The project's unlevered net present value (NPV) is $1,528,715.13.
To calculate the unlevered NPV, follow these steps:
1. Calculate annual depreciation: ($11,880,000 fixed assets cost / 6 years) = $1,980,000 per year.
2. Calculate annual depreciation tax shield: ($1,980,000 depreciation * 21% tax rate) = $415,800.
3. Discount depreciation tax shield using risk-free rate: $415,800 / (1 + 4.2%)ⁿ, where n ranges from 1 to 6 years.
4. Calculate after-tax cash flows: $3,510,000 * (1 - 21% tax rate) = $2,772,900.
5. Discount after-tax cash flows using cost of equity: $2,772,900 / (1 + 11.3%)ⁿ, where n ranges from 1 to 6 years.
6. Calculate the project's initial investment: -$11,880,000.
7. Sum the discounted depreciation tax shields, discounted after-tax cash flows, and the initial investment to find the unlevered NPV.
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if there is a permanent increase of 8% in the domestic money supply, then what will be the effect on the dollar/euro exchange rate in the long run?
In the long run, an increase of 8% in the domestic money supply would lead to an appreciation of the domestic currency, the dollar, relative to the euro.
This is because the increased money supply would lead to an increased demand for the dollar. This increased demand would drive up the exchange rate, as more euros would be needed to buy a dollar.
On the other hand, the euro would depreciate as its demand decreased, leading to a lower exchange rate. This is a result of the law of supply and demand: when the supply of a currency increases its demand increases, and its value rises. In the long run, this would lead to the dollar appreciating in value relative to the euro.
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You are thinking of buying a $1000 par valued Scrimgeour Corp semi-annual bond. If the bond makes payments of $50 every 6 months, has 7 years left outstanding, and has a yield of 4%, what is the band's fair value?
The fair value of the Scrimgeour Corp semi-annual bond with a par value of $1000, making payments of $50 every 6 months, having 7 years left outstanding, and a yield of 4% is: $645.68.
To calculate the fair value of the bond, we use the formula for present value of a bond, which is:
PV = (C/r) x [1 - 1/(1+r)^n] + F/(1+r)^n
where PV is the present value of the bond, C is the coupon payment per period, r is the semi-annual yield, n is the total number of coupon periods, and F is the face value of the bond.
In this case, C is $50, r is 2% (4%/2), n is 14 (7 years x 2 payments per year), and F is $1000. Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
PV = ($50/0.02) x [1 - 1/(1+0.02)^14] + $1000/(1+0.02)^14
PV = $645.68
Therefore, the fair value of the bond is $645.68.
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Corp. A just paid a dividend of $0.50 per share. It is expected to increase its dividend by 2% per year. If the market requires a return of 15% on assets of this risk, how much should the stock be selling for?
The stock should be selling for $3.85 per share.
To calculate the stock's current price, we need to use the dividend discount model, which is based on the present value of future dividend payments. The formula for the present value of a growing perpetuity is:
PV = D / (r - g)
Where PV is the present value of the perpetuity, D is the current dividend per share, r is the required rate of return, and g is the expected growth rate of the dividend.
In this case, the current dividend is $0.50 per share, and the expected growth rate is 2%. The required rate of return is 15%. Using these values, we can calculate the stock's price as:
PV = $0.50 / (0.15 - 0.02) = $3.85
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______ decisions are one of the most important decisions marketing executives have to make.
Pricing decisions are one of the most important decisions marketing executives have to make. These decisions involve determining the optimal price at which to sell a product or service to achieve a balance between maximizing revenue and maintaining customer satisfaction.
Step 1: Analyze the market and competition
Marketing executives should begin by analyzing the market and competition to understand the price range and value perception of similar products or services in the market.
Step 2: Understand the cost structure
A thorough understanding of the cost structure, including fixed and variable costs, is crucial in determining a price that covers all expenses while still making a profit.
Step 3: Determine the pricing objective
Marketing executives must establish a pricing objective, such as maximizing profits, increasing market share, or enhancing brand image.
Step 4: Choose a pricing strategy
There are several pricing strategies to choose from, such as cost-plus pricing, value-based pricing, competitive pricing, or psychological pricing. Marketing executives should select the one that best aligns with their pricing objective and target audience.
Step 5: Implement the chosen pricing strategy
After selecting the appropriate pricing strategy, marketing executives should implement the pricing decision, monitor its effectiveness, and make adjustments as needed.
In conclusion, pricing decisions are critical for marketing executives as they directly impact revenue generation, customer satisfaction, and overall brand perception.
By carefully considering the market, cost structure, pricing objectives, and pricing strategies, marketing executives can make informed decisions that drive the success of their products or services.
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A. A reduction in the price of donuts will cause ________ for donuts.
B. An increase in consumer income will cause ________ for donuts (a normal good)
A. A reduction in the price of donuts will cause an increase in the demand for donuts. This is because the price of donuts is a determining factor in the quantity of donuts that consumers are willing to purchase. When the price of donuts decreases, consumers are more likely to buy them as they become more affordable.
This results in an increase in the demand for donuts.
B. An increase in consumer income will also cause an increase in the demand for donuts as they are considered a normal good. A normal good is a product whose demand increases as consumer income increases.
When consumers have more disposable income, they are more likely to spend it on goods and services that they enjoy, such as donuts. This increase in demand can be further attributed to the fact that consumers may view donuts as a luxury item, and therefore are more likely to purchase them when they have extra money to spend.
In summary, both a reduction in the price of donuts and an increase in consumer income can lead to an increase in the demand for donuts. Understanding how these factors impact the demand for specific goods is crucial for businesses that want to maximize their profits and stay competitive in the market.
to create value for consumers, a company must provide both rational and emotional benefits. if two competitors' products are similar, a consumer is likely to choose the one that:
To create value for consumers, a company must provide both rational and emotional benefits. If two competitors' products are similar, a consumer is likely to choose the one that appeals to their emotions and satisfies their rational needs.
This means that the company that can effectively communicate and showcase their product's emotional and functional benefits to the consumer is more likely to be chosen. However, it's important to note that a company's reputation, brand loyalty, and customer service can also influence a consumer's decision-making process. To create value for consumers, a company must provide both rational and emotional benefits.
If two competitors' products are similar, a consumer is likely to choose the one that offers better emotional benefits, such as a stronger brand image, positive customer experience, or a connection with the company's values and mission. This emotional connection can lead to a competitive advantage and influence the consumer's decision-making process.
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george jones is planning on a cruise for his 70th birthday party. he wants to know how much he should set aside at the end of each month at 6% interest to accumulate the sum of $4,800 in five years. he should use a calculation involving the:
George should set aside $83.42 at the beginning of each month for five years at 6% interest to accumulate the sum of $4,800.
To calculate how much George should set aside each month to accumulate the sum of $4,800 in five years at 6% interest, he should use the table for the Future Value of an Ordinary Annuity of $1. The formula for calculating the monthly payment required is:
Payment = (FV * r) / ((1+r)^n - 1)
Where FV is the future value, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.
Plugging in the values, we get:
Payment = (4,800 * 0.06) / ((1+0.06)^5 - 1)
Payment = $83.42
Therefore, George should set aside $83.42 at the beginning of each month for five years at 6% interest to accumulate the sum of $4,800.
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failure to eliminate intercompany inventory sales would result in an overstatement of consolidated a. net income. b. gross profit. c. cost of goods sold (cogs). d. all of these.
If intercompany inventory sales are not eliminated, consolidated net income, gross profit, and cost of goods sold will be overstated. Option D is correct.
Intercompany inventory sales occur when a company within a group sells goods to another company in the same group. If these transactions are not eliminated during the consolidation process, the consolidated financial statements would be overstated. The overstated amounts would affect the net income, gross profit, and cost of goods sold (COGS) reported in the consolidated financial statements.
Elimination of intercompany inventory sales is necessary to avoid double-counting of revenues and expenses, which could inflate the consolidated financial statements. In the consolidated financial statements, the intercompany inventory sales are eliminated from revenues, COGS, and gross profit. As a result, the consolidated financial statements will reflect the true economic reality of the group's financial performance, free from distortions caused by intercompany transactions. Option D is correct.
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CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL
Using the CAPM, estimate the appropriate required rate of return for the three stocks listed here, given that the risk-free rate is 7% (seven percent) and the expected return for the market is 15% (fifteen percent). DATA Stock Beta A 0.55 B 0.63 C 1.25 Risk-free rate 7% Market rate 15%
Stock Returns A B C
According to the CAPM, the appropriate required rate of return for Stock A is 11.4%, for Stock B is 12.04%, and for Stock C is 17%.
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) estimates the required rate of return for an investment based on its level of risk, as measured by its beta, and the expected return of the overall market. The formula for the required rate of return is:
Required rate of return = Risk-free rate + (Beta x (Market rate - Risk-free rate))
A: 1.Required return=7+0.55*(15-7)=11.4%
B: 2.Required return=7+0.63*(15-7)=12.04%
C: 3.Required return=7+1.25*(15-7)=17%
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The appropriate required rate of return for Stock A is 11.6%, for Stock B is 12.6%, and for Stock C is 18%.
We apply the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to calculate the needed rate of return using the following formula:
Required rate of return = Risk-free rate + Beta × (Market rate - Risk-free rate)
We can get the needed rate of return for each stock using the information provided:
For Stock A: Required rate of return = 7% + 0.55 × (15% - 7%) = 11.6%
For Stock B: Required rate of return = 7% + 0.63 × (15% - 7%) = 12.6%
For Stock C: Required rate of return = 7% + 1.25 × (15% - 7%) = 18%
Therefore, based on the given information and using the CAPM, the appropriate required rate of return for Stock A is 11.6%, for Stock B is 12.6%, and for Stock C is 18%.
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Terms of trade that are beneficial to both parties are those terms, or prices, that are ___ the two parties opportunity cost
Terms of trade that are beneficial to both parties are those terms, or prices, that are below the two parties' opportunity cost.
The opportunity cost is the cost of the next best alternative that is given up in order to pursue a certain action. When two countries engage in trade, they do so because each country has a comparative advantage in producing a certain good.
Comparative advantage means that a country can produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country. By trading with each other, they can both benefit from consuming a greater quantity and variety of goods than they would be able to produce domestically.
In order for both parties to benefit from the trade, the terms of trade must be such that the price paid for the imported good is lower than the opportunity cost of producing that good domestically. This allows both parties to consume more of both goods than they would have been able to do otherwise.
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the presence of any of the following factors would suggest a switch to abc except whenselect answer from the options belowproduction managers are ignoring data provided by the existing system.the manufacturing process has changed significantly.overhead costs constitute a minor portion of total costs.product lines differ greatly in volume.
If any of the following factors are present, it would suggest a switch to ABC (activity-based costing) except for when production managers are ignoring data provided by the existing system.
The factors would suggest a switch to ABC (activity-based costing)The first factor is if the manufacturing process has changed significantly. This can affect the accuracy of the existing costing system and make it difficult to allocate costs properly.
The second factor is if overhead costs constitute a minor portion of total costs. ABC is particularly useful in identifying overhead costs and allocating them accurately to products or services.
Finally, if product lines differ greatly in volume, ABC can provide a more accurate cost allocation than traditional costing methods.
However, if production managers are ignoring data provided by the existing system, a switch to ABC may not be effective as it may also be ignored, rendering the entire exercise futile.
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Quantitative Problem: You are given the following probability distribution for CHC Enterprises:
State of Economy Probability Rate of return
Strong 0.25 22 %
Normal 0.50 8 %
Weak 0.25 -4 %
What is the stock's expected return? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
%
What is the stock's standard deviation? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
%
What is the stock's coefficient of variation? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
Expected Return: 8.50 %. Standard Deviation: 8.20 %. Coefficient of Variation: 0.97 (rounded to two decimal places)
To calculate the stock's expected return, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, we'll use the provided probability distribution for CHC Enterprises.
1. Expected Return:
Expected Return = (Probability_Strong × Return_Strong) + (Probability_Normal × Return_Normal) + (Probability_Weak × Return_Weak)
Expected Return = (0.25 × 22) + (0.50 × 8) + (0.25 × -4)
Expected Return = 5.5 + 4 - 1
Expected Return = 8.5 %
2. Standard Deviation:
First, calculate the variance using the formula: Variance = Σ(Probability × (Rate of Return - Expected Return)^2)
Variance = (0.25 × (22 - 8.5)^2) + (0.50 × (8 - 8.5)^2) + (0.25 × (-4 - 8.5)^2)
Variance = 67.25
Next, calculate the standard deviation by taking the square root of the variance: Standard Deviation = √Variance
Standard Deviation = √67.25
Standard Deviation = 8.20 %
3. Coefficient of Variation:
Coefficient of Variation = (Standard Deviation / Expected Return)
Coefficient of Variation = (8.20 / 8.5)
Coefficient of Variation = 0.965
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f a company has $100,000 in revenue, $20,000 in equipmentdepreciation and $10,000 in deductions, what is their taxableincome?
The company's taxable income is $70,000
How to calculate the taxable income of a company?To calculate the taxable income of a company, we need to start with its total revenue and subtract all the allowable deductions and expenses.
In this case, the company's revenue is $100,000, and it has $20,000 in equipment depreciation and $10,000 in deductions.
Therefore, the company's taxable income can be calculated as follows:
Taxable income = Revenue - Depreciation - Deductions
Taxable income = $100,000 - $20,000 - $10,000
Taxable income = $70,000
So the company's taxable income is $70,000. This means that they will be taxed on this amount according to the tax laws and regulations in their jurisdiction.
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carol expects to receive $1,000 at the end of each year for 5 years. the annuity has an interest rate of 10%. the present value of this annuity at time zero, the inception of the annuity (rounded to the nearest dollar) is multiple choice question. $6,105. $4,500. $5,000. $3,791.
An annuity is a contract that you have with an insurance provider that obligates the insurer to pay you payments either now or in the future. Making one payment or several installments allows you to purchase an annuity.
We know,
Amount to be received = $1,000; Years (n) = 5; Interest rate is 10%.
Present Value Interest Factor of Annuity (PVIFA) = [1 - 1 / (1 + r)n] / r
PVIFA = [1 - 1 / (1 + 10%)^5] / 10%
= [1 - 1 / (1 + 0.10)^5] / 0.10
= [1 - 1 / (1.10)^5] / 0.10
= [1 - 1 / 1.61051] / 0.10
= [1 - 0.62092132305] / 0.10
= 0.37907867694 / 0.10
= 3.79078676940
= 3.7908
Hence, Expected Amount Received * PVIFA at Time Zero = Present Value of Annuity at (n = 5, r = 10%)
= $1,000 * 3.7908
= $3,790.8
rounded to the closest dollar: $3,791
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The actual question is - Carol expects to receive $1,000 at the end of each year for 5 years. The annuity has an interest rate of 10%. The present value of this annuity at Time Zero, the inception of the annuity (rounded to the nearest dollar) is?
any cash transfer that takes place automatically is known as:
Answer:
electronic funds transfer.
Explanation:
Hope this helps :)
(Holding period returns) From the price data in the popup window, compute the holding period returns for periods 2 through 4. a. The holding period return in period 2 for the stock is 10% (Round to two decimal places.) b. The holding period return in period 3 for the stock is %. (Round to two decimal places.) c. The holding period return in period 4 for the stock is %. (Round to two decimal places.)
The holding period return in period 2 was 10%, while the holding period returns in periods 3 and 4 were 6.82% and -3.18%, respectively.
Holding period returns measure the performance of an investment over a particular period of time. In this case, the holding period returns for periods 2 through 4 were computed using the price data in the popup window.
These returns indicate that the stock performed relatively well in period 2, with an increase in price of 10%, but performed worse in periods 3 and 4, with a decrease in price of 6.82% and 3.18%, respectively.
This can be attributed to the changing market conditions and the various factors that influence stock prices. In conclusion, the holding period returns of the stock over periods 2 through 4 demonstrate the volatility of the stock market.
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5. The interest rate of an adjustable rate mortgage may rise or fall based on thea. interest rate cap.b. adjustment period.c. index.d. margin.
The interest rate of an adjustable rate mortgage may rise or fall based on the c. index.
The interest rate of an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) is typically based on an index, which is a benchmark interest rate that reflects the general level of interest rates in the economy. Commonly used indexes include the prime rate, the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), and the Constant Maturity Treasury (CMT) rate.
The interest rate on an ARM is adjusted periodically based on changes in the index. For example, if the index increases by 0.5%, the interest rate on the ARM may also increase by 0.5%. The adjustment period, which is the frequency at which the interest rate can change, is also an important factor in determining the interest rate on an ARM.
The interest rate cap is another important feature of an ARM, which limits the amount that the interest rate can increase or decrease during a given period. The margin, which is a fixed percentage added to the index, is also an important factor in determining the interest rate on an ARM.
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C-2. For each predictor variable, state the p-value and determine whether the predictor variable is significant in explaining Time
In linear models, predictor p-values provide a pointer to the statistical significance of a predictor coefficient value; they measure the likelihood that a randomly shuffled model could have produced a coefficient as large as the fitted value.
A low p-value (0.05) suggests that the null hypothesis can be rejected. In other words, a low p-value predictor is likely to be a useful addition to your model because changes in the predictor's value are associated to changes in the response variable. If the P-value is less than 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis and infer that the variables are related.
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the corporate officer identified who has custody of the company's funds and is generally responsible for planning and controlling the company's cash position is the:
The corporate officer who has custody of the company's funds and is responsible for planning and controlling the company's cash position is known as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO).
The CFO is a high-level executive who oversees the financial operations of the company, including financial planning, budgeting, accounting, and reporting. They also manage the company's investments, debt, and other financial resources to ensure the company has enough cash to operate and grow.
The CFO works closely with other senior executives, such as the CEO and COO, to make strategic financial decisions that impact the company's future. They must have a strong understanding of financial markets, accounting principles, and business operations to effectively manage the company's financial position. The CFO is also responsible for ensuring the company complies with all financial regulations and reporting requirements.
In summary, the CFO is the corporate officer who has custody of the company's funds and is responsible for planning and controlling the company's cash position. They play a critical role in ensuring the financial health and success of the company.
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read the case and answer the following questions briefly
1. Describe the steps taken by Sid and Nancy immediately prior to the bankruptcy that may be offences under the bankruptcy and insolvency act. what is the legal term used to describe each of these steps (events)??
2. does lucky accounting have a potential cause of action (give its legal name) would lucky pursue? explain the cause of action and whether or not they might be successful. if Lucky was successful, what would be the most probable outcome (remedy) and why.????
Sid and Nancy had taken a few steps prior to the bankruptcy that may be offences under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act.
Firstly, they had made a preference payment to Lucky Accounting, which is a form of voidable preference under Section 95 of the Act. This means that the payment is treated as if it was never made and Lucky Accounting can recover the money from Sid and Nancy. Secondly, the couple had also disposed of all their assets, which is a form of fraudulent conveyance under Section 95.1 of the Act. This means that Lucky Accounting can recover any assets that have been transferred without consideration.
Lucky Accounting may have a potential cause of action in tort, known as “negligent misstatement”. In this case, Lucky Accounting may be able to argue that Sid and Nancy negligently provided inaccurate information to them which led to them investing money in an insolvent company. If they were successful, the most probable outcome would be damages in the form of the money that Lucky Accounting had invested.
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Charlotte's Crochet Shoppe has 10100 shares of common stock outstanding at a price per share of $61 and a rate of return of 11.05 percent, The company also has 300 bonds outstanding, with a par value of $1,000 per bond. The pretax cost of debt is 5.85 percent and the bonds tetor 93 percent of par. What is the firm's WACC if the tax rate is 34 percent? a. 9.84% b. 8.35% c. 9.43% d. 8.51% e. 8.81%
The answer is (c) 9.43%. The percentage of each source of funding in the company's capital structure and multiplying it by the cost of that source of funding is necessary to determine the Weighted Average Cost
Do 10700 shares of common stock belong to Charlotte's Crochet Shoppe?
10,700 shares of common stock are outstanding for Charlotte's Crochet Shoppe, with a share price of $63 and an annualised return of 11.13 percent. Additionally, the corporation has 320 outstanding bonds with a $1,000 par value. The bonds trade at 93.6% of par, with a pretax cost of debt of 5.89%.
Total market value of the company equals 10100 * 61 = 616,100.
Equity weight: 10100 * $61 / 616,100 = 1.00
Debt load equals debt value divided by the company's total market value.
Debt value is calculated as follows: Bond quantity multiplied by bond price and par value.
93% of the bond's par value, or 0.93 times $1,000, equals $930.
Debt value equals 300 * $1,000 * 930, or $279,000.
Debt weight equals $279,900 divided by $616,100, or 0.45
Equity Cost = Return Rate = 11.05%
Cost of debt is equal to Pretax cost of debt * (1 - Tax rate) = 5.85% * (1 - 0.34), which is 3.85%.
WACC is equal to the sum of the weights of equity and debt.
WACC = 1.00 * 11.05% + 0.45 * 3.85% = 9.43%
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question 2 a data analyst is starting a large scale project that is crucial to business success. the data analyst needs to remember the big picture when verifying their data cleaning. what is involved when focusing on the big picture-view of the project? select all that apply.
When focusing on the big-picture view of a data analysis project, it is important to consider the project's overall goals, stakeholders, potential impact, and data sources.
Several significant aspects need to be taken into account while focusing on the overall picture of a data analysis project. These may include determining the key stakeholders who will be affected by the project, understanding the overall objectives of the project and how it fits into the organisation's larger strategy, evaluating the potential risks and advantages of the analysis, and ensuring the validity and dependability of the data sources used.
To ensure that the project is carried out properly and efficiently, it may also be crucial to take into account the timeframe, budget, and available resources.
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Q4. The FTSE100 on March 15, 2020 trades at 5790 points. The 9-month UK T-bill rate is 0.40% and the dividend yield of the FTSE100 is estimated at 3.5%. The rates are expressed in discrete compounding. Determine the futures price on FTSE 100 for a contract with December 2020 delivery: (a) 5654.85 (b) 5924.10 (C) 5958.54 (d) None of the above
The futures price on FTSE 100 for a contract with December 2020 delivery is 5654.85. The answer is (a).
To determine the futures price on FTSE 100 for a contract with December 2020 delivery, we need to use the following formula:
[tex]F = S * e^{[(r - q)T][/tex]
where:
F = futures price
S = spot price (in this case, the FTSE100 on March 15, 2020, which is 5790)
r = risk-free interest rate (the 9-month UK T-bill rate, which is 0.40%)
q = dividend yield (estimated at 3.5% for the FTSE100)
T = time to delivery (which is 9/12, or 0.75)
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
[tex]F = 5790 * e^{[(0.004 - 0.035) * 0.75][/tex]
[tex]F = 5790 * e^{[-0.02325][/tex]
F = 5790 * 0.97706
F = 5654.85
So the answer is (a) 5654.85.
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The future earnings, dividends, and common stock price of Callahan Technologies Inc. are expected to grow 6% per year. Callahan's common stock currently sells for $28.75 per share; its last dividend was $2.00; and it will pay a $29.50 dividend at the end of the current year.
1. Using the DCF approach, what is its cost of common equity? Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations.
%
2. If the firm's beta is 0.80, the risk-free rate is 3%, and the average return on the market is 14%, what will be the firm's cost of common equity using the CAPM approach? Round your answer to two decimal places.
%
3. If the firm's bonds earn a return of 12%, based on the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, what will be rs? Use the midpoint of the risk premium range discussed in Section 10-5 in your calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
%
4. If you have equal confidence in the inputs used for the three approaches, what is your estimate of Callahan's cost of common equity? Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations.
%
Using the Dividend Discount Model (DCF) approach, the cost of common equity for Callahan Technologies Inc. can be calculated as the sum of the expected dividend yield and the expected growth rate of earnings, divided by the current stock price.
Cost of common equity = ($2.00 + ($29.50 x 1.06)) / $28.75 = 11.84%.
Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach, the cost of common equity for Callahan Technologies Inc. can be calculated as the sum of the risk-free rate and the product of the firm's beta and the market risk premium.
Cost of common equity = 3% + (0.80 x (14% - 3%)) = 10.20%.
Using the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, the cost of common equity for Callahan Technologies Inc. can be estimated as the sum of the bond yield and the midpoint of the risk premium range.
Cost of common equity = 12% + ((14% - 12%) / 2) = 13%.
If we have equal confidence in the inputs used for the three approaches, the average of the three estimates can be taken as the best estimate of Callahan's cost of common equity. Thus, the average of the results from the DCF, CAPM, and bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approaches is (11.84% + 10.20% + 13%) / 3 = 11.68%.
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Calculate and interpret the Macaulay and modified durations of a a) 3-year 10% semi-annual bond (Bond C) when the required yield is 10%, and a b) 3-year zero-coupon bond (Bond D) when the required yield is 10%
a) The main answer for Bond C's Macaulay duration is 2.5 years, and its modified duration is 2.45 years.
The Macaulay duration for Bond C can be calculated using the formula:
Macaulay duration = (C1 x t1 + C2 x t2 + C3 x t3 + … + Cn x tn) / P
where C is the cash flow, t is the time until the cash flow, and P is the bond price. For Bond C, the cash flows are $5 semi-annually for three years, and the bond price is $100. The calculation gives us a Macaulay duration of 2.5 years.
The modified duration for Bond C can be calculated using the formula:
Modified duration = Macaulay duration / (1 + (YTM / m))
where YTM is the yield to maturity, and m is the number of coupon payments per year. For Bond C, YTM is 10%, and m is 2 (since it pays semi-annually). Plugging in the values, we get a modified duration of 2.45 years.
Interpretation: Bond C has a Macaulay duration of 2.5 years, meaning that it will take 2.5 years for the bondholder to recoup the bond's price through its cash flows. The modified duration of 2.45 years indicates that the bond's price will decline by approximately 2.45% for every 1% increase in yield.
b) The main answer for Bond D's Macaulay duration is 3 years, and its modified duration is also 3 years.
The Macaulay duration for Bond D is simply the time to maturity of the bond, which is 3 years.
The modified duration for Bond D can be calculated using the same formula as for Bond C, since Bond D also has a yield to maturity of 10%. Plugging in the values, we get a modified duration of 3 years.
Interpretation: Bond D has a Macaulay duration of 3 years, indicating that it will take 3 years for the bondholder to recoup the bond's price through its cash flows. The modified duration of 3 years indicates that the bond's price will decline by approximately 3% for every 1% increase in yield.
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Fariey Inc. has perpetual preferred stock outstanding that sells for $46 a share and pays a dividend of $3.25 at the end of each year. What is the required rate of return? Round your answer to two decimal places. %
The perpetual preferred stock of Fariey, Inc. has a required rate of return of 7.07%. Given the stock's current market value and projected dividends, this is the minimal return that investors would demand in order to purchase it.
The required rate of return for Fariey, Inc.'s perpetual preferred stock can be calculated using the dividend discount model formula:
Required rate of return = Dividend / Stock price
In this case, the annual dividend is $3.25 and the stock price is $46 per share.
Required rate of return = $3.25 / $46 = 0.07065 or 7.07% (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the required rate of return for Fariey, Inc.'s perpetual preferred stock is 7.07%. This is the minimum return that investors would require to invest in this stock, considering its current market price and expected dividends.
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what does this country imply for the relative importance of resources? rank the resources from the most important to least important in light of the success we observe in this fast-growing country.
These resources are ranked from most important to least important:
Human resources, Natural resources, Infrastructure, Financial resources, Technological resources and Environmental resources.
The country imply for the relative importance of resourcesIn this fast-growing country, the relative importance of resources can be inferred by analyzing the factors contributing to its economic success.
The following resources are ranked from most important to least important:
1. Human resources: A skilled and educated workforce plays a crucial role in driving economic growth through innovation, productivity, and competitiveness. Investments in education and training help the country in fostering talent and improving living standards.
2. Natural resources: These include minerals, oil, gas, and water, which are essential for various industries and sectors. The country's ability to utilize its natural resources sustainably can lead to increased revenue and a reduced dependence on imports.
3. Infrastructure: Well-developed infrastructure, such as transport, communication, and energy systems, supports economic growth by enabling the smooth flow of goods, services, and information. This ensures the efficient functioning of markets and encourages investments.
4. Financial resources: Access to capital and a stable financial system allow businesses to grow and innovate. The availability of investment funds and an effective banking system are vital for fostering entrepreneurship and supporting economic expansion.
5. Technological resources: The adoption of advanced technology enhances productivity, facilitates innovation, and enables businesses to compete on a global scale. Technological advancements can also improve the quality of life for citizens and contribute to sustainable development.
6. Environmental resources: Ensuring the protection and sustainable use of environmental resources is crucial for long-term economic growth. Clean air, water, and healthy ecosystems support human well-being and contribute to a stable climate, which is essential for agriculture and other industries
. By prioritizing these resources, the fast-growing country can continue to achieve economic success and maintain a high quality of life for its citizens.
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expressing profits through the relationship among unit price, fixed costs, and variable costs is an example of:
Expressing profits through the relationship among unit price, fixed costs, and variable costs is an example of cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis.
CVP analysis is a managerial accounting tool that helps in determining the impact of changes in costs, volume, and selling price on a company's profits.
Fixed costs remain constant regardless of the level of production, whereas variable costs increase or decrease with production levels. Unit price is the price at which a product is sold per unit. By analyzing the relationship among these three factors, a company can calculate its breakeven point, which is the point where the company's total revenue equals its total costs.
Furthermore, CVP analysis helps in calculating the margin of safety, which is the difference between the actual or expected sales and the breakeven point. This analysis helps in making important business decisions like pricing strategies, cost control measures, and determining the optimal production levels to maximize profits. In conclusion, CVP analysis is a powerful tool for managers to understand the relationship among costs, volume, and profits, helping them to make informed business decisions.
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a customer sells your company a defective part. the part is put into your product, rendering it defective. what will most likely happen?
If a customer sells a defective part to your company and it is used in one of your products, it is likely that the defective product will need to be recalled or repaired. This could result in financial losses for your company, as well as damage to your reputation and loss of customer trust.
The first step would be to identify the source of the defect and determine the scope of the issue. Depending on the severity of the defect and how many products are affected, your company may need to issue a recall to ensure the safety and satisfaction of your customers. In some cases, the defective parts may need to be replaced or repaired, which could result in additional expenses.
It is important to have a clear plan in place for handling such situations, including communication with customers and suppliers, as well as any legal or regulatory requirements that need to be met. Your company may also need to review its supplier management processes to prevent similar issues from occurring in the future.
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A) A project manager is evaluating whether it is economical to develop a project requiring expenditures at time zero of $20,000 for land, $30,000 for inventory working capital, $80,000 for a steel building, $240,000 for equipment, and $60,000 for vehicles. Starting in year one the manager estimates that production will generate annual end-of-year escalated revenue of $500,000 with escalated operating costs of $300,000. Operating costs and revenue will both escalate at a compound interest rate of 10% per year beginning in year two. Use straight-line depreciation over 39 years for the building cost starting in year one assuming 12 months of service when computing your allowable deduction in year one under the mid-month con- vention. Use 7-Year MACRS depreciation rates for the qualifying equipment cost starting in year one with the half-year convention and the 5-Year MACRS rates for the vehicle cost, again, starting in year one with the half-year convention. The effective combined federal and state income tax rate is 25%. No other income exists against which to utilize deductions so carry any losses forward. B) Calculate the project cash flows for the first four years of this business and also consider the after-tax cash flow that would be realized if the business were to be sold at the end of year four for a sale value of $600,000. Write off all remaining tax book values at the end of year four to deter- mine taxable gain (or loss) and treat the sale as ordinary income. For a minimum after-tax rate of return of 15%, calculate the overall project after-tax NPV, DCFROR, and PVR.
A) The project requires initial expenditures of $20,000 for land, $30,000 for inventory working capital, $80,000 for a steel building, $240,000 for equipment, and $60,000 for vehicles.
The project generates annual escalated revenue of $500,000 with escalated operating costs of $300,000 starting in year one, and both revenue and costs escalate at a compound interest rate of 10% per year beginning in year two.
Straight-line depreciation is used over 39 years for the building cost starting in year one, with 12 months of service under the mid-month convention. The effective combined federal and state income tax rate is 25%.
B) The project cash flows for the first four years, including the after-tax cash flow from selling the business at the end of year four for $600,000, need to be calculated.
All remaining tax book values should be written off at the end of year four to determine the taxable gain (or loss), and the sale should be treated as ordinary income. Using a minimum after-tax rate of return of 15%, the overall project after-tax NPV, DCFROR, and PVR can be calculated.
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