Case Study: Orca vs Otters​

Around the Aleutian Islands near Alaska, a major ecological transformation occurred between 1980 and 2000. Where 100,000 sea otters once thrived among the kelp forests is now a barren zone with heavy populations of sea urchins. Tuna and salmon fisheries had been established, eliminating the smaller fish populations. These small fish were prey for seals and sea lions. Orcas preyed on the seals and sea lions for centuries, but those animals disappeared. The orcas found a new food source: sea otters. In order to make up for the calories needed to live, they needed to eat A LOT of sea otters. In just 5 years, 3 orcas had consumed around 40,000 otters! The drop in sea otter numbers resulted in an increase of the otter food: sea urchins. The urchins destroyed the kelp by over-grazing. ​

What animal was taken out of the ecosystem which then caused the negative trophic cascade effect on this kelp forest ecosystem?​

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Orcas customarily feed on sea lions and seals, which are packed with high-calorie blubber. But the population of Steller sea lions, the world's biggest sea lions, took a sharp dive in the late 1980s. Harbor seals also declined at a similar rate.  By 1992, otters were the only plentiful marine mammals left in Aleutian waters. The orcas, in their hunt for calories, apparently had been forced to switch prey.


Related Questions

What are SI units? Why are they used in science?

Answers

Answer:

The SI base units are the standard units of measurement defined by the International System of Units (SI) for the seven base quantities of what is now known as the International System of Quantities

Explanation:

So that measurements can be understood and used by others around the world !

Hope this helps !

The largest number of individuals an area can support is referred to as

Answers

Answer:

The answer is carrying capacity

III. Direction: Identify whether the following plants is flowering or Non-flowering
Write F for flowering and NF for Non-flowering.

21. Rose
22. Fern
23. Moss
24.papaya
25. mango

Answers

Answer:

21. Rose ⇒ FLOWERING (F)

22. Fern ⇒  NON-FLOWERING (NF)

23. Moss ⇒ NON-FLOWERING (NF)

24.Papaya ⇒ FLOWERING (F)

25. Mango ⇒ FLOWERING (F)

please put them in the correct place!

Answers

1- mate choices
2-mutations
3-natural selection
4-shrinking population
5-movement( gene flow)

“The rest is lost largely through metabolic processes as heat.”

How can I word that sentence differently?

Answers

Explanation:

Metabolic processes expell heat to work properly.

because it is movement of muscle tissue, which creates heat while in movement, this is called the metabolic cycle....

an arrangement of all 46 chromosomes is called a?
a. Objective Drawing
B. Non Objective Drawing
C. Karyotype

Answers

Answer:

C, Karyotype

Explanation:

..........

the answer is karyotyoe

What is Mitochondria​

Answers

Mitochondria was the powerhouse of the cell it contain oxidative enzymes that are needed for the stepwise oxydation of food by co2 and water. later on it converts the glucose into Atp and provide energy to body for doing activities

Hope it helps

Answer:

Mitochondria are like the power plants of the cell, similar to the engine of a car.

Mitochondria are organelles and they convert chemical energy (from food) into ATP, the main energy source for cellular work. Mitochondria suck and take in nutrients, break them down, and use it to make energy through the process of cellular respiration. One single cell has many mitochondria (1000 - 2000). This number really depends on the function of the cell.

For example, a nerve cell needs less energy than a muscle cell, and therefore will have fewer mitochondria. Kind of like a fast car needs a bigger engine than a slower car.

Also,

The mitochondria are closed in by two membranes. The outer membrane is the one that covers the organelle, and the inner membrane forms a special compartment with a fluid called the mitochondrial matrix. The inner membrane contains many folds called cristae, which increase the surface area inside the organelle. This increases the efficiency of the chemical reactions, allowing the mitochondria to create more ATP.

Hope this helped!

Name the two ANTIGENS associated with blood.

Answers

Answer:

The antigens expressed on the red blood cell determine an individual's blood group. The main two blood groups are called ABO (with blood types A, B, AB, and O) and Rh (with Rh D-positive or Rh D-negative blood types).

Explanation:

HELP ME PLEASE DUE SOON

Answers

Answer:

food, mates and competition with other animals are limiting biotic factors

Space, temperature, altitude, sunlight are limiting abiotic factors

Hey guys could you help me???


Which of the following is NOT a difference between RNA and DNA in human cells?
A.
RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded.
B.
DNA is helical and RNA is not.
C.
The nitrogenous bases of RNA are never hydrogen-bonded to other bases.
D.
none of the above

Answers

Answer:

C.

Explanation:

because RNA is single stranded and no pairing of bases occur

Which characteristic of life best describes the life cycle of a frog? having cells using energy responding to the environment growing and developing

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - growing and developing.

Explanation:

Al the given characteristics are the characteristics of a living organism including made up of cells, utilizing energy, response according to the environment, growth, and development, and others.

The life cycle of the frog can be described best by Growing and Developing as it grows from a tadpole to an adult frog by growing and developing. It is called metamorphosis which is an essential characteristic of frogs.

growing and developing.

All of the mentioned features are those of a living thing, such as the fact that it is made up of cells, that it uses energy, that it responds to the environment, that it grows and develops, and so on.Growing and Developing is the best way to define the frog's life cycle, since it grows from a tadpole to an adult frog by growing and developing. It's called metamorphosis, and it's a crucial feature of frogs.

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a 70kg man ascend a flight of stairs of height 4meter in 7secs calculate the power expanded by the man​

Answers

Since mass is given and time is given and height is also given then g will be 10m/s. M=70kg, h=4m, t=7s. From p=fXs=mgh/t. P=70X10X4/7. P=2800/7=400N. P=400N

hi guys please tell me what r the methods to stop growth of population please answer it's urgent​

Answers

There are the following steps to control population

Using barriers like condoms.,diapgrams etceducate people about this spread awareness in society

Hope it helps u

1. family planning
2. enforce one child per family
3. provide safe and effective contraceptive options for all

help me with this Ecosystems and Biomes Crossword Puzzle?

Answers

i can’t see it boo, i would help xo

In a pea plant that is heterozygous for seed colour, what proportion of gametes will carry the recessive allele?

Answers

Answer:

50%

Explanation:

What is mitosis and why is it important to an organism?

Answers

☁️ Answer ☁️

What is mitosis?

Mitosis definition is the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells genetically identical to each other.

Why is it important?

Mitosis is important because it is essential for growth and repair in the body. Mitosis happens when a parent cell divides, creating two identical copies, referred to as daughter cells.

Hope it helps.

Have a nice day!~  ̄▽ ̄❤️

Can someone help me answer the last 2 question (#3 and 4). It asks about diabetes.

Answers

I really hope this helps! I tried. And for the last one I’m not sure about it.
- sorry

The cytoplasm of a plant cell contains a 15% sugar solution. The plant cell is placed in sugar
solutions of different concentrations.
In which solution would there be a net diffusion of water out of the cell?
A5% sugar solution
B 10% sugar solution
с 15% sugar solution
D 20% sugar solution

Answers

Answer:

It's D!

Explanation:

cytoplasm contains a small ammoUNT OF sugar but it is higher than anyoe on the list here

20% sugar solution will cause a net diffusion of water out of the cell. Therefore option (D) is correct.

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is the movement of a substance's individual molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration over a semipermeable barrier.

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are the two primary subtypes that fall under the general term "diffusion."

Therefore,  in the above question the concentration of water inside the cell is greater as compare to outside causing a net diffusion of water out of the cell to maintain the equilibrium.

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What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

Answers

Answer:

to turn the atp synthase crank and make atp using the proton gradient

Explanation:

All living things depend on water for survival. In an organism, what is water?
A. a tissue
B. a cell
C. a molecule
D. an organ

Answers

Answer:

A.tissue

Explanation:

Water is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms. It is vital for all known forms of life, even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients

Consider plant roots and stems. Which tropism affects both these plant tissues? Which tissue experiences negative tropism versus which experiences positive tropisms?

Answers

Stems experience positive tropism because they follow light

Roots are negative tropism

Hope I helped

The tropism experiences by  both roots and stem tissue of a plant is geotropism.

Tropism is defined as the biological phenomenon in which the growth is affected with the response to stimuli.

Which tropism is found in both stem and root tissues?

The tropism that affects the growth of plants are related to the gravity. The gravity force allows the roots to grow in the direction  of gravity, and the stem grow in the direction opposite to the gravity.

The type of tropism found in the plants with respect to gravity is geotropism.

The roots are moving in the direction of the gravity, thus they experience positive geotropism. The stem moving in the opposite direction to gravity, thus it experiences negative geotropism.

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Why are viruses considered to be nonliving?

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

they only live when in a host other then that in wont live fully

B will be your answer
Hope this helps!

Complete: __________________ keep the DNA strands separate ( not to rejoin back) during replication.

Answers

Answer:

I think it's Helicase but im not quite sure

Explanation:

Answer:

Single strand binding proteins

Explanation:

Small single-strand binding proteins called SSB bind temporarily to each strand and keep the two strands separated. This step is important because DNA has a tendency to work itself back into a double helix shape.

HELP ASAP ILL GIVE YOU BRAINLIEST!!!! PLEASE!!!
1. What type of solution (isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic) do you think could have the greatest negative effect on transpiration and why?

Answers

Answer:

the hypertonic solution will have the greatest negative effect on transpiration

Explanation:

as the root hair cell of the plant in a hypertonic solution will loose water to the soil by osmosis (the net movement of water molecules from area of low water potential to area of high water potential down gradient)and as the hypertonic solution has low water potential(concentrated solution)so the water from the root (high water potential) will move out of the cell reducing the water intake so reducing the rate of transpiration .

The most detrimental effect on transpiration will be caused by the hypertonic solution.

Briefing:

As the plant's root hair cell in a hypertonic solution loses water to the soil through osmosis (the net movement of water molecules from an area of low water potential to an area of high water potential down gradient), and as the hypertonic solution has low water potential (concentrated solution), the water from the root (high water potential) will move out of the cell, reducing the water intake and thereby slowing the rate of transpiration.

What is hypertonic and hypotonic in biology?

A solution that has a lower solute concentration than solvent concentration is said to be hypotonic. On the other hand, a hypertonic has a high solute concentration in comparison to a solvent. a fluid that includes more dissolved particles, such as salt and other electrolytes, than blood and normal cells do. As instance, hypertonic solutions are being used to soak wounds.

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Pregunta de ecología: ¿Cuáles factores ecológicos afectan a los ecosistemas acuaticos? - Describe cómo afecta cada uno de estos factores, a los ecosistemas acuáticos.

Answers

Answer:

Salinidad, acidez, oxígeno, niveles de luz y temperatura.

Explicación:

Los factores ecológicos como la salinidad, la acidez, el oxígeno, los niveles de luz, la profundidad y la temperatura son los factores que afectan en gran medida a los ecosistemas acuáticos porque estos factores proporcionan ambiente a los organismos que viven en el ecosistema. La salinidad y acidez tiene un efecto directo sobre las plantas acuáticas, si la salinidad y acidez es muy alta los organismos de ese ecosistema morirán. Los niveles de oxígeno y luz también tienen un gran impacto en los animales acuáticos, si se reducen los niveles de oxígeno y luz, los organismos morirán por asfixia y las plantas no pueden producir alimentos si los niveles de luz son bajos. La temperatura del agua ayuda a la supervivencia de los organismos porque muchos organismos son sensibles a la temperatura.

Explain the function of muscle cell?

Answers

Answer:

Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals. ... Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell. Muscles function to produce force and motion.

Hope it helps!!!

Answer:

Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals. ... Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell. Muscles function to produce force and motion.

You want to know whether chewing gum will cause someone to perform better on tests. When designing the experiment, which of the following best describes your control group?

Select one:
a. A group of individuals that chew two pieces of gum.
b. A group of individuals not chewing gum.
c. A group of individuals that sucked on hard candy.
d. A group of individuals that chew a half a piece of gum.

Answers

Answer: b

Explanation:

Answer:  A group of individuals not chewing gum.

Explanation: A control group is what you are going to compare the experimental group to. Since you are experimenting on if gum will cause someone to perform better on tests you will compare their score to the group that's not chewing gum.

Both cats and dogs go through life cycles. What is similar between a cat and a dog? A: Adolescent B: Adult C: Embryo D: Juvenile Please Help!

Answers

Answer:

The correct option is C.

Embryo.

Explanation:

This is because cat and fog have zonary placentae. These is inform of a band of tissues that surrond the foetus. In cat and dog it is complete and it is found around the dog and cat embryo.

the blastocysts in cat and dog embryo are spaced very evenly all through the horns of the . In both species, i.r fog and cat there efficient transuterine migration. Which is distribution of foetuses spatially during pregnancy.

The “nucleus” of a cell is kind of like a –

Answers

Answer:

It is the main control center for the cell and acts kind of like the cell's brain. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. In fact, the definition of a eukaryotic cell is that it contains a nucleus while a prokaryotic cell is defined as not having a nucleus. The nucleus is an organelle within the cell.

Explanation:

please give brainliest

Answer:

CELLS BRAIN

Explanation:

Cell Nucleus The nucleus is perhaps the most important structure inside animal and plant cells. It is the main control center for the cell and acts kind of like the cell's brain. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Simon has been researching the B vitamins and was reading information on how a niacin deficiency is common with those who are poorly nourished and alcoholics. Which of the following meals are high in niacin?
a. chicken with mushrooms and a baked potato
b. steak with onions and broccoli
c. clam chowder soup with a lettuce salad
d. vegetable pizza
e. beef burrito with sour cream

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Chicken, Mushrooms, and Potatoes all have Niacin

Vitamin B is the type of water-soluble vitamin that is required to release energy from the food.  Chicken, mushrooms and baked potato are high in niacin.

What is vitamin B3 or niacin?

Vitamin B3, niacin or niacinamide are the class of water-soluble vitamins. It is found in the form of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid.  It works as a coenzyme and aids in the conversion of the energy into the nutrient.

It is found in both plants and animal sources like meat, fish, seeds, legumes, potatoes, chicken and many others. It should be consumed in the required amount otherwise its deficiency can cause pellagra that includes other symptoms like diarrhoea, dermatitis, headache and nausea.

Therefore, option a. chicken with mushrooms and a baked potato are meals high in niacin.

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Martin Company currently produces and sells 33,000 units of product at a selling price of $15. The product has variable costs of $5 per unit and fixed costs of $43,000. The company earns a total contribution martin of Is y=10-2/x a liner or nonlinear equation? Help me with this pls Which detail best supports the inference that Cherry is a follower?1. "Sometimes I'll catch myself talking to a girl-friend, and realize I don't mean half of what I'm saying. I don't really think a beer blast on the river bottom is super-cool, but I'll rave about one to a girl-friend just to be saying something." (pg 38)2."I wouldn't drink it if I was starving in the desert. Get lost hood." (pg 22)3."I could fall in love with Dallas Winston. I hope I never see him again, or I will." (pg 26)4."All Socs aren't like that," she said. You have to believe me, Ponyboy. Not all of us are like that." (pg 34) Plz answer!!! Due in 10 minutes!!! 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Ca(NO2)2 How did the Filipino preserve the culture during pre-colonial period? asap When attending a play during the renaissance music was an integral part of the experience how was this best demonstrated can some one punctate my essay im feelin lazyIn the novel lord of the files Jack slowly changes for the worst in the novel Jack is clearly still bound by his parents and the average rules of daily life at the start of the novel, and he still wants to be seen as a leader and a friend. I know this because when he catches a pig and tries to kill it, the author of the novel uses words that describe being forced to do it for food "he couldn't because of the enormity of the knife descending and cutting into living flesh." He also struggles to kill a living creature because he's never done anything like it before. Jack still feels bad for the pig and does not want to kill it, when he uses these words in the book "living flesh." Jack started to develop a crazed and aggressive side. In the book when Jack's hunting job begins to consume his mind, he has a "compulsion to track down and kill something that was swallowing him up."(page 51) The word 'compulsion' shows that Jack has no control over his mind and is compulsive; it is almost controlling him. It's possible that Jack became fixated because he felt like a failure and less himself for failing to kill the pig, and now he wants to prove he's not useless or weak by killing one. This drives Jack crazy because it's difficult to see someone killing something or be so joyful and liking it unless they were insane. Jack does manage to kill the pig, but it only makes him angrier and more controlling in the book. After killing the pig, he leads a group of boys in a dance around the pigs head, saying "Kill the pig, cut her throat, spill the blood."(69) When Jack starts forming a group on the island, his behavior changes once more. When the boys are debating who will go up the mountain to find the beast, Jack says he will and shouts at Ralph, "Are you coming?" Him saying this is making Ralph look like the smaller person and is trying to start drama in the group. Ralph ends up too afraid to go up the mountain, and Jack will be able to show the boys why he should be their brave new leader. This is a very smart move by Jack because we see Jack attempt to take control of the group from Ralph.Jack eventually gets what he wants and rises to the top of the ladder where he is the new leader. He then starts to manipulate and brainwash everyone in the group causing the death of Piggy then the hunting of Ralph Then eventually they get rescued by a British Soldier. 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