The normal, low-level measurement on the detector when dealing with a Geiger-Mueller tube to detect nuclear radiation is known as background radiation.
What is Radiation?This is referred to as the emission or transmission of energy through space or a material medium. This is usually in the form of waves or particles and it is used for various purposes such as in treatment of diseases.
Radiation can also cause a change in DNA thereby resulting in mutation when exposed to large amounts. Geiger-Mueller tube is used to detect nuclear radiation by scientists for various operations.
In a scenario where there is a low count rate on the detector, it means small amounts were released which is known as the background radiation and it is responsible for the normal, low-level measurement.
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find the molality of the solution if 42 grams of potassium chloride (kcl) are dissolved in 3.6 kg of water.
When 42 grams of potassium chloride (kcl) are dissolved in 3.6 kilogram of water, the resulting solution has a molality of 0.156 m.
Describe molality.The term "molal concentration" is another word for molality. It measures the solute concentration in a solution. There are a variety of terminology that can be used to describe a solution's concentration, including molarity, molality, normality, formality, volume percentage, weight percentage, and parts per million. The term must determine the molecular weight of the solute and the mass of the solvent.
Molality is the best method for transferring concentration since the mass of the solute and solvent in the solution is constant.
Molality = moles of solute/ liters of solution
Moles of KCl = (42g KCl) x (1 mole KCl/74.5513 g) = 0.5633 moles KCl
Water in kg = 3.6 kg
m = 0.5633/3.6
m = 0.156
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Suppose a friend tells you he has a temperature of 38 degrees Celsius. Your temperature is 38 degrees Celsius. Do the particles that make up your body or your friend's body have a greater average kinetic energy? Explain.
The particles that make up your body or your friend's body doesn't have a greater average kinetic energy as they are equal to them having the same temperature.
What is Kinetic energy?This is referred to as the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion while temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance.
We were told that they both have a temperature of 38 degrees Celsius which means that the particles present in both bodies have the same average kinetic energy. We should also note that the higher the temperature, the higher the average kinetic energy and vice versa.
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a lab worker wishes to dilute 5.00 x 102 ml of 18.0 m hcl to a concentration of 0.25 m. what volume of distilled water (l) must they add to the initial solution to achieve this lower concentration?
The volume of distilled water they must add to the initial solution to achieve this lower concentration is 35.5 l.
Dilution is defined as the process in which the concentration of a sample is decreased by adding more solvent. The dilution formula is given below.
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
where C₁ = initial concentration of sample = 18.0 m
V₁ = initial volume of sample = 5.00 x 10² ml
C₂ = final concentration after dilution = 0.25 m
V₂ = total final volume after dilution
Plug in the values to the formula and solve for the final volume.
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
(18.0 m)(5.00 x 10² ml) = (0.25 m)V₂
V₂ = 36000 ml
Subtract the initial volume from the final volume to determine the volume of water needed to add.
V of water = V₂ - V₁
V of water = 36000 ml - 5.00 x 10² ml
V of water = 35500ml = 35.5 l
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which group of elements, metals or nonmetals, will tend to form ions that are larger than their parent atom?
Metals will tend to form ions that are larger than their parent atom.
Do metals become smaller or larger when they become ions?
Metals frequently lose electrons, forming cations, which are positively charged ions. Non-metals frequently acquire electrons and produce anions, which are negatively charged ions.All metals are capable of cation formation and electron loss. Alkali and alkali earth metals (groups 1 and 2) form cations that get bigger as you move down the groups and atomic radii follow suit. The ionic radii of the cations do not vary significantly over time, starting in the d-block of the periodic table.To learn more about Metal ions, follow the link https://brainly.com/question/28642645
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what are the formulas of the compounds that correspond to the names given in the following table? compound name formula carbon tetrabromide cobalt(ii) phosphate magnesium chloride nickel(ii) acetate calcium nitrate
the formulas of the compounds that correspond to the names carbon tetrabromide cobalt(ii) CBr4 co(ii), calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x.
Tetrabromoethane, commonly called carbon tetrabromide or CBr4, is a kind of carbon tetrabromide. It is used as a sedative, an intermediate in the production of agrochemicals, a solvent for greases, waxes, and oils, and in the blowing and vulcanization processes in the plastic and rubber industries. It is a component of compounds that are fire-resistant since it is not flammable. Because of its high density, it is also employed in the separation of minerals. An inorganic substance having the formula Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x is calcium nitrate, popularly known as norgessalpeter (Norwegian Salpeter). The infrequently encountered anhydrous chemical turns into the tetrahydrate by absorbing moisture from the atmosphere. Salts come in both colorless anhydrous and hydrated forms. There are other uses for calcium nitrate besides being a component of fertilizers.
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assume that after the first heating, your total mass of the crucible and contents is 1.76 g. after the second heating, the total mass is 1.77 g. what choice best describes what is happening with your reaction?
The total mass of the crucible and contents is 1.76g.It becomes 1.77g after the second heating. Here the decomposition reaction occurs.
Crucible is a metal container in which the substances are subjected to very high temperature.Decomposition reaction is the reaction in which a molecule breaks down to form two or more components. All decomposition reactions are the reverse of a combination of reactions.one of the product of decomposition must be in the elemental state.All decomposition reactions are not redox reactions. By heating a crucible and a content using intense gas flame,the mass of the content of the crucible will increase to some extent.so,the mass is increased from 1.76g to 1.77g.
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explain how nutrition hormones and exercise affect bone development and growth
Answer:
Explanation:
Numerous, controlled studies have demonstrated that people who exercise regularly have greater bone density than those who are more sedentary.
Any type of exercise will stimulate the deposition of more bone tissue, but resistance training has a greater effect than cardiovascular activities.
Hope this helps
17. in general, molecules and ions always follow the octet rule unless it is impossible. the three types of exceptions are molecules/ions with too few electrons, molecules/ions with an odd number of electrons, and molecules/ions with too many electrons. a. which atoms sometimes have fewer than 8 electrons around them? give an example. b. which atoms sometimes have more than 8 electrons around them? give some examples. c. why are odd- electron species generally very reactive and uncommon? give an example of an odd-electron molecule.
Boron and beryllium sometimes have less than 8 electrons around them, Sulphur sometimes has more than 8 electrons around it and odd electron species are reactive because of their instability and their examples ate NO, NO₂ and ClO₂.
a. The example of the atoms which sometimes have fewer than 8 electrons around them are Boron and beryllium.
b. The example of the atom with sometimes have more than 8 electrons around them is Sulphur.
c. The odd electrons species generally are very reactive and uncommon because there highly unstable.
To achieve stability the readily reacts with other compounds in order to complete their octet and achieves stability. They are very uncommon because when they are formed, they tend to break the octet rule which is not very frequently observed in the atoms. The example of odd electrons species are NO, NO₂ and ClO₂.
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which of the following is true about free radicals? a. they are unstable and highly reactive molecules. b. they act as antioxidants in the body. c. they defend against cancer.
It is true about free radicals. a. they are unstable and highly reactive molecules.
Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl ions are two examples of oxygen-containing molecules with an unbalanced number of electrons. The unequal distribution of electrons makes it simple for them to interact with other molecules. To combat free radicals, use antioxidants. Heart disease and cancer are caused by free radicals. an unstable molecule type produced by typical cell metabolism The physiological metabolism produces some of these reactive molecule species (RMS), also known as "Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl ions are two examples of oxygen-containing molecules with an unbalanced number of electrons. The unequal distribution of electrons makes it simple for them to interact with other molecules. To combat free radicals, use antioxidants. Heart disease and cancer are caused by free radicals. an unstable molecule type produced by typical cell metabolism The physiological metabolism produces some of these reactive molecules species (RMS), also known as "free radicals" or "oxidants." Cell compartments and cells are hurt or destroyed when RMS concentrations go above a certain free radicals" or "oxidants." Cell compartments and cells are hurt or destroyed when RMS concentrations go above a certain point. These reactive molecules species (RMS), also known as "free radicals" or "oxidants," are a by-product of some physiological processes.
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an aqueous solution contains 0.331 m hydrocyanic acid. how many ml of 0.268 m potassium hydroxide would have to be added to 150 ml of this solution in order to prepare a buffer with a ph of 9.230?
564.930995917 ml of potassium hydroxide would have to be added .
What is pH ?
The pH of a food is a direct function of the free hydrogen ions present in that food. Acids in food release free hydrogen ions. Hydrogen ions give acidic foods their characteristic sour taste. Therefore, pH can be defined as a measure of free acid. More specifically, pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration. The pH range is 0 to 14. The pH of pure water is exactly 7, so pH 7 is neutral. Values less than 7 are acidic. Values above 7 are basic or basic.
Foods are generally classified as “acidic foods” (low pH, pH 4.6 or less) or “weakly acidic foods” (high pH, pH 4.6 or higher). Safe food storage is determined by the pH of the food. Acidic foods such as fruit and pickles can be safely canned in a tin can with a hot water bath. A combination of acid and hot water (212°F) destroys perishable organisms such as mold and yeast. Proper cooking water canning processes are important to prevent the growth of acid-tolerant molds and yeasts that can lead to elevated pH levels. The pH of borderline foods such as figs and tomatoes can easily exceed 4.6, so lemon juice or citric acid should be added before canning with boiling water. Low-acid foods such as vegetables and meat should be processed in a pressure preserver for safety.
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a 20 ml sample of gastric juice (composed of strong acid) was titrated with 0.0011 m aqueous naoh. the addition of 6.7 ml of naoh resulted in a neutral ph. what was the original ph of the gastric juice sample?
The original pH of the gastric juice sample is 3.43
What is pH ?pH serves as a measure to calculate the acidity/alkalinity of a solution. It's ranges is between 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 indicates acidity and a pH above 7 indicates basicity. pH is actually a measure of the relative amounts of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water.
As we know:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
For the given question:
M₁ = Concentration of gastric juice
V₁ = Volume of gastric juice (20 ml)
M₂ = Concentration of NaOH (0.0011 M)
V₂ = Volume of NaOH (6.7 ml)
So, M₁ = M₂V₂ / V₁
M₁ = 0.0011 × 6.7/20
M₁ = 0.000365
For pH:
pH = -log [H⁺]
pH = -log [0.000365]
pH = 3.43
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which one is correct?
If a ball begins rolling up a ramp with 200 J of kinetic energy how much potential energy will it have at the top of the ramp when it stops 
If a ball has 200 J of kinetic energy when it starts rolling up a ramp, it will also have 200 J of potential energy when it stops rolling up the ramp. Energy overall is constant.
What are kinetic energy and potential energy?
The energy that's also stored in any object as well as system as a result of the its position or component arrangement is known as potential energy. The object or system is unaffected by external factors like air pressure or altitude. Kinetic energy, on the other hand, describes the power of moving particles within a system or an object. In contrast to potential energy, which is independent of other fixed and moving objects in its immediate vicinity, kinetic energy is related to those objects. For instance, the object's kinetic energy would be higher if it is placed at a higher height. Potential energy varies with object mass, height, as well as distance and is not transferable. Kinetic energy can be transferred from a moving
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A heat engine operates between a source at 477°c and a sink at 25°c. If heat is supplied to the heat engine at a steady rate of 65,000 kj/min, determine the maximum power output of this heat engine.
The maximum power output of this heat engine is 39,165.75 kJ/min. The result is obtained by using the value of Carnot Efficiency.
What is Carnot Efficiency?The efficiency of a heat engine is generally expressed as
[tex]\eta = \frac{W}{Q_{h}}[/tex]
Where
W = work output (J)Qh = heat energy input (J)The Carnot Efficiency is the maximum efficiency of heat engine that is dependent on the temperatures of the hot source (Th) and the cold sink (Tc). The Carnot Efficiency can be expressed as
[tex]\eta = 1 - \frac{T_{c} }{T_{h}}[/tex]
Where
Tc = temperature of the cold sink (K)Th = temperature of the hot source (K)Given the temperature of the hot source at 477°C and the cold sink at 25°C. The heat is supplied at a steady rate of 65,000 kJ/min.
What is maximum power output of this heat engine?
First, we convert temperature unit from Celsius to Kelvin.
[tex]T_{h} = 477 + 273.15 = 750.15 K[/tex]
[tex]T_{c} = 25 + 273.15 = 298.15 K[/tex]
The Carnot Efficiency is
[tex]\eta = 1 - \frac{T_{c} }{T_{h}}[/tex]
[tex]\eta = 1 - \frac{298.15 }{750.15}[/tex]
[tex]\eta = 1 - 0.39745[/tex]
[tex]\eta = 0.60255[/tex]
The power equals work divided by time. By using the value of Carnot efficiency, the maximum power output is
[tex]\eta = \frac{\frac{W}{t} }{\frac{Q_{h}}{t} }[/tex]
[tex]0.60255 = \frac{\frac{W}{t} }{65.000}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{W}{t} = 65.000 \times 0.60255[/tex]
[tex]\frac{W}{t} = 39,165.75 kJ/min[/tex]
Hence, the maximum power output of this heat engine is 39,165.75 kJ/min.
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Rubbing alcohol has a density of approximately .79 g/mL
Baby oil has a density of approximately
.83 g/mL
Would rubbing alcohol float on top of or sink underneath the baby oil?
Since the density of rubbing alcohol is lower than the density of baby oil, rubbing alcohol will float on top of the baby oil.
What is density?The density of a substance is the ratio of the mass of the substance and its volume. It is mathematically expressed as:
Density = mass/volume
It is the property that measures how densely packed the molecules of a substance are.
The density of water is approximately 1 g/mL. Substances whose densities are lower than that of water will float on while those whose densities are higher than that of water will sink in it.
Two immiscible liquid substances will either float over or sink under one another depending on their densities. The liquid with the lower density will float while the one with the higher density will sink.
Thus, if the density of rubbing alchohol is 0.79 g/mL and that of baby oil is 0.83 g/mL, it means that the rubbing alcohol will float over the baby oil.
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I need answers now.. please
what element uses the following quantum numbers:
n=2 l=1 ml=-1 ms=1/2
n=3, l=2 ml=-1, ms=-1/2
The elements that has the quantum numbers shown are;
n=2 l=1 ml=-1 ms=1/2 - Boronn=3, l=2 ml=-1, ms=-1/2 - ScandiumWhat is the quantum number?The quantum number is used to be able to identify the electron in an atom. We know that the orbital is a region in space where electrons could be fond and electrons are identified in the orbitals where they are found by the use of quantum numbers.
Now we have to use the quantum numbers as shown to be able to identify the elements that have them. This is so because the kind of element can be known from the quantum numbers that its electrons posses.
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a buffer is formed by adding 1.0 mol of methylamine, ch3nh2, and 1.0 mol of methylammonium, ch3nh3 , in a 1.0 l container. if a 10.0 ml sample of this buffer is diluted to 1000 ml with water, what is the ph of the diluted buffer? for methylamine, kb
If a 10.0 ml sample of this buffer is diluted to 1000 ml with water,the ph of the diluted buffer is 9.26.
pH of Buffer Solution can be calculated as :
pH = pKa - log ( [ Salt ] / [ Base ] )
Since Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
then , pKb = 4.74
Since , pKa + pKb = 14 \Rightarrow pKa = 9.26
Initial concentration of NH3 and (NH4)+ is 1 M.
Now 10 mL of the sample is taken and diluted to 1000 mL
Since , M1V1 = M2V2
Where M1 is the Molarity of the solution before dilution and V1 is the volume taken ( M1 = 1 M ; V1 = 10 mL)
M2 is the Molarity of the solution after dilution and V2 ( V2 =1000 mL ) is the Final volume of the solution.
M2 = M1V1 / V2 \Rightarrow M2 = ( 1 x 10 ) / 1000 = 0.01 M .
Final concentration of NH3 and (NH4)+ in the sample is 0.01 M.
then , [ Salt ] / [ Base ] = 1
Since , log( 1 ) =0
Then pH = pKa = 9.26
The pH of the Buffer solution is 9.26.
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while performing the dumas experiment, if the outside of the flask were not completely dry (part i), how would this affect the calculated molar mass of the unknown volatile liquid? would it be higher or lower? explain.
Initially, the Flack is the flask filled with water and weighed to find may of water + flask Afla that the Flask is empty flack in noted. emptied and mars ofMass of water in the beaker. calculated by is mars of the flask from. subtracting from this volume of a mass of water + flask.
Flask is calculated using the standard density of water at that ten pleasure. If the flask is not a day from outside at that time, the mass of water will be More than the actual. This results. the higher calculated volume of the flask. As Molar mass. M- MRT PV mass of volatile where Mina's liquid.
Analysis of total nitrogen in organic matrices can be performed using the Dumas method. This ensures the complete combustion of the matrix under oxygen. The resulting gas is reduced with copper and dried with CO2 trapped. Next, quantify nitrogen using a universal detector. Use a thin glass flask with a long neck.
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What compound is formed from Ca2+ and Cl1-
Answer:
You get CaCl2 (Calcium chloride)
Explanation:
Calcium has a +2 charge and chlorine has a -1 charge. You need the net ionic charge to equal zero so you need two chlorine atoms to have the +2 cancel out. You end up with CaCl2.
the difference in the atomic radii of fluorine and lithium is most similar to the difference in the atomic radii of which pair of elements?
As one proceeds through the periodic table from left to right, the atom of each element gets smaller. Lithium's higher atomic radius than that of fluorine is most comparable.
What is meant by atomic radii?Atomic radius, also known as atomic radius, is the total length between an atom's nucleus and its electron's outer orbital. The average or normal distance between the nucleus's center and the edge of the surrounding electron shells is what we refer to as an element's ionic radii.
Why do atomic radii occur?This is due to the fact that there are higher energy levels, resulting in a wider gap between electrons and protons. The attraction between the remaining electrons and the positive charges nucleus is also reduced as a result of electron shielding, allowing them to move further away from it. As a result, the size and atomic radius grows.
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the radioactive half-life of a material is the time for group of answer choices its decay rate to reduce to half. half of an original quantity of the material to decay. both of these neither of these
The radioactive half-life of a material is the time for both of these. Option C.
The half-life of a radioisotope is the time it takes for half of the radioisotope to decay. Certain radioisotopes have a constant half-life. It is unaffected by conditions and is independent of the initial amount of its isotope. Half-life is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms of a particular radionuclide to decay.
As a rule of thumb after 7 half-lives, the radiation dose is less than 1% of the original dose. The half-life is then determined from the basic definition of radioactivity as the product of the decay constant λ of the radionuclide and the number of radioactive atoms N present. Half-life is defined as The time required for half of an existing radioactive nucleus to decay. That's what it means to have a short half-life. Activity declines rapidly because many nuclei decay in a short time.
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what is tyhe molarity of a solutionm containing 104.2 grams of bacl2 in enough water to make 800 ml of solution
The molarity of a solution containing 104.2 grams of BaCl2 in enough water to make 800 ml of solution is 0.625mol/L.
What is molarity?
Molarity is one of the measures of the concentration in terms of the number of moles of the solute dissolved in particular volume of the solution.
Molarity of BaCl2 can be calculated by,
Molecular mass of BaCl2 is 208.23gmol^-1
Number of moles = mass / molecular mass = 104.2g / 208.23gmol^-1 = 0.50mol.
Molarity = Number of moles / volume = 0.50mol / 0.8L = 0.625mol/L.
Therefore, molarity of a solution containing 104.2 grams of BaCl2 in enough water to make 800 ml of solution is 0.625mol/L.
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studocu serine proteases make use of which strategy among the four general strategies for catalysis? a.catalysis by approximation b. non-covalent c.covalent d. metal ion
The serine proteases use combination of the given strategies catalysis by approximation, non-covalent, covalent and metal ion
Serine proteases catalyze non-covalent bond is a sort of chemical link, generally between macromolecules, that doesn't entail the exchanging of electron pairs but instead involves more diffused types of electromagnetic interactions. In supermolecular chemistry, non-covalent bonds between supermolecules predominate over other types of bonds. The exchange of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms forms a covalent connection. The two atomic nuclei are drawing these electrons in unison. When there is insufficient space between two atoms' electronegativities for an electron transfer to take place and create ions, a covalent bond is formed.
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without tasting, smelling, or removing either layer from the container, how can you clearly determine which layer is the aqueous layer using just material found in a typical kitchen?
Add distilled water towards the funnel to quickly identify which layer is aqueous layer .
By adding distilled water in aqueous solution, the organic layer will be the one that decreases in size, while the aqueous layer must expand. The two layers could then be divided into their corresponding beakers.
Water inside the liquid state serves as the solvent in such an aqueous solution. In other words, water molecules surround and integrate solute (dissolved) ions as well as molecules into their web of bonds.
If it is challenging to determine in which the droplets travel, also keep note of the layers' volumes: the watery layer indicates whichever layer expands as more water is added.
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a shorter, easier way to show chemical reactions, using symbols instead of words, is called a group of answer choices
A shorter, easier way to show chemical reactions, using symbols instead of words, is called a Chemical equation.
All the elements in chemistry have specific name and properties. Along with this, they all have a particular sign like Na for sodium, Ar for Argon and K for potassium.
Rather than writing the full name in words of the elements, we write only the symbols of the element along with the products and the reactants separated by using a arrow pointing towards products side.
For example,
Chemical reaction: Sodium hydroxide reacts with Hydrogen chloride to form Sodium chloride and water.
Chemical equation: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O.
So, as we can see from the example, the chemical equation is much more easier to understands and shorter.
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write the net ionic equation for the reaction between agno3aq and na2so4aq. be sure to include states of matter in your answer.
The net ionic equation for the reaction between agno3aq and na2so4aq would be 2Ag+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq) → Ag2SO4(s)
The net ionic equation shows the chemical species involve in the chemical reaction while the complete ionic equation also involves the spectator ions. The net ionic equation state whether precipitation occurs or not. If the chemical reaction has no net ionic equation it means all are aqueous from no precipitation occurring.
AgNO3 → Ag+ + NO3-
Na2SO4 → 2Na+ + SO4^2-
2AgNO3(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → 2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) +SO4^2-(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) +SO4^2-(aq) → Ag2SO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
2AgNO3(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → Ag2SO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
We cancel the spectator ions (NO3^- and Na^+)
the net ionic equation with states of matter is:
2Ag+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq) → Ag2SO4(s)
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the titration of a polyprotic acid with sufficiently different pka 's displays two equivalence points. why?
If Ka1 and Ka2 are sufficiently distinct and a polyprotic acid is titrated with a strong base, the pH curve will contain two equivalence points because the two acidic protons will be titrated sequentially.
What is titration?Titration is a method of chemical analysis in which the amount of a sample's constituents is determined by adding a precise amount of a different substance—one that the desired constituent reacts with in a specific, known proportion—to the sample being tested.
The titrating reagent, or titrant, is gradually added to the process using a standard solution (i.e., a solution of known concentration), which is administered using a burette, which is essentially a long, graduated measurement tube with a stopcock and a delivery tube at its bottom end. The addition comes to an end at the comparable point.
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Why does a pot of water start to steam after it boils?
the heat of the water
Explanation:
water heat boils and starts to mske water vapor.
Which of the following elements is the LEAST reactive?
Fluorine, Rubidium, Cesium, and Gold
Answer:
The least reactive metals would be Platinum, Gold, Palladium, Osmium and Silver and in the decreasing order.
Of the following elements: Fluorine, Rubidium, Cesium, and Gold is the LEAST reactive:
Gold