Chemicals that change behavior or mood by directly affecting activity of the postsynaptic cell are referred to as neurotransmitter
In a chemical synapse the postsynaptic membrane is the membrane that receives a signal from the presynaptic cell and respond via depolarization or hyperpolarization and neurotransmitter play an important role in neural communication and they are chemical messengers that carry massages between nerve cell and other cell in your body and influencing everything from mood to involuntary movements and monoamine neurotransmitter such as dopamine are the most important neurotransmitter in the pathophysiology of mood disorders
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physical properties of matter ability to be stretched into a wire without breaking
Ductility is the physical property of matter which indicates ability to be stretched into a wire without breaking.
Due to its physical attribute of ductility, metal will stretch as opposed to breaking when pulled. In other words, a material's ductile qualities are its capacity to experience significant plastic deformation under tensile stress prior to rapture. Nickel, copper, steel, and other ductile materials are examples.
Brittleness is the property of metals that accounts for their breaking under tensile stress without producing stretch. Another name for it is abrupt failure. Glass, iron, and other fragile materials are examples.
The ability of a material to absorb mechanical overload is determined by its ductility, which is a crucial factor in engineering and manufacturing.
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if x x represents the molar solubility of b a 3 ( p o 4 ) 2 bax3(pox4)x2 , what is the correct equation for the k s p ksp ?
If x represent the molar solubility of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ Bax₃(POx₄)x₂ the correct equation for Ksp is (3x)³(2x)².
The equation is given as :
Ba₃(PO₄)₂ ⇄ 3Ba²⁺ + 2PO₄³⁻
if x represent molar solubility then , we get :
Ba₃(PO₄)₂ ⇄ 3Ba²⁺ + 2PO₄³⁻
3x 2x
therefore , the solubility product constant is given as :
Ksp = (3x)³(2x)²
The solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant which used for the dissolving of solid substances into the aqueous solution. The solubility product constant is denoted as Ksp. The value of solubility constant depends on temperature.
Thus, If x represent the molar solubility of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ Bax₃(POx₄)x₂ the correct equation for Ksp is (3x)³(2x)².
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Draw a valid lewis structure for methane, ch4. What is the formal charge on the carbon atom?.
Methane is the common name for methane. In the organic molecule, it is the simplest hydrocarbon and a hydride of carbon. Tetrahedral in shape and with an exact bond angle of 109.50 in Lewis structure.
The methane molecule has the Lewis structure, Dots are used to indicate the positions of electrons surrounding the atoms in a molecule, while lines or pairs of dots are used to represent covalent connections between atoms in a Lewis structure. The goal of creating a Lewis dot structure is to locate the molecules' lone electron pairs in order to establish how chemical bonds are formed. Natural gas's primary component and the simplest alkane is methane, a chemical molecule with the molecular formula methane (one carbon atom bound to four hydrogen atoms).
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What mass of iodine is produced when 14.2 grams of chlorine reacts with potassium iodine?
Answer:
50.8g of iodine is produced.
Explanation:
You have to do stoichiometry. To get grams of iodine produced.
Start with grams of chlorine that you're givenConvert these to moles (using molar mass)Convert moles of Cl2 into moles of I2Convert moles of I2 into grams of I2 (using molar mass)(Remember to multiply across the top and divide by the bottom)
[tex]\frac{14.2g Cl2}{1} * \frac{1 mol Cl2}{70.9g} * \frac{1 mol I2}{1mol I2} * \frac{253.8g}{1 mol I2}[/tex]
polonium was discovered in uranium ores by marie and pierre curie. polonium-210 decays by emitting a single alpha particle. what nuclide is formed in this process?
A nuclide is formed in the process [tex]^{206}Pb[/tex].
What is polonium-210?Polonium is а rаdioаctive element thаt occurs nаturаlly in very low concentrаtions in the eаrth’s crust. Mаrie аnd Pierre Curie discovered polonium in 1898 while they were seeking the cаuse of the rаdioаctivity of pitchblende ore thаt contаined urаnium. Polonium in its pure form is а low-melting, fаirly volаtile metаl. Аll polonium isotopes аre rаdioаctive, but most аre very short-lived аnd decаy rаpidly. Only three polonium isotopes lаst for аny аppreciаble аmount of time. Those isotopes аre polonium-208, polonium-209, аnd polonium-210.
Polonium-210 is the predominаnt nаturаlly occurring isotope of polonium аnd the one most widely used. Polonium-210 hаs а hаlf-life of 138 dаys, аnd it decаys to stаble leаd-206 by emitting аn аlphа pаrticle (аn аlphа pаrticle hаs two protons аnd two neutrons).
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a sample of a gas has a pressure of 95 kpa and takes up 4.0 l at a certain temperature. if the pressure is raised to 101 kpa and the volume expands to 6.0 l at 471 k. what was the original temperature?
According to combined gas law:
[tex]P_{1}V_{1}/T_{1}=P_{2}V_{2}/T_{2}[/tex]
So, given [tex]P_{1}=95kpa,V_{1}=4l,P_{2}=101kpa,V_{2}=6l,T_{2}=471k[/tex]
After substituting values in the formula,
[tex]95*4/T_{1}=101*6/471[/tex]
[tex]T_{1}=295k[/tex]
What is the Combined Gas Law?
The Combined Gas Law states that for a fixed amount of gas:PVT=k (k being the proportionality constant)
The Combined Gas Law combines Charles's Law, Boyle's Law, and Gay-Lussac's LawThe Combined Gas Law is written as: [tex]P_{1}V_{1}/T_{1}=P_{2}V_{2}/T_{2}[/tex]Thus, the original temperature is 295k.
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what salt water body does the water you use in your home travel to?
Other natural therapies, such as salt water, can help soothe a sore throat. Gargling with salt water works well to destroy bacteria, reduce discomfort, and loosen mucus.
What does "remedying a situation" mean?When you fix something that is broken or harmful, you enhance it. To correct the situation, a lot has been done inside. Synonyms include rectify, redress, and reform. More remedies' opposites.
Describe the four treatments.The four primary categories of judicial remedies are (1) damages, (2) restitution, (3) coercive remedies, and (4) declaratory remedies. These categories are organized according to their intended use. Damages are typically used as a remedy to make up for any harm that has been done to the affected party.
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f 150 mL of a 2.5M KBr solution is diluted to 500 mL, what is the new concentration of KBr?
Taking into account the definition of dilution, if 150 mL of a 2.5M KBr solution is diluted to 500 mL, the new concentration of KBr is 0.75 M.
DilutionA stock solution is a highly concentrated solution. Stock solutions are very useful because they allow a portion to be diluted to obtain the desired concentration.
Then, dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of solute in solution, which is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.
A dilution is mathematically expressed as:
Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf
where
Ci: initial concentrationVi: initial volumeCf: final concentrationVf: final volumeNew concentration of KBrIn this case, you know:
Ci= 2.50 MVi= 150 mLCf= ?Vf= 500 mLReplacing in the definition of dilution:
2.50 M× 150 mL= Cf× 500 mL
Solving:
(2.50 M× 150 mL)÷ 500 mL= Cf
0.75 M= Cf
In summary, the new concentration of KBr is 0.75 M.
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Chemical reactions are essential to the function of the human body. Many of these reactions would not occur without the presence of substances called enzymes.
Describe enzymes and give an example that shows their importance in the human body.
Explanation:
enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of reaction without being used up in the reaction process.
this is done by providing an alternative route to the reaction progress that'll require a lower activation energy.
example - digestive enzyme Amylase, is used to breakdown sugars into glucose for cellular respiration.
hope it helps. :)
what is the abbreviated nomenclature for a 14-carbon omega-3 fatty acid that contains no other double bonds?
14:1 (delta 11) denotes the presence of a single double bond at carbon 11, starting at the carboxyl terminus, in the fatty acid.
How is omega-3 created?
The chloroplasts of plants, including grass, leaves, green algae, and other plants, produce omega-3s. Fish, animals, and humans are unable to make omega-3s on their own. Instead, they obtain them from this vegetation.
Explanation:
With the exception of steroids, fatty acids are carboxylic acids that provide the structural foundation of fats, oils, and all other types of lipids. More than 70 have been found in the natural world. They are typically unbranched, have an even number of carbon atoms, and can be divided into groups based on the existence and quantity of carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
14:1 (delta 11) denotes the presence of a single double bond at carbon 11, starting at the carboxyl terminus, in the fatty acid.
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The ratio :14 (delta 11) inside the fatty acid indicates a lone double bond at carbon 11, starting at the 3'-end.
How is omega-3 created?In their chloroplasts, plants such as grasses, leaves, cyanobacteria, and other flora all produce omega-3 fatty acids. Fish, animals, or humans cannot create omega-3s on their own. Instead, they get them from this facility.
Explanation:Fatty acids, which are naturally acidic, are the components of oils, oils, and other lipids as well as the legos of steroids. The natural world has more than 70 that have been discovered. They can be classified into categories based on the number and amount of coal single bonds, and are often spindle-shaped.
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which formula(s) do you need to determine the ph that results from mixing 100 ml of 0.5 m hcl with 500 ml of 0.4 m nh3? think about all 8 steps and select all that apply.
HCl⟶H++Cl−
HI⟶H++I−
According to, the molarity of H+ is the same as HCl, because it is a strong acid and the mole ratio. So, I added the molarity of both acids: 0.15 M+0.055 M=0.205 M for H+ in solution.
pH= −log [H+]
pH= −log [0.205]
pH= 0.689
cHI(H+)=c(HI)cHCl(H+)=c(HCl)
Now you need to determine the amount of the protons in each solution with
n=c⋅V.
You have to add the amount of protons in each solution and determine the combined volume.
ntot(H+)=nHI(H+)+nHCl(H+)Vtot=V(HI)+V(HCl)
To calculate the pH of the resulting concentration, just take the negative logarithm.
pH=−logctot (H+) = −log[ntot (H+) Vtot]
pH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
It determines the acidity and basicity of the solution.
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4. How is a straight average different from a weighted average?
When calculating the straight average or arithmetic average, all numbers are treated equally and are weighted equally. Weighted averaging, however, assigns a weight that predetermines the relative importance of each data point. Weighted averages are most often calculated to even out the frequency of values in a data set.
What are straight average and weighted average ?
The straight average is calculated by adding the earned totals and dividing by the possible totals using points or percentages for the current grading period assignment. The weighted average assigns an importance (or weight) to each number. Weighted averages are more useful than regular averages because they provide more nuance. Less important data are given less weight, so more important data have more impact on results
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how many grams of silver chromate will precipitate when 150 ml of .500 m silver nitrate is added to 100 ml of .400 potassium chromate
There is 12.4g of silver chromate.
Almost all alkali metal compounds and nitrates are soluble, but most silver compounds are not. Therefore, when the soluble salts silver nitrate and sodium chromate are mixed, insoluble silver chromate is formed and precipitated. This method involves titrating the chloride ion concentration in a solution with silver nitrate. A silver chloride precipitate forms when the silver nitrate solution is slowly added.
The endpoint of the titration is when all chloride ions have precipitated. Silver chromate precipitates as a brick-red precipitate from aqueous solutions. This reaction is also called a precipitation reaction. A precipitate is an insoluble solid that forms when solutions are mixed. For precipitation titrations with silver nitrate, a suitable indicator indicates the end point of the titration by a color change when there is excess Ag+ in the solution.
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what is the stock system name for N2O3, CO, SO3
Answer:
N2O3= Dinitride Trioxide
CO= Carbon Oxide
SO3= Sulfide Trioxide
Explanation:
Di= 2
Tri= 3
outline method to obtain pure crystals of potassium chloride from potassium chloride solution
Potassium chloride can be defined as a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless.
To prepare Potassium Chloride from Potassium Chloride Solution.
1. KCl can be analyzed by reacting bases of potassium (such as potassium hydroxide) with hydrochloric acid. This ensures acid-base neutralization reaction will yield water and potassium chloride as the products.
KCL + HCL = KCL + H2O
2. Boiling the solution can help in removing the water until a super-saturated solution is obtained and then cooling the super saturated solution at room temperature and introducing a seed crystal of Potassium chloride, crystals of Potassium chloride are obtained.
This is how , pure crystals of potassium chloride from potassium chloride solution
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how does the frequency of light affects the color of an object?science
The frequency of light affects the color of an object by an increase bringing about a change from red to orange to yellow etc.
What is Frequency?This is used to refer to the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time and the unit is hertz.
As the frequency increases the color changes which is because colors such as red have the lowest frequency while violet has the highest frequency. As the frequency changes, there is also a corresponding change in the color and the one perceived by the eyes is in its appropriate range.
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Why didn't some scientists agree with Newlands 'Law of Octaves'
The reason that some scientists did not agree with Newlands 'Law of Octaves' was Because so many new elements were still being found and could not be included in the table, many scientists did not agree with Newland's law of octaves.
Why did other scientists reject Newlands' claims?He placed sulfur (S) and oxygen (O), two non-metals, in the same group as iron (Fe), a metal, as an illustration. His table was rejected by other scientists as a result.
Additionally, not all of the elements in his octaves shared the same characteristics. For instance, in the seventh octave, O (Oxygen, a non-metal), and Fe (Iron a metal).
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a 50.0 ml sample of 2.50 m phosphoric acid is titrated with a 1.20 m barium hydroxide solution. determine the volume of base used to reach the equivalence point in the titration.
The required volume of base is 156.25 mL
TitrationTitration of a strong acid with a strong base is a quantitative analysis to determine the molarity of an acid or base solution. Phosphoric acid has the chemical formula H₃3PO₄ with an acid valence of 3, while Barium hydroxide has the chemical formula Ba(OH)₂ with a base valence of 2. The volume of base needed can be calculated using the following formula:
(M H₃PO₄) (V H₃PO₄) (valence) = (M Ba(OH)₂ (V Ba(OH)₂) (valence)
We have,
M H₃3PO₄ = 2.50 m
V H₃3PO₄ = 50 ml
Valence = 3
M Ba(OH)₂ = 1.2 m
V Ba(OH)₂ = ?
Valence = 2
So,
(M H₃PO₄) (V H₃PO₄) (valence) = (M Ba(OH)₂ (V Ba(OH)₂) (valence)
(2.50) (50.0) (3) = (1.20) (V Ba(OH)₂) (2)
375 = 2.40 V Ba(OH)₂
V Ba(OH)₂ = 375/2.40
= 156.25 mL
So, The required volume of base is 156.25 mL
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how many unpaired electrons are in the carbon atom? this atom is ... a. paramagnetic ... b. diamagnetic
There are two unpaired electrons in the carbon atom and the carbon atom is paramagnetic.
To check whether an atom atom has any unpaired electron we should check the electronic configuration of that atom.
The electron configuration of the carbon atom is given as,
[He]2s²2p²
According to the orbital diagram of the p orbital, there are two electrons in the P orbital which are unpaired in the carbon atom.
It means that the carbon atom has to unpaired electrons.
Because the carbon atom has two unpaired electrons it is paramagnetic in nature.
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according to the ideal gas law, a 0.9686 mol sample of oxygen gas in a 1.309 l container at 270.9 k should exert a pressure of 16.45 atm. what is the percent difference between the pressure calculated using the van der waals' equation and the ideal pressure?
The percent difference between the pressure calculated using the van der waals' equation and the ideal pressure is 5.89 %.
This can be calculated using van der waals' equation, followed by calculating pressure difference by: [P(ideal)-P(Van der waal's equation)/P(ideal)]*100
P(ideal) is given: 16.45
P(van der waals'): [tex](P+n2aV2)(V−nb)=nRT[/tex]
T= 270.9K
V=1.301 L
a for oxygen = 1.36 (L2 atm mol-2)
b for oxygen = 0.0319 (L mol-1)
n= 0.9686 mol
Using equation P(van der waals's) = 15.48 bar
and difference is 5.81%
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what type of quantitative chemical method was used to determine the precise concentration of hydroxide in the experiment?
The type of quantitative chemical method was used to determine the precise concentration of hydroxide in the experiment is titration.
Titration is quantitative chemical method used to determine the concentration of unknown solution by using the known concentration of solution. the solution with the known concentration is called as the titrant. the solution of the unknown concentration is called as analyte. titrant is added from burette to known quantity of solution of unknown concentration that is analyte until the reaction is complete.
Thus, The type of quantitative chemical method was used to determine the precise concentration of hydroxide in the experiment is titration.
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what are the spectator ions in the reaction between aqueous hydrobromic acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide?
Na⁺ and Br⁻ are the spectator ions in the reaction.
Those ions which do not participate in the chemical reaction and are present on both sides of the reaction i.e. reactants side and the products side are known as spectator ions. The reaction between aqueous hydrobromic acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide is as follows:
HBr (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaBr (aq) + H₂O (l)
As clear from the above equation that HBr, NaOH and NaBr are completely ionized in water and the complete equation with ions is as follows:
H⁺ + Br⁻ + Na⁺ + OH⁻ → Na⁺ + Br⁻ + H₂O
So Na⁺ and Br⁻ are the ions which are taking part in the reaction and also present on both sides of the arrow so these two ions are spectator ions.
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what atomic or hybrid orbital on the central p atom makes up the sigma bond between this p and an outer cl atom in phosphorous pentachloride, pcl5 ?
In phosphorous pentachloride, also known as pcl5, the central p atom's hybrid orbital, designated Sp3d, forms a sigma bond with an exterior cl atom. The P molecule hybridization is indicated by the symbol sp3d.
To create 5 P-Cl sigma bond in this situation, the P atom needs 5 orbitals. It needs to create the fifth sigma bond using one of its three 3d orbitals because it has three 3s and two 3p orbitals. These orbitals are combined to create five sp3d orbitals, making a triangular bipyramid. The process was referred to as hybridization, and it was characterized as the redistribution of the energy in the individual atoms' orbitals to create new orbitals with equivalent energy. The new orbitals are created and given the term hybrid orbitals. Is known as hybridization.
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if 100. ml of the solution in part 1 is concentrated by evaporation to give a final volume of 1.00 ml, what is the change in ph?
if 100. ml of the solution in part 1 is concentrated by evaporation to give a final volume of 1.00 ml, the change in pH decreases by 2 pH increases by 2.
what is evaporation?
Your body feels a little bit colder when you put perfume on it. Water and acetone operate similarly. This is a result of evaporation, which is the process by which a substance transforms from a liquid to a gas. The only distinction is the speed at which the cooling is experienced. Acetone causes the area of your body closest to the liquid to cool off the fastest. This occurs as a result of acetone evaporating more quickly than water or scent.The transfer of the liquid particles into the gaseous phase is known as evaporation, which often occurs on the surface of liquids.However, This procedure is therefore stated to include a shift in the liquids' condition of matter.
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what molecules does mgso4 remove from the viodiesel, what chemical interactions are occuring that allow this to work
The MgSO₄ (magnesium sulfate) remove water molecules entrapped in biodiesel. Ion dipole are the interactions that allow this to work.
Diesel fuel can be replaced by domestically produced, clean-burning biodiesel. The use of biodiesel as a vehicle fuel increases energy security, benefits the environment and the air we breathe, and enhances safety. Animal fats, used cooking oils, yellow grease, and vegetable oils can all be used to make biodiesel. The process of transesterification, which turns fats and oils into biodiesel and glycerin, produces the fuel. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a dipole-containing neutral molecule produces an attractive force known as the ion-dipole force. typically located in solutions. important in particular for ionic compound solutions in polar liquids.
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what precautions should a remote pic do to prevent possible inflight emergencies when using lithium-based batteries?
When using lithium-based batteries In order to enable optimal recharging, store the batteries in a fridge.
What are the dangers of lithium batteries?As long as there are no flaws as well as the cells are not damaged, lithium batteries are type of ethical and unlikely to malfunction. Lithium batteries may pose a fire and/or detonation risk if they are damaged or unable to function safely.
Lithium or ion batteries: which performs better?For reliable and high-power use, lithium-ion and battery packs are both appropriate. But compared to battery packs, battery packs are more effective and common. This is so that they may be used in large quantities due to their higher power levels.
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If 0. 3 moles of H2O were produced, how many moles of carbon dioxide would also have been produced?
In a chemical reaction, 0. 3 moles of H2O result in the production of 0.2 moles of CO2. Chemical reactions are the means through which one group of chemical compounds are changed into another.
Chemical reactions are typically defined as changes that only affect the positions of electrons in the formation and breakage of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (i.e., no change to the elements present). These types of changes are often included in the term chemical reactions.
Number of moles Definition We utilize this enormous quantity to measure atoms. Additionally, it equals the 6.022* 10 23 atoms that make up 12 grammes of carbon-12, or atoms.
C2H6 + 7/2O2 = 2CO2 + 3H2O,
where moles(CO2)=(2*0,3)/3=0.2 mol,
and n(CO2)=(2*0,3)/3=n(H2O);
n(CO2)=n(CO2)=n(H2O).
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matter can be broadly described as a solid, liquid, or gas. (there are more exotic states, including plasma, but we will ignore them for now.) in which phase of matter is the material that makes up the atmosphere?
All the three phases (solid, liquid, gas) of matter make up the atmosphere.
Phases are also known as state - states of matter or phases of matter. There are generally three states of matter - Solid, liquid, and gases.
Among all three gases have the lowest density as they have the weakest intermolecular forces. If gases are put in a container, then they fill up the entire volume of the container. In gases, the molecules are constantly moving and getting replaced by other gas particles.
In contrast to gases, the liquids have relatively higher intermolecular forces and are relatively dense and incompressible. In liquid we can determine the viscosity that is - the rate at which they flow.
Solids are relatively dense, rigid and have highest intermolecular force unlike liquids and solid. In solids, the molecules are compactly packed, hence preventing the molecules from moving from its place.
Complete question: -
Matter can be broadly described as a solid, liquid, or gas. (There are more exotic states, including plasma, but we will ignore them for now.) In which phase of matter is the material that makes up the atmosphere? A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. All of these
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Fe(s) + O2(g) →Fe₂O3(s)
Answer:
4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g) = 2Fe₂O₃(s)
The table below shows the boiling points of
some halogens.
Explain the trend in the boiling points of the
halogens.
Answer:
Boiling point decrease from left to right of the periodic table