The hypothalamus, a reflection of the dura mater, covers the superior surface of the gland. The infundibulum can flow via a central gap in this membrane.
The gland is important anatomically in numerous ways: Sphenoid sinus located anteriorly (the pituitary gland is accessed surgically via the sphenoid sinus, known as a trans-sphenoidal approach). The pons, basilar artery, dorsum sellae (the posterior wall of the sella turcica), and posterior intercavernous sinus. diaphragm sellae, a fold of the dura mater that protects the pituitary gland, and optic chiasm are located superiorly. Sphenoid sinus is located below. Cavernous sinus is located laterally.
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can you please order them in order?
But this is not very courteous. You can use an introduction statement in place of an imperative. Here are a few typical alternatives to rephrasing an order.
Is please a request or an order?The English language uses the word "please" to denote respect and civility while making a request. The phrase "if you please" or "if it pleases you" was originally shortened, but due to the relationship between the people who use it and the intonation utilised, the phrase has developed significant nuance.Please is typically included after requests that begin with could, can, or would, but it is also acceptable to add it at the beginning or middle.When they precede an infinitive, both will typically have the same meaning in practice—they will open the door for the verb's stated action. However, the phrase "in order to" can emphasise how essential the subsequent action is.To learn more about typical refer to:
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genetic engineering is possible because the genetic code of all organisms is based on the same _______________. however, all attempts to genetically engineer new organisms are not successful.
Genetic engineering is possible because the genetic code of all organisms is based on the same ancestor.
In order to achieve a desired characteristic, genetic engineering may include introducing a gene from one species to an organism from a different species. Genetic engineering has been used in science and business to produce cancer treatments, brewing yeasts, and genetically altered plants, and animals, among other things.
DNA is inserted into an organism's genome as part of GM technology. New DNA is introduced into plant cells to create a GM plant. The cells are typically cultured in tissue culture after which they transform into plants. The modified DNA will be passed along to the seeds that these plants generate.
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a key characteristic of aquatic dead zones is . group of answer choices low concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus a high concentration of ozone a low concentration of oxygen a lack of water
The low oxygen level in the water, known as hypoxia, is the condition for which the term "dead zone" has been most frequently used. A "dead zone" is a region where there is less dissolved oxygen in the water because most marine life there either perishes or, if it is mobile, like fish, leaves.
what is aquatic dead zones?A "dead zone" is a region where there is less dissolved oxygen in the water because most marine life there either perishes or, if it is mobile, like fish, leaves. Habitats that were once brimming with life end up being, in essence, biological deserts. Oceans and lakes all across the world have hypoxic, or low-oxygen, areas. Because most species need oxygen to survive, only a small number of organisms can flourish in hypoxic conditions. For this reason, these areas are referred to as "dead zones."
What creates oceanic dead zones and what are they?A dead zone is an oceanic (or lake) hypoxic area where there is not enough oxygen to sustain marine life. In shallow coastal and estuarine areas, this natural occurrence has already been expanding as a result of human activities.
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The triple helix structure of collagen protein is possible largely due to
a. glycine and its small side chain b. an exact palring of pyrimidlnes and purlnes c. the covalent disulfide bridges between cystelnes d. the absence of carboxyl groups
The triple helix structure of collagen protein is possible largely due toa. glycine and its small side chain.
due to the excessive abundance of glycine and proline contents, collagen fails to form a normal α-helix and β-sheet structure. three left-exceeded helical strands twist to form a right-surpassed triple helix. A collagen triple helix has 3.three residues in keeping with turn.
In collagen, glycine is needed at each 1/3 role, due to the fact the meeting of the triple helix places this accretion on the interior (axis) of the helix, wherein there's no space for a larger facet institution than glycine's unmarried hydrogen atom.
Collagen consists of three chains. The chains are wound collectively to form a triple helix. considering the fact that glycine is the smallest of all the amino acids, it permits the chain to form a good configuration, and and it could withstand
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l
Option a is Correct. A. glycine and its short side chain are significantly responsible for the collagen protein's triple helix shape.
Collagen is unable to form a typical -helix and -sheet structure because of the overabundance of glycine and proline. A right-surpassed triple helix is created by the twisting of three left-exceeded helical strands. A triple helix of collagen contains 3.three residues per turn.
Since the triple helix's intersection places each 1/3 function on the inner (axis) of the helix, where there is no room for a greater facet size than glycine's single hydrogen atom, glycine is required at each position in collagen.
The three chains that make up collagen. A triple helix is created when all the chains are twisted together. Given that glycine is the smallest amino acid, it allows the chain to establish a good shape and can tolerate a lot of stress.
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which method is used to infer the timing of branching events by using the fossil record or geologic events to calculate dna divergence rates?
The method is used to infer the timing of branching events by using the fossil record or geologic events to calculate dna divergence rates is the molecular clock
Evolution is a change in the body structure of living things that takes place slowly over a very long time. Evolution results in changes in shape for the better or more complex as a result of adaptation to the environment.
Molecular clock is a procedure in molecular evolution that uses comparisons of fossil developments to infer the history of geological drift of species. The molecular clock hypothesis states that DNA and protein sequences evolve at a relatively constant rate over time and among different organisms. It is used in the time span of evolution.
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DNA is made up of repeating units called monomers. The monomer of DNA is called a nucleotide. What are the three components of a nucleotide? A) ribose, phosphate, and a sugar B) phosphate, deoxyribose, and a sugar C) phosphate, ribose, and a nitrogen base D) phosphate, deoxyribose, and a nitrogen base
Answer:
I would say D. Phosphate, deoxyribose, and a nitrogen base
which is not a function of lipids?group of answer choicesenergy storageweigh you downstructurehormones
Answer:
An ______ forms myelin sheaths around the axons of several central nervous system neurons.
Explanation:
genes that are likely inherited together due to their physical proximity
Linked genes are likely inherited together due to their physical proximity.
Genes that are sufficiently near to one another on a chromosome have a tendency to "stay together," and the alleles of those genes that are together on a chromosome are more likely to be passed down as a pair. Genetic linkage is the term for this phenomenon.
The likelihood of two genes inheriting together increased as two genes' distance from one another on a chromosome increased. On the other hand, genes that were further apart on the same chromosome were more likely to be split apart during recombination.
A group of DNA polymorphisms that are often inherited together is referred to as a haplotype along a single chromosome.
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Genes that are sufficiently close together on a chromosome will tend to "stick together," and the versions (alleles) of those genes that are together on a chromosome will tend to be inherited as a pair more often than not.
This phenomenon is called genetic linkage.
The more apart two genes were on a chromosome, the more likely it was that they would inherit together. On the other hand, recombination was more likely to result in the separation of genes that were spaced apart on the same chromosome. A haplotype on one chromosome is a collection of DNA variations that are typically inherited together.
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Please help me in question 9 and 11
how long does it take to see results from weight lifting
Building muscle takes time. To notice a change, it may take three to four weeks.
After 12 weeks, you'll start to see some genuine improvements, but Haroldsdotti says it "all depends on your goals and what kind of strength training you are doing."
How frequently should I work out to get results?
At least three days a week should be spent lifting weights. According to the research, two days of training each week are the absolute minimum required to enhance muscle growth. Depending on your current level of fitness, you can adjust the way you set up your workouts and the number of days you spend on strength training.
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Which type of afferent neuron delivers information to the brain about movement at joints?A.ChemoreceptorsB.MechanoreceptorsC.Proprioceptors
C.Proprioceptors: Proprioceptors are afferent neurons that deliver information to the brain about movement at joints, as well as the position of the body in space. They are responsible for the sense of body awareness and are triggered by changes in muscle tension, joint position and movement.
Proprioceptors are afferent neurons that deliver information to the brain about movement at joints. These neurons detect changes in the body's position, sense of balance, and the force of muscular contractions. Proprioceptors are located in muscles, tendons, and joints, and they act as sensors of movement and position.
Proprioception is essential for the brain to be able to understand the body's position in space. Proprioceptors detect changes in position and send signals to the brain. This allows us to maintain balance, coordinate voluntary movements, and to know the location of our limbs and joints.
Proprioceptors are sensitive to the force of muscular contractions, so they can tell the brain when muscles are contracting, and when they are being stretched. This helps the brain to coordinate movement, and to maintain balance.
Proprioceptors are also sensitive to changes in the environment. They can detect when a surface is slippery, or when the ground has changed. This helps us to adjust our posture and gait to stay upright.
Proprioception is important for everyday activities such as walking, running, and balancing.
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Proprioceptors are the afferent neurons that deliver to the brain about the movement of joints. So the correct option is Option C.
It is a sensory receptor that receives stimuli from within the body so thereby in turn responds to the position and movement of the body. The proprioceptive sense is said to be composed of information that comes from sensory neurons located in the inner ear and in the receptors of stretch that are located in the muscles and the ligaments.
The proprioceptors which present in ligaments have been found in fruit flies, nematode worms, African clawed frogs, and zebrafish. But,the corresponding human proprioceptor has not been discovered yet. The examples of proprioceptors include the golgi tendon organ and muscle spindles.
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Which blood vessel delivers blood to the right atrium?
a. vena cava
b. pulmonary artery
c. pulmonary trunk
d. pulmonary vein
The a. vena cava delivers blood to the right atrium.
Your upper body's big vein feeds the right atrium of your heart with blood that is low in oxygen. The right side of your heart is where your inferior vena cava and superior vena cava are located. Your superior vena cava is formed by the union of your right and left innominate (or brachiocephalic) veins.
The right atrium, which receives all of the blood with low oxygen content, is where your superior vena cava enters. It is located adjacent to the right side of your sternum. The body's head end is drained by the anterior vena cava, also called the precava, whereas the tail or posterior end is drained by the posterior vena cava, also called the postcava.
The superior and inferior venae cavae in humans are the names of these veins, respectively.
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Which immune cells are activated first when suspicious cells are identified in the blood stream?
a. T cells
b. Kinins
c. Phagocytes
d. B cells
Option c is Correct. When suspicious cells are found in the blood stream, phagocyte immune cells are the first to become active.
The innate immune system's neutrophils are regarded as the initial defense. The blood is carried by neutrophils and macrophages, which remain in tissues and keep an eye out for any concerns. Both cells have the ability to "eat" bacteria and, in the event of a problem, to interact with other immune cells.
Due to IgM's ability to be expressed without isotype switching, it is always the first antibody to be produced in a humoral immune response. Neutrophils play a crucial role in the initial response to injury because they act as the body's initial line of defense against microbes within 10 minutes of the injury. These early IgM antibodies are created before somatic hypermutation of B cells, which is why they tend.
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Phagocytes are activated first when suspicious cells are identified in the bloodstream.
when the body senses foreign substances (called antigens), the immune machine works to recognize the antigens and remove them.
B lymphocytes are prompted to make antibodies (also referred to as immunoglobulins). these proteins lock onto specific antigens. After they may be made, antibodies normally stay in our our bodies in case we ought to combat the same germ again. this is why someone who receives unwell with a disorder, like chickenpox, usually won't get ill from it again.
although antibodies can recognize an antigen and lock onto it, they can't break it with out assist. that's the process of the T cells. They spoil antigens tagged by way of antibodies or cells which might be inflamed or one way or the other changed. (a few T cells are absolutely known as "killer cells.") T cells also help signal different cells (like phagocytes) to do their jobs.
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he pond waters in a location in florida had an unusual taste and smell. investigations revealed that storm water runoffs had carried huge amounts of animal wastes into the pond waters. what are people in the location most likely to do to prevent the water pollution?
As you can find in the inquiry over, the surprising taste and smell of the waters of the tidal pond in an area in Florida, was the consequence of creature squandering brought to the tidal pond by spillover.
Surface spillover is the name given to the progression of water that can run on the outer layer of soil that is as of now splashed, in light of the fact that the water has not penetrated that dirt, causing an overflow.
Vegetation planting is ideal to keep spillover from happening. The presence of trees and bushes gives obstruction the progression of water and even permits the dirt to penetrate water all the more productively, forestalling waterlogging. In light of this, we can say that establishing trees and bushes would keep creature squander from coming into contact with the lake water, as well as forestalling soil disintegration.
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As you can see from the last investigation, spillage transported animal waste to a tidal pond in Florida, which is why the water there had an unusual flavor and smell.
Surface spillover is the term used to describe the progression of water that can flow on the top layer of already splattered soil because the water has not yet soaked through that dirt, leading to an overflow.
Planting vegetation is the best way to prevent spillage. The presence of trees and bushes prevents waterlogging by blocking the flow of water and even allowing dirt to more effectively permeate the water waterlogging. In light of this, we may conclude that planting trees and bushes would prevent soil erosion as well as the contact of animal waste with lake water.
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Unlike most of the other muscles in our bodies, the masseter muscle in the jaw, as illustrated in the figure, is attached relatively far from the joint, enabling very large forces to be exerted by the back teeth. This is shown in the figure below, where a person is biting down on a bullet placed between the back teeth. (F_M = 225 N and r_R = 4.1 cm.) Using the information in the figure, calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the teeth on the bullet. Calculate magnitude of the force on the joint.
The torque represents the force on the joint, the magnitude of the force on the joint is 922.5 Ncm.
The magnitude of the force exerted by the teeth on the bullet is given as F_M = 225 N.
To calculate the magnitude of the force on the joint, we need to determine the torque produced by the force F_M at the radial distance r_R = 4.1 cm from the joint.
Torque = Force x Radius
= F_M x r_R
= 225 N x 4.1 cm
= 922.5 Ncm
Since the torque represents the force on the joint, the magnitude of the force on the joint is 922.5 Ncm.
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I SWEAR LAST ONEE
A phospholipid is composed of all the following, except.
O a charged phosphate group
O a glycerol head
a fatty acid tails
O a polysaccharide nucleus
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & phosphorous
*
Answer:
Polar
Nonpolar
Phospholipid Head
Phospholipid tail
Phospholipid
Phospholipid Bilayer
Answer:
You're right. It's the last one.
Explanation:
Phospholipids consist of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group that is modified by an alcohol. The phosphate group is the negatively-charged polar head, which is hydrophilic.
How does the body regulate the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood?
O it instructs the liver to absorb or release carbon dioxide by sending signals through the nervous system
O it controls the rate of breathing by sending signals through the nervous system
O it instructs the liver to absorb or release carbon dioxide by sending hormones through the blood
O it controls the rate of breathing by sending hormones through the blood
The blood's pH value drops as more carbon dioxide up in it .it controls the rate of breathing by sending hormones through the bloodthe brain controls how much carbon dioxide is exhaled (ventilation).
The correct answer is D
What does ventilation provide as a means of?The mechanical arrangement in a structure that introduces "fresh" external air and exhausts "contaminated" internal air is known as ventilation. Ventilation is utilized in the workplace to limit exposure with airborne contaminants.
Why is a patient ventilated?When you are unable to breathe on your own, ventilator is a sort of therapy that assists you or takes over for you. During operation or if your lung aren't functioning properly, you can be on a ventilator. oxygen is delivered, mechanical ventilation maintains your airways open, and
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at what wind speed does a tropical storm turn into a hurricane?
A tropical storm turns into a hurricane when its maximum sustained wind speed reaches 74 miles per hour (119 km/h) or higher.
A tropical storm is a low-pressure weather system that develops over warm tropical waters and has maximum sustained winds of 39-73 miles per hour (63-118 km/h). These winds are caused by the rising warm air and the low-pressure center of the storm.
When the winds reach 74 miles per hour (119 km/h) or higher, the storm is then classified as a hurricane. The term "hurricane" is used in the Atlantic and northeastern Pacific, while the term "typhoon" is used in the western Pacific.
It's important to note that the wind speed is not the only criteria used to classify a tropical storm as a hurricane. The National Hurricane Center also takes into account other factors such as the storm's location, the minimum central pressure, and the organization of the storm's clouds.
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A tropical storm gets converted into a hurricane at a wind speed of 74 mph or more.
Tropical cyclones have a maximum speed of around 35 mph however hurricanes are defined as tropical cyclones exceeding the wind speed of 74 mph.
Hurricanes contain maximum surface sustained winds of speed 74 mph or above than this defined range.
When wind blows and it keeps on getting faster with every passing hour and finally at a point crosses the sustained limit of 74 mph or 119 kph that range of wind storm is defined generally as hurricanes.
Hence the classification is done not on the basis of storm size but on the basis of wind speed.
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scientists were looking at 2 genes in dogs that control coat color. they bred two dogs together, one with golden fur and one with black fur, their puppies showed a ratio of 12, 3, 1 for combinations of those genes, what phenomena is on display here?
The phenomena showed a ratio of 12, 3, 1 for combinations of two dogs (golden fur and black fur) as dominant epistasis.
The interаction between two dogs together, one with golden fur and one with black fur, color is recessive to no color аt one аllelic pаir. This recessive аllele must be expressed before the specific color аllele аt а second locus is expressed. Аt the first gene golden colored dog is dominаnt to the black colored dog, аnd the gene symbols аre G = golden аnd g = colored. Аt the second gene balck is dominаnt to golden, аnd the symbols used аre B = black, b = colored. If the dihybrid is selfed, three phenotypes аre produced in а 12:3:1 rаtio.
9 G_B_ Golden Dominant golden allele negates effect of G allele
3 G_bb Black Dominant black allele negates effect of G allele
3 ggB_ Golden Recessive color allele allows golden allele expression
1 ggbb Black Recessive color allele allows black allele expression
Becаuse the presence of the dominаnt G аllele mаsks the effects of either the B or g аllele, this type of interаction is cаlled dominаnt epistаsis.
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Which option identifies how the farmer can best deal with the following scenario?
A farmer is presented with new neighbors from a recent development making accusations that the farm
presents an agricultural nuisance through its use of recommended high-yield farming techniques promoted by
the state agricultural experiment station and supported by the State Department of Agriculture.
O He can shift from the recommended techniques to a good stewardship philosophy to improve standards of farming.
He can point out the encroachment of residential development and argue for funds from the state to purchase new land and
move the farm.
He can shift from the IPM system in use to a pesticide-centered approach in an attempt to kill all pests associated with the
farm.
He can point out the use of GAAMP methods promoted by the state and argue that the farm's practices are covered by
Right to Farm.
In this case, the farmer's ideal course of action is: To raise farming standards, he can switch from the advised methods to a good stewardship philosophy.
What exactly is the stewardship ethos?
The ethical idea and practice of managing and caring for natural resources, such as land, water, and wildlife, is known as stewardship philosophy. In order to preserve or enhance the health and productivity of resources for future generations, a good stewardship philosophy emphasizes the significance of using them in a sustainable and responsible manner.
With this choice, the farmer can allay the worries of the new neighbors by displaying a dedication to ethical and sustainable farming methods.
If a farmer adopts a good stewardship philosophy, they can demonstrate that they are making efforts to reduce any
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consider a cell that expresses an ion channel selective for cesium, but no other channels. the channel is open about half the time. you measure the membrane potential of the cell at room temperature and it is 58mv. what can you conclude about the concentration of cesium inside and outside of the cell?
About the concentration of cesium inside and outside of the cell we can conclude that the inside concentration is higher than the outside concentration.
The action potential is a brief phenomenon which depicts the fast opening and closure of voltage-dependent Na+-selective and K+-selective channels, which are necessary for the responsiveness of biomembranes. A core pore is surrounded by these and is protected by a selectivity filter made up of P-loops from every of the subunits.
Caesium is a delicate, golden-colored metal which reacts violently in water and is immediately attacked by air. Caesium compounds are most frequently used as drilling fluids. In addition, they are utilised in the production of special optical glass, radiation monitoring apparatus, and as a catalytic promoter.
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Which best describes the outcome of DNA replication?
A. The new DNA molecule is identical to the original DNA.
B. The new DNA molecule is synthesized from amino acids.
C. The new DNA molecule has a different number of codons.
D. The new DNA molecule is single-stranded.
Answer: A- The new DNA molecule is identical to the original DNA.
Hope this helps :)
Explanation:
This is found in the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells. What is the main function of this organelle
Mitochondrion, membrane-bound organelle present in the cytoplasm of practically all eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei), whose principal job is to create vast amounts of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
What is the purpose of the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells?The cytoplasm is in charge of retaining the cell's components and protecting them from harm. It stores the chemicals essential for cellular functions and is also responsible for the cell's structure.
It is the medium for chemical reactions. It serves as a platform for other organelles to work within the cell. All of the functions for cell development and growth.
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carried by ticks and transmitted through bite of an infected tick
What type of parasite is often carried by ticks?
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.The brain and spinal cord are the two components of the central nervous system.
The peripheral nervous system is composed of nerves that emerge from the spinal cord and cover the entire body. The majority of your senses are fed information by PNS into your brain. You can move your muscles thanks to the signals it transmits. The brain uses signals from your PNS to command essential, automatic functions like breathing and pulse. An upper motor neuron transmits motor information from a region of the brain down the spinal cord. From the brain to the brainstem, upper motor neurons can also travel.
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work to answer the following questions about the abo blood group system and blood type compatibility. can a person with blood type a successfully receive a transfusion from a person who has type o? why or why not?
A person with blood type A can successfully receive a transfusion from a person who has type O because a person having blood group O acts as universal blood donor .
What Is A universal blood donor ?The blood group type needed for urgent transfusions, The blood type that has the least chance of giving most recipients major side effects is O-negative blood. The universal blood donor type is a term that has been used to describe it in some instances. Antigens, which are proteins found on red blood cells, provide the basis for blood group kinds. Red blood cells are covered in both significant and minor antigens.
The (rhesus) Rh factor is used to categorize blood as well. Rh positivity results from having the Rh factor in your blood. You are Rh negative if your blood lacks the Rh factor. A perfect match in terms of type and Rh factor is required for blood transfusions. Even so, tiny amounts of the donor's and recipient's blood are combined for inspection.
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Which combination of elements would most likely form a compound in which atoms share electrons?
Answer: Hydrogen , water , carbon-di-oxide,methane , oxygen , nitrogen dioxide etc.
Explanation: The bond between compound in which atoms share electrons is called covalent bond. They do so in order to attain the nearest noble gas configuration . These compounds are thus called covalent compounds .
What is diagnostics?
Answer:
I think it means like a test to figure out different stuff.
Explanation:
Answer:In my own word I think means like type of special test I hope this helps
Explanation:
Diagnostics-of, relating to, or used in diagnosis. a diagnostic tool. : using the methods of or yielding a diagnosis. diagnostic tests. : serving to distinguish or identify.diagnosis, the process of determining the nature of a disease or disorder and distinguishing it from other possible conditions. The term comes from the Greek gnosis, meaning knowledge. magnetic resonance imaging.
which term names the total collection of dna in an organism? responses protein sequence protein sequence genetic modification genetic modification genome genome genotype
The entire nuclear DNA collection of an organism is referred to as its genome.
Humans and other sophisticated organisms also have a small quantity of DNA in cell structures called mitochondria, in addition to the DNA found in the nucleus.
The total collection of DNA instructions present in a cell makes up the genome. The human genome is made up of 23 pairs of chromosomes that are found in the cell's nucleus and one tiny chromosome that is found in the mitochondria. Everything a person needs to grow and operate is encoded in their genome.
All of an organism's genetic material is contained in its genome. Genes and other components that regulate the activity of those genes are contained in its DNA (or RNA in the case of some viruses).
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identify which stage of cell signaling is directly altered by the cholera toxin: reception, transduction, or response? explain your answer. (3) b. will the other two stages still be normal in the cells exposed to the cholera toxin, or are they abnormal as well? explain. (3) c. explain why the movement of salts out of the intestinal cells and into the middle of the intestinal tract causes the movement of water to follow. (2)
ERK1/2 and p38 of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family are activated by the cholerae infection of intestinal epithelial cells.
A protein kinase that is particular to the amino acids serine and threonine is known as a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase; also known as a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase). MAPKs are important in controlling how cells react to a wide range of stimuli, including mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock, and proinflammatory cytokines. They control a variety of cellular processes, including cell division, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, and apoptosis. The only eukaryotes that have MAP kinases are a variety of unicellular eukaryotes as well as all mammals, fungi, and plants. The CMGC (CDK/MAPK/GSK3/CLK) kinase family includes MAPKs. Cyclin-dependent kinases are the MAPKs' closest relatives (CDKs)
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ERK1/2 and p38 of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family are activated by the cholera infection of intestinal epithelial cells.
A protein kinase that is particular to the amino acids serine and threonine is known as a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase; also known as a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase). MAPKs are important in controlling how cells react to a wide range of stimuli, including mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock, and proinflammatory cytokines. They control a variety of cellular processes, including cell division, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, and apoptosis. The only eukaryotes that have MAP kinases are a variety of unicellular eukaryotes as well as all mammals, fungi, and plants. The CMGC (CDK/MAPK/GSK3/CLK) kinase family includes MAPKs. Cyclin-dependent kinases are the MAPKs' closest relatives (CDKs)
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31. when the homologous pairs separate during anaphase i do the homologous chromosomes still contain the same type of genes? explain your answer fully.
This separation means that each of the daughter cells that results from meiosis I will have half the number of chromosomes of the original parent cell after interphase.
Also, the sister chromatids in each chromosome still remain connected. Chromosomes have been known to travel to the cell's opposing poles during anaphase 1.
This happens from the microtubule network imploding, which decreases the microtubule strands and allows the chromosomes to consolidate at the magnetic sides.
Anaphase A is the first component of anaphase 1, that occurs when the microtubule - connected filaments constrict and shorten. As a result, kinetochores travel in any of 2 ways: up or down.
The chromosomes move in the opposite direction from the kinetochores despite face the pole through this whole process. The third stage of meiosis in one is anaphase 1, whereas the third phase in another is anaphase 2.
With the assistance of centrosomes linked to the nucleus by cytoskeleton, a single pair of paired pairs, which forms a bivalent, is pushed toward the opposite poles of the cell throughout anaphase 1.
The centromere does not split in anaphase 1. It remains unchanged as a whole instead. This is so that the complete chromosome would travel to the polar poles, when in anaphase 2, both homologous chromosomes' centromeres split.
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