Answer: A reading frame shift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a certain number of nucleotides that is not divisible by three, because the cell reads a gene in groups of three bases (a codon). This type of mutation can change the reading frame causing a different translation from the original, because it will code for different amino acids.
Explanation:
DNA is the double-stranded molecule composed of nucleotides which are the functional unit of nucleic acids and are composed of a base (which can be Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil replacing Thymine in RNA), a phosphate group and a sugar which can be ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA. The reading frame is one of the possible ways in which a sequence of DNA or RNA nucleotides can be divided to form a group of codons that are consecutive and non-overlapping. A codon consists of a set of three nucleotides and each codon codes for an amino acid during translation or protein synthesis. When DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), this mRNA is read on ribosomes during translation and the three bases of each codon will code for an amino acid.
A single-stranded nucleic acid (RNA) molecule has a phosphate end, called the 5' end (read five prime end) and a hydroxyl end, called the 3' end. These ends define the 5'-3' direction. There are three possible reading frames in which a nucleotide sequence can be read in the 5'-3' direction. Each of these reading frames could start at a different nucleotide of the same codon. In a double-stranded nucleic acid (DNA), there are also three additional reading frames corresponding to the complementary strand, but in an antiparallel direction. Since the two strands of a double-stranded nucleic acid are antiparallel, the 5'-3' direction of the second strand corresponds to the 3'-5' direction of the first strand.
Generally, there is at most, a single biologically relevant reading frame for a given section of a nucleic acid, and that reading begins when a start codon indicating the initiation of protein synthesis is found in the messenger RNA. And the process stops when a stop codon is reached.
An insertion is a type of mutation that involves the addition of genetic material. It can be small and involve a single DNA base pair, or large and involve a fragment of a chromosome. A deletion is a type of genetic mutation in which genetic material is lost, from a single DNA nucleotide pair to an entire chromosome fragment. A reading frame shift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a certain number of nucleotides that is not divisible by three, because the cell reads a gene in groups of three bases, as it was explained before. This type of mutation can change the reading frame causing a different translation from the original.
Describe the processes that turn metamorphic rock into igneous rock and the energy that powers the processes.
So, we know that a metamorphic rock is either an igneous or a sedimentary rock that are exposed to intense heat and pressure.
But when the metamorphic rock is thrusted deep underground through subduction, it will again be subjected to intense heat. This can cause it to melt, turning it into a magma. When the magma cools down, it again becomes an igneous rock and the rock cycle continues.
Which type of bond is illustrated in the following image?
covalent
ionic
metallic
unknown
Answer:
covalent bonding
Explanation:
For a majority of humans, one part of the ___ cortex is larger on the ___side of the brain than on the oppposite side.
Is human reproduction controlled by the nervous system? True or false.
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Which of the following is an
ADVANTAGE of using natural gas for
energy?
A. can leak or spill during transport
B. burns cleaner than coal
C. unburned methane can escape to atmosphere
D. increased fracking leads to increased earthquakes
Answer:
B. Burns cleaner than coal
What type of natural selection do you think is acting on these bugs if we consider the golden rain tree bugs and balloon vines bugs together as one group
Complete question:
Question 49 (1 point) The following questions refer to the description below. You have read that soapberry bugs, Jadera haematoloma, adapt to available food sources. For example, in southern Florida, soapberry bugs feed on seeds of a native plant, the balloon vine. In central Florida, the balloon vine is rare and soapberry bugs have switched to eating seeds of an introduced species, the golden rain tree. The seeds of the golden rain tree fruits are much closer to the fruit surface than the seeds of the native balloon vine fruit. As a result, natural selection results in beaks that are shorter in soapberry bugs that utilize golden rain tree fruits than those that feed on balloon vine fruit seeds.
What type of natural selection do you think is acting on these bugs if we consider the golden rain tree bugs and balloon vines bugs together as one group?
DirectionalStabilizingDisruptive (diversifying)Answer:
Disruptive (diversifying)Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files
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Question 29 (3 points)
Predict a change in the Earth's surface or effect observed at each of the following for
1 point each:
- TRANSFORM BOUNDARY
- DIVERGENT BOUNDARY
- CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
Answer:
Divergent boundaries occur along spreading centers where plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Picture two giant conveyor belts, facing each other but slowly moving in opposite directions as they transport newly formed oceanic crust away from the ridge crest.
Perhaps the best known of the divergent boundaries is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This submerged mountain range, which extends from the Arctic Ocean to beyond the southern tip of Africa, is but one segment of the global mid-ocean ridge system that encircles the Earth. The rate of spreading along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge averages about 2.5 centimeters per year (cm/yr), or 25 km in a million years. This rate may seem slow by human standards, but because this process has been going on for millions of years, it has resulted in plate movement of thousands of kilometers. Seafloor spreading over the past 100 to 200 million years has caused the Atlantic Ocean to grow from a tiny inlet of water between the continents of Europe, Africa, and the Americas into the vast ocean that exists today.
Explanation:
NOT MY WORDS! BUT I HOPE IT HELPS!
Some aquatic animals possess stinging cells. These cells are called: Hypothocysts. Nematocysts. Psoriacysts. None of the above.
Answer:
The correct answer is - Nematocycst.
Explanation:
Nematocysts are aquatic animals that contain stinging cells known as cnidocytes. These organisms are members of the phylum Cnidaria. These carry a organelle called cnida or cnidocyst.
An example of such an organism is Jellyfish. Sting cells are specialized neural cells that release extensive Golgi secretion venom that causes a stinging experience to the prey the nematocyst.
Warm air masses tend to flow only towards the North Pole.
True or false?
Answer:
true
Explanation:
An air mass acquires its characteristics from the region over which it forms, called its source region. ... Cold air masses tend to flow toward the equator, and warm air masses tend to flow toward the poles. This movement of air masses brings heat to cold area
the interest on Rs 4050 in five years is Rs 2050 what will be interest on Rs 5000 in 8 years at the same rate of interest
Answer:
Explanation:
for first principle = Rs. 4050 Time =5yrs, interest =Rs. 2050 R%= ?
By the formula, R=?\\
[tex]For the first,\\P =RS 4050, I=RS2050, R=?\\\\R= \frac{I*100} {P*T}\\ = \frac{2050*100}{4050*5} \\=\frac{205000}{20250} \\=10%\\Again, for 2nd \\ P= Rs 5000, T= 8yrs, R= 10% Same as First ,I=?\\\\I=\frac{P*T*R}{100} \\=\frac{5000*8*10}{100} \\=RS=4000.[/tex]
What is a complete offspring
The product of the reproductive processes of an animal or plant : young, progeny The disease can be transmitted from parent to offspring. b : child a mother of numerous offspring.
Schools almost over, good luck!!
Answer:
Offspring is defined as a human child or animal child, or the children of a family for many years. An example of an offspring is the cub of two lions at the zoo. An example of offspring is how a father refers to all his descendants. The definition of an offspring is a result.
Explanation:
hope this helps
Both microscopy and motility agar are used to confirm microbial mobility. Research techniques involving microscopic determination of mobility and explain why both microscopy and motility agar are required to determine motility in some microbes.
Answer:
One allows microbe to move in the medium and the other allows to see it.
Explanation:
Both microscopy and motility agar are required to determine motility in some microbes because both substances helps to find out the mobility in the microbes. Motility agar is the medium that allows microbes to swim if they have flagella in their body while on the other hand, microscope is used to see the movement of microbes in motility agar. Microbes are small creature which can't be seen through naked eyes so we used microscope for it.
A segment of a DNA molecule has the base sequence ATGAAC. Write a shorthand structure for this segment and for its complementary strand, using the symbols D for deoxyribose and P for phosphate.
Answer: See attached picture.
Explanation:
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the name for the molecule that contains the genetic information in all living things. This molecule consists of two strands that wind around each other to form a double helix structure.
The basic unit of nucleic acids are called nucleotides, which are organic molecules formed by the covalent bonding of a nucleoside (a pentose which is a type of sugar and a nitrogenous base) and a phosphate group. So each nucleotide is made up of a pentose sugar called deoxyribose, a nitrogenous base which can be adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) or guanine (G) and a phosphate group.
What distinguishes one polynucleotide from another is the nitrogenous base, and thus the sequence of DNA is specified by naming only the sequence of its bases. The sequential arrangement of these four bases along the chain is what encodes the genetic information, following the following criterion of complementarity: A-T and G-C. So the sequence of these bases along the chain is what encodes the instructions for forming proteins and RNA molecules. In living organisms, DNA occurs as a double strand of nucleotides, in which the two strands are linked together by connections called hydrogen bridges.
The chemical convention of naming the carbon atoms in the pentose nucleotide pentose numerically confers the names 5' end and 3' end ("five prime end" and "three prime end" respectively). The 5'-end designates the end of a DNA strand that coincides with the phosphate group of the fifth carbon of the respective terminal deoxyribose. A phosphate group attached to the 5'-end allows the ligation of two nucleotides; for example, the covalent bonding of the 5'-phosphate group to the 3'-hydroxyl group of another nucleotide, to form a phosphodiester bond.
Which of the following processes depend on fusion?
A. the atomic bombs used in World War II
B. the energy production in the sun
C. the geothermal heating in the mantle of the Earth
D. the energy production in nuclear reactors
Answer:
B. the energy production in the sun.
Explanation:
The sun ngenerates its energy by nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium.
The right answer to the provided question is that the sun's energy generation method is based on fusion.
How nuclear fusion occurs in sun?
Nuclear fusion is the process that occurs when two or more atomic nuclei unite to generate one or more distinct atomic nuclei and subatomic particles neutrons or protons.
The mass differential between reactants and products results in either energy release or absorption.
In the Sun's core, hydrogen is being converted into helium. This is referred to as nuclear fusion.
The fusion of four hydrogen atoms produces one helium atom. During the process, some of the mass is converted into energy.
So, we can conclude that Nuclear fusion occurs within the sun's core. Because of the amount of pressure within the sun, nuclear fusion occurs at its core.
Learn more about Nuclear Fusion here:
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All of the following are examples of erosion EXCEPT
O The wind in the desert blows sand against a rock.
O A glacier picks up boulders as it moves.
O A flood washes over a riverbank, and the water carries small soil particles downstream
O An icy winter causes the pavement in a road to crack
Why do some medications developed to work on viruses not work on a mutated form?
PLEASE HELPPP
Question 1: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health (20 points) a) Describe two ways of measuring biodiversity. Explain the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability. As part of your explanation, discuss how susceptibility to disease in agricultural crops and in isolated tribal human populations provides evidence that supports this idea. (5 points)
Answer:
explanation below
Explanation:
A) Biodiversity is simply known as the number and variety of organisms found in a definite environment or region. Scientists have devised several ways of measuring biodiversity and the methods to be used depend on the type of organisms they are to count.
Canopy fogging – one of the ways of measuring biodiversity, has remained an effective way of obtaining details about the biodiversity of insects. It involves the act of spraying low dose of insecticides on a tree top, and when the insects fall from the trees, they are being collected on a large screen, that looks like a funnel.
Transact sampling is another way of measuring biodiversity and this time, with a transact line. The transact line is usually a measuring tape or rope that has been marked at set intervals.
b) Ecosystem stability is the ability of the ecosystem to maintain its steady state, even after it has experienced stress or disturbances. The biodiversity of an environment makes huge impact on the ecosystem stability in that particular area. It has been known that certain areas that have high levels of species and genetic diversity, are more likely going to an ecosystem that is complex, with varying food webs and biotic interactions. The increase in this complexity makes it more likely that the ecosystem of that area will rightly move back to a stable state whenever disturbances are experienced.
There are evaluated scientific evidence that shows that reduced biodiversity affects the transmission of communicable disease in agricultural crops, animals and humans. Loss of biodiversity usually increases susceptibility to diseases in plants and humans.
Turns on the light which energy transfer happens
When a light bulb is turned on, it is powered by electricity and manages to produce both light and heat. This is something as persons we know from experience. Thus when a light bulb is turned on, electrical energy is transformed into light and heat energy.
mark me brainliest pls :)))
Which of the following separates the DNA strands during replication
a.
helicase
b.
nuclease
c.
ligase
d.
DNA polymerase I
e.
primase
Answer:
I think it's b not sure though
Name the structures of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system and describe their functions.
Various strains of bacteria are able to transfer genes to eukaryotic hosts. This process of horizontal gene transfer often results in the formation of enzymes in the host organism that assist in metabolic pathways. What is the most likely explanation for why bacterial genes are able to successfully transfer genes that produce enzymes in eukaryotic cells?
Answer:
Due to conjugation.
Explanation:
Bacterial genes are able to successfully transfer genes that produce enzymes in eukaryotic cells because of conjugation process. Conjugation is a process by which one bacterium transfers its genetic material or genes to another bacterium or cell through direct contact with it. During conjugation, the bacterial cells serves as the donor of the genetic material, and the eukaryotic cell serves as the recipient that receives the genes.
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When a substance shifts from one state of matter to another without changing its molecular composition, it undergoes a chemical change.
True
False
Answer:
false
Explanation:
because I have don't get be few job days people and of will am to a on in the next time we come in for our meeting tomorrow morning to get some the information on how we will be working with our current client on our own so I don't am the a to make do I get have job that I am not going the the process best I I'm you me the chain
Answer:
no it's false.
since chemical change require change in chemical composition of a substance
and mostly a new substance is formed during a chemical change .
and here no such thing is observed so it's not a chemical change
Two polypeptides, X and Y, have similar tertiary structures. X normally exists as a monomer while Y exists as a tetramer, Y4. What differences might be expected in the amino acid composition of X versus Y
Answer:
Due to number of amino acids.
Explanation:
The main differences might be expected in the amino acid composition of X versus Y because the X polypeptide is made up of one smaller unit of amino acid while on the other hand, Y polypeptide is made up of four smaller units of amino acids. The name of X is monomer which means composed of one amino acids while Y exists as a tetramer which means it has four amino acids. So we can conclude that the main difference between X and Y is the presence of number of amino acids.
Amino acids are organic compounds that are formed of amino, carboxylic and a side group. They bond to form protein structures.
The amino acids fold in various structures like primary, secondary, tertiary etc. The basic contrast in an amino acid arrangement of polypeptide X and Y is that the X is made of small units while Y is made of larger units.
X polypeptide is a monomer that is it only has one unit of amino acid while Y is a tetramer that is it has four-unit of amino acids.
Therefore, the number of amino acids is the main distinction between X and Y tertiary structures.
To learn more about the monomer and tetramer structure of amino acids follow the link:
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define biosorption??
what is biosorption?
Answer:-Biosorption is the ability of biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically mediated or physico-chemical pathways of uptake.
hope this helps you...please help with my biology
Answer:
True
Explanation:
cancer cells are cells with unregulated cell growth or unchecked cell growth
The swimming reflex is the combination of 2 unique factors. First, when submerged, babies will reflexively stop breathing through their nose. Secondly, their high voice boxes mean that any water will go into their _____.
Answer:
Trachea
Explanation:
The laryngeal reflex occurs and it is present in babies after birth. When water occupies or enters the mouth, the laryngeal reaction is triggered. While your infant is underwater, the glottis and epiglottis shut, keeping water from penetrating the throat(larynx and pharynx) and establishing a watertight barrier to the lungs. This is so to prevent the aspiration of water into the lungs.
14.
A scientist places a cell in a solution, and over time
the cell gains mass and swells. What is the most
likely explanation for the cell's gain in mass?
A. The solution is hypertonic to the cell.
B. The solution is hypotonic to the cell.
C. The solution and the cell have equal
concentrations of solutes.
D. The solution and the cell have equal
concentrations of water.
Ο Α.
B
С
D
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Ecologists are interested in quantifying different kinds of biodiversity. In below study outlined here, which kind of biodiversity are ecologists studying?
Ecologists establish 20 small areas, called plots, randomly scattered across a California grassland. They count the number of different plant species present in each plot. By noting how many species appear in the plots, the ecologists are able to estimate the number of species in the entire grassland.
a. Genetic diversity
b. Functional diversity
c. Ecosystem diversity
d. Species diversity
Answer:
d. Species diversity
Explanation:
The species diversity can be measured by:
Species richness: Refers to the number of species are inhabiting a defined area. Species abundance: Describe the distribution of the species abundance.Species richness is the number of species present in a sample, within a community, habitat or microhabitat, ecosystem, landscape, region or any well-defined spatial unit. It is a metric for measuring biodiversity which simplicity and easy interpretation make it a standard metric. It is the simplest and straightforward measure of biodiversity. It is just a count of species, with no need for abundance data. In some cases, this can be the cause of criticism, as it ignores information about the species-abundance distribution.
PLS HELP 40 POINTS
Which of the following statements correctly compares sex-linked disorders between males and females?
Sex-linked disorders affect females more often than males because females have no X chromosomes.
Sex-linked disorders affect males more often than females because males have only one X chromosome.
Sex-linked disorders affect females more often than males because females have only one Y chromosome.
Sex-linked disorders affect males more often than females because males have only one Y chromosome.
Answer:
i have no idea what this means i kinda need more details but ill say it maybe is Sex-linked disorders affect males more often than females because males have only one X chromosome. but im not really sure
Explanation:
What are the adaptive features of animal in rainforest
Answer:
Many animals have adapted to the unique conditions of the tropical rainforests. The sloth uses camouflage and moves very slowly to make it difficult for predators to spot. The spider monkey has long, strong limbs to help it to climb through the rainforest trees.Hope it heps
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