Medicine High School

Describe anaphylaxis.

What is an autoimmune disease?

List three possible causes of acquired immunodeficiency.

Name two ways HIV can be transmitted.

Assume that you touch poison sumac and still have not developed a rash 12 hours later. Can you safely assume you are not allergic to the plant? Why or why not?
Rheumatic fever is caused by a virus that has antigens similar to molecules in human heart tissues. When the immune system attacks the virus, it also attacks the heart. What type of immune system disease is rheumatic fever? Explain your answer.

Draw a timeline to show the progression of an untreated HIV infection. Show how the numbers of HIV copies and helper T cells change through time.

Why are opportunistic infections a sign of immunodeficiency?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Anaphylaxis is a severe and sometimes fatal allergic response that develops quickly after being exposed to an allergen. It is a systemic reaction that affects many organs and systems throughout the body. Anaphylaxis symptoms include trouble breathing, swelling of the cheeks, lips, and tongue, a quick or weak pulse, hives or rash, nausea or vomiting, dizziness or fainting, and worry or disorientation.

An autoimmune disease is a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own healthy cells, tissues, and organs as if they were foreign invaders.

Three possible causes of acquired immunodeficiency are:

Infection with HIV

Chemotherapy or radiation treatment for cancer

Prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant

Two ways HIV can be transmitted are:

Through unprotected sexual contact with an infected person

Sharing needles or syringes contaminated with the virus

No, even if a person does not get a rash 12 hours later, they cannot safely believe they are not allergic to poison sumac. Allergic responses can happen at any moment, even days after being exposed.

An example of an autoimmune illness is rheumatic fever. Because the virus contains antigens that are identical to those found in human cardiac tissues, the immune system assaults both the virus and the heart.

Timeline for untreated HIV infection:

Initial infection with HIV

Acute HIV infection (flu-like symptoms, high levels of virus in blood)

Clinical latency (no symptoms, but virus replicating in lymph nodes)

Advanced HIV infection (AIDS-related symptoms, significant decrease in helper T cells, high levels of virus in blood)

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