In the lab, we can use cells of leaves containing chlorophyll molecules in the chloroplasts to see how sunlight excites electrons in presence of carbon dioxide and it generates simple carbohydrates (chemical energy) as occur during photosynthesis.
What is the biological pathway of photosynthesis?The biological pathway of photosynthesis refers to a series of chemical reactions by which plants use sunlight (light energy), water and carbon dioxide in order to generate oxygen as a byproduct and chemical energy contained in the bonds of carbohydrates, especially simple carbohydrates such as glucose molecules.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the biological pathway of photosynthesis is known to generate chemical energy in the form of simple carbs such as glucose and saccharose macronutrients which are the result of using the light energy from the sun and carbon dioxide present in the surrounding environment.
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which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle cells? only cardiac muscle contains a sarcoplasmic reticulum. only cardiac muscle has gap junctions. only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity only cardiac muscle has a high concentration of mitochondria.
Only cardiac muscle cells shows autorhythmicity The unique feature of cardiac muscle cells is autorhythmicity .
Cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) are striated, branched, have a large number of mitochondria, and are controlled involuntarily.
Specialized cardiac muscle cells known as autorhythmic cells are where action potentials (electrical impulses) in the heart are thought to begin. These cells have the capacity to self-excite and produce an action potential without external nerve cell activation. The autorhythmic cells offer a conduction system to coordinate the contraction of muscle cells throughout the heart and act as a pacemaker to start the cardiac cycle (the heart's pumping cycle).
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what would be the effect of swapping the dna-binding domain of a eukaryotic activator with a different dna-binding domain? multiple choice question.
The activator's ability to activate a target promoter is unaffected by the replacement of the DNA binding domain, which just changes the site at which it will function.
An activator protein binds to something, but what happens after it binds?The DNA regulatory sites close to the promoter regions, which function as on/off switches, are where activator proteins interact. This binding promotes the activity of the RNA polymerase and the transcription of adjacent genes.
How do activator proteins function in eukaryotic cells?Gene expression in a eukaryotic cell must be activated by transcriptional activators. RNA polymerase II can be drawn to the promoter or extended with the help of activators attached to the enhancer.
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Proteins that will go to different locations will likely have different _______ sequences.
Answer:
Messenger im sure
An occult blood test is a fecal test to determine gastrointestinal ______________ that is not visible.
Though not all tumours or polyps bleed, occult blood in the stool may be an indication of colon cancer or polyps in the colon or rectum.
What is occult gastric blood?A quick screening test called Gastroccult is intended to find hidden blood in gastric aspirate or vomitus. Doctors can diagnose and treat a variety of disorders, including gastrointestinal secretions, hernatemosis, and abnormal stomach acid, with the help of gastric content analysis.
What is the most frequent source of occult blood in stools?Some of the more common causes are small bowel tumours, esophagitis, peptic ulcers, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular ectasias, portal hypertensive gastropathy, and colon cancer.
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in the uvr excision repair system in e. coli, which enzyme routinely synthesizes dna to replace the excised strand?
DNA polymerase I an enzyme routinely synthesizes DNA to replace the excised strand.
An enzyme called DNA polymerase to takes a role in the replication of bacterial DNA. It was the first known DNA polymerase, and Arthur Kornberg discovered it in 1956. It was first identified in E. coli and is found in all prokaryotes.
During lagging-strand synthesis, DNA polymerase I (pol I) processes RNA primers and fills up tiny gaps during DNA repair events. By extending the 3′ ends of an existing nucleotide chain and adding new nucleotides that are identical to the template strand one at a time using the formation of phosphodiester bonds, DNA polymerase adds a new strand of DNA.
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Which option is not a scientific explanation for the origin of life on Earth?
Life originated on Earth's surface in warm, shallow oceans.
Cyanobacteria colonies were brought to Earth in asteroids or comets.
Life originated in hydrothermal vents deep in the oceans.
Organic molecules were brought to Earth in asteroids or comets.
A
C
D
On the basis of the scientific theories for the origin of life on Earth, the explanation which is not correct is that the colonies of cyanobacteria were brought to Earth in asteroids and comets.
What are the different scientific theories on origin of life?According to the deep-sea vent idea, life may have started at submerged hydrothermal vents that spew out essential components for life, like carbon and hydrogen.
In the deepest parts of the ocean's ocean floor, are hydrothermal vents. These vents release fluid that has been heated to a high temperature by the Earth's core as it rises through the crust and is then discharged at the vents gathering dissolved gases and minerals, including carbon and hydrogen. Then, these molecules might have been concentrated in their rocky crevices, serving as mineral catalysts for important reactions. These vents still support thriving ecosystems today because they are rich in chemical and thermal energy.
The meteorites would've been capable of transporting the molecules to Earth after the creation of nucleobases in space, later serving as the foundation for all genetic basis of life.
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soils of the spodosol order have a distinctive light-colored horizon of leached material beneath the dark upper horizon of weathered organic material. in what region do soils of the spodosol order occur?
The region where the soils of Spodosol order are present are: coniferous forests of cool temperate or wetter regions.
Spodosol are the acidic soils. Their appearance is a little ashy and gray. The subsurface of these soils has the accumulation of humus, Al and Fe oxides. The soil is found in cool and moist type of climates. Their pH ranges from around 4.5 to 5.5.
Coniferous forests are a biome of terrestrial habitat. These habitats have warm summers and cool winters. The trees rich in coniferous forests are called conifers that have needle like leaves. They also do not have flowers but have conifers. Coniferous forests are generally evergreen.
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what does the term biogenesis mean?what does the term biogenesis mean?formation of self-replicating moleculesformation of life from nonliving chemicalsformation of life from preexisting cellsformation of chemicals from organic monomers
In contrast to the theory of spontaneous generation, which states that living things evolved from nonliving matter, biogenesis explains how living organisms evolved from other living organisms.
One of this theory's strengths is that it is well supported by other studies. Biogenesis refers to all living things that originate from other living things. This gave birth to the cell, cell theory, and theories about the origin of life. Louis Pasteur proposed the Biogenesis theory. Life, according to the theory, arises from pre-existing life. The theory of biogenesis holds that living things can only come from other living things. Rudolf Virchow proposed it in 1858 as a counter-hypothesis to spontaneous generation. Prior to Virchow, it was widely assumed that microorganisms appeared by chance.
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The atomic theory has changed as scientists discovered more information about atoms. Which of the following statements
follows the current understanding of atoms?
The atomic theory has changed as scientists discovered more information about atoms statements follows the current understanding of atoms is there is the finite number of kind of atom that combine to make all matter of the universe
Chemistry is based on the modern atomic theory which stated that all matter is composed of atom and atom themselves are composed of protons and neutron and electron and each element has its own atomic number and which is equal to the number of proton in its nucleus and on the cosmic scale of the universe and assume that amount of matter created and uncreated cancel each other out and this mean that matter is finite so there are the same number of atom in the observable universe
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Where do human cells get most of the energy they need for metabolism?
Answer:
As we have just seen, cells require a constant supply of energy to generate and maintain the biological order that keeps them alive. This energy is derived from the chemical bond energy in food molecules, which thereby serve as fuel for cells.
Explanation:
hope it helps :)
two different bacterial species with doubling times of 2 h and 4 h are growing in a batch nutrient-rich medium with their maximum growth rate. the initial concentrations are the same. a. what would be the ratio of x1/x2 after 10 h of batch growth? b. how long should the batch growth of the mixed cultures last in order to obtain x1/x2
The ratio of x1/x2 after 10 h of batch growth would be 2:1. The batch growth of the mixed cultures should last for 20 h in order to obtain x1/x2.
We calculate this using,
a) Rate
N= N0ekt
For each bacteria we have to find out K so first bacteria with doubling time 2 hour
Assume there were 100 bacterias then after 2 hours there will be 200 bacterias
so N = 200 , N0=100 and t=2 hours
200 = 100*ek*2
200/100 = e^2K
e^2K = 2
Taking ln on both sides
2K = ln 2
K = ln2/2
=0.34657
The equation for bacteria X1
N0= Ne0.346t
For bacteria X2 K= ln2/4 ( because only difference here is the doubling time) =0.17328
So the equation for X2
N0= Ne0.173t
a) X1/X2 after 10 hours so t = 10
Ne0.346t / Ne
0.173t=e0.346t / e0.173t
= e0.346*10 / e0.173*10
= 31.817 / 5.64
=5.6413
b) X1 / X2= 10
e0.346t / e0.173t =10
Taking ln on both sides
ln ( e0.346t / e0.173t )= ln 10
ln e0.346t- ln e0.173t = ln 10
0.346t- 0.173t = 2.302
t ( 0.346- 0.173 ) = 2.302
t = 2.302/ ( 0.346 - 0.173)
=13.306
So the time is 13.306 hours
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PLEASE I NEED HELP
Using the words gene and protein molecule, write a 3-4 sentence summary to explain where individuals in a population get their traits.
Explanation:
individuals contain genes that are unique to the individual. the genes are coded into mRNA and in the ribosomes the mRNA are read form tRNA to assemble amino acids and form a polypeptide chain which is modified further to form protein molecules. these proteins molecules form structures, enzymes and hormones which contribute to the individual's traits such as hair structures, digestive traits and body structures too.
therefore, proteins made off the genes in an individual determine their traits
which class of antibiotics acts to inhibit the synthesis of rna and dna, thus stalling bacterial replication
Fluoroquinolones are the class of antibiotics which inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis, which halts bacterial replication.
What are Fluoroquinolones antibiotics?
As we know, antibiotics are medicines that destroy or stop the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Fluoroquinolones are such antibiotics, or bacterial agents, that are used to treat respiratory tract infections like pneumonia, sinusitis, bronchitis, and even urinary tract infections. These groups of antibiotics are effective against gram +ve and gram –ve bacteria as well.
Fluoroquinolones are FDA approved. They include levoflaxin, ciproflaxin, mixifloxacin, delafloxacin, etc.
Hence, Fluoroquinolones are antibiotics that have the ability to inhibit RNA and DNA growth.
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Today, some mountain ranges are rising due to tectonic plates colliding, and earthquakes are sometimes caused by tectonic plates sliding against each other. During Earth's past,
A.
the tectonic plates were not moving.
B.
similar tectonic movements were occurring.
C.
mountains were rising, but there were no earthquakes.
D.
there were earthquakes, but no mountains were rising.
The past of the earth was like that there were Similar tectonic movements were occurring.
What is tectonic plates?
Plate tectonics is used to define that, there is a widely held scientific idea that the Earth's lithosphere is made up of a series of huge tectonic plates that have been moving slowly since around 3.4 billion years ago.
Tectonic plates clashing now is causing some mountain ranges to rise, and earthquakes are sometimes produced by tectonic plates moving against each other. Similar tectonic motions were present in the past of the world.
Therefore, option D is correct.
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what is the general term used to describe the viral component that binds to a host cell for attachment?
Viral receptors are the general term used to describe the viral component that binds to a host cell for attachment purposes.
When referring to a particular molecule or structure that aids in viral attachment on the surface of host cells, the word "receptor" should be used. The molecule(s) on the surface of the virus that binds to the receptor is referred to as "ligands." The term "viral envelope" refers to the structure that surrounds the capsid of certain viruses. All viruses use a specific type of glycoprotein to bind to viral receptors on their host cells, which are cellular molecules.
Once a virus has attached itself to and entered the host cell by breaking through the cell wall or membrane, viral replication can start. The protein covering the viral genome is removed, and the viral genome is then injected into the host cell.
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Explain the difference between a law and a theory.
Answer:
Explanation:
Law and theory are two terms that are often used in context of scientific terminology. The main difference between a law and a theory is that a theory tries to explain the reasoning behind something that occurs in nature, whereas scientific laws are just descriptive accounts of how something occurs in nature.
Hope this helped and have a good day
If I feel sick but haven’t thrown up and have ate and still feel sick am I actually sick?
Answer:
If you feel sick, I recommend just lying down on your bed for a few hours, it has always helped me. My mom always had me lie down on my bed like all day it seemed, and just relax and watch television, and even though I didn't want to go to bed, it really helped. I thank my mom for helping me. So, I highly recommend doing that if you feel sick. And, you should see if you have a thermometer to use to see how hot you are. If you are exceeding 99.8 degrees, that means you are most likely ill, and should lie down. But, if below that, you should be fine. But, if you still feel ill, just do what I suggested. It really helps.
Explanation:
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In which direction does heat always flow
which antibody isotype to antigen can inhibit naive b lymphocyte activation of pre existing (already present)?
IgG antibody isotype to antigen can inhibit naive b lymphocyte activation of pre existing (already present).
What is Antibody ?Proteins called antibodies defend you when your body comes into contact with an unwelcome chemical. Antibodies, which are made by your plasma, bind to these foreign substances and drive them out of your body.
Immunoglobulin is another name for an antibody.
Antigens have molecules on their surfaces that are different from those your body naturally produces. Therefore, as soon as an antigen enters your body, your immune system immediately recognises it. Your immune system requests antibody defence in order to combat this antigen invader.
The B cell produces antibodies (specialized white blood cells). A B cell multiplies and clones when it comes into touch with an antigen. These plasma cells, also known as cloned B cells, unleash countless amounts of antibodies into your lymphatic and blood systems.
Your body has antibodies in a number of places, including your skin, lungs, tears, saliva, and even breast milk. In actuality, colostrum contains significant amounts of antibodies. Because of this, breast- or chest-feeding can strengthen your baby's immune system.
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Some insects can walk on the surface of water. Their feet push against the surface of the water and the water surface bends down under their weight but does not break. What do the individual water molecules do that makes this possible?
Answer:it is surface tension
Explanation:
Which process is responsible for producing sex cells?
causes of atherosclerosis include: group of answer choices plaques. stiffening of the arteries. twisted arteries. all of these are correct.
These are all accurate.
Is there a cure for atherosclerosis?Plaque fragments that come loose can result in blood clots that can cause a stroke or a heart attack. Atherosclerosis cannot currently be cured, however it can be slowed down by statin medications and dietary modifications.
When does atherosclerosis typically begin?Cardiologist Matthew Sorrentino, MD, a professor at The University of Chicago Medicine, says that atherosclerosis typically begins in the teen and early 20s, and that most people start to see changes by their 30s. Your heart-related tests, such as cholesterol checks, may still provide normal results in the early stages.
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How is meiosis similar to mitosis?
Both produce two daughter cells.
Both occur in somatic cells.
Both involve two divisions of a cell.
Both are forms of cell reproduction.
Answer:
both are forms of cell reproduction
Explanation:
meiosis makes 4 unidentical daughter cells
mitosis makes 2 identical daughter cells
not A
somatic only occurs in mitosis, not meiosis
not B
mitosis makes body cells, meiosis makes sperm and egg cells, both a type of cell division but mitosis does it only once, meiosis has two divisions or does it twice.
not C
meiosis is sexual reproduction
mitosis is asexual reproduction
both forms of cell reproduction therefore,
it's D :)
(can go more indepth if needed)
the proper first aid for arterial gas embolism, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and mediastinal emphysema is:
The proper first aid for arterial gas embolism, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and mediastinal emphysema is Administer oxygen, watch Vital signs, treat for shock, and stand by to administer cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, Seek proper medical aid
Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum are ordinarily a result of thoracic and cervical limit injury, esophageal perforation also called Boerhaave disorder, causes incorporate helped positive pressure ventilation, interstitial lung malady, and aperture of an empty stomach viscus with ensuing dismemberment of air into the mediastinum utilizing the diaphragmatic break and dental strategies as well as a few maladies. It can moreover suddenly happen since of cocaine inward breath, heaving, and commanding strainings, such as in childbirth or strenuous exercise. In any case, synchronous subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum are complications seldom watched synchronously amid an intense asthma assault. This case outlines a bizarre sudden complication of an asthmatic attack.
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B cells have antigen receptors that bind to antigens that are either freely dissolved or present on the surface of invading/foreign cells. T cells have antigen receptors that.
T cells have antigen receptors that: bind to antigen fragments presented on major histocompatibility complexes by host cells.
T cells are a type of lymphocytes. They are an essential component of immune cells and are of two types: Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells. The helper cells help in the activation of other immune cells like B cells to fight against infection, while the cytotoxic cells directly kill the foreign invaders.
Major Histocompatibility Complexes are the genes that encode for proteins that help in the presentation of foreign antigens onto the surface of infected cells so that they can be recognized by immune cells. They are present in all of the higher vertebrate animals.
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protein shape is crucial to its proper function. students have difficulty grasping this idea and how the specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and how that, in turn, affects protein function. as an example, sickle cell disease is a lethal disorder caused by just a single amino acid change in the primary structure of the protein hemoglobin. briefly explain how the words tasty and nasty can serve as a good analogy for a teacher trying to explain this concept to students.
The words tasty and nasty serve a good analogy for explaining the concept or protein shape and its essentiality for the function. This is because the word tasty creates image of some delicious food in the mind. However, replacing just one letter 't' from the word with 'n' changes the entire meaning and depiction. This is how the primary structure of proteins functions. Change in a single amino acid can change the complete primary sequence.
Amino acids are the organic molecules that are essential for protein formation in the living organisms. The basic structure of amino acids i s composed of a amino group, a carboxylic group, a hydrogen atom and a variable R group all attached to the alpha carbon atom.
Primary structure of proteins is composed of a linear chain of sequence of amino acids all boned together by peptide bonds. The primary structure sequence is very crucial for the structure and function of the protein.
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Which of the following is not one of the media plates you will be using?
O THR-
O LEU-
O HIS-
OURA-
The one which is not the media plates you will be using is Val-Ser-Thr-Val and Val-Ser-Asp-Met. Thus, option A is correct.
Whom the organisms Val-Ser-Thr-Val" and "Val-Ser-Asp-Met" are associated with?The organisms "Val-Ser-Thr-Val" and "Val-Ser-Asp-Met" are most likely and closely associated and the reason behind this association is that they share similarities in their structures("Val-Ser") and the charges in their series of chains carried by them.
The term Central Dogma has been defined as the term that refers to the two step process through which information flows from the sequence of DNA into a sequence of RNA (the process of transcription) and finally takes the form of proteins (the process of translation).
Therefore, The one which is not the media plates you will be using is Val-Ser-Thr-Val and Val-Ser-Asp-Met. Thus, option A is correct.
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xhegg which phase of the action potential would be most affected by poisoning of the sodium-potassium atpase?
When the sodium-potassium at phase is poisoned, the action potential's rising phase is most likely to be impacted.
What impact does action potential have on sodium-potassium pump?The action potential created by nerve cells is significantly influenced by the sodium-potassium pump. The reason this pump is known as a P-type ion pump is that the ATP interactions phosphorylate the transport protein, changing its shape.
Why do potassium channels block affect the action potential?Action potentials are terminated, hyperpolarization occurs, and excitability decreases as a result of activation, which also increases conductance. When the channels are blocked, on the other hand, depolarization, prolonged action potentials, repetitive firing, and increases in transmitter release and endocrine activity result.
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increased lumbar curvature, which compensates for the enlarging uterus in pregnant women, is called what?
Lordosis due to pregnancy is an increase in the lumbar curvature, which compensates for the enlargement of the uterus in pregnant women.
Pregnancy can cause a lot of discomfort. The increased burden due to the weight gain and size of the fetus can cause pain.
Not only that, pregnant women are also at risk of experiencing lordosis. This is a condition in which there is an excessive inward curvature of the lower back.
Lordosis Can Be Caused by Pregnancy
Pregnancy is clearly a risk factor for developing lordosis and other postural changes.
As the uterus grows larger, the body experiences a shift in its center of gravity. This puts a lot of strain on the lower back muscles as they have to compensate for the extra load.
In addition, the growing uterus causes the abdominal muscles to stretch and weaken. This further exacerbates the problem because the abdominal muscles help keep the pelvis in a neutral position.
Ultimately, the imbalance between the abdomen and lower back tilts the pelvis forward creating lordosis.
Lordosis can occur in the late second and early third trimesters of pregnancy. This is when the fetus grows the fastest and the uterus expands rather rapidly.
The larger the pregnancy, the more shifts in the center of gravity are experienced.
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1. Any chemical digestion changes __ to___
Any chemical digestion changes nutrients to smaller parts
Chemical digestion break down nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates as well fats into even smaller parts and fast break down into fatty acids and monoglycerides and nucleic acid break down into nucleotides and polysaccharides or carbohydrates sugar, break down into monosaccharides and chemical digestion is also called as mechanical digestion in which involve physically breaking down food substances into the smaller particles to more efficiently undergo chemical digestion and the role of chemical digestion is to further degrade the molecular structure of the ingested compound by digestive enzymes into a form that is absorbable into the bloodstream
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