The three main components of electrolytic cells are cathode, anode and electrolyte. The negatively charged electrolytic cells are cathode and the positively charged electrolytic cells are anode.
An electrolytic cell can be defined as the electrochemical device which uses the electrical energy to perform a non-spontaneous redox reaction. They are mainly used for the electrolysis of certain compounds.
Here the anode cell is:
3H₂O (l) + I⁻ (aq) → IO⁻₃ (aq) + 6e⁻ + 6H⁺ (aq)
cathode cell is:
14H⁺ (aq) + Cr₂O₇²⁻ (aq) + 6e⁻ → 2Cr³⁺ (aq) + 7H₂O (l)
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The combustion of octane, C8H18, proceeds according to the reaction shown.
2C8H18(l)+25O2(g)⟶16CO2(g)+18H2O(l)
If 354 mol of octane combusts, what volume of carbon dioxide is produced at 15.0 ∘C
and 0.995 atm?
The concept ideal gas equation is used here to determine the volume of the carbondioxide. Combustion reactions are generally highly exothermic reactions. The volume of CO₂ is
A combustion is a chemical reaction in which a fuel undergoes oxidation as a result of the reaction with an oxidizing agent which causes the release of energy in the form of heat.
15.0 °C = 288 K
The ideal gas equation is:
PV = nRT
V = nRT / P
V = 354 × 0.0821 × 288 / 0.995 = 8412.3 L
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Given the balanced equation representing a reaction at 101.3 kPa and 298 K:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) --> 2NH3(g) + 91.8 kJ
Which statement is true about this reaction?
The statement that is true is that It is endothermic and DH equals +91.8 kJ.
What is the truth?We can see that in this case that the heat of the reaction which we cam also call the enthalpy of the reaction is positive. Let us know that when we have a positive enthalpy what we have is an endothermic reaction.
Endothermic reactions are typically observed as a decrease in temperature, as energy is absorbed from the surroundings to fuel the reaction. Examples of endothermic reactions include the melting of ice.
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Missing parts;
Given the balanced equation representing a reaction at 101.3 kPa and 298 K:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) => 2NH3(g) + 91.8 kJ
Which statement is true about this reaction?
(1) It is exothermic and DH equals -91.8 kJ.
(2) It is exothermic and DH equals +91.8 kJ.
(3) It is endothermic and DH equals -91.8 kJ.
(4) It is endothermic and DH equals +91.8 kJ.
What is Specific Heat Capacity?
DR0uQu
Answer:
Specific heat capacity is a measure of how much energy is needed to raise the temperature of a material and is defined as follows:
How would you describe the reactivity of this element?
Reactivity is the propensity of an element to gain or lose electrons. The most reactive metals are alkaline metals.
Reactivity in chemistry is an indication of how easily a substance reacts chemically. The chemical may react on itself or with other atomic particles or compounds, and in either case, energy will typically be released. The most reactive substances and elements have the potential to spontaneously or explosively ignite.
Periodic trends (patterns in the Periodic Table) can be used to anticipate an element's reactivities. Let's begin with cyclical tendencies. Reactivity is the propensity of an element to gain or lose electrons. The most reactive metals are alkaline metals (Group 1) because they have the highest propensity to lose electrons.
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How does understanding weather patterns help make predicting the weather more accurate?
If the weather seems to have a constant pattern that has barely been or has not been changed, you can assume that there will be a greater chance the weather pattern will remain constant, or at least similar to the pattern.
What is the answer to this?
3. What is the percentage composition of Ba(NO3)2?
(Find the mass percent of each element.)
Ba(NO₃)₂ has the following percentage composition: 52.6% Ba, 10.7% N, and 36.7% O.
How to calculate percentage composition?The molar mass of Ba(NO₃)₂ is:
Ba: 1 x 137.33 g/mol = 137.33 g/mol
N: 2 x 14.01 g/mol = 28.02 g/mol
O: 6 x 16.00 g/mol = 96.00 g/mol
Adding these up gives us a total molar mass of 261.35 g/mol.
The mass percent of each element is then:
Ba: (137.33 g/mol / 261.35 g/mol) x 100% = 52.6%
N: (28.02 g/mol / 261.35 g/mol) x 100% = 10.7%
O: (96.00 g/mol / 261.35 g/mol) x 100% = 36.7%
Therefore, the percentage composition of Ba(NO₃)₂ is: 52.6% Ba, 10.7% N, and 36.7% O.
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If a jar of saltwater sits in the sun, the liquid level steadily decreases, and finally, crystals appear. Explain what is happening.
When a jar containing saline solution is exposed to sunlight, its liquid content gradually diminishes and eventually forms crystals as a result of the evaporation process.
What is the saltwater about?The energy from the sun's heat accelerates the movement of molecules in saltwater, which leads to their subsequent release from the liquid surface as water vapor. As a result of this process, the moisture transforms into gas and ascends, scattering throughout the atmosphere.
The concentration of salt in the remaining liquid increases as water evaporates from saltwater, as salt is unable to evaporate like water. As time passes, the salt concentration within the water triples to a point where it becomes incapable of remaining dissolved and commences the process of crystal formation.
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Adding 1.64 g of naphthalene to 80.00 g of cyclohexane, C.H₁2() lowers the freezing point from
5.53°C to 1.37°C. If K, for cyclohexane is 19.9°C/m, calculate the molar mass of the naphthalene.
A cycloalkane with the chemical formula C6H12 is cyclohexane. Non-polar describes cyclohexane.
Thus, Colorless and combustible, cyclohexane has a characteristic detergent-like stench that is reminiscent of cleaning products.
The industrial manufacturing of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are building blocks for nylon, uses cyclohexane primarily.
cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol that serves as the starting point for the production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are both precursors to nylon. Annual production of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol totals several million kilos.
Thus, A cycloalkane with the chemical formula C6H12 is cyclohexane. Non-polar describes cyclohexane.
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What is the pH of 6.00 M H2CO3 if it has 7% dissociation? SHOW YOUR WORK!!!
From the calculation, the pH of the solution can be obtained as 0.39.
What is the pH of the solution?We first have to obtain the dissociation constant of the solution;
α = √Ka/C
Ka = Cα^2
Ka = 4.9 * 10^-3 * 6
Ka = 0.0294
Then we have that;
0.0294 = [x]^2/[6 - x]
0.0294 * [6 - x] = x^2
0.1764 - 0.0294 x = x^2
x^2 + 0.0294 x - 0.1764 =0
x = 0.41 M
Thus the pH of the solution is;
pH = -log[0.41]
= 0.39
pH is an important parameter in chemistry, biology, and many other fields, as it can affect the behavior and properties of substances and reactions.
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12. What is the chemical name for the compound
CH3CH₂CH₂CH3?
(1) butane
(3) decane
(2) butene
(4) decene
The chemical name for the compound CH3CH₂CH₂CH3 is butane.
What is alkane?Alkanes are any acyclic saturated hydrocarbon with a carbon to carbon single bond e.g. methane, ethane etc.
Alkanes have a general molecular formula of CnH2n+2. The number of carbon atoms determines the name of the alkane member.
According to this question, a chemical compound with the molecular formula; CH3CH₂CH₂CH3 is given. This compound posseses 4 carbon atoms and 10 hydrogen atoms, hence, is butane.
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Readiness Test: Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems
There are unique interactions and relationships which are involved in the transportation of energy. The energy which is produced and captured once is distributed throughout various living organisms. This transfer of energy is called the food web.
The decomposers of the food web are known as the organisms which tend to degrade the dead living organisms of an ecosystem. Some examples of decomposers are fungus, bacterium or invertebrates, etc.
The decomposers help in the energy flow of the ecosystem and help in replenishing the fertility of soil through secreting the digestive enzymes over dead plants and animals and provide nutrients to the soil.
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SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Four mg of NaCl was weighed and topped up to 50 mL.
a. Determine the concentration of NaCl in M
b. Determine the concentration of Na in ppm
c. What is the concentration of Cl in normality
d. What is the concentration of NaCl in %.
2. How much water must be added to a 2 M NH₂Cl solution to bring the concentration to 0.5 M
Determine the percent ammonium in the new solution
The percent ammonium in the new solution is 80ppm
What is the concentration of a substance like NaCl?The concentration of a compound like NaCl (sodium chloride) refers to the quantity of matter that is included in a specified amount or mass of solution.
This magnitude can be expressed through various units, comprising of molarity (moles of the material per liter of liquid), molality (moles of the part per kilogram of solvent), mass/volume percent (mass of the element per volume of fluid), and parts per million (ppm).
For instance, a fluid of NaCl with an intensity of 0.1 M (0.1 moles of NaCl per liter of solution) contains 58.44 grams of NaCl for every liter of water, whereas a concoction with an intensity of 1% (mass/volume percent) comprises 10 grams of NaCl per 100 ml of fluid.
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help What is the bestmethod for the preservation of water quality?
In an ecosystem, the best method for the preservation of water quality is that humans should cease all recreational and agricultural uses of water resources.
Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.
Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other. Components present include air, water, soil,etc.
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6. On a cold day a person takes in a breath of 450.0 mL of air
at 756 mmHg and -10.0°C. Assuming that amount and pressure
remain constant, what is the volume of the air when it warms to
body temperature (37.0°C) in the lungs?
The volume of the air when the breath is warm to body temperature (37.0°C) in the lungs is 530.4 mL
How do I determine the volume at 37 °C?First, we shall list out the given parameters from the question. This is given below:
Initial volume (V₁) = 450 mLPressure = 756 mmHg = ConstantInitial temperature (T₁) = -10 °C = -10 + 273 = 263 KNew temperature (T₂) = 37 °C = 37 + 273 = 310 KNew volume (V₂) =?The volume of the breath when it is warm to body temperature (37.0°C) can be obtained by using Charles' law equation as shown below:
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
450 / 263 = V₂ / 310
Cross multiply
263 × V₂ = 450 × 310
263 × V₂ = 139500
Divide both side by 263
V₂ = 139500 / 263
V₂ = 530.4 mL
Thus, the volume is 530.4 mL
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To measure the reaction heat more accurately at isobaric condition, what modification(s) would you suggest making on the coffee cup calorimeter? Please justify the suggested change(s).
Cutting or tearing a strip of cardboard sufficiently large to entirely enclose the Styrofoam cup's mouth. This is the modification for making on the coffee cup calorimeter.
A coffee cup calorimeter without a cover serves as the basic component of a coffee cup calorimeter. A thermometer with its bulb below the water's surface can be inserted through the cup's lid after the cup has been partly filled using an established quantity of water.
The quantity of heat that was either absorbed or generated throughout the reaction is determined using the alteration in water temperature. Cutting or tearing a strip of cardboard sufficiently large to entirely enclose the Styrofoam cup's mouth. This is the modification for making on the coffee cup calorimeter.
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Part D
Now predict the shape of a graph that shows velocity in the x direction (v) versus time
The shape of a graph that shows the velocity in the x direction (v) versus time when the object is accelerating in the x direction would be a curve with a non-zero slope.
What is the velocity of a body?The rate at which an object's displacement changes in relation to a frame of reference is its velocity. The direction of the movement of the body or the object is defined by its velocity.
According to the equation v = s/t, velocity (v) is a vector quantity that quantifies displacement (or change in position, s), over the change in time (t).
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Answer: I expect a horizontal line (slope 0). As time increases, the velocity in the x direction stays about the same.
Explanation: Edmentum sample answer
Balance equation Pb(C2H3O2)2 + CO2 + H2O= PbCO3 + HC2H3O2
The balanced equation is: Pb(C2H3O2)2 + CO2 + H2O → PbCO3 + 2 HC2H3O2
Balancing chemical equationsIn a balanced chemical equation, the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. Thus, the balanced equation of the reaction is:
Pb(C2H3O2)2 + CO2 + H2O → PbCO3 + 2 HC2H3O2
The coefficients used to balance the equation are:
1 Pb(C2H3O2)2 + 1 CO2 + 1 H2O → 1 PbCO3 + 2 HC2H3O2
After balancing the equation, we can see that one molecule of lead(II) acetate reacts with one molecule of carbon dioxide and one molecule of water to produce one molecule of lead(II) carbonate and two molecules of acetic acid.
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At which time does this reaction reach equilibrium?
T1
T2
T3
It does not reach equilibrium
Which is true when a reaction is in equilibrium?
The reaction has stopped entirely
Only products are present
The forwards and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate, and no change in concentration is observed
Only reactants are present
Equilibrium in a chemical reaction is the state of a system in which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further changes.
According to this question, the reactants (blue line) equates the products (red line) in the time, T2.
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Change the following word equations into formula equations AND balance them using the tally method.
*The answers have been provided under each equation, all you have to do is show your work using the tally method!*
a. copper(I) iodate + potassium carbonate → potassium iodate + copper(I)carbonate
2Cu(IO3) + K2(CO3) → 2K(IO3) + Cu2(CO3)
b. iron(III) carbonate + cesium → cesium carbonate + iron
Fe2(CO3)3 + 6Cs → 3Cs2(CO3) + 2Fe
c. sodium chlorate → sodium chloride + oxygen
2Na(ClO3) → 2NaCl + 3O2
The balanced chemical equations with suitable coefficients are 2 Cu(IO₃) + K₂(CO₃) → 2 KIO₃ + Cu₂CO₃, Fe₂(CO₃)₃ + 6 Cs → 3 Cs₂(CO₃) + 2 Fe,
2 NaClO₃ → 2 NaCl + 3 O₂.
Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.
A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .
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Q1-50.0-mL sample of 0.200 M sodium hydroxide is titrated with
0.200 M Hydrochloric acid acid. Calculate:
(a) the pH after adding 30.00 mL of HCl.
(b) the pH at the equivalence point
(c) the pH after you add a total of 60.0 mL of 0.200 M HCl
Round pH values to two decimal places.
Q2- A 40.0-mL sample of 0.100 M HNO2 is titrated with 0.200 M
KOH. Calculate:
(a) the volume required to reach the equivalence point
(b) the pH after adding 5.00 mL of KOH
(c) the pH at one-half the equivalence point
(d) the pH at the equivalence point for the titration between
HNO2 and KOH
The acidity or alkalinity of a solution depends upon its hydronium ion concentration and hydroxide ion concentration. The pH scale is introduced by the scientist Sorensen.
The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm to the base 10 of the hydronium ion concentration in moles per litre.
a. Concentration of NaOH = 0.200 M
Concentration of HCl = 0.200 M
Total volume = 50 + 30 = 80 mL = 0.08 L
The neutralization reaction between NaOH and HCl is:
OH⁻ + H⁺ ----------> H₂O
Then,
n(H⁺) = 0.03 × 0.200 = 0.006 moles
n(OH⁻) = 0.05 × 0.200 = 0.01 moles
Remaining moles of OH⁻ = 0.01 - 0.006 = 0.004
pOH = -log [OH⁻] = 2.39
pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 2.39 = 11.61
b. pH at the equivalence point is about pH 7.
c. Total volume = 0.11 L
n(H⁺) = 0.06 × 0.200 = 0.012 moles
n(OH⁻) = 0.05 × 0.200 = 0.01 moles
Remaining moles of H⁺ = 0.012 -0.01 = 0.002
Concentration of H⁺ is 0.002 M / 0.11 L = 0.01818 moles/L
pH = - log [ H⁺ ]
pH = - log [ 0.01818 ]
pH = 1.74
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Why does increasing the temperature increase the rate of a reaction?
When temperature increases, the particles have more energy
Increasing temperature prevents products from colliding
Particles moving with more energy will collide more often
Warm temperatures are more comfortable
Particles are more likely to collide with enough energy to form an activated complex
The correct answer is "Particles are more likely to collide with enough energy to form an activated complex," which is the last option, as when the temperature of a reaction increases, the average kinetic energy of the particles increases.
Chemical reactions require a certain amount of energy to occur. This energy is called activation energy. In order for reactant molecules to undergo a chemical reaction, they must overcome the activation energy barrier. This barrier is like a hill that reactants must climb over to reach the product state. One way to provide the energy required to overcome the activation energy barrier is to increase the temperature of the system. This is because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a system. As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles also increases. This means that they are moving faster and colliding with greater energy.
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Neon gas at 3 atm and 20°C is decompressed to 0.2 atm. What will be the new temperature be if volume remains constant?
The new temperature of the neon gas, with a volume held constant, is approximately -253.6°C.
What is the new temperature of the Neon gas?Gay-Lussac's law states that the pressure exerted by a given quantity of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas.
It is expressed as;
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
Given that:
Initial pressure P₁ = 3 atm Initial temperature T₁ = 20.0°C = 20°C + 273.15 = KFinal pressure P₂ = 0.2 atmInitial temperature T₂ = ?Plug the given values into the above formula and solve for the final temperature.
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
P₁T₂ = P₂T₁
[tex]T_2 = \frac{P_2T_1}{P_1}\\ \\ P_2 = \frac{ 0.2 * 293.15}{3}\\ \\P_2 = 19.543 K[/tex]
Now, convert from Kelvin to celsius
P₂ = 19.543K − 273.15
P₂ = -253.6°C
Therefore, the new temperature is -253.6°C.
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How many grams of COz are in a 5.3 L container if the pressure in the container is 101 kPa and the temperature is 280 K?
The mass in grams of CO₂ in the 5.3 L container at 101 kPa and 280 K is 10.1 grams of CO₂
What is the mass in grams of CO₂?The mass in grams of CO₂ can be calculated using the Ideal Gas Law equation:
PV = nRTwhere:
P is pressure = 101 kPa or 0.998 atm
V is volume = 5.3 L
n is the number of moles of gas = ?
R is the molar gas constant = 0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K)
T is the temperature = 280 K
solving for n;
n = PV/(RT)
n = (0.998 atm * 5.3) /(0.08206 * 280 K)
n = 0.229 moles of CO₂
Mass of CO₂ = number of moles * molar mass
molar mass of CO₂ = 44.01 g/mol
mass of CO₂ = 0.229 × 44.01
mass of CO₂ = 10.1 g
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What is the difference in energy levels of the sodium atom if emitted light has a wavelength of 589 nm?
What has a higher boiling point C2H4O or CH3OH
Answer:
Explanation:
i wish i can help
will the product of KOH + FeCl3 form precipitate
Answer:
The reaction between ferric chloride and potassium hydroxide leads to the formation of ferric hydroxide and potassium. It is a precipitation reaction in which ferric and hydroxide ion on reaction with each other results in the formation of ferric hydroxide as reddish-brown precipitate.
Help with number 17 please
The partial pressure of O₂ is 0.954 atm
The moles O₂ that formed is 0.000859 moles
The mass of NaNO₃ that reacted is 0.146 g.
What is Dalton's law of partial pressures?The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is given below:
2 NaNO₃ (s) → 2 NaNO2 (s) + O₂(g)Using Dalton's Law of partial pressures:
The partial pressure of O₂ = Total pressure - Partial pressure of water vapor
The partial pressure of O₂ = (0.98 atm) - (0.026 atm)
The partial pressure of O₂ is 0.954 atm
b. Using the ideal gas law to determine the moles of oxygen gas formed:
PV = nRT
Making subject of the formula:
n = PV/RT
n = (0.954 * 0.0230)/(0.0821 * 295.15)
n = 0.000859 moles
Moles of O₂ formed = 0.000859 moles
c. the mass of NaNO₃ that reacted is calculated as follows:
mass NaNO₃ = moles NaNO₃ x molar mass NaNO₃
molar mass NaNO = 84.99 g/mol
From the mole ratio of the reaction, moles of NaNO₃ = 0.000859 moles * 2
moles of NaNO₃ = 0.001718 moles
mass NaNO3 = 0.001718 * 84.99
mass NaNO3 = 0.146 g NaNO₃
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A compound contains 64 g of O and 4 g of H. What is the empirical formula for this compound?
The molecular formula of a compound is the whole number multiple of its empirical formula. The empirical formula is also called the simplest formula, the percent composition of a compound leads to the empirical formula.
The empirical formula of a compound can be defined as the formula which gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of various elements present in one molecule of the compound.
To calculate empirical formula:
1. Calculate the moles of each element of the compound using percentage or mass
2. Calculate the ratio of each mole
3. Write the empirical formula
n (H) = m / M = 4 / 1 = 4 mol
n (O) = 64 / 16 = 4
H = 4/4 = 1
O = 4/4 = 1
So empirical formula is OH.
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Question 4 of 10
How would one make a 2 M solution of a compound?
A. By dissolving 2 g of the compound in 1 L of water
B. By dissolving 2 moles of the compound in 1 L of water
OC. By dissolving 1 molar mass of the compound in 2 L of water
D. By dissolving 1 mole of the compound in 2 L of water
SUBMIT
2 M solution of a compound can be made by dissolving 2g of compounds in 1 liter of water. Either by diluting the appropriate volume of a more concentrated solution also known as a stock solution to the desired final volume or by dissolving a known mass of solute in a solvent, solutions of known concentration can be prepared.
For example, when we add one part by weight of powder to 19 parts by weight of the solvent is used to make a 5% solution. For 1% solution, the addition of 1gm of NaCl to 100L of water. which is the final volume of the solution.
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what is the answer to this question