Answer:
a) % of excess = 236 %
b) Conversion of benzene = 0.27
c) Yield = 83.8%
d) ratio = 0.265
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
The liquid output from the reactor contains:
65.0 wt% C6H6
32.0 wt% C6H5Cl
2.5 wt% C6H4Cl2
0.5 wt% C6H3Cl3
Molar mass of C6H6 = 78.11 g/mol
Molar mass of C6H5Cl = 112.56 g/mol
Molar mass of C6H4Cl2 = 147.01 g/mol
Molar massof C6HCl3 = 181.45 g/mol
Step 2: The equations
General form: A + B → C +D
C6H6 + Cl2 → C6H5Cl + HCl
C6H5Cl + Cl2 → C6H4Cl2 + HCl
C6H4Cl2 + HCl → C6H3Cl3 + HCl
Step 3: Calculate number of moles
Lets suppose the total mass in the reactor is 100 grams
Number of moles =mass / molar mass
Number of moles C6H6 = 65.0 grams / 78.11 g/mol
Number of moles C6H6 = 0.832 moles C6H6
Number of moles C6H5Cl = 32.0 grams / 112.56 g/mol
Number of moles C6H5Cl = 0.284 moles C6H5Cl
Number of moles C6H4Cl2 = 2.5 grams / 147.01 g/mol
Number of moles C6H4Cl2 = 0.017 moles C6H4Cl2
Number of moles C6H3Cl3 = 0.50 grams / 181.45 g/mol
Number of moles C6H3Cl3 = 0.0028 moles C6H3Cl3
Total number of moles = moles C6H6 + moles C6H5Cl + moles C6H4Cl2 + moles C6H3Cl3
Total number of moles = 0.832 + 0.284 + 0.017 + 0.0028
Total number of moles = 1.14 moles
Liquid part: C6H6 + Cl2 → C6H5Cl + HCl
n1 → n3 + n4 ( HCl)
Gas part: n2 (Cl2) + n3 → nTotal (1.14 moles)
Moles of carbon = 6*n1 = 1.14 moles of A
moles of Hydrogen = 6*n1 = 6* moles of C6H6 + 5*moles of C6H5Cl + 4* moles of C6H4Cl2 + 3* moles of C6H3Cl3 + moles of HCl ( = n4)
moles of Hydrogen =6*n1 = 6*0.832 + 5*0.284 + 4*0.017 + 3*0.0028 + n4
n4 = 0.352 moles of D (HCl)
Moles of Chlorine: 2*n2 = 1* moles of HCl + 1* moles of C6H5Cl + 2* moles of C6H4Cl2 + 3* moles C6H3Cl3
Moles of Chlorine: 2*n2 = n4 + 1*0.284 moles + 2* 0.017 moles + 3* 0.0028 moles
Moles of chlorine = 0.339 moles B
Step 4: Calculate the excess of benzene
For 1 mol benzene we need 1 mol Cl2
For 0.339 moles Cl2 we have 0.339 moles benzene
% of excess = (total amount of moles - moles of benzene) / moles of benzene
% of excess = ((1.14 - 0.339)/ 0.339) * 100 % = 236 %
Step 5: Calculate the conversion of benzene
Conversion of benzene = (1.14 moles - 0.832 moles ) / 1.14 moles
Conversion of benzene = 0.27
Step 6: the fractional yield of monochlorobenzene
Yield = ( moles of monochlorobenzene produced / total moles) * 100%
Yield = (0.284 moles / 0.339 moles ) * 100 %
Yield = 83.8%
Step 7: Calculate mass of gass
Mass of gass (Cl2) = (Moles of Cl2 * molar mass of Cl2) * 98%
Mass of gass (Cl2) = (0.339 moles*70.9 g/mol ) * 0.98
MAss of gass = 23.6 grams
Step 8: Calculate mass of liquid
Mass of liquid = total amount of moles * molar mass of C6H6
Mass of liquid = 1.14 moles * 78.11 g/mol
Mass of liquid = 89.0 grams
Step 9: Calculate the mass ratio
Mass ratio = mass gass / mass liquid
Mass ratio = 23.6 grams / 89.0 grams
Mass ratio = 0.265
In this exercise we have to use the knowledge of chemistry to calculate the compositions of benzene, in this way we find that
a) 236 %
b) 0.27
c) 83.8%
d) 0.265
First, let's punctuate the information given in the text, which can be summarized in:
[tex]65.0 \ wt\% \ C6H6[/tex]MM: [tex]C6H6 = 78.11 g/mol[/tex]
[tex]32.0 \ wt\% \ C6H5Cl[/tex]MM: [tex]C6H5Cl = 112.56 g/mol[/tex]
[tex]2.5 \ wt\% \ C6H4Cl2[/tex]MM: [tex]C6H4Cl2 = 147.01 g/mol[/tex]
[tex]0.5 \ wt\% \ C6H3Cl3[/tex] MM: [tex]C6HCl3 = 181.45 g/mol[/tex]
Now writing the equations of the compositions given above, we can find that, general form:
[tex]A + B \rightarrow C +D[/tex]
equations of the compositions form:
[tex]C6H6 + Cl2 \rightarrow C6H5Cl + HCl[/tex] [tex]C6H5Cl + Cl2 \rightarrow C6H4Cl2 + HCl[/tex] [tex]C6H4Cl2 + HCl \rightarrow C6H3Cl3 + HCl[/tex]
from the informed data and equations we can now calculate the number of moles in each of the forms, so lets suppose the total mass in the reactor is 100 grams, in that case we have:
[tex]Number of moles = mass / molar\ mass[/tex]
C6H6: [tex]65.0 / 78.11 = 0.832 moles[/tex] C6H5Cl: [tex]32.0 / 112.56 = 0.284 moles[/tex] C6H4Cl2: [tex]2.5 / 147.01 = 0.017 moles[/tex] C6H3Cl3: [tex]0.50 / 181.45 = 0.0028 moles[/tex] Total number of moles : [tex]0.832 + 0.284 + 0.017 + 0.0028 = 1.14 moles[/tex]
The liquid part can be rewritten as:
[tex]C6H6 + Cl2 \rightarrow C6H5Cl + HCl\\n1 \rightarrow n3 + n4 ( HCl)[/tex]
The gas part can be rewritten as:
[tex]n2 (Cl2) + n3 \rightarrow 1.14 moles[/tex]
Moles of Carbon: [tex]1.14 moles[/tex] Moles of Hydrogen: [tex]6*0.832 + 5*0.284 + 4*0.017 + 3*0.0028 + n4[/tex] Moles of Chlorine: [tex]0.339 moles[/tex]
Now we can calculate the excess benzene from the equations described above, thus we find:
For 1 mol benzene we need 1 mol Cl2 For 0.339 moles Cl2 we have 0.339 moles benzene
[tex]\% \ of \ excess = (total \ amount \ of \ moles - moles \ of \ benzene) / moles \ of \ benzene[/tex]
[tex]\% \ of \ excess = ((1.14 - 0.339)/ 0.339) * 100 = 236 \%[/tex]
Calculate the conversion of benzene, we have:
[tex]Conversion \ of \ benzene = (1.14 moles - 0.832 moles ) / 1.14 moles = 0.27[/tex]
The fractional yield of monochlorobenzene, that can be say:
[tex]Yield = ( moles\ monochlorobenzene / total\ moles) * 100\\Yield = (0.284 moles / 0.339 moles ) * 100 \\Yield = 83.8%[/tex]
Calculate mass of gass, we have:
[tex]Mass of gass (Cl2) = (Moles of Cl2 * molar mass of Cl2) * 98\\Mass of gass (Cl2) = (0.339 moles*70.9 g/mol ) * 0.98\\Mass of gass = 23.6 grams[/tex]
Calculate mass of liquid, we have that:
[tex]Mass \ of \ liquid = total \ amount \ of \ moles * molar \ mass \ of \ C6H6\\Mass \ of \ liquid = 1.14 moles * 78.11 g/mol\\Mass \ of\ liquid = 89.0 grams[/tex]
Calculate the mass ratio, we can say that:
[tex]Mass \ ratio = mass \ gass / mass \ liquid\\Mass \ ratio = 23.6 grams / 89.0 grams\\Mass \ ratio = 0.265[/tex]
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Pleaaase argent !!! Explain ur answers
Consider the following reaction:
Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) ↔︎ [Fe(SCN)]2-(aq)
1)Explain what is meant by the term dynamic equilibrium.
2)Write the equilibrium expression for the reaction.
3) The numerical value of Kc at 298K is about 1000 for the reaction. What does this tell you about the position of the equilibrium at 298K?
Answer:
1. Dynamic equilibrium is a equilibrium in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of backward direction. It is represented by a right left arrow.
2) Equilibrium constant is defined as the ratio of concentration of products to the concentration of reactants each raised to the power their stoichiometric ratios. It is expressed as [tex]K_c[/tex]
For the given chemical reaction:
[tex]Fe^{3+}(aq)+SCN^-(aq)\rightleftharpoons [Fe(SCN)]^{2-}(aq)[/tex]
The expression for [tex]K_c[/tex] is written as:
[tex]K_c=\frac{[[Fe(SCN)]^{2-}]}{[Fe^{3+}][SCN^-]}[/tex]
3) The value of [tex]K_c[/tex] is 1000 , which means the products are more favoured as compared to reactants and that the equilibrium lies more towards product side.
A wave is a disturbance that carries...
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, c, for the reaction
Q(g)+X(g)=2M(g)+N(g)
given that
M(g)=Z(g) c1=3.97
6R(g)=2N(g)+4Z(g) c2=0.523
3X(g)+3Q(g)=9R(g) c3=11.8
Question is asking for c
Which of the following can limit the growth of a population of organisms?
O Both diseases and the availability of resources can limit the growth of a population of organisms.
Diseases can limit the growth of a population of organisms, but the availability of resources cannot.
O The availability of resources can limit the growth of a population of organisms, but diseases cannot.
O Neither diseases nor the availability of resources can limit the growth of a population of organisms.
Answer: The answer is both diseases and availability of resources can limit the growth of a population of organisms which is A
Explanation:
The total oxide ion charge in a formula unit of Mn2O3 is 6-. What is the charge on each manganese ion ?
Answer:
Mn= +3 charge
Explanation:
if you take what we know, and that would be the charge of oxygen, we know that oxygen has a 2- charge and there are 3 sets of O^2- so multiply the number of oxygen times the charge and you get 6-.
Next set up an equation as listed in the picture which will be 2(x)=6
and that is the charge of the Mn ion.
A 15 g sample of steam at 100°C is emitted from a volcano. It condenses, cools, and falls as snow at 0°C. How many kilojoules of heat were released? [Specific heat of liquid water = 1.00 cal/g°C or 4.184 J/g°C); solid water 0.485 cal/g°C or 2.03 J/g°C]
Answer:
q= -40.236 or 40.236 KJ of heat released
Explanation:
I attached a picture + a cooling curve.
What is the mass of 2.18 mol of Cu?
139 g Cu
General Formulas and Concepts:Math
Pre-Algebra
Order of Operations: BPEMDAS
Brackets Parenthesis Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction Left to RightChemistry
Atomic Structure
Reading a Periodic TableMolesStoichiometry
Using Dimensional AnalysisExplanation:Step 1: Define
[Given] 2.18 mol Cu
[Solve] grams Cu
Step 2: Identify Conversion
[PT] Molar Mass of Cu - 63.55 g/mol
Step 3: Convert
[DA] Set up: [tex]\displaystyle 2.18 \ mol \ Cu(\frac{63.55 \ g \ Cu}{1 \ mol \ Cu})[/tex][DA] Multiply [Cancel out units]: [tex]\displaystyle 138.539 \ mol \ Cu[/tex]Step 4: Check
Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 3 sig figs.
138.539 g Cu ≈ 139 g Cu
which part of the red blood cells can you find hemoglobin
Answer:
The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can bind oxygen and is responsible for the red color of the cells and the blood. Each human red blood cell contains approximately 270 million of these hemoglobin molecules.
What are the 5 common uses of fossil fuels?
Answer:
Electricity. Coal alone provides half the electricity in the United States. ...
Heating. Oil and natural gas are commonly used for heating homes as well as providing heat for industrial applications.
Transportation. Oil supplies 99 percent of the energy for cars in the form of gasoline and diesel. ...
Limits. ...
Considerations.
Explanation:
What type of energy is a light switch
1.thermal
2.sound
3.light
4.electrical
5.mechanical
Answer:
electrical
Explanation:
With electrical energy, it's helpful to think of an on/off switch. When the switch is off, the electrical energy is stored as potential energy. When the switch is on, electrical energy is being used as kinetic energy.
gas laws escape room
Answer:
what are you asking
Explanation:
The gas laws are Boyle's law, Charles law, ideal gas law, and Gay-Lussac law.
What are the different gas laws?The first law is Boyle's law that states that at constant temperature, the pressure varies with volume of the gas.
The second law is Charles's law that states that at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.
Above, both laws form the ideal gas law. PV = nRT.
Thus, the gas laws are Boyle's law, Charles law, ideal gas law, and Gay-Lussac law.
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9.
Calculate the mass of a liquid with a density of 3.2 g/mL and a volume of 24 mL.
type of environmental factors such as the presence of a hormone that might affect an organism's phenotype is __________
about the door is locked and I think I have a few questions about the door is locked and I think I have
Explanation:
can you tell me what the door is locked and I think I have a few questions about the door is locked and I think I have a few questions
What are some differences between earth and mars
Oki,
1. Earth is third planet away from the Sun whiles Mars is the fourth planet away from the Sun.
2.. Earth takes 365 days to revolve around the Sun whiles Mars takes 687 days to do so.
3. Earth is the fifth largest planet in the Solar System whiles Mars is the second smallest planet.
4. Mars is reddish in colour but Earth is not
5. About 70% of the earth is covered with water but Mars is just covered with bare dust and rocks.
Hope this is enough
What type of energy relates to the movement of objects or its position in gravity ?
•electrical
•thermal
•light
•nuclear
•sound
•chemical
•mechanical
Answer:
Thermal creo que esa es[tex]ayudaaaaa [/tex]A certain electromagnetic wave a wavelength of 415 nm. What is the frequency of the wave in hz?
Answer:
The frequency of the electromagnetic wave is 7.22891566 × 10¹⁴ Hz
Explanation:
The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, λ = 415 nm
The speed of an electromagnetic wave, c ≈ 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s
Given that an electromagnetic wave is a periodic wave, we have;
The speed of the electromagnetic wave, c = f×λ
Where;
f = The frequency of the electromagnetic wave
Therefore, we have;
f = c/λ
From which we have;
f = (3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)/(415 nm) = 7.22891566 × 10¹⁴ /s = 7.22891566 × 10¹⁴ Hz
The frequency of the electromagnetic wave, f = 7.22891566 × 10¹⁴ Hz
i need help with this
Answer:
infrared for longer and ultraviolet for shorter
Explanation:
let me now if right
Answer:
Infrared is longer and ultraviolet is shortest
Explanation:
just look it up
in which of the following aqueous solutions would you expect AgCl to have the HIGHEST solubility?a) Pure Waterb) 0.015 M NaClc) 0.020 M AgNO3d) 0.020 M KCle) 0.020 M BaCl2
Answer:
Pure Water
Explanation:
The common ion effect describes the effect on equilibrium that occurs when a common ion (an ion that is already contained in the solution) is added to a solution. The common ion effect generally decreases solubility of a solute(Khan Academy).
NaCl, AgNO3, KCl, BaCl2 solutions all have a common ion with AgCl. As a result of this, AgCl will be much less soluble in these solvents than it is in pure water.
Therefore, AgCl will have the highest solubility in pure water compared to all the solutions listed above.
A beaker of cold water is placed in a hot water bath at 90•C..
Descibe the final temperature after diffusion??
Answer:All matter consists of particles, which vibrate (wiggle about a fixed position), translate (move from one location to another) and even rotate (revolve about an imaginary axis). An object ... or a particle ... that is moving has kinetic energy. A warm cup of water on a countertop may appear to be as still as can be; yet the particles that are contained within it have kinetic energy. At the particle level, there are atoms and molecules that are vibrating, rotating and moving through the space of its container. Stick a thermometer in the cup of water and you will see the evidence that the water possesses kinetic energy. The water's temperature, as reflected by the thermometer's reading, is a measure of the average amount of kinetic energy possessed by the water molecules.
Explanation:
A beaker of cold water is placed in a hot water bath at 90°C. The final temperature after diffusion will be below 90°C.
What is temperature?The physical concept of temperature indicates in numerical form how hot or cold something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature. Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which historically defined distinct reference points or thermometric substances.
The most popular scales are the Kelvin scale (K), which is mostly used for scientific purposes, the Fahrenheit system (°F), as well as the Celsius scale, which has the unit symbol °C. A beaker of cold water is placed in a hot water bath at 90°C. The final temperature after diffusion will be below 90°C.
Therefore, the final temperature after diffusion will be below 90°C.
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help help plz what is the difference between normal and transition elements
Answer:
hope it helps you
mark me as brainliest!!
star_____ has the greatest absolute brightness
Answer:
Star A would have the greater absolute brightness. This is because absolute brightness finds out the actual brightness of a star at a standard distance from Earth. If Star A is twice as far from Earth as Star B but they still both appear to have the same amount of brightness.
Somebody help me asap please giving brainliest (answer to the both of them)
Answer:
1. Causes air to vibrate 2. A hydroelectric dam generating electricity on a river
EXPERIMENT 1: Identify the oxidation and reduction half-reactions that occur in
Cell 5: Mn(s) | Mn(NO3)2 (aq) || Zn(NO3)2(aq) | Zn(s)
Remember to use proper formatting and notation.
Answer:
Cathode: Mn → Mn²⁺ + 2e⁻ (Oxidation)
Anode: Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Zn (Reduction)
Mn | Mn²⁺ || Zn²⁺ | Zn
Explanation:
To identify the half reaction we need to see the oxidation states.
Mn(s) → Ground state → Oxidation state = 0
Mn(NO₃)₂ → Mn²⁺ → The oxidation state has increased.
This is the oxidation reaction. It has released two electrons:
Mn → Mn²⁺ + 2e⁻
Zn(NO₃)₂ → Zn²⁺
Zn → Ground state → The oxidation state was decreased.
This is the reduction reaction. It has gained two electrons:
Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Zn
Cathode: Mn → Mn²⁺ + 2e⁻
Anode: Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Zn
Mn | Mn²⁺ || Zn²⁺ | Zn
4. How many moles of gold (Au) are in a pure gold nugget having a mass of 25.0 grams.
0.127 mol Au
General Formulas and Concepts:Math
Order of Operations: BPEMDAS
BracketsParenthesisExponentsMultiplicationDivisionAdditionSubtractionLeft to RightChemistry
Atomic Structure
Reading a Periodic TableMolesStoichiometry
Using Dimensional AnalysisExplanation:Step 1: Define
[Given] 25.0 g Au
[Solve] moles Au
Step 2: Identify Conversions
[PT] Molar Mass of Au - 196.97 g/mol
Step 3: Convert
[DA] Set up: [tex]\displaystyle 25.0 \ g \ Au(\frac{1 \ mol \ Au}{196.97 \ g \ Au})[/tex][DA] Multiply/Divide [Cancel out units: [tex]\displaystyle 0.126923 \ mol \ Au[/tex]Step 4: Check
Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 3 sig figs.
0.126923 mol Au ≈ 0.127 mol Au
Answer:
[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf 0.127 \ mol \ Au}}[/tex]
Explanation:
To convert from mass to moles, the molar mass must be used. This can be found on the Periodic Table.
Gold (Au): 196.96657 g/molUse this number as a ratio.
[tex]\frac {196.96657 \ g\ Au }{1 \ mol \ Au}[/tex]
Multiply by the given number of grams.
[tex]25.0 \ g \ Au*\frac {196.96657 \ g\ Au }{1 \ mol \ Au}[/tex]
Flip the fraction so the grams of gold will cancel.
[tex]25.0 \ g \ Au*\frac {1 \ mol \ Au}{196.96657 \ g\ Au }[/tex]
[tex]25.0*\frac {1 \ mol \ Au}{196.96657 }[/tex]
[tex]\frac {25.0 \ mol \ Au}{196.96657 }[/tex]
[tex]0.1269250919 \ mol \ Au[/tex]
The original measurement has 3 significant figures, so the answer must have the same. For the number we calculated that is the thousandth place. The 9 in the ten thousandth place tells us to round the 6 to a 7.
[tex]0.127 \ mol \ Au[/tex]
25.0 grams of gold is about 0.127 moles of gold.
what is the oxidation state of nitrogen in a nh4f molecule
Answer:
+3
Explanation:
NH₄F
=> N + 4H + F = 0
=> N + 4(+1) + 1(-7) = 0
=> N = 7 - 4 = +3
How many moles are in 6.5e23 atoms of Ne?
1.1 mol Ne
General Formulas and Concepts:Math
Pre-Algebra
Order of Operations: BPEMDAS
Brackets Parenthesis Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction Left to RightChemistry
Atomic Structure
MolesAvogadro's Number - 6.022 × 10²³ atoms, molecules, formula units, etc.Stoichiometry
Using Dimensional AnalysisExplanation:Step 1: Define
[Given] 6.5 × 10²³ atoms Ne
[Solve] moles Ne
Step 2: Identify Conversion
Avogadro's Number
Step 3: Convert
[DA] Set up: [tex]\displaystyle 6.5 \cdot 10^{23} \ atoms \ Ne(\frac{1 \ mol \ Ne}{6.022 \cdot 10^{23} \ atoms \ Ne})[/tex][DA] Divide [Cancel out units]: [tex]\displaystyle 1.07938 \ mol \ Ne[/tex]Step 4: Check
Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 2 sig figs.
1.07938 mol Ne ≈ 1.1 mol Ne
How many Protons, Electrons and Neutrons does Calcium-36 have?
Answer:
Calcium is the 20th element, with 20 protons. Since a stable atom has a net charge of 0, we must have 20 electrons. The number of neutrons will be the same as the number of protons, or else we will have an isotope, in this case, it is also 20.
Explanation:
How many microliters are in 41.0 mL
Answer:
41000 is the answer
The amount of microliters in 41.0 mL is 41,000 microliters
How to find the volume in microlitersTo convert milliliters (mL) to microliters (µL), you need to multiply the value in milliliters by 1000 because there are 1000 microliters in 1 milliliter.
So, to convert 41.0 mL to microliters:
41.0 mL * 1000 = 41,000 µL
Therefore, there are 41,000 microliters in 41.0 mL.
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2NaN3 produces 2Na+3N2 How many moles of each product are produced when 6 moles of NaN3 react?
Answer:
[tex]6molNa\\\\9molN_2[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, given the chemical reaction:
[tex]2NaN_3\rightarrow 2Na+3N2[/tex]
It is possible to evidence the 2:2 mole ratio of the reactant to Na and the 2:3 mole ratio of the reactant to the N2; therefore, the following setups allows us to compute the moles of products:
[tex]6molNaN_3*\frac{2molNa}{2molNaN_3}=6molNa\\\\6molNaN_3*\frac{3molN_2}{2molNaN_3}=9molN_2[/tex]
Best regards!
What would happen if cell differentiation did not happen during the
development of the embryo?
Answer:
Without the process of cell differentiation, multicellular organisms would not be possible.