When an equilibrium system is put under stress, Le Chatelier's principle may constitute used to forecast changes in equilibrium concentrations.
A rule that states that if a system is in equilibrium and a constraint is given to it (such as a change within pressure, temperature, or reactant concentration), the equilibrium will shift and tend to compensate for the effect caused by the constraint. This is Le Chatelier's principle.
When an equilibrium system is put under stress, Le Chatelier's principle may constitute used to forecast changes in equilibrium concentrations. However, the adjustments required to reach equilibrium might not be as evident if we have a combination of reactants and byproducts that are still not at equilibrium.
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can you please answer these
The balanced reactions are;
NH3 (aq) + HBr (aq) → NH4Br (aq)
PO4^3-(aq) + H3O^+(aq) ----> HPO4^2- (aq)+ H2O(l)
HS^-(aq) + OH^-(aq) ----> H2O(l) + S^2-(aq)
What is a conjugate acid/base?A conjugate acid/base pair consists of two species that are distinct from one another by one proton. The base is the species that can accept a proton, and the acid is the species that can donate a proton. When a base takes a proton, it changes into an acid, and when an acid gives a proton, it changes into a base.
In reaction (1) above, the conjugate acid of NH3 is NH4^+ while the conjugate base of HBr is Br^-.
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The formation of magnesium bromide from Mg and Br2 is represented in the particle diagram. Which of the following statements about the reaction is correct?
Based on the particle diagram provided and the given statements, the correct statement about the reaction is; Mg is oxidized because it loses two electrons as it forms Mg²⁺. Option A is correct.
In the particle diagram, Magnesium (represented as Mg) loses two electrons, indicated by the arrows pointing away from the Mg particle. This means that Mg undergoes oxidation, as it loses electrons and its oxidation state increases from 0 to +2 when it forms Mg²⁺. Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state.
On the other hand, Br₂ (represented as Br Br) gains two electrons, indicated by the arrows pointing towards the Br Br particles. This means that Br₂ undergoes reduction, as it gains electrons and its oxidation state decreases from 0 to -1 when it forms Br⁻. Reduction is defined as the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state.
Hence, A. is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"'Mg Br Mg? Br Br Br The formation of magnesium bromide from Mg ad Brz is represented in the particle diagram. Which of the following statements about the reaction is correct? A) Mg is oxidized because it loses two electrons as it forms Mg²⁺? B) Mg is reduced because it gains two electrons as it forms Mg? C) Br is oxidized because it gains an electron as it forms Br Br is reduced because it loses proton as it forms Br J3DE'."--
Answer: Mg is oxidized because it loses two electrons as it forms Mg²⁺
Explanation:
WILL MARK BRAINLIEST
Potential in a different kind of cell.
A typical mammalian cell at 37
∘
C, with only potassium channels open, will have the following equilibrium:
K+ (intracellular) ⇌ K+ (extracellular),
with an intracellular concentration of 150 mM K+, and 4.0 mM K+ in the extracellular fluid.
What is the potential, in volts, across this cell membrane? Note: in this case, n = the charge on the ion, and Eo for a concentration cell = 0.00 V. Please explain how to solve
Answer:
the potential across this cell membrane is -0.082 volts, with the inside of the cell being negative relative to the outside.
Explanation:
The Nernst equation can be used to calculate the equilibrium potential (in volts) for a given ion across a membrane, given the concentration of the ion inside and outside the cell:
E = (RT/zF) ln([ion]out/[ion]in)
where E is the equilibrium potential, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol*K), T is the temperature in Kelvin (37+273=310 K), z is the charge on the ion (+1 for K+), F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol), [ion]out is the extracellular concentration of the ion (4.0 mM for K+), and [ion]in is the intracellular concentration of the ion (150 mM for K+).
Plugging in these values:
E = (8.314310/196485) ln(4.0/150)
E = -0.082 V
Therefore, the potential across this cell membrane is -0.082 volts, with the inside of the cell being negative relative to the outside.
What inference can be drawn from the graph? a graph of reactant and product concentration vs. time; a red curve shows the reactant decreasing and a blue curve shows the product concentration increasing over time; the two curves do not intersect; the chemical equation shows A + B reacting to produce C + D A. The reaction between A and B is reactant favored. B. The amount of product is greater than the amount of reactant. C. The reaction uses all its reactants to form products. D. The reaction reaches equilibrium at 1.5 seconds. E. The amount of reactants is highest at equilibrium.
The reaction between A and B is reactant favored. This inference can be drawn from the graph.
Chemical reactions occur all around us, including in our body's digestion of food and the creation of the sunlight's light. Understanding both chemical and physical alterations is crucial before starting any chemical reactions. The best illustration of a chemical and physical alteration is a burning candle. The reaction between A and B is reactant favored. This inference can be drawn from the graph.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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please answer this question if any one knows
Based on the information, the solubility product of AgCl is 6.91 × 10^-10.
How to explain the informationThe common ion effect concerns the decrease in solubility of a salt when it comes into contact with another compound containing an identical ion within its make-up. This phenomenon is caused by the dependetics that arise from this shared element, which results in a decreasing amount of ions required for dissolving said salt. An illustrative instance is seen when observing the effects of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on calcium sulfate (CsSO4).
Named reactions constitute a subclass of chemical interchanges widely used within organic chemistry. These yield profound utilization due to their notorious titles attributed to notable scientists or related to other respective exploits; they are thus named following mannerisms peculiar to the substance itself.
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40n and 53n what is the magnitude of the net force on the crate
The magnitude of the net force on the crate is 13 N.
Generally, in science, the word 'force' has a very precise meaning. Force is usually described as a push or a pull.
Generally the magnitude of the force is described as the number which is used to represent the strength of the force. Let's consider an example, suppose the force is equal to 10 N towards the east direction and 'towards east' indicates direction while '10' indicates the magnitude of the force. So we can say that basically, Magnitude is the 'value' or 'amount' of any physical quantity.
Here, assuming that the two forces are acting opposite,
Net force = 53 N - 40 N = 13 N
The given question is incomplete and the complete question is given in the image attached below.
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A reaction vessel contains an equilibrium mixture of SO2, O₂, and SO3. The reaction proceeds such that:
2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) <—>2SO3 (g)
The partial pressures at equilibrium are:
PS0₂ = 0.002318 atm
PO2 = 0.002930 atm
PS03 = 0.0166 atm
Calculate alp for the reaction
The Kp of the reaction is seen to be 1.75 * 10^4
What is the equilibrium constant?A high Kp value indicates that the equilibrium is in favor of the products, whereas a low Kp value suggests that the equilibrium is in favor of the reactants.
The relative concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium are shown by the equilibrium constant.
We know that;
Kp = pSO3^2/pO2 . pSO2^2
Kp =(0.0166)^2/ 0.002930 (0.002318)^2
Kp = 2.8 * 10^-4/1.6 * 10^-8
Kp = 1.75 * 10^4
The Kp of the reaction is gotten as 1.75 * 10^4.
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a) If the chemical formula for iron (III) chloride is FeCl 3 , what is the chemical formula for iron (III) nitrate?b) If the chemical formula for lead (II) oxide is PbO, what is the chemical formula for lead (II) sulfate?c) If the chemical formula for silver chloride is AgCl, what is the chemical formula for silver nitrate?
a) The chemical formula for iron (III) nitrate is Fe(NO₃)₃. b) The chemical formula for lead (II) sulfate is PbSO₄. c) The chemical formula for silver nitrate is AgNO₃.
In chemical nomenclature, the Roman numeral in the name of the compound indicates the oxidation state of the metal ion. To determine the chemical formula of a compound, it is important to balance the charge of the ions in the compound. In the case of iron (III) nitrate, the iron ion has a +3 charge and the nitrate ion has a -1 charge, so it takes three nitrate ions to balance the charge of the iron ion.
In the case of lead (II) sulfate, the lead ion has a +2 charge and the sulfate ion has a -2 charge, so it takes one lead ion and one sulfate ion to balance the charges. Similarly, in the case of silver nitrate, the silver ion has a +1 charge and the nitrate ion has a -1 charge, so it takes one of each to balance the charges.
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3.20 g is the measurement of which of the following.
3.20 g is the measurement of mass.
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, and is typically expressed in grams (g), kilograms (kg) or pounds (lb). Mass is an intrinsic property of an object, meaning it is independent of its environment.
Mass is measured using a balance or scale, which compares the mass of an object to a known standard. In the case of 3.20 g, this would be the mass of an object compared to the mass of a reference object, such as a kilogram.
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A test tube with a cell length of 2.0 cm is filled with a solution that has a molar absorptivity of 0.47 L/(mol*cm)* and a concentration 0.215 M. What should this solutions absorbance be?
/*hint, this L/(mol*cm) is just the unit of molar absorptivity. It will not be included in the calculation
The molar absorptivity of the solution is 1.093 L/(mol*cm).
What is the absorbance of a solution?The Beer-Lambert rule, which states that absorbance is equal to molar absorptivity (a constant that indicates how strongly a material absorbs light) times the substance's concentration times the length of the light's passage through the solution, describes this relationship.
We know that we can use the formula;
A = εcl
A = Absorbance
ε = absorptivity
c = concentration
l = path length
ε= A/cl
ε= 0.47/0.215 * 2
ε = 1.093 L/(mol*cm)
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1. Calculate the % H₂O for each of the following hydrated metal salts?
1. Molecular formula: CaSO4 * 2 H₂O, % water: ???
2. Molecular formula: CoCl2 * 6 H₂O, % water: ???
3. Molecular formula: CuSO4* 5 H2O, % water: ???
4. Molecular formula: MgSO4 * 7 H₂O, % water: ???
2. Based on your Experimental Calculations from the Data Sheet, what is the identity of
your unknown. (Choose from one of the four choices above).
3. What is the % error? (Use only one of your trials for your calculation.)
The percentage composition of the water of hydration for each compound is shown below.
Percentage of water of hydrationThe percentage of water of hydration, also known as percent water of crystallization, is a measure of the amount of water that is chemically bound to a salt or other compound as part of its crystal structure.
1) For CaSO4 * 2 H₂O
36/172 * 100/1
= 21%
For CoCl2 * 6 H₂O
108/238 * 100/1
= 45%
For CuSO4* 5 H2O
90/250 * 100/1
= 36%
For MgSO4 * 7 H₂O
126/246 * 100/1
= 51%
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Choose the best term or phrase to fill in the blanks in the sentences below. Not all answer choices will be used. Question 10 options: (2) The probability that these parents will have an offspring affected with sickle cell anemia is ______ percent. (3) The probability that their offspring would also be a carrier like them is ______ percent (1) The image shows the cross between two parents who are carriers for sickle cell anemia, a recessive genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells in humans. Both parents are considered to be ______________.
The image shows the cross between two parents who are carriers for sickle cell anemia, a recessive genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells in humans. Both parents are considered to be carrier.
The scientific study of inheritance and genes is covered in this page, along with details on the structure of DNA, chromosomes, gene variants, and the evolution of living beings and their genomes.
(1) The image shows the cross between two parents who are carriers for sickle cell anemia, a recessive genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells in humans. Both parents are considered to be carrier. (2) The probability that these parents will have an offspring affected with sickle cell anemia is 50 percent. (3) The probability that their offspring would also be a carrier like them is 50 percent.
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9.0 mol Al reacts with 6.0 mol O2 to
form Al2O3 according to the
reaction below:
4A1+302 → 2Al2O3
How many moles of Al2O3 form from
6.0 mol O2?
[?] mol Al₂O3
Round your answer to the tenths place.
mol ALO
HELP PLS TO MOVE ON !!
4.0 moles of Al₂O₃ will be form from 6.0 moles of O₂.
How to solve for the amout that would form oxygen(2 moles Al₂O₃) / (3 moles O₂)
= (x moles Al₂O₃) / (6.0 moles O₂)
To solve for x, we can cross-multiply:
(2 moles Al₂O₃) * (6.0 moles of O₂)
= (3 moles of O₂) * (x moles of Al₂O₃)
12.0 moles Al₂O₃ = 3x moles Al₂O₃
Now, divide both sides by 3:
x = 4.0 moles Al₂O₃
So, 4.0 moles of Al₂O₃ form from 6.0 moles of O₂.
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Another component of acid rain is nitric acid, which forms when NO2, also a pollutant, reacts with oxygen and water according to the simplified equation 4NO2(g)+O2(g)+2H2O(l) → 4HNO3(aq) The generation of the electricity used in a medium-sized home produces about 16 kg of NO2 per year. Part A Assuming that there is adequate O2 and H2O, what mass of HNO3, in kg, can form from this amount of NO2 pollutant? Express the mass to two significant figures and include the appropriate units
The mass of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] that can form from 16 kg of [tex]NO_2[/tex] pollutant is 22 kg
The balanced equation for reaction between [tex]NO_2[/tex], oxygen, and water to form nitric acid :
[tex]4NO_2[/tex](g) + O2(g) + [tex]2H_2O[/tex](l) → [tex]HNO_3[/tex](aq)
Molar mass of [tex]NO_2[/tex] is 46.01 g/mol, so :
16 kg / 46.01 g/mol = 347.77 mol of [tex]NO_2[/tex]
We see that for every 4 moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex], 4 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] are produced.
Therefore, number of moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] produced from 347.77 mol [tex]NO_2[/tex] is:
moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] =[tex]4/4 * 347.77\ mol = 347.77\ mol[/tex]
The mass of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] produced is:
mass of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] = 347.77 mol x 63.01 g/mol = 21.92 kg
Rounding to two significant figures and including the appropriate units, the mass of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] that can form from 16 kg of [tex]NO_2[/tex] pollutant is 22 kg.
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Determine what is wrong with (a), (b),(c),(d). Lewis structure and write the correct structure.
Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all lone pairs of electrons.
In (a) the octet rule is not satisfied
In (b) Si does not satisfy the octet rule
In (d) N does not satisfy the octet rule
What is the Lewis structure?Every valence electron is represented as a dot, while pairs of shared electrons between atoms in a covalent connection are represented by lines.
The Lewis structure helps to predict the geometry and properties of a molecule, as well as the nature of the chemical bonds between atoms.
The issues with each of the Lewis structures have been shown above.
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You have 400,000 atoms of a radioactive substance. After 3 half-lives have past, how many atoms remain? Remember that you cannot have a fraction of an atom, so round the answer to the nearest whole number.
Answer:
Explanation:
The number of atoms that remains after 3 half-lives given that it was originally 300000 atoms is 37500 atoms
Data obtained from the question
Original amount (N₀) = 300000 atoms
Number of half-lives (n) = 3
Amount remaining (N) =?
How to determine the amount remaining
The amount remaining after 3 half-lives can be obtained as illustrated below:
N = N₀ / 2ⁿ
N = 300000 / 2³
N = 300000 / 8
N = 37500 atoms
Why are some Hydro flow rolling pins HFO refrigerants classified as a a2l
Hydro flow rolling pins HFO refrigerants classified as a A2L because they contain a fluorine.
Some Hydro Fluoro Olefin (HFO) refrigerants are classified as A2L according to the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) classification system for refrigerants. The "A" in A2L stands for "lower toxicity," and the "2" indicates "lower flammability."
The classification of refrigerants is based on their potential toxicity and flammability. A2L refrigerants are considered to have lower toxicity and lower flammability compared to other types of refrigerants. They have specific thermodynamic properties that make them suitable for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
Fluorine makes HFO refrigerants less flammable than hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). which are highly flammable. A2L refrigerants have lower global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP), which makes them a more sustainable choice for certain applications.
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Hydro flow rolling pins HFO refrigerants are a type of refrigerant used in air conditioning systems. The 'a2L' is a safety classification from ASHRAE that indicates these refrigerants are mildly flammable but have lower flammability. Such classifications are used for safety considerations.
Explanation:The Hydro flow rolling pins HFO refrigerants are designed for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. An HFO refrigerant is a hydrofluorolefin refrigerant; they are a new class of refrigerants that have a very low planet-warming potential.
The designation a2L is actually a safety classification set by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) and it means that these refrigerants are mildly flammable but exhibit lower flammability. The '2' indicates that the refrigerant has low flammability and the 'L' means it has a lower burning velocity. These classifications inform technicians and engineers about the safety considerations they need to be aware of when handling and working with these substances.
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1. (16 points) Shown below are IR and MS data for a compound with a molecular formula of C3H₂O
a) Identify the functional groups
responsible for the labeled
absorptions in the IR spectrum.
i) 1601 cm¹
ii) 1691 cm¹
Relative Intensity
100-
80-
m/z
rel. Intensity
22.6
73.1
105 100.0
120
26.2
$1.0
77.0
50 60
TRATT
100 110 120
1601 cm
1691 cm³
iii) From the parent,
what mass is lost to form
the base peak at m/z =
105?
iv) What is the likely
structure of that
fragment that is lost
to form m/z 105?
70
m/z
v) From the parent, what mass is lost to form the m/z = 77 peak?
a) Based on the IR spectrum, the functional groups responsible for the labeled absorptions are:
i) 1601 cm⁻¹: This absorption indicates the presence of an unsaturated carbonyl group, such as a conjugated or isolated enone.
ii) 1691 cm⁻¹: This absorption indicates the presence of a saturated carbonyl group, such as a ketone or aldehyde.
iii) The base peak at m/z = 105 suggests the loss of a fragment with a mass of 28 (105 - 77). This mass corresponds to the loss of a carbon monoxide (CO) group.
iv) The likely structure of the fragment lost to form m/z 105 is a carbonyl group (C=O).
v) The peak at m/z = 77 suggests the loss of a fragment with a mass of 28 (105 - 77). This mass corresponds to the loss of a methyl group (CH₃). Therefore, the parent compound might contain a methyl group that is lost to form the peak at m/z = 77.
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what statement is true about the potential energy diagram for an exothermic reaction?
It is in the exothermic reaction, system loses heat to surroundings. Since heat is given out in exothermic reactions, enthalpy of products will be less than that of the reactants. Products have less potential energy than reactants for exothermic reactions.
The chemical reactions which proceed with the evolution of heat energy are called the exothermic reactions. The energy hump corresponds to the energy barrier existing between the reactants and products in an exothermic reaction.
From the energy diagram of an exothermic reaction, products have less potential energy than the reactants.
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You may have noticed that all the elements in the first column of the periodic table, the alkali metals, have a 1 charge when they combine with negative ions. Another group of positive ions are the alkaline earth metals located in the second column of the periodic table. What charge is typical for ions of the alkaline earth metals?
Answer:
The charge that is typical for ions of the alkaline earth metals is +2
Explanation:
Group 1 elements (alkali metals such as Li, Na, K...) all have one valence electron that they donate when forming ionic bonds. This will cause them to have a charge of +1.T he alkaline earth metals (Ca, Mg) have two valence electrons they donate which means their charge when forming ions is +2. The members of the aluminum family lose three electrons giving them a charge of +3.
Numbers placed in front of formulas in an aquation are called
The equilibrium constant, K, for the synthesis of ammonia
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) <—>2NH3(g)
is approximately 44005 at 127 °C.
What is the value of K, for the decomposition of ammonia at 127 °C, as described by the following equation?
NH3 (g)<—> 1/2N₂(g) + 3/2 H₂(g)
The value of K, for the decomposition of ammonia at 127 °C is 2.27x10⁻⁵
Understanding Equilibrium ConstantThe Equilibrium Constant is denoted by K and it is a quantitative measure of the extent to which a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium.
It is defined as the ratio of the concentrations (or partial pressures) of the products to the concentrations (or partial pressures) of the reactants, with each concentration or partial pressure raised to a power equal to its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation.
For a general chemical equation:
aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD
The equilibrium constant expression is written as:
K = [tex]\frac{[C]^c[D]^d}{[A]^a[B]^b}[/tex]
where [A], [B], [C], and [D] represent the molar concentrations (or partial pressures) of the reactants and products at equilibrium, and a, b, c, and d represent their stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced chemical equation.
Back to our main question, the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction (decomposition of ammonia) can be obtained from the equilibrium constant of the forward reaction (synthesis of ammonia) using the relationship:
Kreverse = 1 / Kforward
where Kforward is the equilibrium constant for the synthesis of ammonia.
Substituting the given value of Kforward:
Kreverse = 1 / 44005 = 0.0000227
In standard form, we have 2.27x10⁻⁵
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actetic acid only partially ionizes in water
Acetic acid only partially ionizes in water as it is a weak acid.
Weak Acids are the acids that do not completely dissociate into their constituent ions when dissolved in solutions.
When dissolved in water, an equilibrium is established between the concentration of the weak acid and its constituent ions.
Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is a weak acid with the chemical formula CH₃COOH. It is known to be the active component of vinegar.
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et D Q.No. 9 Convert 1-bromopropane to 2-bromopropane.[2]
1-bromopropane can be converted to 2-bromopropane through a substitution reaction with sodium iodide in acetone.
Conversion of 1-bromopropane to 2-bromopropaneOne possible method to convert 1-bromopropane to 2-bromopropane is through a substitution reaction with sodium iodide (NaI) in acetone. The following procedure can be followed.
Dissolve 1-bromopropane and sodium iodide in dry acetone in a round-bottom flask.Reflux the mixture for several hours with stirring and heating to about 50-60°C. This allows for the formation of an alkyl iodide intermediate.After cooling the reaction mixture, add water to it and extract the organic layer with a separating funnel.Dry the organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and filter it to remove any solid impurities.Concentrate the organic layer by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain 2-bromopropane as a product.More on 1-bromopropane can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/31149600
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HELP ME PLEASE!! I NEED HELP ANSWERING THESE!!
1) Indium and aluminum belong to the same group.
2) Barium belongs to groups 2 and 6
The periodic table is what?The compounds' names are;
Tetrachloro phosphorus chloride
Calcium bromide
Hexasulfur nitrogen
The following molecules balance the charges:
K3P, CaS, Al2O3
Chlorine and fluorine are elements of group 17
Magnesium and salt are the components that make up period 3.
The data are used to create the balanced equations;
Sn + 2H2O = SnO2 + H2
3O2 + 4Al = 2Al2O3
2Au + 3H2S = Au2S3 + 3H2
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To measure the reaction heat more accurately at isobaric condition, what modification (s) would you suggest making on the coffee cup calorimeter ?
To measure the reaction heat more accurately at isobaric condition, we can add a lid to the calorimeter to prevent heat loss due to evaporation.
Thus, to measure the reaction heat more accurately at isobaric condition, some certain modifications can be made to the coffee cup calorimeter which includes adding a lid to the calorimeter to prevent heat loss due to evaporation to keep the pressure inside the calorimeter constant.
Using a magnetic stir bar to ensure even mixing of the reactants to ensure the accurate temperature readings, use of thermometer with a smaller stem to reduce the amount of heat transferred from the solution to the thermometer, etc. are some other modifications that can be made on the coffee cup calorimeter to measure the reaction heat more accurately at isobaric condition.
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explain the shapes of simple molecules
Answer:
Simple molecules, also known as covalent molecules, are made up of two or more non-metal atoms that share electrons to form a covalent bond. The shape of a simple molecule is determined by the arrangement of its atoms in space, which is influenced by the number of electron pairs surrounding the central atom and the repulsion between them.
In general, there are two types of electron pairs: bonding pairs and non-bonding pairs (also known as lone pairs). Bonding pairs are shared between two atoms and create a strong bond that holds the molecule together. Non-bonding pairs are not shared and exert a repulsive force on the other electron pairs in the molecule.
The repulsion between electron pairs determines the shape of the molecule. For example, if a molecule has two electron pairs (a bonding pair and a non-bonding pair), they will arrange themselves as far apart as possible, which results in a linear shape. If a molecule has three electron pairs (two bonding pairs and one non-bonding pair), they will arrange themselves in a trigonal planar shape. If a molecule has four electron pairs (three bonding pairs and one non-bonding pair), they will arrange themselves in a tetrahedral shape.
Overall, the shape of a simple molecule is determined by the number of electron pairs and the repulsion between them.