Barbara ran
after lunch.
3
of a mile before lunch and of a mile
8
12
How far did she run in all?
Answers
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
1/2 is your answer
Related Questions
for each of the indefinite integrals below, choose which of the following substitutions would be most helpful in evaluating the integral. enter the appropriate letter (a,b, or c) in each blank. do not evaluate the integrals. A. x= 6 tan θ B. x= 6 sin θ C. x= 6 sec θ 1. Integral (x^2 - 36)^5/2 dx 2. Integral (x^2 dx/ (root 36+x^2) 3. Integral (dx/ (root 36+x^2)^3 4. Integral (root x^2+36) dx 5. Integral x^2 (root 36+x^2)
Answers
We can use the integral x=4secθ for each of the indefinite integrals below.
In the given question we can use either 4tanθ,4sinθ or 4secθ to substitute and simplify the given indefinite integrals,
the 1st integral is,
∫ √(x²-16) dx
we can use the trigonometric substitution x=4secθ in this integral, due to which after simplification it will become as,
∫16 secθtan²θ dθ
which then can easily be solved.
the 2nd integral is,
∫ x²/√(x²-16) dx
we can use the trigonometric substitution x=4sinθ in this integral, due to which after simplification it will become as,
∫16 sin²θ dθ
which then can be solved by using a reduction formula.
the 3rd integral is,
∫ dx /(16+x²)³
we can use the trigonometric substitution x=4tanθ in this integral, due to which after simplification it will become as,
∫(1/16⁴) cos⁴θ dθ
the 4th integral is,
∫ (x²-16)^(5/2)dx
we can use the trigonometric substitution x=4secθ in this integral, due to which after simplification it will become as,
∫4096 secθtan⁶θ dθ
the 5th integral is,
∫ dx /(16-x²)^(3/2)
we can use the trigonometric substitution x=4sinθ in this integral, due to which after simplification it will become as,
∫(1/16² cos²θ) dθ
Learn more about integrals on
https://brainly.com/question/18125359?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
The three interior angles of a triangle measure x°, (x-4)°, and (x+16)°. Which is the measure of one of the three angles?
OA) 48°
O B) 52°
O C) 60°
OD) 70°
Answers
=======================================================
Explanation:
Every triangle has the rule where the inside angles add to 180.
(angle1)+(angle2)+(angle3) = 180
x + (x-4) + (x+16) = 180
3x+12 = 180
3x = 180-12
3x = 168
x = 168/3
x = 56
Then we can determine each angle.
angle1 = x = 56 degreesangle2 = x-4 = 56-4 = 52 degrees (choice B)angle3 = x+16 = 56+16 = 72 degreesAs a check:
angle1+angle2+angle3 = 56+52+72 = 180
This confirms the answer is correct.
Question 6.
Jim is studying growth of underwater plants in an aquarium. He notices the limiting factor on the plants is availability of light. Jim places the aquarium in a place where it will get more sunlight.
What will happen to the underwater plants?
Responses
Existing plants will grow larger and new plants will grow.Existing plants will grow larger and new plants will grow.
Existing plants will become smaller, but new plants will grow.Existing plants will become smaller, but new plants will grow.
Existing plants will become smaller and no new plants will grow.Existing plants will become smaller and no new plants will grow.
Existing plants will grow larger, but no new plants will grow.Existing plants will grow larger, but no new plants will grow.
question 7
A population of chipmunks that live in the woods near a town has learned to raid trash cans. The population of chipmunks is increasing rapidly.
The city replaces the existing trash cans with new, “chipmunk-proof” trash cans.
What most likely will happen to the population of chipmunks in the short term and long term?
Responses
The population will not change in the short term. In the long term, the population will increase dramatically.The population will not change in the short term. In the long term, the population will increase dramatically.
The population will not change in the short or long term. The chipmunks will switch to other food sources.The population will not change in the short or long term. The chipmunks will switch to other food sources.
The population will drop in the short term. In the long term, the population will stabilize as chipmunks switch to other food sources.The population will drop in the short term. In the long term, the population will stabilize as chipmunks switch to other food sources.
The chipmunks do not have other food sources. The populationwill drop in both the short and long term.
Answers
Step-by-step explanation: When a plant gets more sunlight it will grow very fast and get larger then it will grow some more
Frank rented a unicycle at the circus. He paid a flat rental fee of $15 plus $2 and hour. The total cost was $23. Write and solve an equation you can use to find the number of hours he rented the unicycle.
Answers
Answer:
4 hrs
Step-by-step explanation:
let x = # of hours he rented the unicycle
$15 + ($2/hr)x = $23
($2/hr)x = $23 - $15 = $8
x = ($8) / ($2/hr) = 4 hours
question content area top part 1 express the following angular speed in radians per second. 14 revolutions per second
Answers
The angular speed of 14 revolutions per second is equal to 87.96 radians per second.
Angular speed is a measure of how fast an object is rotating or revolving around an axis. It is typically measured in units of angular displacement per unit of time, such as degrees per second, revolutions per minute (RPM), or radians per second.
To convert angular speed from revolutions per second (RPS) to radians per second (RAD/s), we can use the following formula:
Angular speed (RAD/s) = 2π x Revolutions per second (RPS)
Given that the angular speed is 14 revolutions per second, we can substitute this value into the formula:
Angular speed (RAD/s) = 2π x 14 RPS
Angular speed (RAD/s) = 87.96 RAD/s
So, 14 revolutions per second is equivalent to 87.96 radians per second.
Learn more about angular speed here: https://brainly.com/question/16272235
#SPJ4
The number 1465 rounded to its highest place value is?
Answers
A) We round the number up to the nearest hundred if the last two digits in the number are 50 or above.
B) We round the number down to the nearest hundred if the last two digits in the number are 49 or below.
C) If the last two digits are 00, then we do not have to do any rounding, because it is already to the hundred.
In this case, Rule A applies and 1465 rounded to the nearest hundred is:
Answer: 1500
A parabola can be drawn given a focus of ((7,6) and a directrix of y=-8y=−8. What can be said about the parabola?
Answers
The parabola has a vertex at (7 , -1) has a p-value of -0.5 and it opens downwards.
How to interpret the equation of a parabola?The axis of symmetry of a parabola is basically perpendicular to the directrix and contains the focus and vertex.
Thus, the axis of symmetry is the vertical line x = 7.
The vertex lies halfway between the focus and directrix. Thus, we can say that the vertex is (7, (6 - 8)/2) = (7, -1)
Due to the fact that the vertex lies above the focus and the directrix is horizontal, then it means that the parabola opens downward.
Therefore, the focus is (7 - 8)/2 = -0.5 units below the vertex, so, p = -0.5
Read more about equation of parabola at; https://brainly.com/question/4061870
#SPJ1
g suppose that w(t) is a real-valued signal. prove that its fourier transform magnitude is symmetric around f
Answers
Since the Fourier transform of a real value signal is the product of the even cosine transform and the odd sine transform, it is conjugate symmetric and consequently symmetric about the frequency 0.
A real-valued signal's Fourier transform is a conjugate symmetric function, which means it is symmetric about frequency 0. This is demonstrated by the fact that a real-valued signal's Fourier transform may be expressed as the product of its cosine and sine transforms:
F(w) = Fc(w) plus Fs (w)
Where the cosine and sine transforms, respectively, are denoted by Fc(w) and Fs(w). Both the sine and cosine transforms are symmetric about the frequency zero because the sine transform is an odd function and the cosine is an even function. As a result, a real-valued signal's Fourier transform also exhibits symmetry near frequency 0.
Learn more about value here
https://brainly.com/question/18523098
#SPJ4
The complete question is
g suppose that w(t) is a real-valued signal. prove that its fourier transform magnitude is symmetric around frequency 0.
What are the dimensions of the product?
[2 1 0] x [1 -1 2 -1 -2 1 0 1 1] =
Answers
The resulting vector has the same dimensions as the original, 1 x 3.
What is a matrix?A rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions set up in rows and columns is known as a matrix. They are employed in a wide variety of mathematical disciplines and contexts, including calculus, statistics, physics, and engineering, as well as linear algebra. Matrices are an essential tool for solving systems of linear equations and representing linear transformations since they may be added, subtracted from, and multiplied by other matrices.
The matrix multiplication of [2 1 0] and [1 -1 2 -1 -2 1 0 1 1] is:
[2 1 0] x [1 -1 2 -1 -2 1 0 1 1] = [2(1) + 1(-1) + 0(2), 2(-1) + 1(-2) + 0(1), 2(0) + 1(1) + 0(1)]
= [2 -3 1]
Therefore, the product of the two matrices is a row vector [2 -3 1], which has the dimensions 1 x 3.
If we subtract 1 from each element of this row vector, we get:
[2 -3 1] - 1 = [1 -4 0]
So, the resulting vector has the same dimensions as the original, 1 x 3.
To learn more about matrix on
https://brainly.com/question/7437866
#SPJ1
Write the following ratio using two other notations.
6:5
Use only the numbers above (not any others).
Notation one:
Notation two:
0.
3
0=0
0:00 to
0<0 0>
Answers
The ratio may be written if it is a component of a percentage.
6 is to 5 is 12 is to 10 .
What is a ratio notation?Ratios can be expressed as a notation, like 1/2, or as a ratio, like 6:5. A ratio's value is determined by dividing the first and second numbers. Consider the ratio 12:10 as an example. "6 to 5" should be read as the ratio. Any fraction, like 6/5, can also be expressed as a ratio, which is written as 6:5.
A colon or a fraction bar are two typical symbols representing ratios. You can also use words.
6 : 5 = 6/5 = 6 to 5
The ratio may be written if it is a component of a percentage.
6 is to 5
as in ...
12 is to 10 what 6 is to 5, and vice versa.
To learn more about notations refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/20327969
#SPJ1
Order the steps to solve the equation
log(x2-15) = log(2x) form 1 to 5.
x²-2x-15=0
Potential solutions are -3 and 5
x²-15 = 2x
x-5=0 orx+3=0
(x - 5)(x + 3) = 0
Answers
A logarithm is an operation used to determine the exponent of a given base number.
What is logarithm?
A logarithm is a mathematical function that describes the relationship between the power to which a number (called the base) must be raised, and the resulting value. The logarithm of a number is the power to which the base must be raised to produce that number.
Start by moving the logarithm to the left-hand side of the equation: log(x²-15) = log(2x)
Next, use the property of logarithms that log(a/b) = log(a) - log(b) to get x²-15 = 2x
then you can simplify the equation by subtracting 2x from both sides x²-2x-15=0
then factor the equation to get (x - 5)(x + 3) = 0
Finally, use the Zero Product Property to solve for x. The solutions will be x = 5 or x = -3
To learn more about logarithms, Visit
brainly.com/question/25710806
#SPJ1
Ryan claims that the cost of Plan A and Plan B differ a lot.
Which statement best explains why Ryan was misled by the graph?
a.) The two graphs use different vertical scales.
b.) The scale of intervals on the horizontal axis of both graphs
is inconsistent.
c.) The graph of Plan B shows a rapid increase in price.
E
d.) The graph of Plan A shows a gradual increase in price.
Answers
IfIf Ryan claims that the cost of Plan A and Plan B differ a lot. The statement that best explains why Ryan was misled by the graph is: b.) The scale of intervals on the horizontal axis of both graphs is inconsistent.
The reason Ryan was misled by the graph?Based on the graph we can see that the graph is inconsistent based on the fact that the scale of intervals on the horizontal axis of Plan A graph and Plan B graph are inconsistent.
The reasons why the both graphs are inconsistent was because the lines did not intersect or are not on the same line which means that they are parallel lines.
Therefore the correct option is B.
Learn more about Ryan was misled by the graph here:https://brainly.com/question/28933885
#SPJ1
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
The two graphs use different vertical scales.
what is the position of (L) with respect to (c)
Answers
By the method of logical reasoning and the seating positions of seven people it is obtained that F sits third to the left of C.
What is logical reasoning?
The technique of applying systematic, logical steps based on mathematical logic to solve a problem is known as logical reasoning. Based on the information provided and mathematical principles, inferences can be drawn.
This seating positing problem can be solved by logical reasoning.
There are seven people - A, B, C, D, E, F, G.
Firstly, A sits third from one of the extreme ends.
Then two people sit between A and B.
The positions can be -
__ __ A __ __ B __ or __ B __ __ A __ __
Now, F sits fourth to the left of B.
So, second seating position gets eliminated.
Also, C sits at the immediate left of B.
__ F A __ C B __
Now, G sits third to the right of E.
E does not sit at any of the extreme ends.
D F A E C B G
So, the seating arrangement is obtained.
Therefore, F sits third to the left of C.
To learn more about logical reasoning from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/28418750
#SPJ1
Seven people named A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are sitting in a row facing north but not necessarily in the same order. A sits third from one of the extreme ends. Two people sit between A and B. C sits at the immediate left of B. F sits fourth to the left of B. G sits third to the right of E. E does not sit any of the extreme ends.
What is the position of F with respect to C?
Let U = {(q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z)
A = {q, s, u, w, y}
B = {q, s, y, z)
C = {v, w, x, y, z).
List the elements in the set.
AL(BNC)
A. {q, s, u, w, y, z)
B. q, r, w, y, z}
C. {q, y, z)
D. {q, w, y}
PLEASE HELP!
Answers
The elements of the set A'(B∩C)is { r, t , v, x, y, z}
How to determine the setIt is important to note that the universal set is the set containing all the elements for a given event.
From the information given, we have that;
U = {(q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z)A = {q, s, u, w, y}B = {q, s, y, z)C = {v, w, x, y, z)The signs used to represent sets are;
∩ - Intersection of sets used to represent the common elements of two or more sets∪- Union of sets used to represent the sum of sets without repetitionTo determine the set,
A'(B∩C)
A' = { r, t, v, x, z}
B∩C = { y, z}
Now, the set A'(B∩C)
A'(B∩C) = { r, t , v, x, y, z}
Hence, the set is { r, t , v, x, y, z}
Learn more about sets here:
https://brainly.com/question/13458417
#SPJ1
The measure of an interior angle of a regular polygon is 162º. Find the number of sides in the polygon.
_______sides
Answers
Answer:
20 sides
Step-by-step explanation:
The number of sides of a regular polygon, if each of its interior angles is 162° is 20.
What are m and b in the linear equation, using the common meanings of m and b?
2 + 3x + 5 - 2x = y
Answers
The values of m and b on the linear equation:
2 + 3x + 5 - 2x = y
are
m = 1
b = 7
How to find the values of m and b?A general linear equation can be written as in the slope-intercept form as:
y = m*x + b
Where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.
Here we have the linear equation
2 + 3x + 5 - 2x = y
Now we want to write this in the slope-intercept form, to do so, we just need to simplify the left side, then we will get:
2 + 3x + 5 - 2x = y
(2 + 5) + (3x - 2x) =y
7 + x = y
Then the linear equation is:
y = 1*x + 7
So the values are:
a = 1
b = 7
Learn more about linear equations at:
https://brainly.com/question/1884491
#SPJ1
3. In a picture of a woman sweeping with a broom, her broom measures 2cm long. In reality, it is 1m long. In the same picture, a wall measures 5cm in height. In reality, how tall is the wall?
Answers
The sum of the differences between sample observations and the sample mean is
a. Zero
b. The range
c. The mean deviation
d. The standard deviation
Answers
The sum of the differences between sample observations and the sample mean is zero.
Statistics is a science that deals with methods of collecting data, processing data, presenting data, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and making reasonable decisions based on existing facts.
There are some terms that are frequently used in statistics:
Range is the difference between the largest and the smallest values in a data set;Mean is the average of the sample values;Mean deviation is the average deviation of the data from the mean;Variance is a measure of how far the data is spread from its average value, which is equal to the average distances of the sample observations from the sample mean;Standard deviation is a value used to determine the distribution of data in a sample and see how close the data is to the mean value. The standard deviation is equal to the square root value of the variance.The sum of the differences between sample observations and the sample mean can be denoted as ∑(xi - mean), where n is the size of the sample and i = 1,2,3,...,n
∑(xi - mean) = ∑xi - n*mean,
= n*mean - n*mean
= 0
Thus the sum of the differences between sample observations and the sample mean is zero.
To learn more about statistics, click here: https://brainly.com/question/18525350
#SPJ4
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
Consider the function f(x) = |₂³| − 1.
The piecewise functions that coincide with the given function are
[(x + 3)-1, when x is greater than or equal to 3,
[(x-3)/2] -1, when x is less than 3,
[(x+3)/2] -1, when x is greater than -3,
[-(x+3)/2] -1, when x is greater than or equal to -3,
and
Answers
Yes, the piecewise functions that coincide with the given function are [(x + 3)-1, when x is greater than or equal to 3, [(x-3)/2] -1, when x is less than 3, [(x+3)/2] -1, when x is greater than -3, and -(x+3)/2] -1, when x is greater than or equal to -3.
Piecewise functionThe piecewise functions that coincide with the given function are as follows: when x is greater than or equal to 3, the piecewise function is (x + 3)-1; when x is less than 3, the piecewise function is (x-3)/2 -1; when x is greater than -3, the piecewise function is (x+3)/2 -1; and when x is greater than or equal to -3, the piecewise function is -(x+3)/2 -1.This means that, depending on the value of x, the resulting value of the function f(x) = |₂³| − 1 will be different.For example, when x is equal to 3, then f(x) = 0; when x is equal to -3, then f(x) = -2; and when x is equal to 1, then f(x) = -1.Thus, the piecewise functions correctly express the given function, as they correctly capture the different values of f(x) for different values of x.No, the piecewise functions that coincide with the given function are[(x + 3)-1, when x is greater than or equal to 3,[(x-3)/2] -1, when x is less than 3,[-(x-3)/2] -1, when x is less than or equal to -3,[(x-3)/2] -1, when x is greater than -3.To learn more about Piecewise function refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/27262465
#SPJ1
1. Is G (cost) a function of t (time)? Explain your reasoning
2. Is t (time) a function of G (cost)? Explain your reasoning.
Answers
{G} is the function of {t} and vice - versa is also true.
What are algebraic expressions?In mathematics, an expression or mathematical expression is a finite combination of symbols that is well-formed according to rules that depend on the context.Mathematical symbols can designate numbers (constants), variables, operations, functions, brackets, punctuation, and grouping to help determine order of operations and other aspects of logical syntax.Given is a graph as shown in the image.
{ 1 } -
Yes, the given function G{t} is the function of {t}. It is a piecewise function.
{2} -
Let the given function is -
y = G{t}
We can find the inverse as -
t = G⁻¹{y}
Yes, {t] is also the function of {G}.
Therefore, it can be concluded that {G} is the function of {t} and vice - versa is also true.
To solve more questions on algebraic equations, visit the link below-
brainly.com/question/1041084
#SPJ1
 - Tanner's beaker had 45 milliliters of water in it at first. After each of his friends poured in 8 milliliters, the
beaker contained 93 milliliters. How many friends poured water into Tanner's beaker?
Answers
Answer:
x=6
Step-by-step explanation:
hope this helps you with your question
A 54-foot long wire will be attached to the top of a pole for support, and will be pulled tight and anchored to the ground.
If the wire makes a 13 degree angle with the ground, how tall is the pole?
Answers
The height of the pole used in the question is; 12.15 ft
How to use trigonometric ratios?The 3 main trigonometric ratios are;
sin x = opposite/hypotenuse
cos x = adjacent/hypotenuse
tan x = opposite/adjacent
Now, since the guy wire makes an angle of 13 degrees with the ground, it means the guy wire will be the hypotenuse of the right angle triangle and the height of the pole which we will label as h will be the opposite side of the triangle. Thus;
height/54 = sin 13
height = 54 * sin 13
height = 54 * 0.225
Height = 12.15 ft
Read more about trigonometric ratios at; https://brainly.com/question/13276558
#SPJ1
The highest elevation in California is 14,505 feet, and the lowest elevation is −282 feet. Write and then evaluate an expression to determine the distance between the lowest and highest elevations.
Answers
The expression to determine the distance between the lowest and the highest point is -
{x} = 14505 + |- 282|
What are algebraic expressions?In mathematics, an expression or mathematical expression is a finite combination of symbols that is well-formed according to rules that depend on the context.Mathematical symbols can designate numbers (constants), variables, operations, functions, brackets, punctuation, and grouping to help determine order of operations and other aspects of logical syntax.Given is that the highest elevation in California is 14,505 feet, and the lowest elevation is − 282 feet.
The expression to determine the distance between the lowest and the highest point can be written as -
{x} = 14505 + |- 282|
where -
| | represents modulus function.
Therefore, the expression to determine the distance between the lowest and the highest point is -
{x} = 14505 + |- 282|
To solve more questions on algebraic expressions, visit the link below -
brainly.com/question/1041084
#SPJ1
What is the measure of AC
Answers
Side AC of the similar triangle system has a length of 6 units. (Correct choice: C)
How to determine the missing length in a system of two similar right triangles
Two triangles are similar when both have congruent angles but sides are not congruent though proportional. In this problem we find the case of two similar right triangles, whose relationship is shown below:
AD / AC = CD / BC = AC / AB
If we know that AD = 4 and AB = 9, then the length of side AC is:
4 / AC = AC / 9
AC ² = 36
AC = 6
The length of side AC is equal to 6 units.
To learn more on similar triangles: https://brainly.com/question/14926756
#SPJ1
Which calculation shows the best method for estimating the result of 384 divided by three-sixteenths?
400 divided by one-fourth equals 1,600
400 divided by one-fourth equals 100
300 divided by one-third equals 900
300 divided by one-third equals 100
Answers
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
The table shows the balance of Rob’s checking account at the end of the day. This is $95.50 less than the amount he had the beginning of the day.
Which of the following equations can be used to determine Rob’s account balance at the beginning of the day?
Answers
Find IJ and JK in parallelogram HIJK.
h 6p
i 7p+17
j 9p+11
K
Answers
The values of IJ and JK in parallelogram HIJK are 52 and 80 respectively
How to find the values?Recall that in every parallelogram, the opposite sides are equal and parallel.
This implies that IJ ║ HK and HI ║ JK
⇒ 5s - 88 = 3s - 32
Collecting the like terms we have
5s-3s = -32 +88
2s = 56
This implies that s = 28
By substitution we have s as 3(28) -32
= 84-32 = 52 and and 4(28)-32 = 80
The sides of the parallelogram are 80 and 52 respectively
Learn more about parallelograms on https://brainly.com/question/29717080
#SPJ1
Maria will spend less than $29 on gifts. So far, she has spent $17. What are the possible additional amounts she will spend?
Use c for the additional amount (in dollars) Maria will spend.
Write your answer as an inequality solved for c.
Answers
Answer:
Maria is able to spend less than $12.
C < 12
Step-by-step explanation:
If Maria has already spent 17 dollars, that means she has 12 dollars left. C cannot be greater than 12. It has to be less.
So think of this C < $12
So if we do the total on one side and the $17 and C on the other side of inequality we get
C + 17 < 29
It cannot be equal to 29 so that's why we don't use a less than or equal to symbol.
Simplify this to get C < 12
I hope this is able to help you :D
Write a word problemthat could’ve solved by one of the problem
Answers
The required word problem of expression 2(5+w)=42, can be given as twice the sum of a number, and 5 is 42,
What are equation models?The equation model is defined as the model of the given situation in the form of an equation using variables and constants.
Here,
The question seems to be incomplete, from sources complete expression is given as 2(5+w)=42,
So word problem of expression 2(5+w)=42 can be given as,
Twice the sum of a number and 5 is 42, when we sum a number with 5 and doubled that number gives 42 as a product.
Thus, the required word problem of expression 2(5+w)=42, can be given as twice the sum of a number, and 5 is 42,
Learn more about models here:
https://brainly.com/question/22591166
#SPJ1
Whats BD? Please help. Thanks
Answers
The value of side BD of the kite is 12 units
How to find the value of side BD of the kite?
In mathematics, kite is a quadrilateral which has two pairs of congruent adjacent sides.
A kite is a geometric shape which is symmetrical. It has two pairs of congruent adjacent sides, and two pairs of congruent opposite angles. The diagonals of a kite are perpendicular bisectors of each other.
Using Pythagoras theorem:
BC² = CE² + BE²
BE = √(BC² - CE²)
BE = √(10² - 8²) = 6 units
Since ΔCDE is identical to ΔBCE.
Thus, DE = BE
DE = 6 units
Since BD = BE + DE
Thus, BD = 6 + 6 = 12 units
Learn more about kite on:
brainly.com/question/20597161
#SPJ1