As stated by the textbook authors, "Central bankers have a longlist of goals and a short list of tools they can use to achievethem." What are the goals and what are the tools available tocentral ba nkers? What primary tool do most central bankers use today? Why?

Answers

Answer 1

Central bankers' goals include promoting price stability, maintaining full employment, promoting economic growth and financial stability. List of tools at their disposal to achieve these goals are open market operations, discount rate, and reserve requirements.

The goals of central bankers include:

1. Price stability: Maintaining low and stable inflation.

2. Full employment: Promoting high levels of employment.

3. Economic growth: Encouraging sustainable long-term growth.

4. Financial stability: Ensuring a stable and well-functioning financial system.

The tools available to central bankers are:

1. Open market operations: Buying and selling government securities to influence the money supply.

2. Discount rate: Setting the interest rate charged to commercial banks for borrowing from the central bank.

3. Reserve requirements: Regulating the amount of reserves commercial banks must hold against deposits.

The primary tool most central bankers use today is open market operations. This is because it allows them to effectively control the money supply and adjust interest rates, thus influencing economic activity and achieving their goals. Open market operations are also more flexible and easier to implement compared to other tools.

However, it's worth noting that different central bankers may have different preferences when it comes to which tools to use. For example, some may prefer to use quantitative easing, which involves buying large quantities of government bonds or other securities to increase the money supply and lower interest rates. Ultimately, the tools that central bankers use will depend on a variety of factors, including the specific goals they are trying to achieve and the current economic conditions in their respective countries.

Learn more about Open market operations:

https://brainly.com/question/14256204

#SPJ11


Related Questions

when preparing the balance sheet for papago company for december 31, 2021, which item would not be classified as a current liability? multiple choice note payable due march 1, 2023 accounts payable income taxes due on september 15, 2022 the current portion of a 30-year mortgage

Answers

In the given options, the item that would not be classified as a current liability is the current portion of a 30-year mortgage

The current portion of a 30-year mortgage would not be classified as a current liability.

Current liabilities are those obligations that are due within one year or the company's operating cycle, whichever is longer. Examples of current liabilities include accounts payable, notes payable due within one year, and income taxes payable.

The current portion of a long-term liability, such as a 30-year mortgage, represents the portion of the principal that is due within the next 12 months. This amount is classified as a current liability on the balance sheet. However, the remaining portion of the mortgage, which is not due within the next 12 months, would be classified as a long-term liability.

To learn more about   mortgage.. here

https://brainly.com/question/1318711

#SPJ4

1. Next year’s expected firm earnings are $8,000, shares outstanding 2000, ROE=16% required rate of return k= 9%, your plowback ratio b=17% and assuming constant growth dividends. Calculate the PVGO
Please use 5 decimal places in your response
2. Next year’s expected firm earnings are $6,000, shares outstanding 1000, ROE=13% required rate of return k= 10%, your plowback ratio b=20% and assuming constant growth dividends. Calculate todays price P0
Please use 4 decimal places in your response

Answers

1. To calculate the PVGO with given values, first, find the dividend payout ratio (1 - b) which is 1 - 0.17 = 0.83. Next, calculate the earnings per share (EPS) by dividing the expected firm earnings by the number of shares outstanding, which is $8,000 / 2,000 = $4.

Then, determine the dividend per share (DPS) by multiplying EPS by the dividend payout ratio, which is $4 * 0.83 = $3.32. Now, calculate the growth rate (g) by multiplying the plow back ratio by the ROE, which is 0.17 * 0.16 = 0.0272.

Finally, calculate the PVGO using the formula PVGO = (DPS / (kg)) - (EPS / k), which is ($3.32 / (0.09 - 0.0272)) - ($4 / 0.09) = 48.50617 - 44.44444 = 4.06173.

2. To calculate today's price P0, follow similar steps as in the first calculation. Find the EPS, which is $6,000 / 1,000 = $6.

Calculate the DPS using the payout ratio (1 - b) = 1 - 0.20 = 0.80, resulting in a DPS of $6 * 0.80 = $4.80. Calculate the growth rate (g) as 0.20 * 0.13 = 0.026. Lastly, use the Gordon growth model to find P0: P0 = DPS / (kg), which is $4.80 / (0.10 - 0.026) = $64.0000.

To know more about earnings per share (EPS) refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/28580496#

#SPJ11

actions an employer can take to work toward inclusion of those historically underrepresented in the workplace include all of the following except: group of answer choices hiring and training groups that have been underrepresented recruiting from groups the employer hasn't previously made an attempt to recruit from mentoring, management training, and other development hiring individuals from underrepresented groups, even if not fully qualified

Answers

The actions an employer can take to work toward inclusion of those historically underrepresented in the workplace include all of the following except hiring individuals from underrepresented groups, even if not fully qualified.

The other options, such as hiring and training groups that have been underrepresented, recruiting from groups the employer hasn't previously made an attempt to recruit from, and providing mentoring, management training, and other development, are all positive steps toward promoting workplace diversity and inclusion.

However, hiring individuals who are not fully qualified for a position could potentially undermine the objective of achieving a diverse and inclusive workplace, as it might result in lowered performance or negative perceptions from other employees. Instead, focusing on hiring qualified candidates and providing opportunities for growth and development can create a more equitable and inclusive environment for all employees.

To know more about workplace click here

https://brainly.com/question/31281236

#SPJ11

The common stock of NCP paid 1.32 in dividends last year. Dividends are expected to grow at an 8% annual rate for an indefinite number of years.
a. If NCP's current market price is $23.50 per share, what is the stock's expected rate of return?
b. If your required rate of return is 10.5 %, what is the value of the stock for that investor?
c. Should you make the investment?

Answers

Given that your required rate of return is 10.5% and the stock value ($57.024) is higher than the current market price ($23.50), it is clear that the stock is undervalued and would be a wise investment.

We'll be using the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) to solve the problem.

a. To calculate the stock's expected rate of return, we'll use the following formula:
Expected Rate of Return = (Dividend1 / Current Market Price) + Dividend growth rate

First, we need to find Dividend1, which is the dividend for the next year. We have:
Dividend0 = $1.32 (last year's dividend)
Dividend Growth Rate = 8%

Dividend1 = Dividend0 * (1 + Dividend Growth Rate)
Dividend1 = $1.32 * (1 + 0.08)
Dividend1 = $1.4256

Now, we can calculate the expected rate of return:
Expected Rate of Return = ($1.4256 / $23.50) + 0.08
Expected Rate of Return = 0.06066 + 0.08
Expected Rate of Return = 0.14066 or 14.066%

b. To find the value of the stock for an investor with a required rate of return of 10.5%, we'll use the DDM formula:
Stock Value = Dividend1 / (Required Rate of Return - Dividend Growth Rate)

Stock Value = $1.4256 / (0.105 - 0.08)
Stock Value = $1.4256 / 0.025
Stock Value = $57.024

c. To determine if you should make the investment, compare the stock value with the current market price. In this case:
Stock Value = $57.024
Current Market Price = $23.50

Since the stock value ($57.024) is greater than the current market price ($23.50), it indicates that the stock is undervalued, and it would be a good investment based on your required rate of return of 10.5%.

For more such questions on investment, click on:

https://brainly.com/question/29547577

#SPJ11

gilbert company made an ordinary repair to a delivery truck during 2022 at a cost of $500 and capitalized the repair cost. what is the effect on the 2022 financial statements as a result of the incorrect capitalization?

Answers

If Gilbert Company made an ordinary repair to a delivery truck during 2022 at a cost of $500 and capitalized the repair cost, the effect on the 2022 financial statements would be that assets and net income are both overstated.  

Assets and net income are both overstated:

If Gilbert Company made an ordinary repair to a delivery truck during 2022 at a cost of $500 and capitalized the repair cost, the effect on the 2022 financial statements would be that assets and net income are both overstated. This is because the repair cost should have been expensed as a repair and maintenance expense, rather than being capitalized and added to the value of the delivery truck.

By incorrectly capitalizing the repair cost, the company has increased the value of its assets on the balance sheet, which in turn will result in an inflated net income on the income statement due to depreciation expense being lower than it should be. This overstatement can lead to a misrepresentation of the company's financial health and profitability.  

To know more about Assets and net income.

visit:

https://brainly.com/question/15700883

#SPJ11

Suppose you came into some money and looking for a bond to invest in. You found a $1,000, with 7 years left to maturity bond. If the bond has a 7% coupon rate but pays interest semi-annually and you require a 5% return on your investment, how much are you willing to pay for the bond? (Round your answer to two decimal point)

Answers

I am willing to pay $985.81 today for this bond if you require a 5% return on your investment.

How to calculate the price of the bond?

To calculate the price of the bond, we need to find the present value of all the future cash flows (interest payments and principal repayment) discounted at the required rate of return of 5%.

The bond has a face value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 7% paid semi-annually, so the semi-annual coupon payment is:

Coupon payment = Face value * Coupon rate / 2

= $1,000 * 7% / 2

= $35

Since the bond pays interest semi-annually, there will be 14 coupon payments (7 years x 2 payments per year) of $35 each. At the end of the 7th year, the bond will also pay back the face value of $1,000.

Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we can find the present value of the 14 coupon payments:

PV of coupons = Coupon payment * [1 - 1/(1+r)^n] / r

where r is the required rate of return and n is the number of periods (in this case, 14 semi-annual periods).

Plugging in the values, we get:

PV of coupons = $35 * [1 - 1/(1+5%/2)^14] / (5%/2)

= $444.94

Using the formula for the present value of a single sum, we can find the present value of the face value payment:

PV of face value = Face value / (1+r)^n

Plugging in the values, we get:

PV of face value = $1,000 / (1+5%)^14

= $540.87

Therefore, the total present value of the bond's cash flows is:

Total present value = PV of coupons + PV of face value

= $444.94 + $540.87

= $985.81

So you are willing to pay $985.81 today for this bond if you require a 5% return on your investment.

Learn more about cash flows

brainly.com/question/30736595

#SPJ11

what is the central role of financial intermediaries in a market economy?group of answer choicesproviding safe deposit boxes for people and businessesthe creation and printing of moneybringing together savers and borrowerskeeping the price level stable

Answers

The central role of financial intermediaries in a market economy is bringing together savers and borrowers.

Financial intermediaries are generally used for financial transactions. This usually takes place between different banks.

These types of intermediaries lower the cost of doing business. For leasing purposes, we should use financial intermediaries, and also defer ourselves from accepting credits from the public in this scenario.

To learn more about financial intermediaries,

https://brainly.com/question/30780098

7. Nestle products Ltd includes in its account system a

purchase and sales ledger control account. The firms' trial

balance as at 31 March, 2018 includes the following

entries.

Purchases ledger control account

Sales ledger control account

The following is a summary of the firms' transactions with its suppliers:

1. Goods purchased and received from suppliers

(a) Gross invoice value before trade discount

(b) Net invoice price after trade discount

2. Goods returned to suppliers

(a) Gross invoice value before trade discount

(b) Gross invoice/price after trade discount

3. Amount due to suppliers

(a) Total amount

(b) Settled by payment of

4. Goods sold to customers:

(a) gross invoice value price before discount

(b) Net invoice value price after discount

5. Goods returned from customers:

(a) Gross invoice value before trade discount

(b)Net invoice price after trade discount

6. Amount due from customers:

GH¢'000

Dr 1,242

Cr 24,647

Dr 39,650

Cr

941

210,756

176,410

16,476

15,113

163,300

159,400

344,700

310,690

7,600

6,764

(a) Full amount

(b) Settle by receipts of

7. Customers debt written off

Additional information:

• It has been decided to create a provision for doubtful debt at

31/3/18 of 12%2% of the total amount due from customers

indebted to the firm. There was no provision for doubtful debt

in the trial Balance at 31 March, 2019

307,610

306,540

970

• At 31st March, 2019 both the purchases and sales ledgers

included accounts with K. M, purchases ledger GH¢1,630,000

(credit), sales ledger GH¢1,268,000 (debit).

• It has been decided to set off K. M's sales ledger balances

against the balance in purchases ledger. The purchases ledger

at 31st March, 2019 included the following account with debit

balances G. G GH¢930,000, L. B GH/420,000.

• The sales ledger at 31st March, 2019 included the following

accounts with credit balances P. H GH¢230,000, H. P

GH¢83,000, K. B GH¢500,000.

You are required to prepare the following account for the year

ended 31st March 2019 in the books of Nestle products Ltd.

(a) Payables ledger control account

(b) Receivables ledger control account

Answers

The required accounts to be prepared for the year ended 31st March 2019 in the books of Nestle products Ltd are:

(a) Payables ledger control account(b) Receivables ledger control account

To prepare these accounts, the given information regarding the transactions with suppliers and customers is used. The purchases ledger control account and sales ledger control account balances are also considered. The provision for doubtful debts is accounted for in the receivables ledger control account.

The accounts with K. M are set off against each other. The debit balances in the purchases ledger accounts of G. G and L. B are adjusted, and the credit balances in the sales ledger accounts of P. H, H. P, and K. B are adjusted.

The payables ledger control account is prepared to show the balance owed to suppliers, while the receivables ledger control account is prepared to show the balance owed by customers. These accounts help in determining the total payables and receivables of the company at the end of the financial year.

To learn more about Payables ledger, here

https://brainly.com/question/17201999

#SPJ4

Your stock has a β = 2.77, the expected return on the stock
market is 16.67%, and the yield on T-bills is 6%. What is the
expected return on your stock?

Answers

To calculate the expected return on your stock, we can use the following formula: Expected return = risk-free rate + β * (market return - risk-free rate)Plugging in the given values, we get:
Expected return = 6% + 2.77 * (16.67% - 6%)
Expected return = 6% + 2.77 * 10.67%
Expected return = 6% + 29.50%
Expected return = 35.50%
Therefore, the expected return on your stock is 35.50%.The expected return on the stock can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):Expected return on stock = Risk-free rate + Beta*(Expected market return - Risk-free rate)

Read more about Capital Asset here:https://brainly.com/question/15300072

#SPJ11

a physical inventory taken on december 31, 2020, resulted in an ending inventory of $1,050,000. jep's markup on cost has remained constant at 32% in recent years. jep suspects that an unusual amount of inventory may have been damaged and disposed of without appropriate tracking. at december 31, 2020, what is the estimated cost of missing inventory?

Answers

The estimated cost of missing inventory is $538,235.30. However, it's important to note that this is just an estimate and further investigation would be necessary to determine the actual cost of missing inventory.

To calculate the estimated cost of missing inventory, we need to use the retail inventory method. The retail inventory method is a way to estimate the cost of inventory by using the ratio of the cost of goods available for sale to the retail price of goods available for sale.

First, we need to determine the cost of goods available for sale. We know the ending inventory at cost is $1,050,000, but we don't have information on the cost of goods sold. However, we can use the retail inventory method to estimate the cost of goods sold.

Let's assume that the total cost of goods available for sale is $3,000,000 (this includes the ending inventory at cost plus the cost of goods sold). We also know that Jep's markup on cost is 32%, which means that the cost of goods is 68% of the selling price.

Using this information, we can calculate the total selling price of goods available for sale as follows:

Selling price = Cost / (1 - Markup on cost)

Selling price = $3,000,000 / (1 - 0.32)

Selling price = $4,411,765.96

Next, we need to calculate the cost of goods sold:

Cost of goods sold = Selling price x (1 - Gross margin ratio)

Cost of goods sold = $4,411,765.96 x (1 - 0.68)

Cost of goods sold = $1,411,764.70

Now we can calculate the estimated cost of missing inventory:

Estimated cost of missing inventory = Cost of goods available for sale - Ending inventory at cost - Cost of goods sold

Estimated cost of missing inventory = $3,000,000 - $1,050,000 - $1,411,764.70

Estimated cost of missing inventory = $538,235.30

Click the below link, to learn more about Inventory:

https://brainly.com/question/14184995

#SPJ11

although a firm's existing mix of financing sources may reflect its target capital structure, it is ultimately . group of answer choices the internal rate of return that is relevant for evaluating the firm's future investment opportunities the marginal cost of capital that is relevant for evaluating the firm's future investment opportunities the risk-free rate of return that is relevant for evaluating the firm's future investment opportunities the risk-free rate of return that is relevant for evaluating the firm's future financing opportunities

Answers

While a firm's existing mix of financing sources and target capital structure are important considerations, they are ultimately less relevant than the marginal cost of capital when evaluating the firm's future investment opportunities.

The most important factor to consider when evaluating a firm's future investment opportunities is the marginal cost of capital. The marginal cost of capital refers to the cost of obtaining additional funds to finance a new project or investment. It takes into account the various sources of financing available to the firm, including debt, equity, and other forms of financing.

When a firm is considering a new investment opportunity, it will typically need to raise additional funds to finance the project. The cost of these funds will depend on the firm's existing financing mix, as well as the current market conditions for different types of financing. For example, if interest rates are low, the cost of debt financing may be relatively cheap, while equity financing may be more expensive.

To evaluate the potential return on a new investment opportunity, it is important to compare the expected return on the investment to the marginal cost of capital. If the expected return on the investment is greater than the marginal cost of capital, then the investment is likely to be profitable for the firm. However, if the expected return is lower than the marginal cost of capital, then the investment is unlikely to generate a positive return for the firm.

It is worth noting that the risk-free rate of return can also be relevant when evaluating a firm's future investment opportunities. The risk-free rate of return refers to the rate of return on a risk-free investment, such as a government bond. This rate can be used as a benchmark for comparing the expected return on a new investment opportunity. If the expected return on the investment is significantly higher than the risk-free rate of return, then the investment may be worth considering.

Click the below link, to learn more about marginal cost:

https://brainly.com/question/7781429

#SPJ11

The term 'Time inconsistency of optimal policy' refers to:
Select one:
a.
An incentive to deviate from the natural rate of
unemployment.
b.
The setting up of an independent central bank.
c.
An incenti

Answers

The term 'Time inconsistency of optimal policy' refers to the tendency of policymakers to deviate from the optimal policy they had originally set due to changing circumstances.

This inconsistency can lead to suboptimal outcomes in the long run. For example, a central bank may promise to keep inflation low, but if unemployment rises, policymakers may be tempted to deviate from this policy to stimulate the economy, which could lead to higher inflation in the future.

To avoid this, policymakers need to consider the long-term consequences of their actions and stick to their original policies as much as possible. The concept of time inconsistency of optimal policy is crucial for understanding the challenges of macroeconomic policy.

To know more about inflation click on below link:

https://brainly.com/question/28190771#

#SPJ11

1. which item(s) in the income statement shown above will not affect cash flows? (you may select more than one answer. single click the box with the question mark to produce a check mark for a correct answer and double click the box with the question mark to empty the box for a wrong answer. any boxes left with a question mark will be automatically graded as incorrect.)

Answers

The correct response is that cash flows will not be affected by the depreciation charge. Deterioration costs are recorded utilizing the income explanation's aberrant methodology, not its immediate strategy.

How is income influenced?

Since operating cash flow begins with net income, any changes in net income would affect cash flow from operating activities. If costs rise or sales decrease, operational operations will experience a decrease in cash flow, resulting in a decrease in net income.

There is a cash flow problem when the amount of money going out of the company exceeds the amount coming in. As a result, you won't have enough money to pay your bills, pay back loans, pay your suppliers, or run your business profitably.

A company can improve cash flow by using high-interest savings accounts, increasing inventory, checking consumer credit, offering incentives for early payments, leasing rather than purchasing, and so on.

Learn more about cash flow:

brainly.com/question/30736595

#SPJ1

product mix breadth. corporate stakeholder relations. profitability. brand liability. perceived brand personality.

Answers

Product mix breadth: Product mix breadth refers to the number of product lines or categories offered by a company.

A company with a wide product mix breadth offers a diverse range of products, while a company with a narrow product mix breadth offers a limited range of products. The product mix breadth can affect a company's profitability, as a wider product mix breadth may attract a larger customer base, but may also increase the complexity of operations and distribution.

1.Corporate stakeholder relations: Corporate stakeholder relations refer to the interactions and relationships that a company has with its various stakeholders, including customers, employees, investors, suppliers, and the wider community. Good stakeholder relations can help a company build trust and loyalty among its stakeholders, and can also contribute to the company's reputation and long-term success.

2.Profitability: Profitability refers to a company's ability to generate profits, which is essential for its survival and growth. A company's profitability is influenced by a variety of factors, including its pricing strategy, cost structure, market demand, competition, and overall efficiency and productivity.

3.Brand liability: Brand liability refers to the potential legal and financial risks associated with a company's brand, including issues such as trademark infringement, product liability, and false advertising claims. A company with strong brand liability management practices can minimize these risks and protect its reputation and financial stability.

4.Perceived brand personality: Perceived brand personality refers to the traits, characteristics, and values that customers associate with a company's brand. These perceptions can be shaped by a variety of factors, including advertising, product design, customer service, and social responsibility. A strong and positive brand personality can help a company differentiate itself from competitors, build customer loyalty, and ultimately drive sales and profitability.

Learn more about employees here:

https://brainly.com/question/21847040

#SPJ11

the future value of an ordinary annuity table is used when calculating multiple choice question. the present value of a series of payments. the present value of a single amount. the future value of a series of payments.

Answers

The future value of an ordinary annuity table is a tool used to calculate the future value of a series of payments made at the end of each period over a certain number of periods.

This table helps individuals determine the amount they will have in the future based on their current investment or savings plan. By using the table, investors can estimate the value of their investment at the end of the investment period, assuming they make regular, equal payments.

The table is also useful in calculating the present value of a series of payments. By taking the future value of these payments and discounting it back to the present, individuals can determine the amount they would need to invest today to achieve their desired future value. This is known as the present value of an ordinary annuity.

The present value of a single amount is also important to consider when investing. This refers to the value of a lump sum payment today that will grow over time, assuming a certain rate of return. By understanding the present value of a single amount, investors can better determine how much they need to invest to reach their financial goals.

In summary, the future value of an ordinary annuity table is a valuable tool for investors to determine the future value of their investments and savings plans. It can also be used to calculate the present value of a series of payments and a single lump sum payment.

Learn more about ordinary annuity table here: https://brainly.com/question/30210003

#SPJ11

archaeologists have found little evidence of any hospitality or tourism businesses; it appears that the industry started in more modern times.

Answers

This statement is generally true. While there may have been some limited forms of hospitality or tourism businesses in ancient times (such as inns or lodgings for travelers), the modern tourism industry, as we know it today, did not emerge until the 19th and 20th centuries.

Before the modern era, travel was often difficult and dangerous, and most people traveled only out of necessity, such as for trade, pilgrimage, or military purposes. While there were some notable examples of early tourism, such as the Grand Tour of Europe undertaken by wealthy young men in the 17th and 18th centuries, these were the exception rather than the rule.

The growth of the modern tourism industry was fueled by a combination of factors, including improvements in transportation (such as the development of railroads and steamships), rising levels of income and leisure time, and the emergence of new forms of tourism such as beach resorts and theme parks.

To know more about hospitality here

https://brainly.com/question/618712

#SPJ4

While there may not be much evidence of hospitality or tourism businesses in ancient times, this is not surprising given the informal nature of these industries and the fact that the concept of tourism as we know it today did not exist. The modern hospitality and tourism industry has its roots in the 19th century and has grown rapidly in the years since, becoming a significant contributor to many national economies around the world.

Archaeologists have indeed found little evidence of hospitality or tourism businesses in ancient times, indicating that these industries started in more modern times. This lack of evidence could be attributed to a number of reasons. Firstly, hospitality and tourism were not highly organized industries in ancient times, and therefore the physical remains of such businesses may not have been well-preserved.

Additionally, hospitality and tourism were often provided on an informal basis by local residents, making it difficult for archaeologists to distinguish between a residential structure and a hospitality establishment.Another factor that may have contributed to the lack of evidence is that the concept of tourism as we know it today did not exist in ancient times. Instead, people traveled for reasons such as trade, religious pilgrimage, or military conquest.

These journeys were often arduous and dangerous, and travelers were primarily concerned with finding shelter and provisions rather than recreational activities.It wasn't until the 19th century that the concept of tourism as a leisure activity began to emerge, and with it, the development of a more formal hospitality industry. This industry grew rapidly throughout the 20th century, fueled by advances in transportation and communication technology, and the increasing wealth and leisure time of the middle class.

For more such questions on hospitality

https://brainly.com/question/31440281

#SPJ11

Apocalyptica Corp. pays a constant $22 dividend on its stock. The company will maintain this dividend for the next 14 years and will then cease paying dividends forever. Required: If the required return on this stock is 15 percent, what is the current share price?

Answers

The current share price of Apocalyptica Corp. is $70.62.

Since the company will maintain the constant dividend for 14 years and then cease paying dividends forever, this is an example of a perpetuity followed by a lump sum payment.

We can use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity followed by a lump sum payment to calculate the current share price:

Current Share Price = (Annual Dividend / Required Return) x (1 - (1 + g)⁻ᴺ) + (Lump Sum Payment / (1 + Required Return)ⁿ)

Where:

Annual Dividend = $22

Required Return = 15%

g = 0% (since the dividend is constant)

N = 14 years

Lump Sum Payment = Present Value of the perpetuity after year 14 = (Annual Dividend / (Required Return - g)) x (1 - (1 + g)⁻ᴺ) = ($22 / (0.15 - 0)) x (1 - (1 + 0)⁻¹⁴) = $253.42

n = 14 years

Plugging in the values, we get:

Current Share Price = ($22 / 0.15) x (1 - (1 + 0)⁻¹⁴) + ($253.42 / (1 + 0.15)¹⁴) = $70.62 (rounded to the nearest cent)

To know more about share price, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/802532#
#SPJ11

8. Determine the beta of a portfolio formed by 30% risk-free asset, 25% stocks of UBS with a volatility of 15% and with a beta of 0.8; 65% in Unilever stocks with a variance of 0.0012 and a beta equal to 0,6 and a short selling position equal to 20% in corporate bonds of Eon with a beta of 0,3. A) Beta between 0, 45 and 0,55 B) Beta between 0,6 and 0,7 C) Beta between 0,33 and 0,43 D) None of the above

Answers

The beta of the given portfolio is beta between 0.45 and 0.55 Therefore, the correct option is A.

To determine the beta of a portfolio, we need to calculate the weighted average of the betas of each component in the portfolio. Given the information in your question, we have:

1. 30% risk-free asset (beta = 0)

2. 25% UBS stocks (beta = 0.8)

3. 65% Unilever stocks (beta = 0.6)

4. -20% Eon corporate bonds (short selling, beta = 0.3)

Now, we'll calculate the weighted average beta:

Portfolio beta = (0.30 * 0) + (0.25 * 0.8) + (0.65 * 0.6) + (-0.20 * 0.3)

Portfolio beta = (0) + (0.2) + (0.39) + (-0.06)

Portfolio beta = 0.53

Based on the calculated portfolio beta of 0.53, the correct answer is A) Beta between 0.45 and 0.55.

Learn more about Beta:

https://brainly.com/question/30691992

#SPJ11

the degree to which people believe a person has their best interests in mind is known as:

Answers

The degree to which people believe a person has their best interests in mind is known as perceived benevolence or perceived trustworthiness.

People's perceptions of someone's goodness or trustworthiness might be gauged by how much they think that person has their best interests in mind. Factors including the person's behaviour, communication style, reputation, and degree of competence can all have an impact on this. those are more likely to trust those they believe to be trustworthy, honest, and truly concerned about their welfare.

Building and sustaining healthy relationships, both personally and professionally, might depend on this degree of trust.

Learn more about benevolence:

https://brainly.com/question/31365577

#SPJ4

The degree to which people believe a person has their best interests in mind is known as perceived benevolence or perceived trustworthiness. People's perceptions of someone's goodness.

or trustworthiness might be gauged by how much they think that person has their best interests in mind. Factors including the person's behaviour, communication style, reputation, and degree of competence can all have an impact on this. those are more likely to trust those they believe to be trustworthy, honest, and truly The degree to which people believe a person has their best interests in mind is known as perceived benevolence or perceived benevolence trustworthiness. People's perceptions of someone's goodness or trustworthiness might be gauged by how much they think that person has their best interests in mind. Factors including the person's behaviour, communication style, reputation, and degree of competence can all have an impact on this. those are more likely to trust those they believe to be trustworthy, honest, and truly concerned about their welfare.  concerned about their welfare. Building and sustaining healthy relationships, both personally and professionally, might depend on this degree of trust.

Learn more about benevolence here:

brainly.com/question/31365577

#SPJ11

Watters Umbrella Corp. issued 15-year bonds 2 years ago at a coupon rate of 8 percent. The bonds make semiannual payments. If these bonds currently sell for 115 percent of par value, what is the YTM?

Answers

The yield to maturity (YTM) on the 15-year bonds issued by Watters Umbrella Corp. can be calculated by using the current market price of the bonds and the coupon rate. Since the bonds make semiannual payments, the coupon rate can be divided by two to get the semiannual coupon payment.

First, we need to calculate the semiannual coupon payment which is 8% / 2 = 4%. Next, we need to find the present value of the semiannual coupon payments and the principal payment using the YTM.

Since the bonds are currently selling at 115% of par value, the price of each bond would be 1.15 x $1,000 = $1,150. We can use this price to calculate the YTM using a financial calculator or Excel's RATE function.

Assuming a face value of $1,000, a coupon rate of 4%, 30 payments (15 years x 2 payments per year), and a present value of -$1,150 (since it's the cash outflow), we get a YTM of approximately 3.5%. Therefore, the YTM for Watters Umbrella Corp.'s 15-year bonds is approximately 3.5%.

To know more about yield to maturity, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/30676637#

#SPJ11

The Z score is 1.7. The values of X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are respectively .1, .3, .25, .2 and you have to compute the last one.
Explicate the meaning of the different determinants of the Z score.
Will this company default? A yes or no answer does not suffice.

Answers

The Z-score is a financial ratio that is used to assess the creditworthiness or financial health of a company. It is typically used to predict the likelihood of a company defaulting on its debt obligations.

How to calculate Z-score?

The Z-score is calculated using various financial ratios and measures, and the determinants of the Z-score are as follows:

X1 - Working Capital/Total Assets: This ratio measures the proportion of a company's total assets that are financed by its working capital (current assets minus current liabilities). A higher value of X1 indicates a higher proportion of working capital to total assets, which is generally considered favorable as it indicates a company's ability to cover short-term obligations.

X2 - Retained Earnings/Total Assets: This ratio measures the proportion of a company's total assets that are financed by its retained earnings (profits reinvested into the business). A higher value of X2 indicates a higher proportion of retained earnings to total assets, which is generally considered favorable as it indicates a company's ability to generate profits and reinvest in the business.

X3 - Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT)/Total Assets: This ratio measures the proportion of a company's total assets that are generated from its operating earnings before interest and taxes. A higher value of X3 indicates a higher proportion of operating earnings to total assets, which is generally considered favorable as it indicates a company's profitability.

X4 - Market Value of Equity/Total Liabilities: This ratio measures the proportion of a company's total liabilities that are covered by its market value of equity (market capitalization). A higher value of X4 indicates a higher proportion of equity to total liabilities, which is generally considered favorable as it indicates a company's ability to cover its liabilities using its market value of equity.

X5 - Sales/Total Assets: This ratio measures the proportion of a company's total assets that are generated from its sales.

To compute the last value, we need to use the formula for calculating a Z-score:

Z = (X - mean) / standard deviation

We know that the Z-score is 1.7, so we can plug in the values we have and solve for X:

1.7 = (X - 0.21) / 0.08

Multiplying both sides by 0.08 gives:

0.136 = X - 0.21

Adding 0.21 to both sides gives:

X = 0.346

Therefore, the last value, X5, is 0.346.

Now, regarding the question of whether the company will default or not, a yes or no answer does not suffice as the Z score alone is not conclusive. Typically, a Z score value below a certain threshold (usually below 1.8) is considered indicative of a higher risk of default, while a value above the threshold suggests a lower risk of default. However, it's important to consider other factors such as industry norms, economic conditions, and specific circumstances of the company in question before making any definitive conclusions. It's recommended to use the Z score as a tool for initial assessment, but further analysis and evaluation are needed to determine the likelihood of default for a company accurately. Consulting with a financial expert or conducting a comprehensive financial analysis would be advisable in making a well-informed decision.

To know more about default risk visit:

https://brainly.com/question/30885412

#SPJ11

Conclude an entry barriers essay

Answers

Entry barriers refer to the obstacles that prevent new companies from entering a particular market or industry. The goal of implementing entry barriers is to create a competitive advantage for existing companies, which makes it difficult for new players to enter and compete in the market.

There are many different types of entry barriers, including economies of scale, access to distribution channels, regulatory hurdles, intellectual property rights, and brand recognition. It's important to note that entry barriers can have both positive and negative effects on competition and consumer welfare.

In conclusion, entry barriers can be an effective way for companies to maintain their competitive edge and protect their market share. However, policymakers and regulators must also consider the potential negative consequences of entry barriers, such as reduced innovation and higher prices for consumers. Ultimately, finding the right balance between promoting competition and protecting existing companies is key to maintaining a healthy and dynamic economy.

In many nonindustrial societies, adolescence is considered to be either nonexistent or NON existant or growth leading too Sexual maturityq (true or false)

Answers

False. In many nonindustrial societies, adolescence is considered to be a distinct period of life, characterized by physical, cognitive, and social changes, although the concept and experience of adolescence may differ from that of industrial societies.

In many nonindustrial societies, adolescence is seen as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, marked by physical changes such as growth spurts and the onset of puberty, as well as social and cultural changes such as increased responsibilities, initiation rites, and gender roles.

However, the experience of adolescence may vary greatly across different nonindustrial societies, depending on factors such as cultural values, economic conditions, and religious beliefs. For example, some societies may emphasize the importance of marriage and childbearing for adolescent girls, while others may encourage exploration and experimentation before settling into adult roles.

Overall, while the concept of adolescence may not be universal or static, it remains an important period of development and transition in many nonindustrial societies.

learn more about adolescence here:

https://brainly.com/question/12945498

#SPJ11

1. An indenture​ is:
A. another name for a​ bond's coupon.
B. the legal agreement between the bond issuer and the bondholders.
C. a bond that is secured by the inventory held by the​ bond's issuer.
D. a bond that is past its maturity date but has yet to be repaid.
E. the written record of all the holders of a bond issue.
2. Kaiser Industries has bonds on the market making annual coupon​ payments, with 14 years to​ maturity, and selling for​ $1,382.01. At this​ price, the bonds have a yield to maturity of 5.9 percent. What is the dollar amount of annual​ coupon?
A. ​$99.47
B. ​$59.00
C. ​$100.39
D. ​$40.69
E. ​$99.84

Answers

1.  An indenture​ is the legal agreement between the bond issuer and the bondholders. The correct answer is B. 2. The dollar amount of the annual​ coupon is $99.84. The correct answer is E.

1. An indenture is the legal agreement between the bond issuer and the bondholders, which specifies the terms and conditions of the bond.

2. To calculate the annual coupon payment, we use the present value formula and solve for the coupon payment (C). The formula is:

[tex]PV = C / (1+r)^1+ C / (1+r)^2 + ... + C / (1+r)^n + FV / (1+r)^n[/tex]

where PV is the present value, r is the yield to maturity, n is the number of years to maturity, and FV is the face value of the bond. Rearranging the formula to solve for C, we get:

[tex]C = (PV - FV / (1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^1 + (1+r)^2 + ... + (1+r)^n)[/tex]

Substituting the given values, we get:

C = ($1,382.01 - $1,000 / (1+0.059)¹⁴) / ((1+0.059)¹ + (1+0.059)² + ... + (1+0.059)¹⁴) = $99.84

Therefore, the annual coupon payment is $99.84.

To know more about legal agreement, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/13707742#
#SPJ11

which of the following is a political risk faced by organizations such as fifa that operate in multiple countries? group of answer choices a. challenges implementing the world trade organization agreements b. uncertain prices for critical commodities c. potential nationalization of invested assets d. failure of countries to pay debt obligations

Answers

The correct answer to your question is: c. potential nationalization of invested assets. This is a political risk faced by organizations like FIFA that operate in multiple countries, as it involves the possibility of a government taking control of their assets within that country .

The political risk faced by organizations such as FIFA that operate in multiple countries is the potential nationalization of invested assets. Nationalization refers to the process in which a government takes over private assets and makes them publicly owned. This can happen when a government feels that foreign investments are threatening their national security or when they want to take control of a strategic industry. Nationalization can lead to significant financial losses for organizations operating in multiple countries as they may lose their assets and investments in the affected countries.

Learn More about nationalization  here :-

https://brainly.com/question/30586880

#SPJ11

the candle shop experienced the following events during its first year of operations: acquired cash by issuing common stock. paid a cash dividend to the stockholders. paid cash for operating expenses. borrowed cash from a bank. provided services and collected cash. purchased land with cash. determined that the market value of the land is higher than the historical cost.

Answers

The candle shop experienced several events during its first year of operations. Firstly, they acquired cash by issuing common stock.

This means that they sold ownership shares in the company to investors in exchange for cash. Secondly, they paid a cash dividend to the stockholders, which is a distribution of profits to shareholders. Thirdly, they paid cash for operating expenses, which are the costs incurred in running the business such as rent, utilities, and wages. Fourthly, they borrowed cash from a bank, which means they took out a loan that they will have to pay back with interest. Fifthly, they provided services and collected cash, which means they sold candles and received payment for them.

Lastly, they purchased land with cash. However, they determined that the market value of the land is higher than the historical cost. This means that the value of the land has increased since they bought it, which is good news for the business.

Learn more about candle shop  here:https://brainly.com/question/14857684

#SPJ11

the span at which the cost behaviors are expected to hold true is called: multiple choice variable costing full absorption costing relevant range relevant period

Answers

The span at which the cost behaviors are expected to hold true is called the relevant range.

It refers to the range of activity within which assumptions about cost behavior are valid. The relevant range is important because costs can behave differently at different levels of activity. For example, fixed costs remain constant within the relevant range but can increase or decrease outside of it.

Understanding the relevant range is critical in making decisions that affect costs and revenues, such as setting prices, determining production levels, and analyzing cost-volume-profit relationships. It is also important in managerial accounting, where cost behavior is analyzed to understand the cost structure of a company and to make decisions related to budgeting and forecasting.

Learn more about the relevant range.

https://brainly.com/question/13296648

#SPJ4

Full Question : the span at which the cost behaviors are expected to hold true is called: multiple choice

variable costing full absorption costing relevant range relevant period

Discuss about how improving the fund raising measures at a
future non-profit.

Answers

There are various strategies for improving fund raising measures at a future non-profit, such as diversifying the donor base, expanding the scope of fundraising activities, and improving donor engagement.

One effective approach is to diversify the donor base by targeting individuals, foundations, corporations, and government agencies that are interested in supporting the non-profit's mission. This can be done through networking, outreach, and marketing campaigns that highlight the organization's impact and accomplishments.

Expanding the scope of fundraising activities can also help to increase donations. This can include hosting events, creating online campaigns, or partnering with other organizations to raise awareness and funds for the non-profit's cause.

In addition, improving donor engagement is critical for building long-term relationships and securing recurring donations. This can be achieved by creating personalized communication and marketing strategies that demonstrate the impact of donations and offer opportunities for involvement and feedback.

Ultimately, improving fund raising measures at a future non-profit requires a strategic and integrated approach that prioritizes relationship-building, donor engagement, and diversification of funding sources. By implementing these strategies, the non-profit can increase its financial stability and make a greater impact on its mission.

To know more about fund raising refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/1337637#

#SPJ11

shirley borrows $10,000 from second national bank at 12% interest. shirley will repay the loan in five equal payments beginning at the end of year 1. what is the annual amount that shirley will pay the bank each year? round your answer to the nearest dollar. multiple choice question. $2,774 $2,133 $1,266 $1,333

Answers

The annual amount that Shirley will pay the bank each year is $2,774, rounded to the nearest dollar. Here option A is the correct answer.

To find the annual amount that Shirley will pay the bank each year, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity, which is:

PMT = [tex]\frac{A}{\left(\frac{1 - (1 + r)^{-n}}{r}\right)}[/tex]

where PMT is the payment amount, A is the present value of the loan, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the total number of periods.

In this case, Shirley borrowed $10,000 at 12% interest, so r = 0.12. She will repay the loan in five equal payments, so n = 5. The present value of the loan is also $10,000.

Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

PMT = [tex]\frac{10000}{\left(\frac{1 - (1 + 0.12)^{-5}}{0.12}\right)}[/tex]

= 10000 / 3.6058

≈ 2773.94

Rounding this to the nearest dollar, we get an annual payment of $2,774, which is option A in the multiple-choice question. Therefore, the answer is A - $2,774.

To learn more about the annual amount

https://brainly.com/question/14101715

#SPJ4

Complete question:

Shirley borrows $10,000 from the second national bank at 12% interest. shirley will repay the loan in five equal payments beginning at the end of year 1. What is the annual amount that Shirley will pay the bank each year? round your answer to the nearest dollar. multiple choice questions.

A - $2,774

B - $2,133

C - $1,266

D - $1,333

Suppose you came into some money and looking for a bond to invest in. You found a $1,000, with 15 years left to maturity bond. If the bond has a 6% coupon rate but pays interest semi-annually and you require a 13% return on your investment, how much are you willing to pay for the bond? (Round your answer to two decimal point)

Answers

To calculate the price you are willing to pay for the bond, you need to use the present value formula:


PV = C[(1 - (1 + r)^-{n})/r] + FV/(1 + r)^{n}



Where:


PV = Present value (what you are willing to pay for the bond)


C = Coupon payment (in this case, half the coupon rate or 3%)


r = Required rate of return (13%/2 or 6.5%)


n = Number of periods (15 years x 2 since the bond pays semi-annually or 30)



Plugging in the values:

PV = 30[(1 - (1 + 0.065)^{-30})/0.065] + 1000/(1 + 0.065)^{30}


PV = $707.20

Therefore, you are willing to pay $707.20 for the bond if you require a 13% return on your investment.

To know more about investment here

https://brainly.com/question/15353704

#SPJ11

Other Questions
geographic distribution explains the commuting patterns between cities and suburbs. group of answer choices true false Carla looks from a height of 1515 yards at the top of her apartment building. She lines up the top of a flagpole with the curb of a street 2020 yards away. If the flagpole is 1212 yards from the apartment building, how tall is the flagpole? Suppose you are thinking about buying a 9 year. $1,000 par value bond with a 11% coupon. Interest on this bond is paid annually. If your required rate of return is 8% annually. how much should you pay for the bond? (Round your answer to two decimal point) A radioactive substance decays exponentially. A scientist begins with 200 milligrams of a radioactive substance. After 22 hours, 100 mg of the substance remains. How many milligrams will remain after 32 hours?A radioactive substance decays exponentially. A scientist begins with 200 milligrams of a radioactive substance. After 22 hours, 100 mg of the substance remains. How many milligrams will remain after 32 hours? Find the value of the indicated trigonometry ratio cos in right tringle with side of 6,6*squort 2, 6*squort 3 noh is a japanese theatre art characterized by: 2.Consider what you may know about genes and protein synthesis. Whatmight be some ways that a cell has control over the proteins it produces? Last year, Joan purchased a $1,000 face value corporate bond with an 10% annual coupon rate and a 15-year maturity. At the time of the purchase, it had an expected yield to maturity of 11.31%. If Joan sold the bond today for $1,049.29, what rate of return would she have earned for the past year? Round your answer to two decimal places. what organizational method (or methods) might you use to arrange main points for speeches with the following specific purpose statements? 4. describe the relationship between the metal and water in terms of which is exothermic and which is endothermic. Sigmund Freud believed that _____ occurred by accident.A. nothingB. everythingC. superego developmentD. embarrassing things usually 2 NO(g)+Cl2(g)2 NOCl(g) Kc=2000A mixture of NO(g) and Cl2(g) is placed in a previously evacuated container and allowed to reach equilibrium according to the chemical equation shown above When the system reaches equilibrium, the reactants and products have the concentrations listed in the following table:SpeciesConcentration (M)NO(g)0.050C12(g)0.050NOCl(g)0.50Which of the following is true if the volume of the container is decreased by one-half?A. Q = 100, and the reaction will proceed toward reactants.B. Q = 100, and the reaction will proceed toward products.C. Q = 1000, and the reaction will proceed toward reactants.D. Q = 1000, and the reaction will proceed toward products. if hydrogen is the most common element in the universe, why do we not see the lines of hydrogen in the spectra of the hottest stars? Record yourself reading the sentences you created for this unit's writing practice 1. 16. In Spanish write one complete and detailed sentence for each of the following verbs. Be sure to conjugate them correctly. 1 - Yo (hacer). 2 - Yo (poner). 3 - Yo (salir). 4 - Yo (conocer). 5 - Yo (tener). You will be graded on (a) appropriate use of grammar and vocabulary, (b) completeness and detail of the response, and (c) pronunciation A triangle is shown with its exterior angles. The interior angles of the triangle are angles 2, 3, 5. The exterior angle at angle 2 is angle 1. The exterior angle at angle 3 is angle 4. The exterior angle at angle 5 is angle 6. Which statements are always true regarding the diagram? Select three options. m5 + m3 = m4 m3 + m4 + m5 = 180 m5 + m6 =180 m2 + m3 = m6 m2 + m3 + m5 = 180 What is an example of an internal conflict in A Midsummer Night's Dream? A client admitted with heart failure requires careful monitoring of his fluid status. Which method will provide the nurse with the best indication of the client's fluid status?a) output measurementsb) daily weightsc) daily BUN and serum creatinine monitoringd) daily electrolyte monitoring Simplify these expressions5x6xy2x3y true or false: haemophilus meningitis is a severe form of acute bacterial meningitis but has become virtually unknown in the us due to hib vaccination. What does a residual value of 0.8 mean in reference to the line of best fit?The given point is 0.8 units above the line of best fit.The given point is 0.8 units below the line of best fit.The line of best fit is not appropriate to the data.The line of best fit has a slope of 0.8.Which equation represents the approximate line of best fit for data, where x represents font size and y represents the number of words on one page?y = 55x + 407y = 41x + 814y = 38x + 922y = 26x + 723