Core samples from the ocean floor allow scientists to study layers of marine sediments laid down hundreds, thousands, even millions of years ago. Scientists have also studied the remains of algae, plants, and animals in the ocean floor or along coastlines. Ice cores pulled from deep within Arctic glaciers contain evidence of past temperatures and periods of cooling and warming. Even the distribution of ancient driftwood can provide clues about where there was open water and where there was ice.
Looking at these lines of evidence, scientists surmise that Arctic sea ice may have melted completely in summertime about 125,000 years ago, during a warm period between glaciations. As recently as 5,500 years ago, summertime Arctic sea ice may have been much less extensive than it is today. To estimate Arctic sea ice extent over the past millennium, scientists have used historical records. Where there have been people trading goods, chasing natural resources, or complaining about the weather, there have often been written accounts. Those records include ship logs, travel diaries, newspapers, government reports, even sheriffs' letters.Over time, written records have become more regular and detailed. Inhabitants of Iceland started noting sea ice conditions along the coast around 865 C.E. Government reports became routine in Iceland around 1600. Hudson's Bay Company began keeping regular logbooks of sailing conditions between Hudson Bay and England in 1751. Along the Northern Sea Route, Russian records of sea ice conditions survive from nearly every year since the late 1860s. Although these records do not match the comprehensive coverage of satellites, they have allowed modern scientists to reconstruct regional conditions, sometimes with impressive detail.
By the 1950s, shipping charts were regular and extensive enough to comprise a robust data set covering the Arctic Ocean. This data set is now available from the United Kingdom Met Office Hadley Centre. Hadley data show that Arctic sea ice has declined since at least the mid-1950s.Historical records and physical evidence pulled from the planet document multiple instances of natural variability in Arctic sea ice, on annual to multidecadal scales. The records also show that, by the early 20th century, Arctic sea ice was lower than it had been in the preceding centuries. The Hadley Centre data set shows a continued decline in sea ice. In other words, multiple lines of evidence show that Arctic sea ice was in decline well before the start of the continuous satellite record in 1979. Indeed, sea ice is less extensive now than it has been in several centuries.
The historical data also show how closely Arctic sea ice extent is linked to Earth's climate. When Arctic sea ice was lower, Earth's climate was much warmer than it is today, and sea level was higher than it is today. Leonid Polyak, a researcher at the Byrd Polar Research Center, said, "If that's where we are heading, we should be worried."
why climate change may cause ecological threats and loss of livelihoods
Positive and negative impact of global warming on people, settlements, infrastructure and farming
Which map displays how and where people produce various goods and services?
A)
Economic
B)
Vegetation
09
Physical
D)
Political
Help please
Name three other locations in the Pacific that experience environmental threats.
Answer:
The Solomon Islands, island of narato and nuatambu Island
Time Zones were established to help deal with the fact that day and night occurs at different times on Earth due to which function?
Answer:
Interestingly, many French maps showed zero degrees in Paris for many years despite the International Meridian Conference’s outcomes in 1884. GMT was the universal reference standard – all other times being stated as so many hours ahead or behind it – but the French continued to treat Paris as the prime meridian until 1911. Even so, the French defined their civil time as Paris Mean Time minus 9 minutes and 21 seconds. In other words, this was the same time as GMT.
In 1972, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) replaced GMT as the world's time standard. France did not formally use UTC as a reference to its standard time zone (UTC+1) until August in 1978.
Standard time, in terms of time zones, was not established in United States law until the Act of March 19, 1918. The act also established daylight saving time in the nation. Daylight saving time was repealed in 1919, but standard time in time zones remained in law, with the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) having the authority over time zone boundaries.
Many countries started using hourly time zones by the late 1920s. Many nations today use standard time zones, but some places use 30 or 45 minute deviations from standard time. Some countries such as China use a single time zone even though their territory extends beyond the 15 degrees of longitude.
Complete the following statement.
The biosphere consisting of land is referred to as _____ portion of the biosphere.
Answer:
Lithosphere is the correct answer
cause hydrosphere is water
and stratosphere and atmosphere are part of the air.
Whats the most common sport in South America
How much has the average global temperature increased since 1860?
Answer:
about 2° farenheit, if its multiple choice do the closest to that number
If the sin of an angle is the same as the cos of a second angle, then the two angles are
a) complementary
b) right
c) supplementary
d) congruent
Answer:
79ftyv7ftyy7ff67f77f6f
Explanation:
What responsibility does the United States bear for the current problems with Soviet Nuclear Waste Disposal?
Answer:
he Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA) supports the use of deep geologic repositories for the safe storage and/or disposal of radioactive waste. The Act establishes procedures to evaluate and select sites for geologic repositories and for the interaction of state and federal governments. It also provides a timetable of key milestones the federal agencies must meet in carrying out the program.
Explanation:
The NWPA assigns the Department of Energy (DOE) the responsibility to site, build, and operate a deep geologic repository for the disposal of high-level waste and spent nuclear fuel. It directs EPA to develop standards for protection of the general environment from offsite releases of radioactive material in repositories. The Act directs the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to license DOE to operate a repository only if it meets EPA's standards and all other relevant requirements.
Describe Mexico’s economic growth in recent years.
Answer
2.8%
Explanation:
in the period between 2010 and 2018, the Mexican economy grew an average 2.8%, however, due to the fall in oil prices in 2019 and the global economic crisis caused by corona in 2020, the economy has been affected in recent years it is foreseen that it will grow during 2021.
Answer:
Mexico's economic history has been characterized since the colonial era by resource extraction, agriculture, and a relatively underdeveloped industrial sector. Economic elites in the colonial period were predominantly Spanish born, active as transatlantic merchants and silver mine owners and diversifying their investments with the landed estates. The largest sector of the population was indigenous subsistence farmers, who lived mainly in the center and south.
New Spain was envisioned by the Spanish crown as a supplier of wealth to Iberia, which huge silver mines accomplished. A colonial economy to supply foodstuffs and products from ranching as well as a domestic textile industry meant that the economy supplied much of its own needs. Crown economic policy rattled Americanborn elites’ loyalty to Spain when in 1804, it instituted a policy to make mortgage holders pay immediately the principal on their loans, threatening the economic position of cashstrapped land owners.Independence in Mexico in 1821 was economically difficult for the country, with the loss of its supply of mercury from Spain in silver mines.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hope this helpedBrainliest appreciated⊕If this answer is wrong or displeases you, please tell me in the comments I would like to know.⊕
Thank you have a wonderful and blessed day!
(2) What percent of the worlds volcanoes happen in the Ring of Fire?
Someone, please help me!
Describe how oil-bearing rocks are found and exploited.
What is the measure of ∠?
Answer:
great than
Explanation:
it's a symbol used to show that it's bigger than something
mercury is the nearest planet to the sun.do you think mercury is the hottest planet in the solar system?why?
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
because the mercury is closer to the sun is first planet
Answer:
yes mercury is close to the sun but it is not the hottest planet
Explanation:
it is not the hottest planet because Mercury lacks atmosphere so it has no way
of trapping the heat that is generated by the sun
Which of the following is one difference between the Robinson and Mercator Projection Maps?
a.
The Robinson is more accurate for directions. The Mercator shows a distortion near the North and South Poles.
b.
The Robinson shows accurate shapes and sizes of the continents. The Mercator map shows parallels and meridians as straight lines.
c.
The Robinson shows parallels and meridians as straight lines. The Mercator shows accurate shapes and sizes of the continents.
d.
The Robinson is an oval-shaped projection. The Mercator was created by Arthur Robinson.
Why did the Israeli/Jewish people want to return to their homeland?
Answer:
Because they were suffering.
When igneous rock breaks apart(weathers), it forms ___________
A. Crystals
B. Sediments
C. Metamorphic rocks
D. Sedimentry rocks
A globe can only show the planet as a sphere. true or false
Answer:
false
Explanation:
Answer: False
Explanation:
does the arctic icecap have a high or low albedo
Answer : high albedo
Explanation:
Answer:
The arctic icecap has a sightly high and low albedo because of it's depend on the weather, so if it's low on isolation it'll most likely be the cause of high albedo, but I'm rlly sure it's mostly the cause of high albedo :3
Explanation:
:3
PLEASE HELP ME PLEASE ILL GIVE BRAINLIST FOR CORRECT ANSWERSSS
2. A partir de la fórmula para el cálculo de la cantidad de diagonales de cualquier polígono, calcula las diagonales de un pentágono, de un octágono y un decágono
Answer:
El pentágono tiene 5 diagonales.
El octágono tiene 20 diagonales.
El decágono tiene 35 diagonales.
Explanation:
El número de diagonales ([tex]d[/tex]) de un polígono de [tex]n[/tex] lados está descrito por la siguiente expresión:
[tex]d = \frac{n\cdot (n-3)}{2}[/tex] (1)
A continuación, calculamos el número de diagonales para cada polígono:
(i) Pentágono ([tex]n = 5[/tex])
[tex]d = 5[/tex]
(ii) Octágono ([tex]n = 8[/tex])
[tex]d = 20[/tex]
(iii) Decágono [tex](n = 10)[/tex]
[tex]d = 35[/tex]
Which statement best completes the diagram? The Arab Spring spreads in northern Africa and the Middle East ? A. Dictators lose power in both regions. B. Middle Eastern troops invade northern Africa. C. Northern Africa becomes a united country. D. Civil wars across the region quickly end.
Answer: its A
Explanation: I just did the quiz
Answer:
A. Dictators lose power in both regions.
Explanation:
Took the quiz
What is the capital of kuwait?
Explanation:
Kuwait City is the capital of Kuwait
Answer: kuwait city-_-
Explanation:
North Africa is culturally similar to?
a
Southwest Asia
b
North America
c
South America
d
Europe
It is not yet established if climate change leads to increase risk from pests, disease and invasive non native species
Answer:
It changes the distribution of organisms.
Explanation:
Climate change has a great effect on the present vegetation and animals due to increase risk from pests, disease and invasive species which are also present in that environment because the environment is favorable for the pest, diseases and invasive species whereas unfavorable for the vegetation and native organisms that are living in that environment for a long time. Due to this change in climate, the distribution of both vegetation as well as organisms changed in the environment.
why would you expect to find large numbers of muscle cell in mitochondrion
Answer:
Mitochondria are abundant in muscle cells, especially skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. This is due to the fact that they are very active cells that need a lot of ATP to function.
Explanation:
Sedimentary rock___.
is formed from cooling magma
is formed when heat and pressure change rocks
usually forms horizontal layers
cannot be changed into metamorphic rock
Answer:
Usually forms horizontal layers
Explanation:
Sedimentary rock doesn't form from magma
Sedimentary rock is not formed with heat and pressure
Sedimentary rock CAN be changed into metamorphic rock
Answer:
C
Explanation:
usually forms horizontal layers.
What does the word society refer to
Answer:
Explanation:
companionship or association with one's fellows : friendly or intimate intercourse : company. 2 : a voluntary association of individuals for common ends especially : an organized group working together or periodically meeting because of common interests, beliefs, or profession.
Define Periodic Services
Answer: Periodic maintenance refers to activities performed on equipment based on a set time interval. The purpose of periodic maintenance, or time based maintenance, is to maintain smooth operation of a machine or other asset.