Draw the curved arrow mechanism for the reaction between (2R,3R)-3,5-dimethylhexan-2-ol and PCl3.

Answer:

0.60 mol

Explanation:

There is some info missing. I think this is the original question.

Acetylene gas is often used in welding torches because of the very high heat produced when it reacts with oxygen gas, producing carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. Calculate the moles of oxygen needed to produce 1.5 mol of water.

Step 1: Given data

Moles of water required: 1.5 mol

Step 2: Write the balanced equation

C₂H₂(g) + 2.5 O₂(g) ⇒ 2 CO₂(g) + H₂O(g)

Step 3: Calculate the moles of oxygen needed to produce 1.5 mol of water

The molar ratio of O₂ to H₂O is 2.5:1. The moles of oxygen needed to produce 1.5 mol of water are (1/2.5) × 1.5 mol = 0.60 mol

Answer:

Then the hypothesis is proved and becomes a theory.

If not, then another hypothesis should be proposed and tested.

Answer:

11445.8years

Explanation:

Half-life of carbon-14 = 5720 years

First we have to calculate the rate constant, we use the formula :

Answer:

b, H2SO4 with HCl, as they are both liquid acids

Answer:

2.81mL

Explanation:

Based on the reaction:

C₆H₃COCl + 2NH₃ → C₆H₅CONH₂ + NH₄Cl

Benzoyl chloride + ammonia → Benzamide

1 mole of benzoyl chloride in excess of ammonia produce 1 mole of Benzamide.

Thus, assuming a theoretical yield, to produce 24.1mmoles of benzamide you require 24.1mmoles of benzoyl chloride.

As molar mass of benzoyl chloride is 141g/mol, mg you require are:

mg Benzoyl chloride: 24.1mmol × (141mg / 1mmol) = 3398.1mg = 3.3981g of benzoyl chloride.

to convert this mass to mL, you require density of Benzoyl chloride (1.21g/mL). Thus, mL you need are:

3.3981g × (1mL / 1.21g) =

Answer:

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KCl(aq) ------> 2KNO3(aq) + PbCl2(s)

3.52 g of PbCl2

3.76 g of KCl

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction is;

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KCl(aq) ------> 2KNO3(aq) + PbCl2(s)

Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 =mass/molar mass 5.06g/331.2 g/mol = 0.0153 moles

Number of moles of KCl= mass/ molar mass= 6.03g/74.5513 g/mol= 0.081 moles

Next we obtain the limiting reactant; the limiting reactant yields the least number of moles of products.

For Pb(NO3)2;

1 mole of Pb(NO3)2 yields 1 mole of PbCl2

Therefore 0.0153 moles of Pb(NO3)2 yields 0.0153 moles of PbCl2

For KCl;

2 moles of KCl yields 1 mole of PbCl2

0.081 moles of KCl yields 0.081 moles ×1/2 = 0.041 moles of PbCl2

Therefore Pb(NO3)2 is the limiting reactant.

Theoretical Mass of precipitate obtained = 0.0153 moles of PbCl2 × 278.1 g/mol = 4.25 g of PbCl2

% yield = actual yield/theoretical yield ×100

Actual yield = % yield × theoretical yield /100

Actual yield= 82.9 ×4.25/100

Actual yield = 3.52 g of PbCl2

If 1 mole of Pb(NO3) reacts with 2 moles of KCl

0.0153 moles of Pb(NO3)2 reacts with 0.0153 moles × 2 = 0.0306 moles of KCl

Amount of excess KCl= 0.081 moles - 0.0306 moles = 0.0504 moles of KCl

Mass of excess KCl = 0.0504 moles of KCl × 74.5513 g/mol = 3.76 g of KCl

Answer:

26.5 kD  

Explanation:

Here we can apply the formula ∏ = iMRT, where ∏ = osmotic pressure = 0.56 - ( given ). This is only one part of the information we are given / can conclude in this case ....

i = van’t Hoff factor = 1 for a protein molecule,

R = gas constant = 62.36 L torr / K-mol,

T ( temperature in Kelvin ) = 25 + 273 - conversion factor C° + 273 = 298K

( Known initially ) ∏ = osmotic pressure = 0.56 torr

..... besides the part " M " in the formula, which we have no information on whatsoever, as we have to determine it's value.

_____

Substitute derived / known values to solve for M ( moles / liter ) -

∏ = iMRT

⇒ 0.56 = ( 1 )( M )( 62.36 )( 298 )

⇒ 0.56 = M( 18583.28 )

⇒ M = 0.56 / 18583.28 ≈ 0.00003013461 ....

_____

We know that M = moles / liter, so we can use this to solve for moles, and hence calculate the molar mass by the formula molar mass = g / mol -

M = mol / l

⇒ 0.00003013461 = 0.020 / 25 mL ( 0.025 L ),

0.020 / 0.025 = 0.8 g / L

⇒ 0.8 g = 0.00003013461 moles,

molar mass = 0.8 g / 0.00003013461 moles = 26,548 g / mol = 26.5 kD  

Answer:

c = 250.58 J/kg/[tex]^{0}C[/tex]

Explanation:

The specific heat of a substance is the required quantity of heat to increase or decrease the temperature of its unit mas by 1 kelvin.

Q = mcΔθ

where: Q is the quantity of heat absorbed or released, m is the mass of the substance, c is its specific heat and Δθ is the change in temperature of the substance.

Given that; m = 1.0 kg, Q = 1303 J and Δθ = 5.2 [tex]^{0}C[/tex], then;

c = Q ÷ (mΔθ)

  = 1303 ÷ (1.0 × 5.2)

  = 1303 ÷ 5.2

  = 250.58 J/kg/[tex]^{0}C[/tex]

The specific heat of the object is 250.58 J/kg/[tex]^{0}C[/tex].

Answer:

0.25

Explanation:

Answer:

Based on the Modern Periodic table, there is an increase in the electropositivity of the atom down the group as well as increases across a period. On comparing the electropositivities of the mentioned oxides central atom, it is seen that Ca is most electropositive followed by Al, Si, C, P, and S is the least electropositive.  

With the decrease in the electropositivity, there is an increase in the acidity of the oxides. Thus, the increasing order of the oxides from the least acidic to the most acidic is:  

CaO > Al2O3 > SiO2 > CO2 > P2O5 > SO3. Hence, CaO is the least acidic and SO3 is the most acidic.  

Since acidity increases across a period from left to right, and decreases down a group, the oxides can be ranked from the least acidic to the most acidic as follows:

[tex]\mathbf{CaO < Al_2O_3 < SiO_2 < CO_2 < P_2O_5 <SO_3}[/tex]

Note the following:

Using the periodic table diagram given in the attachment below, we can rank the given oxides according to their increasing acidity.

Therefore, since acidity increases across a period from left to right, and decreases down a group, the oxides can be ranked from the least acidic to the most acidic as follows:

[tex]\mathbf{CaO < Al_2O_3 < SiO_2 < CO_2 < P_2O_5 <SO_3}[/tex]

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Answer:

Approximately [tex]10.88[/tex].

Explanation:

[tex]\rm OBr^{-}[/tex] can act as a weak Bronsted-Lowry base:

[tex]\rm OBr^{-}\; (aq) + H_2O\; (l) \rightleftharpoons HOBr\; (l) + OH^{-}\; (aq)[/tex].

(Side note: the state symbol of [tex]\rm HOBr[/tex] in this equation is [tex]\rm (l)[/tex] (meaning liquid) because [tex]\rm HOBr[/tex] is a weak acid.)

However, the equilibrium constant of this reaction, [tex]K_\text{eq}[/tex], isn't directly given. The idea is to find [tex]K_\text{eq}[/tex] using the [tex]\rm pH[/tex] value at the half-equivalence point. Keep in mind that this system is at equilibrium all the time during the titration. If temperature stays the same, then the same [tex]K_\text{eq}[/tex] value could also be used to find the [tex]\rm pH[/tex] of the solution before the acid was added.

At equilibrium:

[tex]\displaystyle K_\text{eq} = \frac{[\rm HOBr\; (l)]\cdot [\rm OH^{-}\; (aq)]}{[\rm OBr^{-}\; (aq)]}[/tex].

At the half-equivalence point of this titration, exactly half of the base, [tex]\rm OBr^{-}[/tex], has been converted to its conjugate acid, [tex]\rm HOBr[/tex]. Therefore, the half-equivalence concentration of [tex]\rm OBr^{-}[/tex] and [tex]\rm HOBr[/tex] should both be equal to one-half the initial concentration of [tex]\rm OBr^{-}[/tex].

As a result, the half-equivalence concentration of [tex]\rm OBr^{-}[/tex] and [tex]\rm HOBr[/tex] should be the same. The expression for [tex]K_\text{eq}[/tex] can thus be simplified:

[tex]\begin{aligned}& K_\text{eq} \\&= \frac{\left(\text{half-equivalence $[\rm HOBr\; (l)]$}\right)\cdot \left(\text{half-equivalence $[\rm OH^{-}\; (aq)]$}\right)}{\text{half-equivalence $[\rm OBr^{-}\; (l)]$}}\\ &=\text{half-equivalence $[\rm OH^{-}\; (aq)]$}\end{aligned}[/tex].

In other words, the [tex]K_\text{eq}[/tex] of this system is equal to the [tex]\rm OH^{-}[/tex] concentration at the half-equivalence point. Assume that [tex]\rm p\mathnormal{K}_\text{w}[/tex] the self-ionization constant of water, is [tex]14[/tex]. The concentration of [tex]\rm OH^{-}[/tex] can be found from the [tex]\rm pH[/tex] value:

[tex]\begin{aligned}& \text{half-equivalence $[\rm OH^{-}\; (aq)]$} \\ &= 10^{\rm pH - p\mathnormal{K}_\text{w}}\;\rm mol \cdot L^{-1} \\ &= 10^{7.75 - 14}\; \rm mol \cdot L^{-1}\\ &= 10^{-6.25}\; \rm mol \cdot L^{-1}\end{aligned}[/tex].

Therefore, [tex]\begin{aligned} K_\text{eq} &= 10^{-6.25}\end{aligned}[/tex].

Again, since [tex]\rm KOBr[/tex] is a soluble salt, all that [tex]0.200\; \rm M[/tex] of [tex]\rm KOBr[/tex] in this solution will be in the form of [tex]\rm K^{+}[/tex] and [tex]\rm OBr^{-}[/tex] ions. Before any hydrolysis takes place, the concentration of [tex]\rm OBr^{-}[/tex] should be equal to that of [tex]\rm KOBr[/tex]. Therefore:

[tex]\text{$[\rm OBr^{-}\; (aq)]$ before hydrolysis} = 0.200\; \rm M[/tex].

Let the equilibrium concentration of [tex][\rm OH^{-}\; (aq)][/tex] be [tex]x\; \rm M[/tex]. Create a RICE table for this reversible reaction:

[tex]\begin{array}{c|ccccccc} & \rm OBr^{-}\; (aq) &+&\rm H_2O\; (l)& \rightleftharpoons & \rm HOBr\; (l)& + & \rm OH^{-}\; (aq) \\ \textbf{I}& 0.200\; \rm M & & & & 0 \; \rm M & & 0\; \rm M \\ \textbf{C} & -x\; \rm M & & & & +x \; \rm M & & +x\; \rm M \\ \textbf{E}& (0.200 + x)\; \rm M & & & & x \; \rm M & & x\; \rm M \end{array}[/tex].

Assume that external factors (such as temperature) stays the same. The [tex]K_\text{eq}[/tex] found at the half-equivalence point should apply here, as well.

[tex]\displaystyle K_\text{eq} = \frac{[\rm HOBr\; (l)]\cdot [\rm OH^{-}\; (aq)]}{[\rm OBr^{-}\; (aq)]}[/tex].

At equilibrium:

[tex]\displaystyle \frac{[\rm HOBr\; (l)]\cdot [\rm OH^{-}\; (aq)]}{[\rm OBr^{-}\; (aq)]} = \frac{x^2}{0.200 + x}[/tex].

Assume that [tex]x[/tex] is much smaller than [tex]0.200[/tex], such that the denominator is approximately the same as [tex]0.200[/tex]:

[tex]\displaystyle \frac{[\rm HOBr\; (l)]\cdot [\rm OH^{-}\; (aq)]}{[\rm OBr^{-}\; (aq)]} = \frac{x^2}{0.200 + x} \approx \frac{x^2}{0.200}[/tex].

That should be equal to the equilibrium constant, [tex]K_\text{eq}[/tex]. In other words:

[tex]\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{0.200} \approx K_\text{eq} = 10^{-6.25}[/tex].

Solve for [tex]x[/tex]:

[tex]x \approx 3.35\times 10^{-4}[/tex].

In other words, the [tex]\rm OH^{-}[/tex] before acid was added was approximately [tex]3.35\times 10^{-4}\; \rm M[/tex], which is the same as [tex]3.35\times 10^{-4}\; \rm mol \cdot L^{-1}[/tex]. Again, assume that [tex]\rm p\mathnormal{K}_\text{w} = 14[/tex]. Calculate the [tex]\rm pH[/tex] of that solution:

[tex]\begin{aligned}\rm pH &= \rm p\mathnormal{K}_\text{w} + \log [\mathrm{OH^{-}}] \approx 10.88\end{aligned}[/tex].

(Rounded to two decimal places.)

When a solution is diluted with water, the ratio of the initial to final volumes of solution is equal to the ratio of final to initial molarities. The statement is True.

Concentration refers to the amount of a substance in a defined space. Another definition is that concentration is the ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution.

There are various methods of expressing the concentration of a solution.

Concentrations are usually expressed in terms of molarity, defined as the number of moles of solute in 1 L of solution.

Solutions of known concentration can be prepared either by dissolving a known mass of solute in a solvent and diluting to a desired final volume or by diluting the appropriate volume of a more concentrated solution (a stock solution) to the desired final volume.

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Answer:76 grams

Explanation:

Fe+H₂SO₄-->FeSO₄+H₂

For one mole of Fe we get 1 mole of feso4, therefore for 0.5 moles of Fe we get 0.5 moles of feso4.

The molar mass of feso4 is AFe+AS+4AO(A is atomic mass)

56+32+4*16=152grams/mole

Now, we need to multiply the number of moles by the molar mass to get the mass that reacts

152*0.5=76 grams

Answer:  313.6

Explanation:

To calculate the moles :

[tex]\text{Moles of solute}=\frac{\text{given mass}}{\text{Molar Mass}}[/tex]    

[tex]\text{Moles of} Fe_2O_3=\frac{450g}{160g/mol}=2.8moles[/tex]

[tex]\text{Moles of} CO=\frac{260g}{28g/mol}=9.3moles[/tex]

[tex]Fe_2O_3(s)+3CO(g)\rightarrow 2Fe(l)+3CO_2(g)[/tex]

According to stoichiometry :

1 mole of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] require 3 moles of [tex]CO[/tex]

Thus 2.8 moles of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] will require=[tex]\frac{3}{1}\times 2.8=8.4moles[/tex]  of [tex]CO[/tex]

Thus [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] is the limiting reagent as it limits the formation of product and [tex]CO[/tex] is the excess reagent.

As 1 mole of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] give = 2 moles of [tex]Fe[/tex]

Thus 2.8 moles of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] give =[tex]\frac{2}{1}\times 2.8=5.6moles[/tex] of [tex]Fe[/tex]

Mass of [tex]Fe=moles\times {\text {Molar mass}}=2.6moles\times 56g/mol=313.6g[/tex]

Theoretical yield of liquid iron is 313.6 g

Answer:

Explanation:

CH₃CHOHCOOH    ⇄    CH₃CHOHCOO⁻   +    H⁺

ionisation constant = 1.36 x 10⁻⁴ .

molecular weight of lactic acid = 90 g

moles of acid used = 20 / 90

= .2222

it is dissolved in one litre so molar concentration of lactic acid formed

C = .2222M

Let n be the fraction of moles ionised  

CH₃CHOHCOOH    ⇄    CH₃CHOHCOO⁻   +    H⁺

C  - nC                                          nC                  nC

By definition of ionisation constant Ka

Ka = nC x nC / C - nC

= n²C ( neglecting n in the denominator )

n² x .2222 = 1.36 x 10⁻⁴

n = 2.47  x 10⁻²

nC = 2.47  x 10⁻² x .2222

= 5.5 x 10⁻³

So concentration of hydrogen or hydronium ion = 5.5  x 10⁻³ g ion per litre .

The concentration of hydrogen or hydronium ion = 5.5  x 10⁻³ g ion per liter .

Ionization of lactic acid can be represented as:

CH₃CHOHCOOH⇄ CH₃CHOHCOO⁻  + H⁺

Given:

ionization constant = 1.36 x 10⁻⁴

mass= 20.0 g

Now, Molecular weight of lactic acid = 90 g

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{20}{90} =0.22mol[/tex]

It is dissolved in 1.00L so molar concentration of lactic acid formed will be

C = 0.22M

Consider "n" to be the fraction of moles ionized  

CH₃CHOHCOOH    ⇄    CH₃CHOHCOO⁻   +    H⁺

C  - nC                                          nC                  nC

By definition of ionization constant Ka

[tex]K_a =\frac{nC*nC}{C-nC}[/tex]

[tex]K_a= n^2C[/tex] ( neglecting n in the denominator )

On substituting the values we will get:

[tex]n^2 *0.22 = 1.36 *10^{-4}\\\\n = 2.47 * 10^{-2}[/tex]

To find the concentration of hydronium ion in the solution,

[tex]nC = 2.47 *10^{-2} *0.22\\\\nC= 5.5 * 10^{-3}[/tex]

So, concentration of hydrogen or hydronium ion = 5.5  x 10⁻³ g ion per liter.  

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Answer:

I think the answer is " Night vision glasses detect Infrared" energy emitted from cooling objects.

Explanation:

Answer:

Oxygen and Chlorine

Explanation:

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between nonmetals.

Answer:

oxygen (O) and chlorine (Cl)

Explanation:

cuz i said so

Explanation:

The mass to charge ratio =136

Answer:

28.13 g of H2O.

Explanation:

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below:

N2O4(l) + 2N2H4 (l) → 3N2(g) + 4H2O(g)

Next, we shall determine the masses of N2O4 and N2H4 that reacted and the mass of H2O produced from the balanced equation.

This is illustrated below:

Molar mass of N2O4 = (14x2) + (16x4) = 92 g/mol

Mass of N2O4 from the balanced equation = 1 x 92 = 92g

Molar mass of N2H4 = (14x2) + (4x1) = 32 g/mol

Mass of N2H4 from the balanced equation = 2 x 32 = 64 g

Molar mass of H2O = (2x1) + 16 = 18 g/mol

Mass of H2O from the balanced equation = 4 x 18 = 72 g

Summary:

From the balanced equation above,

92 g of N2O4 reacted with 64 g of N2H4 to produce 72 g of H2O.

Next, we shall determine the limiting reactant.

This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

92 g of N2O4 reacted with 64 g of N2H4.

Therefore, 40 g of N2O4 will react with = (40 x 64)/92 = 27.83 g of N2H4.

From the calculations made above, we can see that it will take a higher mass i.e 27.83 g than what was given i.e 25 g of N2H4 to react completely with 40 g of N2O4.

Therefore, N2H4 is the limiting reactant and N2O4 is the excess reactant.

Finally, we shall determine the mass of H2O produced from the reaction of 40.0 g of N2O4 and 25.0 g of N2H4.

In this case the limiting reactant will be used because it will produce the maximum amount of H2O as all of it is consumed in the reaction.

The limiting reactant is N2H4 and the mass of H2O produced can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

64 g of N2H4 reacted to produce 72 g of H2O.

Therefore, 25 g of N2H4 will react to produce = (25 x 72)/64 = 28.13 g of H2O.

Therefore, 28.13 g of H2O were obtained from the reaction.

Answer:

a) Specific Rotation of (R)-carvone = -61°

b) The enantiomeric excess of (R)-carvone in the mixture = 90.2%

c) The percentage of (S)-carvone in the mixture = 4.9%

Explanation:

a) The specific rotation of the enantiomer of a substance is given simply as the negative of the specific rotation of that substance.

Hence, the specific rotation of (R)-carvone is simply the negative of the specific rotation of (S)-carvone.

Specific Rotation of (R)-carvone = -(61°) = -61°

b) Enantiometic excess is used to measure the optical purity of an enantiomeric mixture.

The enantiomeric excess is given mathematically as

ee% = (Observed rotation × 100)/(Specific rotation)

Hence, to calculate the enantiomeric excess of (R)-carvone,

Observed rotation of the mixture = -55°

Specific Rotation of (R)-carvone = -61°

ee% = (-55×100)/(-61) = 90.16% = 90.2%

c) An enantiomeric excess of 90.2% for (R)-carvone indicates that it's actual percentage is 90.2% more than the percentage of its enantiomeric partner, (S)-carvone, in the mixture.

Let the percentage of (R)-carvone in the mixture be x

Let the percentage of (S)-carvone in the mixture be y

x + y = 100

x - y = 90.2

2x = 190.2

x = (190.2/2) = 95.1%

y = 100 - x = 100 - 95.1 = 4.9%

Hence, the percentage of (R)-carvone in the mixture = 95.1%

The percentage of (S)-carvone in the mixture = 4.9%

Hope this Helps!!!

a) Specific Rotation of (R)-carvone = -61°

b) The enantiomeric excess of (R)-carvone in the mixture = 90.2%

c) The percentage of (S)-carvone in the mixture = 4.9%

The specific rotation of the enantiomer of a substance is given simply as the negative of the specific rotation of that substance.

Hence, the specific rotation of (R)-carvone is simply the negative of the specific rotation of (S)-carvone.

Specific Rotation of (R)-carvone = -(61°) = -61°

b) Calculation for Enantiomeric excess:

The enantiomeric excess is given mathematically as

ee% = (Observed rotation × 100)/(Specific rotation)

Hence, to calculate the enantiomeric excess of (R)-carvone,

Observed rotation of the mixture = -55°

Specific Rotation of (R)-carvone = -61°

ee% = (-55×100)/(-61) = 90.16% = 90.2%

c) Calculation of percentage:

Let the percentage of (R)-carvone in the mixture be x

Let the percentage of (S)-carvone in the mixture be y

x + y = 100

x - y = 90.2

2x = 190.2

x = (190.2/2) = 95.1%

y = 100 - x = 100 - 95.1 = 4.9%

Hence, the percentage of (R)-carvone in the mixture = 95.1%

The percentage of (S)-carvone in the mixture = 4.9%

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Answer:

The answer to your question is given below.

Explanation:

Aluminium has atomic number of 13. Thus, the electronic configuration of aluminium can be written as:

Al (13) —› 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p¹

The orbital diagram is shown on the attached photo.

Answer: screen shot

Explanation:

Answer:

B) Ionic

Explanation:

Answer:

760 mmHg

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Step 2: Calculate the atmospheric pressure

Since air is a gaseous mixture, the atmospheric pressure is equal to the sum of the gases that compose it.

P = pN₂ + pO₂ + pAr + pt = 592 mmHg + 160 mmHg + 7 mmHg + 1 mmHg = 760 mmHg

Answer:

heptan-2-one

Explanation:

In this case, the final product would be a ketone: heptan-2-one. To understand why this molecule is produced we have to check the reaction mechanism.

The first step is the protonation of the triple bond to produce the more stable carbocation (a secondary one) by the action of sulfuric acid [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]. The next step is the attack of water to the carbocation to produce a new bond between C and the O, producing a positive charge in the oxygen. Then, a deprotonation step takes place to produce an enol. Finally, we will have a rearrangement (keto-enol tautomerism) to produce the final ketone.

See figure 1

I hope it helps!

Answer:

hi here goes your answer

Explanation:

iv. The lower the PH, the weaker the base

Answer:

C. To determine how efficient reactions are.

D. To determine how much reactant they need.

Explanation:

When you are doing a reaction, you are hoping for a percent yield to close of 100%. You make the reaction and determine how many product you obtain. If you know the percent yield of a reaction you can calculate the amount of reactant you need to obtain a determined amount of product.

Having this in mind:

A. To balance the reaction equation.  false. To calculate percent yield you need to balance the reaction before. You don't use percent yield to balance the reaction

B. To determine how much product they will need.  false. You determine how much product you obtain after the reaction. How much product you need is independent of percent yield

C. To determine how efficient reactions are.  true. A way to determine efficience of a reaction is with percent yield. An efficient reaction has a high percent yield.

D. To determine how much reactant they need. true. If you know percent yield of a reaction you can know how many reactant you must add to obtain  the amount of product you want.

Answer:

6.5 mL

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced reaction

Ca(OH)₂ + 2 HNO₃ ⇒ Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2 H₂O

Step 2: Calculate the reacting moles of nitric acid

25.0 mL of 0.50 M  nitric acid react.

[tex]0.0250L \times \frac{0.50mol}{L} = 0.013 mol[/tex]

Step 3: Calculate the reacting moles of calcium hydroxide

The molar ratio of Ca(OH)₂ to HNO₃ is 1:2. The reacting moles of Ca(OH)₂ are 1/2 × 0.013 mol = 6.5 × 10⁻³ mol

Step 4: Calculate the volume of calcium hydroxide

To answer this, we need the concentration of calcium hydroxide. Since the data is missing, let's suppose it is 1.0 M.

[tex]6.5 \times 10^{-3} mol \times \frac{1,000mL}{1.0mol} = 6.5 mL[/tex]

Answer: 9.08 L

Explanation:

To calculate the moles :

[tex]\text{Moles of solute}=\frac{\text{given mass}}\times{\text{Molar Mass}}[/tex]    

[tex]\text{Moles of} Al=\frac{14.6g}{27g/mol}=0.54moles[/tex]

[tex]4Al+3O_2\rightarrow 2Al_2O_3[/tex]

According to stoichiometry :

4 moles of [tex]Al[/tex] require  = 3 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]

Thus 0.54 moles of [tex]Al[/tex] will require=[tex]\frac{3}{4}\times 0.54=0.405moles[/tex]  of [tex]O_2[/tex]

Standard condition of temperature (STP)  is 273 K and atmospheric pressure is 1 atm respectively.

According to the ideal gas equation:

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

P = Pressure of the gas = 1 atm

V= Volume of the gas = ?

T= Temperature of the gas = 273 K      

R= Gas constant = 0.0821 atmL/K mol

n=  moles of gas= 0.405

[tex]V=\frac{nRT}{P}=\frac{0.405\times 0.0821\times 273}{1}=9.08L[/tex]

Thus 9.08 L of [tex]O_2[/tex] at STP would be required

Considering the reaction stoichiometry and STP conditions, 9.072 L of O₂ at STP would be required.  

The balanced reaction is:

4 Al + 3 O₂ → 2 Al₂O₃

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

Being 27 g/mole the molar mass of Al, this is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole, then if 14.6 grams Al are reacted,   the number of moles of Al that react is calculated as:

[tex]14.6 gramsx\frac{1 mole}{27 grams}= 0.54 moles[/tex]

Then you can apply the following rule of three: if by stoichiometry 4 moles of Al react with 3 moles of O₂, 0.54 moles of Al react with how many moles of O₂?

[tex]amount of moles of O_{2} =\frac{0.54 moles of Alx3 moles of O_{2} }{4 moles of Al}[/tex]

amount of moles of O₂= 0.405 moles

On the other side, the STP conditions refer to the standard temperature and pressure. Pressure values at 1 atmosphere and temperature at 0 ° C are used and are reference values for gases. And in these conditions 1 mole of any gas occupies an approximate volume of 22.4 liters.

Then you can apply the following rule of three: if by definition of STP 1 mole of O₂ occupies 22.4 L, 0.405 moles of O₂, how much volume does it occupy?

[tex]volume=\frac{0.405 moles of O_{2}x22.4 L }{1 mole of O_{2} }[/tex]

volume= 9.072 L

Finally, 9.072 L of O₂ at STP would be required.  

Learn more:

The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

A chemistry student weighs out 0.0349g of formic acid HCHO2 into a 250.mL volumetric flask and dilutes to the mark with distilled water. He plans to titrate the acid with 0.1500M NaOH solution. Calculate the volume of NaOH solution the student will need to add to reach the equivalence point. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.

Answer:

The correct answer is 5.06 ml.

Explanation:

Based on the given information, the weight of formic acid given is 0.0349 grams. The volume of formic acid of V1 given is 250 ml. The molecular mass of formic acid is 46 grams per mole. Now the molarity of formic acid will be,  

[HCOOH] = weight * 1000 / molecular mass * volume (ml)

= 0.0349 * 1000 / 46 * 250

= 0.003035 M or M1

The molarity of NaOH given is 0.1500 M or M2

Let us assume that the volume needed to attain equivalence point is V2 ml.  The volume V2 can be determined by using the dilution equation,  

M1V1 = M2V2

V2 = M1V1/M2  

V2 = 0.003035 * 250 / 0.1500

V2 = 5.06 ml.  

Hence, the volume of NaOH needed is 5.06 ml.  

Answer:

1. The coefficients are: 1, 3, 2

2. From the balanced equation, we obtained the following:

3 moles oxygen, O2 reacted.

2 moles of Hydrogen sulfide, H2S reacted.

2 moles of water were produced.

2 moles of sulphur dioxide, SO2 were produced.

Explanation:

1. Determination of the coefficients of the equation.

This is illustrated below:

P2O5(s) + H2O(l) <==> H3PO4(aq)

There are 2 atoms of P on the left side and 1 atom on the right side. It can be balance by putting 2 in front of H3PO4 as shown below:

P2O5(s) + H2O(l) <==> 2H3PO4(aq)

There are 2 atoms of H on the left side and 6 atoms on the right side. It can be balance by putting 3 in front of H2O as shown below:

P2O5(s) + 3H2O(l) <==> 2H3PO4(aq)

Now the equation is balanced.

The coefficients are: 1, 3, 2.

2. We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:

2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) => 2H2O(l) + 2SO2(g)

From the balanced equation above,

3 moles of oxygen, O2 reacted with 2 moles of Hydrogen sulfide, H2S to produce 2 moles of water, H2O and 2 moles of sulphur dioxide, SO2.

Answer:

2K+(aq) + CO3²¯(aq) + Ca^2+(aq) + 2F¯(aq) —› Cu2CO3(s) + 2K+(aq) + 2F¯(aq)

Explanation:

K2CO3(aq) + 2CuF(aq) → Cu2CO3(s) + 2KF(aq)

The complete ionic equation for the above equation can be written as follow:

In solution, K2CO3 and CuF will dissociate as follow:

K2CO3(aq) —› 2K+(aq) + CO3²¯(aq)

CuF(aq) —› Ca^2+(aq) + 2F¯(aq)

Thus, we can write the complete ionic equation for the reaction as shown below:

K2CO3(aq) + 2CuF(aq) —›

2K+(aq) + CO3²¯(aq) + Ca^2+(aq) + 2F¯(aq) —› Cu2CO3(s) + 2K+(aq) + 2F¯(aq)