrogen gas; therefore, the amount of H₂ produced depends on the amount of iron reacted and the stoichiometry of the reaction.
According to the balanced chemical equation, 1 mole of iron reacts with 2 moles of hydrochloric acid to produce 1 mole of hydrogen gas. Therefore, the amount of hydrogen gas produced by the complete reaction of an iron bar will depend on the amount of iron reacted.
To determine the amount of hydrogen gas produced, we need to know the amount of iron reacted. This can be calculated from the mass of the iron bar using its molar mass. Once we know the amount of iron reacted, we can use the stoichiometry of the reaction to determine the amount of hydrogen gas produced.
For example, if we assume that the iron bar has a mass of 1.0 g, we can calculate the number of moles of iron using its molar mass of 55.85 g/mol:
1.0 g Fe x (1 mol Fe/55.85 g Fe)
= 0.0179 mol Fe
Since the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:2 (1 mole of iron reacts with 2 moles of hydrochloric acid), we can calculate the amount of hydrogen gas produced by multiplying the number of moles of iron by 2:
0.0179 mol Fe x (1 mol H₂/1 mol Fe) x (22.4 L H2/mol H₂)
= 0.802 L H₂
Therefore, the complete reaction of the iron bar with hydrochloric acid would produce 0.802 L of hydrogen gas, assuming that the iron bar has a mass of 1.0 g.
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3)
If I contain 43 moles of gas in a container with a volume of 260 liters and at a
temperature of 400 K, what is the pressure inside the container?
The pressure inside the container is approximately 5.43 atmospheres.
What is the pressure of the gas?The Ideal gas law or general gas equation is expressed as;
PV = nRT
Where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the amount of substance, T is temperature and R is the ideal gas constant ( 0.08206 Latm/molK )
Given that:
Amount of gas n = 43 moles
Volume V = 260 Liters
Temperature K = 400 K
Pressure P = ?
To determine the pressure of the gas, plug the given values into the above formula and solve for pressure.
PV = nRT
P = nRT / V
P = ( 43 × 0.08206 × 400 ) / 260
P = 1411.432/260
P = 5.43 atm
Therefore, the pressure of the gas is 5.43 atm.
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The temperature of a 5.65 × 102 g air sample (density = 1.24 g/L) was lowered, and the density increased to 1.98 g/L. Calculate the new volume of the air sample
Answer:
285.35 liters.
Explanation:
To calculate the new volume of the air sample, we can use the formula:
Volume = Mass / Density
Given:
Mass of the air sample = 5.65 × 10^2 g
Initial density of the air sample = 1.24 g/L
Final density of the air sample = 1.98 g/L
Using the formula, we can calculate the initial volume and then use the final density to find the new volume.
Initial Volume = Mass / Initial Density
Initial Volume = 5.65 × 10^2 g / 1.24 g/L
Initial Volume = 456.45 L
New Volume = Mass / Final Density
New Volume = 5.65 × 10^2 g / 1.98 g/L
New Volume = 285.35 L
Therefore, the new volume of the air sample is approximately 285.35 liters.
Assume that 0.491 g of diborane is combusted in a calorimeter whose heat capacity (Ccalorimeter) is 7.854 kJ/°C at 19.63°C. What is the final temperature of the calorimeter?
ΔHcombustion for this process is –1958 kJ/mol.
Answer:
To solve this problem, we can use the formula:
q = -Ccalorimeter x ΔT
where q is the heat absorbed by the calorimeter, Ccalorimeter is the heat capacity of the calorimeter, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the calorimeter.
First, we need to calculate the amount of heat released by the combustion of diborane. We can use the molar mass of diborane to convert the given mass to moles:
moles of diborane = 0.491 g / 27.66 g/mol = 0.01775 mol
The heat released by the combustion of 1 mole of diborane is -1958 kJ, so the heat released by the combustion of 0.01775 mol is:
q = 0.01775 mol x (-1958 kJ/mol) = -34.76 kJ
The negative sign indicates that heat is released by the reaction.
Now we can use the formula above to find the change in temperature of the calorimeter:
-34.76 kJ = -7.854 kJ/°C x ΔT
ΔT = 4.43°C
Therefore, the final temperature of the calorimeter is 19.63°C - 4.43°C = 15.20°C.
Methane (CH_4) gas is used for heating in many applications. It is gas used to fuel the Bunsen burners in this classroom. The chemical equation for the combustion of methane is given. Answer the following questions.
CH_4 + 2O_2 --> CO_2 + 2H_2O
1.) Will the ∆H for the combustion of methane be +890 kJ/mol or -890kJ/mol? Explain.
2.) Is energy a reactant or a product in this reaction?
sign of ∆H :-
+ve means endothermic reaction -ve means exothermic reactionWe know
when methane burns in presence of oxygen heat is released as a form of energy so the reaction is exothermic.∆H must be -ve
#2
Product as energy is released so it will be in right sideNeed help answering this question in the picture
The concept molarity is an important method which is used to calculate the concentration of a solution. It is mainly employed to find out the concentration of a binary solution. Here the molarity is 0.67 M. The correct option is D.
The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute dissolved per liter of the solution. It is represented by the letter 'M' and it is expressed in the unit mol / L.
Molarity = Number of moles of solute / Volume of solution in liters
M = 0.500 / 0.75 = 0.66 mol / L ≈ 0.67 M
Thus the correct option is D.
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Burning Dorito chips releases 12,357 J of thermal energy. Assuming all the heat is absorbed by a 234.2g sample of water with initial temp of 22C, what would be the temperature of the water
Answer:
22°C + 14.82°C = 36.82°C
Explanation:
We can use the formula:
q = mCΔT
where q is the heat absorbed by the water, m is the mass of the water, C is the specific heat of water, and ΔT is the temperature change of the water.
We are given q = 12,357 J, m = 234.2 g, and an initial temperature of 22C. The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/(g·°C).
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
12,357 J = (234.2 g)(4.184 J/(g·°C))(ΔT)
Solving for ΔT, we get:
ΔT = 14.82°C
Therefore, the final temperature of the water would be:
22°C + 14.82°C = 36.82°C
It is not advisable to use drug S when patient has indigestion problem. Explain
It is essential to consult a healthcare professional before taking any medication when experiencing indigestion or any other health condition, to ensure that the medication is safe and effective for the patient's specific needs.
It is not advisable to use drug S when a patient has indigestion problem because drug S may worsen the patient's condition or interact negatively with other medications they are taking. Indigestion is a common condition that occurs when there is an imbalance in the digestive system, causing discomfort, bloating, and nausea. Some drugs can exacerbate these symptoms by increasing the production of stomach acid or by irritating the lining of the digestive tract. Drug S may have side effects that include gastrointestinal disturbances, including stomach pain, nausea, and diarrhea. This can make indigestion symptoms worse and lead to further discomfort and distress for the patient. Additionally, drug S may interact negatively with other medications that the patient is taking, further worsening their indigestion. Therefore, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional before taking any medication when experiencing indigestion or any other health condition, to ensure that the medication is safe and effective for the patient's specific needs.
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P4(s)+6H2(g)→4PH3(g)
If 92.4 L of H2(g), measured at STP, is allowed to react with 168.0 g of P4, what is the limiting reactant?
If 44.7 L of PH3, measured at STP, forms, what is the percent yield?
The percent yield is 172.5%. This is greater than 100% due to experimental errors such as incomplete reaction or loss of product during the experiment.
To determine the limiting reactant, we need to find the number of moles of each reactant:
92.4 L of H2 at STP (standard temperature and pressure: 0°C and 1 atm) is 92.4/22.4 = 4.12 moles of H2.
168.0 g of P4 is 168.0/123.9 = 1.36 moles of P4.
Using the balanced chemical equation, we can see that 1 mole of P4 reacts with 6 moles of H2 to produce 4 moles of PH3. Therefore, the maximum amount of PH3 that can be produced from 1.36 moles of P4 is:
1.36 mol P4 × (4 mol PH3/6 mol H2) × (4 mol PH3/1 mol P4) = 1.09 mol PH3
Since this is less than the maximum amount of PH3 that can be produced from 4.12 moles of H2:
4.12 mol H2 × (4 mol PH3/6 mol H2) = 2.75 mol PH3
we can conclude that H2 is the limiting reactant.
To calculate the theoretical yield of PH3, we use the amount of limiting reactant, which is 4.12 moles of H2:
4.12 mol H2 × (4 mol PH3/6 mol H2) × (1 L/22.4 mol) = 0.733 L of PH3 at STP
The actual yield is given as 44.7 L of PH3 at STP, which is converted to moles using the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
(1 atm) × (44.7 L) = n × (0.08206 L atm mol^-1 K^-1) × (273.15 K)
n = 1.88 moles of PH3
The percent yield is then calculated as:
(actual yield/theoretical yield) × 100% = (1.88 mol/1.09 mol) × 100% = 172.5%
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Which set of products is correct for
this double replacement reaction?
2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) -
Remember that each formula must have a
balanced charge.
After considering all the given options we come to the conclusion that the set of products that are accurate for double replacement reaction is 2KNO₃ (aq) + PbI₂ (s), which is Option D under the condition that the given reaction is 2KI(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq).
A double replacement reaction generally comprised of reactions in regarding the positive and negative ions of two ionic compounds exchanges locations to form two new compounds. The general form for this type reaction is: AB + CD → AD + CB .
For instance, when silver nitrate (AgNO₃) is added with sodium chloride (NaCl), the following reaction takes place AgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃ ²
The correct set of products for the double replacement reaction 2KI(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) is 2KNO₃ (aq) + PbI₂ (s).
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2H2O->2H2+O2
Finish the following model to represent the reaction equation for the electrolysis of water
The model would be complete when there two pairs of white dots and one pair of black dots
Electrolysis of waterThe chemical process of electrolysis breaks down water molecules into their component parts, hydrogen and oxygen , using an electric current. Two simultaneous reactions take place at distinct electrodes, referred to as the anode and cathode, which are submerged in an electrolyte solution, to produce this process.
A crucial step in the process of creating hydrogen gas, a clean and renewable energy source, is the electrolysis of water.
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A hermit lives in a mountain cabin 50 miles outside of town. The hermit received a letter that their cabin is outside of the electric company’s range and they will no longer be able to access the power grid. The hermit is worried because the mountain region experiences several months with below-freezing temperatures each year. With no electrical energy available, which method would most likely provide enough thermal energy to heat the hermit’s cabin?
With no electrical energy available, conduction would most likely provide enough thermal energy to heat the hermit’s cabin.
Thermal energy is defined as a type of energy which is contained within a system which is responsible for temperature rise.Heat is a type of thermal energy.It is concerned with the first law of thermodynamics.
Thermal energy arises from friction and drag.It includes the internal energy or enthalpy of a body of matter and radiation.It is related to internal energy and heat .It arises when a substance whose molecules or atoms are vibrating faster.
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two uses of sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate, also known as washing soda or soda ash, has a wide range of applications. Sodium carbonate can be naturally occurring or synthetically produced through various methods, including the Solvay process, which is the most common method of industrial production.
Sodium carbonate, also known as washing soda or soda ash, has many uses, including:
1) Cleaning agent: Sodium carbonate is an effective cleaning agent due to its alkaline nature. It is used in laundry detergents and household cleaners to remove stains and grease from clothes and surfaces.
2) Industrial applications: Sodium carbonate is used in a variety of industrial applications. It is used in the production of glass, pulp and paper, and soaps and detergents. It is also used as a water softener and pH regulator in chemical processes.
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Choose the substance with the highest boiling point.
Choose the substance with the highest boiling point.
A) F2
B) CH4
C) NaI
D) HF
E) CS2
The chemical compound with highest boiling point is NaI
Due to ionic bonding between the elements there is a stronger bond that is seen than other compounds. Hence, maximum boiling point.
A sample of neon gas at 50c and a volume of 2.5 liters is cooled to 25c. What is the new volume
Answer: 2.31 L
Explanation:
charles law v2= V1 x T2/T1
temperature must be in Kelvin
V2=2.5 X 298.15 / 323.15 =2.31 L
An insulated container is used to hold 47.5 g of water at 19.3 °C. A sample of copper weighing 14.7 g is placed in a dry test tube and heated for 30 minutes in a boiling water bath at 100.0°C. The heated test tube is carefully removed from the water bath with laboratory tongs and inclined so that the copper slides into the water in the insulated container. Given that the specific heat of solid copper is 0.385 J/(g·°C), calculate the maximum temperature of the water in the insulated container after the copper metal is added.
The maximum temperature of the water in the insulated container after the copper metal is added is 40.7 °C.
The problem can be solved using the principle of conservation of energy, which states that the heat lost by the copper metal is equal to the heat gained by the water.
To calculate the heat lost by the copper, the formula
q = m * c * delta T
is used, where q is the heat lost, m is the mass of copper, c is the specific heat of copper, and delta T is the change in temperature of the copper.
Given that the copper is heated from 19.3 °C to 100.0 °C, the heat lost by the copper is calculated to be 450.5 J.
To calculate the heat gained by the water, the same formula is used, where m is the mass of water, c is the specific heat of water, and delta T is the change in temperature of the water.
We are given that the initial temperature of the water is 19.3 °C and the mass of water is 47.5 g. Assuming the final temperature of the water to be T °C, the expression for the heat gained is
47.5 g * 4.184 J/(g·°C) * (T - 19.3) °C.
Equating the expressions for the heat lost and gained, we get
450.5 J = 47.5 g * 4.184 J/(g·°C) * (T - 19.3) °C.
Simplifying and solving for T, we get
T = 40.7 °C,
which is the final temperature of the water after the copper is added.
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6.802 x 1020 particles of Mn(NO3)3 is dissolved in 0.38 L of water.
What is the concentration of this solution in molarity?
A) 3.5 x 10-2M
B) 3.0 x 10 M
C) 0.30M
D) 0.38M
The concentration of the solution in molarity, given that 6.802×10²⁰ particles were dissolved in 0.38 L of water is 3.0×10⁻³ M (option B)
How do i determine the molarity of the solution?First, we shall determine the number of mole that contains 6.802×10²⁰ particles of Mn(NO₃)₃. Details below:
From Avogadro's hypothesis,
6.022×10²³ particles = 1 mole of Mn(NO₃)₃
Therefore, we can say that
6.802×10²⁰ particles = 6.802×10²⁰ / 6.022×10²³
6.802×10²⁰ particles = 0.001 mole of Mn(NO₃)₃
Finally, we shall obtain the molarity of the solution. Details below:
Number of mole of Mn(NO₃)₃ = 0.001 moleVolume of solution = 0.38 LMolarity of solution = ?Molarity of solution = mole / volume
Molarity of solution = 0.001 / 0.38
Molarity of solution = 3.0×10⁻³ M (option B)
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What assumptions can you make about fossils?
Answer:
Related questions
What assumption is made during the relative dating of fossils?
the rule of superposition
In relative dating, to determine the relative age, geologists believe that, in a sequence of superficial layers, the newer layers fall on top of older ones unless any physical disturbance such as soil erosion happens. Scientists call this the rule of superposition, and it is the central assumption in relative dating
If a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid is electrolysed, what gas will be produced at the anode? Answer in words not symbols.
If a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is electrolyzed, the gas produced at the anode (positive electrode) will be chlorine gas (Cl₂). When a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is electrolyzed, it undergoes a process called electrolysis.
In the case of hydrochloric acid, it dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl-). The positive hydrogen ions (H+) are attracted to the cathode (negative electrode) and are involved in the reduction reaction. At the cathode, hydrogen gas (H₂) is produced as a result of the reduction of H+ ions. At the anode (positive electrode), the chloride ions (Cl-) are attracted. Here, the chloride ions undergo oxidation, losing electrons and forming chlorine gas (Cl₂). The chlorine gas is released as a product of the reaction at the anode.
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Copper has a specific heat capacity of 0,385 J/g °C. A 105g sample is exposed to 15.2 kJ in an
insulated container. How many degrees will the temperature of the copper sample increase?
Answer:
12 degrees
Explanation:
What was the purpose of Marsden Hartley's Portrait of a German Officer (1914)?
It was a poster for a cafe.
It was a memorial to his lover.
It was a demonstration of his assimilation of multiple styles.
It was done as political protest.
write a short note on chemical and physical method of monitoring the rate of chemical reactions
Chemical and physical methods are two approaches used to measure the rate of chemical reactions. Chemical methods involve the use of spectroscopic techniques and analyses of reaction products to measure the speed of a reaction. Physical methods involve using thermodynamics and other physical measurements to determine the speed of a reaction.
Hope this helps! Have a great day. :)Distinguish between the order and the molecularity of a reaction
The order of a reaction is determined experimentally and describes the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the concentration of reactants, whereas the molecularity of a reaction is a theoretical concept that describes the number of molecules that participate in the rate-determining step of a reaction.
The order of a reaction is the mathematical representation of the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the concentration of reactants. It describes how the rate of a reaction changes with respect to the change in concentration of reactants.
The order of a reaction is determined experimentally by observing how the rate of a reaction changes as the concentration of reactants is varied while keeping the concentration of other reactants and conditions constant. The order of a reaction can be 0, 1, 2, or even a fraction.
The molecularity of a reaction is the number of reactant molecules that collide in a single step to form the product. The molecularity of a reaction can be unimolecular (1), bimolecular (2), or termolecular (3). It is important to note that not all reactions have a molecularity, as some reactions have multiple steps and multiple reactants involved.
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32 g of Br2 are added to 10 g of a mixture of ethene and ethane. What is the mass percent of ethene in the mixture?
Answer:
A mixture of ethane and ethene occupies 40 litre at 1.00 atm and at 400 K.The mixture reacts completely with 130 g of O2 to produce CO2 and H2O . Assuming ...
Missing: 32 Br2
How much solute is needed to make a 50.0mL of a 0.100 M solution of each reactant when using copper (ll) sulfate + sodium Hydroxide
We need 0.798 g of copper (ll) sulfate and 0.400 g of sodium hydroxide to make a 50.0 mL of a 0.100 M solution of each reactant.
To determine the amount of solute needed to make a 50.0 mL of a 0.100 M solution of each reactant when using copper (ll) sulfate and sodium hydroxide, we need to use the formula:
Molarity (M) = moles of solute ÷ volume of solution (in liters)
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of solute needed. Since the molar ratio of copper (ll) sulfate to sodium hydroxide is 1:2, we will need twice as many moles of sodium hydroxide as copper (ll) sulfate.
Let's start with copper (ll) sulfate:
Molarity (CuSO4) = 0.100 M
Volume (V) = 50.0 mL = 0.0500 L
Using the formula, we can rearrange it to solve for moles of solute:
moles of CuSO4 = Molarity × Volume
moles of CuSO4 = 0.100 M × 0.0500 L
moles of CuSO4 = 0.00500 mol
Next, we can calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide needed:
moles of NaOH = 2 × moles of CuSO4
moles of NaOH = 2 × 0.00500 mol
moles of NaOH = 0.0100 mol
Now that we know the number of moles of each solute needed, we can calculate the mass of each solute needed using their respective molar masses:
mass of CuSO4 = moles of CuSO4 × molar mass of CuSO4
mass of CuSO4 = 0.00500 mol × 159.61 g/mol
mass of CuSO4 = 0.798 g
mass of NaOH = moles of NaOH × molar mass of NaOH
mass of NaOH = 0.0100 mol × 40.00 g/mol
mass of NaOH = 0.400 g
Therefore, we need 0.798 g of copper (ll) sulfate and 0.400 g of sodium hydroxide to make a 50.0 mL of a 0.100 M solution of each reactant.
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How many moles of water are represented by 7.43 x 1018 molecules of water
Answer:
approx 7.41 sextillion
Explanation:
One mole of any substance contains 6.022 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's Number). Therefore, 1 mole of water contains 6.022 x 10^23 water molecules.
To find how many moles are represented by 7.43 x 10^18 molecules of water, we can divide 7.43 x 10^18 by Avogadro's Number:
7.43 x 10^18 / 6.022 x 10^23 = 0.0123 moles of water
Now, we can use this to find the number of water molecules:
0.0123 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mole = 7.41 x 10^21 molecules of water
Therefore, 7.43 x 10^18 molecules of water represent 7.41 x 10^21 molecules or approximately 7.41 sextillion (7,410,000,000,000,000,000) molecules of water.