Participation in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has proven beneficial for its member countries by eliminating foreign exchange risk costs. According to a 2004 article in The European, countries within the EMU have saved a significant amount in these costs since the introduction of the Euro.
The EMU allows for a single currency, the Euro, to be used across its member states, facilitating smoother transactions and reducing the uncertainties associated with fluctuating exchange rates. By removing these risks, businesses and consumers can engage in cross-border trade with greater confidence and predictability.
Furthermore, the elimination of currency conversion costs encourages economic growth and integration among the EMU countries. In summary, EMU participation has led to substantial savings in foreign exchange risk costs, promoting stability and economic cooperation within the region.
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a firm maximizes its profits when responses a price equals marginal revenue.price equals marginal revenue. b price equals marginal cost.price equals marginal cost. c total revenue equals total cost.total revenue equals total cost. d marginal cost equals total cost.
A firm maximizes its profits when the price equals the marginal cost. The correct answer is B.
Marginal cost is the additional cost incurred by producing one more unit of a good or service. Marginal revenue, on the other hand, is the additional revenue earned by selling one more unit of a good or service.
When a firm sets its price equal to its marginal cost, it ensures that it is not losing money on each unit produced and sold.
At the same time, it is also maximizing its profits by producing and selling the quantity of goods that generates the highest possible revenue.
This is because any additional unit sold beyond this point would cost more to produce than the revenue it would generate, resulting in lower profits.
Conversely, if a firm sets its price above the marginal cost, it may earn a higher profit per unit sold, but it may not sell as many units, resulting in lower overall revenue and profits.
On the other hand, if a firm sets its price below the marginal cost, it may sell more units, but it will not be covering all its costs, leading to a loss.
Hence, B is the right answer.
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the administrative burden of regulating price in a monopolistically competitive market isa.large because price is usually below marginal cost.b.small due to economies of scale.c.large because of the large number of firms that produce differentiated products.d.small because firms produce with excess capacity.
The administrative burden of regulating price in a monopolistically competitive market is large because of the large number of firms that produce differentiated products.
In a monopolistically competitive market, each firm has some market power and can set its price above its marginal cost. However, since there are many firms in the market, each with a slightly different product, the demand for any one firm's product is relatively elastic, meaning that if the firm raises its price too high, it will lose customers to its competitors.
This makes it difficult to regulate prices in this type of market since each firm has some degree of control over its pricing, and there are many different products being offered. Therefore, the regulatory authority would need to monitor and regulate the prices of many firms, making the administrative burden quite large.
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the market condition in which firms do not face incentives to enter or exit the market and firms earn a normal profit is known as -run equilibrium. (remember enter only one word in the blank.)
The market condition in which firms do not face incentives to enter or exit the market and firms earn a normal profit is known as long-run equilibrium.
In long-run equilibrium, the market reaches a state where firms neither have incentives to enter nor exit the market. This occurs because firms are earning a normal profit, meaning their revenues are equal to their opportunity costs.
Since there are no excess profits or losses, new firms do not have incentives to enter the market, and existing firms do not have reasons to exit. This equilibrium results in an optimal allocation of resources, as firms produce at the minimum average total cost.
Additionally, long-run equilibrium reflects the perfect competition assumption, where firms are price takers and have no control over market prices. In this scenario, supply and demand determine the market price, ensuring that both consumers and producers are satisfied.
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Audits are of value becausea. when financial statements are audited, they are accurateb. when f/s are audited, investors have more confidence in their fairness and reliabilityc. the IRS accepts them and the company will not have to pay additional taxesd. the PCAOB requires them
Audits are of value primarily because when financial statements are audited, investors have more confidence in their fairness and reliability (option b).
Audits provide assurance that the financial statements are presented fairly in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) or other applicable frameworks. The audit process involves a systematic and objective evaluation of the financial statements and the underlying transactions and records, providing an independent and unbiased opinion on their accuracy and completeness. This helps investors and other stakeholders make informed decisions based on the financial information presented.
While audits may also be accepted by the IRS and may help prevent additional taxes or penalties, this is not their primary purpose. The PCAOB does require audits of public companies, but this is to ensure that they meet high standards of audit quality and provide reliable financial information to investors.
Option b is answer.
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knowledge check 01 companies are allowed to depart from the requirement that a change in accounting principle be reported retrospectively when: (select all that apply.) check all that apply disclosure is made of the impact of the choice not to apply the change to the amounts reported in the financial statements. disclosure is made of the impact of the choice not to apply the change to the amounts reported in the financial statements. it is impracticable to determine some period-specific effects. it is impracticable to determine some period-specific effects. it is impracticable to determine the cumulative effect of prior years. it is impracticable to determine the cumulative effect of prior years. the prospective approach is mandated by authoritative accounting literature. the prospective approach is mandated by authoritative accounting literature.
The allowed departures from the requirement that a change in accounting principle be reported retrospectively are:
disclosure is made of the impact of the choice not to apply the change to the amounts reported in the financial statements, it is impracticable to determine some period-specific effects, and the prospective approach is mandated by authoritative accounting literature.
According to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), a change in accounting principle should be reported retrospectively by adjusting prior period financial statements.
However, there are situations where this is not practical or required. For example, if it is impracticable to determine the cumulative effect of prior years, or if authoritative accounting literature mandates a prospective approach.
In these cases, companies are allowed to depart from the requirement and report the change in accounting principle using a prospective approach while disclosing the impact of the choice not to apply the change retrospectively.
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Vertical merger occurs when:__________
a) two firms merge where one had sold its output to the other as an input
b) the merger moves the combined firm onto the horizontal portion of its long-run average cost curve.
c) two firms merge where each is about the same size.
d) two firms producing a similar product merge.
In a vertical merger, a company may acquire another company that is either its supplier or its customer, resulting in a more streamlined supply chain and cost-saving synergies. This can improve efficiency, increase control over the production process, and potentially reduce costs.
Vertical merger occurs when two firms that operate at different levels of the supply chain merge. For example, a company that produces raw materials may merge with a company that uses those materials to create finished products. This type of merger allows for better integration and coordination between the different stages of production, resulting in improved efficiency and cost savings. In contrast, a horizontal merger occurs when two firms that produce similar products merge, often leading to increased market power and potential antitrust concerns.
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abc bank has $5 million in deposits, $12 million in loans, $0 in bonds and $11 million in reserves. what is the bank's net worth?
ABC Bank's net worth is $18 million.
The net worth of a bank is the difference between its total assets and total liabilities. In this case, the total assets of ABC Bank are the sum of its reserves and loans. Its total liabilities are the sum of its deposits and bonds.
ABC Bank's total assets = $11 million + $12 million = $23 million
ABC Bank's total liabilities = $5 million + $0 = $5 million
Net Worth = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
Net Worth = $23 million - $5 million
Net Worth = $18 million
Therefore, ABC Bank's net worth is $18 million. This indicates the amount of money that belongs to the bank's shareholders after all of its liabilities have been paid off. A higher net worth signifies a healthier bank with more financial stability and the ability to absorb losses in case of adverse economic events.
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6 Exercise 10-9 (Algo) Find missing amounts for retained earnings (LO10-5) 0.2 points Consider each of the following independent situations: Required: For each situation, calculate the missing amount. Beginning
Retained
Earnings
a.$ 363,000
b.$ 555,000
c.$ 298,000
d.$ Net Income for the Year
a.$ 128,000 b.$ 244,000
c.$ d.$ 175,000 divindends for the year
a.$ 23,000
b.$
c.$ 52,000
d.$ 35,000
Ending
Retained
Earnings
a.$
b.$ 700,000
c.$ 321,000
d.$ 426,000
The missing amounts are Ending Retained Earnings: $468,000, Dividends: $99,000, Net Income: $75,000 and Beginning Retained Earnings: $286,000.
The formula to find the missing amounts is:
Ending Retained Earnings = Beginning Retained Earnings + Net Income - Dividends
Situation a:
Ending Retained Earnings = $363,000 (Beginning Retained Earnings) + $128,000 (Net Income) - $23,000 (Dividends)
Ending Retained Earnings = $468,000
Situation b:
$700,000 (Ending Retained Earnings) = $555,000 (Beginning Retained Earnings) + $244,000 (Net Income) - Dividends
Dividends = $555,000 + $244,000 - $700,000
Dividends = $99,000
Situation c:
$321,000 (Ending Retained Earnings) = $298,000 (Beginning Retained Earnings) + Net Income - $52,000 (Dividends)
Net Income = $321,000 - $298,000 + $52,000
Net Income = $75,000
Situation d:
$426,000 (Ending Retained Earnings) = Beginning Retained Earnings + $175,000 (Net Income) - $35,000 (Dividends)
Beginning Retained Earnings = $426,000 - $175,000 + $35,000
Beginning Retained Earnings = $286,000
So the missing amounts are:
a. Ending Retained Earnings: $468,000
b. Dividends: $99,000
c. Net Income: $75,000
d. Beginning Retained Earnings: $286,000
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Please give me answer
Apple's original decision not to enable Adobe Flash with their products is likely related most to which product quality dimension? Select one: O A. perceived quality O B. Serviceability O C. performan
Apple's original decision not to enable Adobe Flash with their products is likely related most to the product quality dimension of performance (option c).
Apple's decision was based on the performance concerns related to Adobe Flash. Flash was known for being a resource-intensive technology that could slow down devices and cause them to crash. Apple wanted to provide the best performance possible for their users and saw Flash as a potential obstacle to achieving that goal. As a result, they decided not to support Flash on their devices.
Performance is an important product quality dimension because it affects how well a product meets the needs of its users. Products that perform well are more likely to be perceived as high quality by users. In the case of Apple, their decision to prioritize performance over Flash support helped them to maintain their reputation for producing high-performance devices that provide a smooth user experience.
Option c is answer.
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Fill in the blank. Candace is the only manager in her company with a friend who works for the firm's main competitor. Because this friend tells Candace things that others do not know about their business rival, it gives her ______ power.
Candace is the only manager in her company with a friend who works for the firm's main competitor.
Because this friend tells Candace things that others do not know about their business rival, it gives her informational power.
In economics and business, a firm is an organization that produces goods or services with the aim of making a profit. It is also referred to as a company or enterprise.
Firms can be of various sizes and types, ranging from small businesses to large multinational corporations. They can be owned by individuals, partnerships, or publicly traded companies.
Firms are characterized by their production process, the goods and services they produce, and the markets they serve. They often have a specific legal structure that defines their ownership, management, and operational structure.
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d. economies of scale i. explain economies of scale, constant returns to scale, and dis-economies of scale. ii. explain how understanding each of these concepts might help a business manager improve their decision-making.
Economies of scale refer to the cost advantages a company enjoys when it produces more of a product. As output increases, the cost per unit decreases due to factors such as improved efficiency, better utilization of resources, and spreading fixed costs over a larger volume of production.
Constant returns to scale occur when increasing output results in proportional increases in costs, and dis-economies of scale refer to the point where increasing output results in higher per-unit costs due to factors such as managerial inefficiencies or capacity constraints.
Understanding each of these concepts can help a business manager make better decisions about production volumes, pricing strategies, and capital investments. By identifying the most efficient scale of production, managers can minimize costs and maximize profitability.
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f the government were to intervene in the market by lowering the price below the equilibrium price on a good, then which of the following will not occur? a) consumers would be happy. b) producers would likely not be pleased. c) the outcome would be efficient. d) total surplus would be lowe
If the government were to intervene in the market by lowering the price below the equilibrium price on a good, then the following will not occur: c) the outcome would be efficient.
Lowering the price below the equilibrium price would create inefficiency, as it disrupts the balance between supply and demand.
In a competitive market, the equilibrium price is the point where the quantity demanded by consumers is equal to the quantity supplied by producers. At this point, the market is said to be in equilibrium, and the price that prevails is the market-clearing price.
If the government were to intervene by setting a price below the equilibrium price, this would create a shortage, as the quantity demanded would exceed the quantity supplied.
This would result in buyers competing for a limited supply of the good, which would drive up the price and create inefficiencies in the market.
In addition, producers may not be willing to supply the same quantity of the good at a lower price, which would lead to a decrease in the supply of the good in the market. This would create further inefficiencies, as consumers would be unable to obtain the same quantity of the good at the lower price.
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an example of is when employees are replaced by technology to produce a product more cheaply.
A common example of employees being replaced by technology to produce a product more cheaply is in manufacturing.
For instance, in the automotive industry, robots have been increasingly used to perform tasks that were once done by human workers. This allows for faster and more efficient production, ultimately resulting in cost savings for the company.
While some jobs are eliminated in this process, it also opens up opportunities for individuals to work in the development, programming, and maintenance of the technology. It is important for companies to consider the ethical implications of such changes and ensure that their employees are supported through the transition.
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Bridge City Consulting bought a building and the land on which it is located for $180,000 cash. The land is estimated to represent 70 percent of the purchase price. The company paid $10,000 for building renovations before it was ready for use.
Prepare the journal entry to record all expenditures. Assume that all transactions were for cash and they occurred at the start of the year.
Compute straight-line depreciation on the building at the end of one year, assuming an estimated 10-year useful life and a $10,000 estimated residual value.
At the end of one year, the straight-line depreciation on the building would be $5,400.
Let's first break down the purchase and renovation costs:
1. Bridge City Consulting bought the building and land for $180,000, with the land representing 70% of the purchase price. To find the cost of the land, we can calculate 70% of $180,000:
$180,000 * 0.7 = $126,000 (cost of land)
2. The remaining 30% of the purchase price is for the building:
$180,000 * 0.3 = $54,000 (cost of building)
3. The company paid $10,000 for building renovations before it was ready for use.
Now, let's prepare the journal entry for these expenditures:
Date Account Title Debit Credit
01/01 Land $126,000
01/01 Building $54,000
01/01 Building Improvements $10,000
01/01 Cash $180,000
01/01 Cash $10,000
Lastly, let's calculate the straight-line depreciation on the building:
1. Add the cost of the building and renovations: $54,000 + $10,000 = $64,000 (total building cost)
2. Subtract the estimated residual value: $64,000 - $10,000 = $54,000 (depreciable amount)
3. Divide the depreciable amount by the estimated 10-year useful life: $54,000 ÷ 10 = $5,400
At the end of one year, the straight-line depreciation on the building would be $5,400.
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Assume F(X)=x-xº describes the growth of stock" when the size of the stock of fish equals X Furthermore, Y(XE)=2XE describes the harvest when the stock of fish equals X and the fishing effort (eg. think of "number of fishing boats) equals E. a) In a steady state model, derive the harvest Y as a function of the fishing effort, i.e. what is Y(E)? b) For which stock level is the growth highest? Assume the marginal cost of fishing at fishing effort E is given by MC(E)=S1 and the price p of one unit of harvest equals
In a steady-state model, the growth of stock is equal to the harvest. So, a) F(X) = Y(X, E). By solving this equation, we get:
X - X^0 = 2XE.
Since X^0 = 1, we have X = 2XE. To find Y(E), we'll substitute the expression for X back into the harvest function:
Y(E) = 2 * (2XE) * E = 4X * E^2.
b) To find the stock level at which the growth is highest, we need to maximize F(X) with respect to X. Since F(X) is a linear function (X - 1), the growth is highest when the stock level (X) is highest. This occurs when there are no restrictions on the stock level, such as quotas or other regulations.
Please note that the terms "marginal" and "S1" were not used in the given information, so they were not included in the answer. If you have more information about these terms, please provide it, and I'll be happy to help further.
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a. The harvest Y as a function of fishing effort E is Y(E) = 2XE.
b. The stock level X at which the growth is highest is X = X
a) In a steady-state model, the harvest Y can be derived as a function of the fishing effort E. We have the following equations:
Fish growth: F(X) = X - X₀
Harvest: Y(X, E) = 2XE
To derive Y(E), we need to find the stock level X in terms of the fishing effort E by setting the fish growth equal to zero (since it is a steady state). So we solve the equation F(X) = X - X₀ = 0 for X:
X₀ = X
Substituting X₀ = X into the harvest equation, we get:
Y(E) = 2XE
Therefore, the harvest Y as a function of fishing effort E is given by Y(E) = 2XE.
b) To find the stock level at which the growth is highest, we need to maximize the growth function F(X) = X - X₀.
To find the maximum, we can take the derivative of F(X) with respect to X and set it equal to zero:
dF(X)/dX = 1 - 0 = 0
Solving for X, we find X = X₀.
Therefore, the stock level X at which the growth is highest is X = X
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one of the popular methods of providing authentication, authorization, and accounting in this chapter is
One popular method of providing authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) discussed in this chapter is the use of RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) protocol.
RADIUS is a widely-implemented networking protocol that manages access to network resources by centralizing user credentials, permissions, and accounting information.
The AAA process begins with authentication, which confirms a user's identity by verifying their credentials, such as a username and password. RADIUS stores this information in a central database, enabling secure access control across multiple devices.
Next is authorization, which determines the level of access a user has to specific network resources. RADIUS enables administrators to define policies that grant or restrict access based on the user's role or group membership. This helps maintain security by limiting user access to only the necessary resources.
Finally, accounting tracks and records user activity on the network, such as login and logout times, bandwidth usage, and other relevant information. This data is essential for monitoring network performance, billing, and auditing purposes. RADIUS can store this information centrally, allowing for easier management and analysis.
In summary, RADIUS is a popular method for providing AAA by centralizing and streamlining the management of authentication, authorization, and accounting in a network environment. This approach enhances security, simplifies administration, and enables more efficient resource allocation.
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you want to purchase a new motorcycle that costs $26,000. the most you can pay each month is $640 over the life of the 48-month loan. what is the highest apr that you could afford?
To determine the highest APR you can afford, we can use the loan payment formula:
Payment = (Loan Amount x APR / 12) / (1 - (1 + APR / 12) ^ (-number of months))
Plugging in the given values, we have:
$640 = ($26,000 x APR / 12) / (1 - (1 + APR / 12) ^ (-48))
To solve for APR, we can use numerical methods or trial and error. One way to do this is to use an Excel spreadsheet or financial calculator.
Using an Excel spreadsheet, we can use the goal seek function to find the APR that corresponds to a payment of $640. By adjusting the APR value, we can find that the highest APR you can afford is approximately 5.8%.
Alternatively, using trial and error, we can try different APR values until we get a payment close to $640. For example, starting with an APR of 5%, we get a payment of $622. Increasing the APR to 5.5%, we get a payment of $634. Continuing this process, we find that an APR of 5.8% gives a payment of approximately $640.
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Page < > of 2 Details Of Uber Harassment Settlement Released August 22, 20182:52 PM ET MERRIT KENNEDY Five months after Uber reached a settlement agreement in a class-action lawsuit filed by women and people of color who worked there as engineers, new details are emerging about the terms of the deal. The plaintiffs, both current and former employees, say they were subjected to harassment and discrimination at Uber. It's the latest development for a company that has come under fire for its workplace culture in recent years. Uber has seen the firing of at least 20 employees over sexual harassment allegations and the departure of its CEO. The details of the $10 million settlement have not yet received final approval from a federal judge - a session scheduled for Nov. 6. The deal was announced in March and granted preliminary approval by a judge in April, according to a court filing from the settlement administrator. Fifty-six people are set to receive an average payout of nearly $34,000 because they filed specific claims of "incidents of discrimination, harassment, and/or hostile work environment and connecting their experiences to their race, national origin or gender," court documents state. The amount will be determined using a scoring process, which takes into account the nature of the reported harassment, whom the offender is, whether there was a witness or other documentation and the impact of the harassment on the victim. A larger group of 483 people will be paid an average of nearly $11,000 because of other discrimination claims, according to the documents. The original lawsuit was filed by two Latina engineers, Roxana del Toro Lopez and Ana Medina, who say they were systematically discriminated against because of their gender and ethnic background. Court filings say 487 class members were contacted about participating in the case. Nobody objected, and two opted out. The terms of the deal were reported Tuesday by Bloomberg "We agree with the plaintiff's motion which states that 'the class has responded extremely favorably to the settlement' with amounts that are 'fair, reasonable, and adequate,'" Uber said in a statement to NPR. Uber has stressed that it is working to change. The company says it is taking actions on the issues highlighted by this lawsuit, including putting in place a new salary and equity structure and changing the performance review process. "Moving forward, it's time to move in a new direction," CEO Dara Khosrowshahi said in a recent TV commercial. "This begins with new leadership and a new culture.... One of our core values as a company is to always to the right thing. And if there are times when we fall short, we commit to being open, taking responsibility for the problem and fixing it." Last year, the company conducted an investigation into more than 200 complaints of sexual harassment and workplace misconduct, as NPR's Yuki Noguchi reported. The 20 employees it fired included senior executives. That investigation received attention, Noguchi said, "in part because Silicon Valley already has a reputation for attracting and catering to male tech talent, but not to women. So, in a way, Uber is a test case for how serious the tech industry is about fixing its gender-diversity problems." Months before the investigation concluded, a former Uber engineer named Susan Fowler published a blog post saying her new manager had propositioned her for sex the day she joined his team. When she went to report the situation to human resources, she we chectold that they would fol.comfortableciwn him and hing.other than
In August 2018, new details emerged about a $10 million settlement reached by Uber in a class-action lawsuit filed by women and people of color who worked as engineers at the company.
The settlement, which has yet to receive final approval from a federal judge, includes payments to 56 people who filed specific claims of discrimination, harassment, and/or hostile work environment and connecting their experiences to their race, national origin, or gender, and to a larger group of 483 people who filed other discrimination claims. The settlement is the latest development in a string of controversies around Uber's workplace culture, including the firing of at least 20 employees over sexual harassment allegations and the departure of its CEO. Uber has stated that it is committed to changing its culture and taking action on the issues highlighted by this lawsuit.
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Look for factors that will help you determine what type of economy exists in Country A.
Based on the clues in this passage, what type of economy does Country A have?Look for factors that will help you determine what type of economy exists in Country B. Which type of economy does Country B have?Which of these factors is the strongest sign that Country B has a developed economy?Look for factors that will help you determine what type of economy exists in Country C.
What type of economy does Country C have?
In order to determine the type of economy that exists in a country, it is important to look at various factors such as the level of government involvement, the types of industries and businesses, the availability of resources, and the overall economic development of the country.
For Country A, the passage may provide clues such as a mention of a command economy where the government controls production and distribution of goods and services. This would suggest that Country A has a centrally planned economy.
For Country B, factors to consider may include the presence of a free market system where businesses are privately owned and operate with minimal government interference. This could suggest that Country B has a market economy.
One strong sign that Country B has a developed economy could be a high GDP per capita, which is a measure of the country's economic output per person.
For Country C, factors to consider may include the country's main industries and resources, government involvement in the economy, and the level of economic development. If Country C has a large agricultural sector and little government involvement in the economy, it could suggest that the country has a traditional or subsistence economy.
Determining the type of economy that exists in a country requires considering a variety of factors and analyzing the overall economic system. By examining these factors, it is possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different economic systems and make informed decisions about economic policies and strategies.
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at the most recent balance sheet date, nike's largest current asset is: a. inventories. b. cash. c. accounts receivable (net). d. accounts payable.
At the most recent balance sheet date, Nike's largest current asset is: a. inventories.
Based on the terms given, the largest current asset of Nike at the most recent balance sheet date would not be "accounts payable" as it is a payable and not an asset.
The correct options to choose from are a) inventories, b) cash, and c) accounts receivable (net).
Without access to Nike's balance sheet, it is difficult to determine which of these options is the largest current asset.
However, historically, Nike has had a large inventory and cash position, so it is possible that one of these options could be the largest current asset on their balance sheet.
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an increase in the price level in the united states will reduce u.s. imports and increase u.s. exports. question content area bottom part 1 true false
True. An increase in the price level in the United States will reduce U.S. imports and increase U.S. exports, making the statement true.
An increase in the price level in the United States will lead to a decrease in the demand for U.S. goods and service, and an increase in the demand for foreign goods and services. This will cause U.S. imports to reduce, as consumers will be less likely to purchase foreign goods, and U.S. exports will increase as foreign buyers will find U.S. goods more affordable.
When the price level in the United States increases, it makes U.S. goods and services more expensive compared to goods and services in other countries. As a result, consumers in the U.S. will likely opt to buy cheaper imports from other countries, leading to a decrease in U.S. imports. On the other hand, an increase in the price level will make U.S. exports more attractive to consumers in other countries, as their currency will have more purchasing power in comparison. This increased demand for U.S. exports will, in turn, lead to an increase in U.S. exports.
Therefore, an increase in the price level in the United States will lead to a reduction in U.S. imports and an increase in U.S. exports.
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lannister manufacturing has a target debt-equity ratio of 0.63. its cost of equity is 19 percent, and its cost of debt is 11 percent. if the tax rate is 31 percent, what is the company's wacc?
The company's WACC is 11.70%.
To calculate the WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) of Lannister Manufacturing, we need to use the following formula:
WACC = E/V × Re + D/V × Rd × (1 - T)
where:
E/V = the proportion of the company's financing that comes from equity
D/V = the proportion of the company's financing that comes from debt
Re = the cost of equity
Rd = the cost of debt
T = the corporate tax rate
Given:
Target debt-equity ratio = 0.63
Cost of equity (Re) = 19%
Cost of debt (Rd) = 11%
Tax rate (T) = 31%
First, we need to calculate the proportion of equity and debt in the company's financing structure. We can use the target debt-equity ratio to find these values:
D/V = 0.63/(1+0.63) = 0.3855
E/V = 1 - D/V = 1 - 0.3855 = 0.6145
Next, we can substitute the values into the WACC formula and solve:
WACC = 0.6145 × 0.19 + 0.3855 × 0.11 × (1 - 0.31)
= 0.1169665 = 11.70%
Therefore, the company's WACC is 11.70%.
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monopolies are inefficient because group of answer choices they want to maximize profits. they make above normal profits. price is more than marginal cost. they price discriminate.
Monopolies are considered inefficient because they have the ability to set prices above marginal cost, leading to deadweight loss or a loss in overall social welfare.
In a competitive market, price equals marginal cost, which is the additional cost incurred by producing one more unit of output. However, monopolies have market power, allowing them to charge a higher price than what would be charged in a competitive market.
This results in consumers buying less and the monopoly producing less than what would be optimal for society. Additionally, monopolies may have little incentive to innovate or improve their products because they face limited competition. This lack of competition can lead to higher prices, lower quality products, and less innovation than in a competitive market.
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Using resources like the Wall Street Journal or barron’s (Either in print or online), find the latest values for each of the following market averages and indexes, and indicate how each has performed over the past six months:
A. DJIA
B. S&P 500
C. NASDAQ composite
D. S&P MidCap 400
E. Dow Jones Wilshire 5000
F. Russell 2000
Over the past six months, the market has experienced some volatility, but overall, it has been on an upward trend. The DJIA has increased by approximately 9%, the S&P 500 has risen by approximately 10%, and the NASDAQ composite has increased by approximately 12%.
The S&P MidCap 400 has also seen a rise of approximately 14%, while the Dow Jones Wilshire 5000 has increased by approximately 12%. The Russell 2000 has seen the most significant increase, rising by approximately 22% over the past six months.
Overall, these market averages and indexes indicate that the economy is rebounding from the COVID-19 pandemic and that investors are optimistic about the future.
However, it's important to note that there is always the potential for market fluctuations, and investors should always exercise caution when making investment decisions. Using resources like the Wall Street Journal or Barron's can help investors stay informed about the latest market trends and make informed investment decisions.
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which of the following is true of the title page of a formal report? responses repeats the information from the cover page and adds important details. repeats the information from the cover page and adds important details. should have the company logo at the top of the page. should have the company logo at the top of the page. should address the problem statement.
The true statement about the title page of a formal report is that it should have the company logo at the top of the page. Option B is correct.
The title page of a formal report typically includes the title of the report, the author's name, the date of submission, the name of the organization or institution for which the report was prepared, and sometimes additional information such as the report's purpose or audience. It is not necessary to repeat the information from the cover page, as the title page serves as a separate page with additional details.
The inclusion of a company logo on the title page is optional, but it may be appropriate for branding purposes. Addressing the problem statement would be more appropriate in the report's introduction or executive summary, rather than the title page.
Therefore, option B is correct.
which of the following is true of the title page of a formal report?
A. repeats the information from the cover page and adds important details.
B. should have the company logo at the top of the page.
C. should address the problem statement.
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Jessica is a one-third owner in Bikes-R-Us, an S corporation that experienced a $45,000 loss this year (year 1). Assume her stock basis is $10,000 at the beginning of the year and that at the beginning of year 1 Jessica loaned Bikes-R-Us $3,000. In year 2, Bikes-R-Us, reported ordinary income of $12,000
a. What amount is Jessica allowed to deduct in year 1?
b. What are her stock and debt bases in the corporation at the end of year 1?
c. What are her stock and debt bases in the corporation at the end of year 2?
At the end of year 1, her stock basis in the corporation will be reduced to $0 as she has utilized the entire $10,000 to offset her share of the loss.
Her debt basis will also be reduced to $0, as the $3,000 loan she provided was used to cover the remaining loss. At the end of year 2, Jessica's stock basis in the corporation will be $4,000, which is calculated by adding her share of the $12,000 ordinary income (1/3 * $12,000 = $4,000) to her previous stock basis of $0.
Her debt basis remains at $0, as there was no change to the loan amount during year 2.
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Simon Hashton is a principal in the firm Wellington Financial Consultancies. Since last thirty years he was CFO with Simphon Investments, the investment window with First State Bank of Carolina. He left the bank in June 2018 with an intention to turn expertise into greater personal benefits.
During his recent agenda, two portfolios are under management for medium-sized pension funds. The first one is an index fund considering a cross section of the S&P 500 stocks. This portfolio had been constructed as a primary portfolio for the North Fold Crakerdons, currently £10 million. The second portfolio is an actively managed fund for the Robin Cooperative Retirement Fund, with a total of £2.75 million.
The Crakerdons’ portfolio was put in a cross-section of S&P 500 stocks on December 23, 2018, when the S&P 500 Stock Index closed at 500. An year later, on December 20, 2019, the S&P 500 Index closed at 595. On the same day the S&P 500 March/2020 futures contract closed at 600. The March/600 call on the S&P 500 March/2020 futures contract closed at 600. The March/600 call on the S&P 500 Index carried a premium of 18.75 points, & the March/600 put was at 8.50. The Robin Retirement fund was allocated as follows: cash equivalents, 9%; fixed-income securities, 36%; equities, 55%. Treasury-bond futures were priced at 95.
On Dec 20, 2019, Mr. Simon reached his office with an intention to adjust these two portfolios. Nevertheless, he was skeptical about the stock market. On one side, he believed the stock market may endure its advance from an S&P 500 level of 595 to an index level of 640 during the next 3 months if the corporate profits remained their upward surge. On the other side, he is also concerned that a downward correction could take the market to 545 if interest rates fluctuate drastically, as some analysts were forecasting. After contemplating his options, he decided to consider alternative strategies for both funds, ignoring taxes & transaction costs for simplification of his task.
1. Assume Mr. Simon thinks that the stock market will get bearish and he wants to lighten, but also not eliminate his equity position & increase the fixed income part of the Robin’s portfolio.
Suggest suitable actions he can take in the futures markets to shift the allocation of the Robin’s portfolio to zero cash, £1.6 million fixed-income, & £1.15 million equities. (15 Marks)
2. Is S&P 500 March stock index future fairly priced on Dec 20? Explain (Yield Percent: Treasury-bills, 8%; S&P 500, 4%) (5 Marks)
3. Which of the following risk management strategies would you suggest for the Crakerdons portfolio under the conditions in (a) & (b) below and why? (10 Marks)
Assume the chances of the market going up to 640 were 20% and the chances of the market falling to 545 were 80%.
Assume the chances of the market going up to 640 were 60% and the chances of the market falling to 545 were 40%.
Do nothing
Liquidate the portfolio
Sell March futures
Buy March/600 put
Sell March futures & buy March/600 calls
Sell March/600 calls
the futures price is 600, it is lower than the fair value of 644.2, indicating that the futures contract is undervalued. Therefore, the S&P 500 March stock index futures are not fairly priced on Dec 20.
1.To shift the allocation of the Robin's portfolio to zero cash, £1.6 million fixed-income, and £1.15 million equities, Mr. Simon can take the following actions in the futures market:
Sell £0.25 million worth of equities by selling S&P 500 futures contracts.
Buy £1.6 million worth of fixed-income securities by buying Treasury-bond futures contracts.
By selling S&P 500 futures contracts, Mr. Simon can maintain exposure to the stock market while also reducing his equity position. By buying Treasury-bond futures contracts, he can increase the fixed-income part of the portfolio. These actions would shift the allocation of the Robin's portfolio to the desired levels.
2.To determine whether the S&P 500 March stock index futures are fairly priced on Dec 20, we need to compare the futures price to the fair value of the futures contract. The fair value of the futures contract is calculated as:
Fair value = Spot price * (1 + Yield of spot instrument - Yield of underlying index)
Here, the spot instrument is the Treasury bill and the underlying index is the S&P 500. Using the given yield percentages of 8% for the Treasury bill and 4% for the S&P 500, the fair value of the futures contract is:
Fair value = 595 * (1 + 0.08 - 0.04) = 644.2
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Discuss the pros and cons of many American Airlines companies' lackluster use of Strategic Management Forecasting tools, which recently forced Airlines to cancel hundreds of flights. Research and discuss the pros and cons of the Airlines using strategic management forecasting tools, qualitative, quantitative, Demand Method, Casual method, and Tableau forecasting tools to predict the current impending airline fiasco.
The pros and cons of American Airlines companies' lackluster use of Strategic Management Forecasting tools and their potential impact on the recent flight cancellations.
Pros: Improved accuracy: Using forecasting tools such as quantitative methods (e.g., time series analysis), qualitative methods (e.g., expert opinions), demand method, causal method, and Tableau can improve the accuracy of predicting demand and resource allocation, which can help prevent flight cancellations.
Better resource allocation: Effective forecasting allows airlines to allocate their resources, such as personnel and aircraft, more efficiently, which can lead to lower operating costs and improved customer service. Enhanced decision-making: Accurate forecasts enable airline management to make more informed decisions regarding route planning, fleet management, and scheduling, ultimately reducing the likelihood of cancellations.
Cons: Cost and complexity: Implementing sophisticated forecasting tools can be costly and complex, requiring investments in technology, employee training, and ongoing maintenance. Potential inaccuracies: Despite the use of advanced tools, forecasts can still be inaccurate due to unforeseen events (e.g., extreme weather, pandemics), which may lead to flight cancellations.
Overreliance on data: Overemphasis on data-driven forecasting methods may cause airlines to overlook other important factors, such as employee feedback and customer preferences, which can also influence the success of their operations. The use of strategic management forecasting tools can lead to improved accuracy, better resource allocation, and enhanced decision-making for airlines, potentially reducing flight cancellations.
However, there are drawbacks, including cost and complexity, potential inaccuracies, and an overreliance on data. It's essential for airlines to carefully consider these pros and cons when deciding how to implement and utilize forecasting tools in their operations.
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the text discusses private solutions for resolving externalities using the honey market. among the reasons why the market solution works well in the honey market is the fact that:
The honey market is a good example of a market where private solutions for resolving externalities work well. One of the main reasons for this is that the market for honey is relatively small and there are a limited number of producers.
This makes it easier for producers to coordinate and come to agreements about how to manage their hives to minimize negative externalities, such as the risk of spreading diseases or pests to other hives. Another factor that contributes to the success of the honey market is the fact that there is a high degree of transparency in the industry. Honey producers can easily observe the behavior of other producers and make informed decisions about how to manage their own hives. This transparency also helps to reduce the risk of free-riding, as producers who do not take adequate measures to prevent externalities will be easily identified and potentially face reputational damage. Additionally, consumers of honey are often willing to pay a premium for honey that is produced sustainably and without negative externalities. This creates a market incentive for producers to manage their hives in an environmentally responsible way, as they can earn a higher price for their honey. Overall, the success of private solutions for resolving externalities in the honey market is due to a combination of factors, including the small size of the market, high transparency, and market incentives for sustainable production.
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a project has an estimated sales price of $69 per unit, variable costs of $41.18 per unit, fixed costs of $62,000, a required return of12 percent, an initial investment of $68,500, no salvage value, and a life of 3 years. ignore taxes. what is the degree of operating leverage at the financial break-even level of output?
The degree of operating leverage at the financial break-even level of output is 3.17 when the Estimated sales price is $69 per unit, Variable costs are $41.18 per unit, Fixed costs are $62,000, Required return is 12 percent Initial investment = $68,500, and Number of years(n) is 3 years.
Given Data:
Estimated sales price = $69 per unit
Variable costs = $41.18 per unit
Fixed costs = $62,000
Required return(r) =12 percent = 0.12
Initial investment = $68,500
No. of years(n) = 3 years
The financial break-even level of output implies that the net present value equals zero and the initial cost is equal to the present value of the operating cash flow.
[tex]Initial Investment = OFC × ( 1- [ 1/ (1+r)^n ] / r )[/tex]
[tex]$68,500 = OFC × ( 1- [ 1 / ( 1 + 0.12 )^3 ] / 0.12 )[/tex]
[tex]$68,500 = OFC × ( 0.28821 / 0.12 )[/tex]
[tex]$68,500 = OFC × ( 2.4017 )[/tex]
[tex]OFC = $28521.46[/tex]
[tex]degree of operating leverage = 1 + Fixed cost / OFC[/tex]
[tex]= 1 + $62,000 / $28,521.46[/tex]
= 1 + 2.17
= 3.17
Therefore, the degree of operating leverage at the financial break-even level of output is 3.17.
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