Fireflies are a group of insects that possess a lantern organ composed of numerous light-producing cells (photocytes) in their abdomens. The light is produced by a chemical reaction involving the light-emitting organic compound luciferin. In each photocyte, luciferin is activated in an ATP-dependent reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme luciferase. In the presence of oxygen, the activated luciferin emits light as it is converted to oxyluciferin. The flashes of light are controlled by neurons that innervate the lantern organ. Activated neurons stimulate the release of nitric oxide (NO), an inhibitor of the electron transport chain.

Required:
Identify the main source of the ATP used for activating luciferin

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The main source of the ATP used for activating luciferin are the mitochondria of the Photosite cells.

Explanation:

Fireflies are organisms that emit cold light by the process of bioluminescence. It is a chemical reaction of male individuals to attract the females that also respond by emitting light.

Luciferin is the molecule responsible for light emission. The chemical reaction involves the luciferin molecule, ATP molecule, enzyme luciferase, and oxygen molecule. Luciferin, the responsible molecule for light emission, is transformed into oxyluciferin by the enzyme luciferase. The enzyme consumes oxygen and ATP, which is the principal source of energy in living beings. Finally, a light of about 560 nm is released.

luciferin + ATP + luciferase + O₂ → oxyluciferin + AMP + CO₂+ luciferase + light

Almost the entire amount of energy involved in the reaction turns into luminous energy. ATP used for this light production process comes from the photosite´s mitochondrial electronic chain, responsible for the organism´s energy production.

Photosites are the cells responsible for light production, and many of their mitochondria are placed near the plasmatic membrane to catch oxygen.

Oxygen gets in the organisms through the lantern trachea. During the respiration process, photosites consume oxygen. Mitochondria placed in the cell periphery near the cell membrane catch the oxygen molecules and produce ATP. ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation is involved in the production of oxyluciferin, turning into AMP.

Posteriorly, the oxyluciferin molecule is recycled back to luciferin. This process shows how chemical energy turns into luminous energy.

Answer 2

ATP comes from the breakdown of glucose in mitochondria of the cell in the process of aerobic respiration.

The main source of ATP that is used for the activation of luciferin comes from the breakdown of glucose molecules in the mitochondria which is also known as powerhouse of the cell. The fireflies or other insects do aerobic respiration which is responsible for the production of ATP molecules in the presence of oxygen.

A chemical reaction that occur inside fireflies enables them to light up through a process called bioluminescence. A glow is emitted when oxygen, calcium, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and luciferin pigments combines in the presence of the enzyme luciferase so we can conclude that ATP comes from the breakdown of glucose in mitochondria of the cell in the process of aerobic respiration.

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Related Questions

During which moon phase do spring tides occur?

Answers

During a full or new moon, when the Earth, moon and sun align, spring tides form, creating higher and lower than normal tides. During the first- and third-quarter moon phases, when the moon and sun are at right angles to the Earth, neap tides occur, creating low and high tides with minimal difference in heights.

Answer:

full moon and new moon

Explanation:

took the test

Two types of cultivation systems

Answers

Answer:

Today, there are two divisions of agriculture, subsistence and commercial, which roughly correspond to the less developed and more developed regions.

Explanation:

Hope this helps      :)

Question 4 (1 point)
Which of the following is NOT an endotherm adaptatioon to changes in seasons?


change of body temperature
layers of fat
hiberntion
shivering muscles

Answers

Answer:

3

Explanation:

What was the ecosystem from which the first terrestrial animals emerged?

Answers

Terrestrial ecosystems (tetrapods)
Carboniferous
However, the anatomy of the first tetrapods reveals that they remained subservient to the aquatic habitats present on the continents (rivers, streams, ponds) in order to integrate literally terrestrial ecosystems only from the Carboniferous (-345 million years).

____________ demonstrate that during the evolution of the whale, the whale moved from land into the sea.

Answers

Answer:

fossils

Explanation:

Answer:

Fossils

Explanation:

Fossils can be used to determine that whales evolved to live in the sea.

PLEASE HELP!!!!!!
The bicarbonate buffer equation suggests that for every CO2 which reacts with water, we form one H+ and one HCO3-.However, after CO2 is added to the blood in systemic capillaries, I observe a lot more HCO3- in the plasma than H+. what happened to the H+ that was produced?​

Answers

Be d. Te tbnt y y ygfddf

Statement best summarizes Gregor Mendel's contribution to science?

1: Mendel formulated a hypothesis and then tested it

2: Mendel coined the word genes to describe inherited traits

3: Mendel found evidence that there are two factors for each trait

Answers

3 is the Awnser I think
Mendel found evidence that there are two factors for each trait

Explain why you should never eat mushrooms you find in the woods unless you know for certain which type of mushrooms they are.

Answers

Answer:

Because some of them are posinous/venomous and aren't edible

When antibodies cause antigens to agglutinate, it allows them to be disappointed of by phagocytes more easily true or false?

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

if you need explanation tell me :D

The movement of materials in and out of a cell that uses no cell energy is...

A: mitosis
B: diffusion
C: active transport
D: photosynthesis

Answers

Answer:

diffusion

Explanation:

A major factor in changing the frequencies of the genes in the gene pool
of a population is
A) domestication
B) migration
C) asexual reproduction
D) random mating

Answers

Answer: b

Explanation:

Genetic drift refers to these fluctuations in relative allele frequency that may occur more frequently or less frequently throughout time. Rarely occurring alleles are more likely to be lost in small populations, where genetic drift typically takes place. Thus, option B is correct.

What frequency of genes in the gene pool affect migration?

Migration impacts the genetic makeup of the resident population to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the amount of migration and the difference in allele frequencies between the resident and migrant populations.

Therefore, A major factor in changing the frequencies of the genes in the gene pool of a population is migration. Gene flow is the movement of alleles through human migration from one group to another.

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clasificatoin of hormones​

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

Hormones are substances that administer the human body having several different and essential functions for the proper functioning of the body. There are several different types of hormones and they are classified into four groups called peptides, steroids, amines and eicosanoids.

Peptides are hormones that have 3-20 amino acids. Among these hormones we can mention insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.

Steroids are hormones produced from cholesterol. Among them we can mention Cortisol, Aldosterone and Testosterone.

Amine hormones are those that are released into the thyroid and adrenal glands. These hormones circulate freely in the blood. Among them are epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Eicosanoids are the hormones derived from arachidonate. Among them are the hormones called prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes.

1. Why is it important to conduct a market survey?​

Answers

Market surveys are influential in understanding where to test new products or services. Market surveys provide marketers a platform to analyze the scope of success of upcoming products and make changes in strategizing the product according to the feedback they receive.

Anthropologist recently discovered skull fragments from a previosly unknown primate. the mandible of the skull is shown below with mandibles of other known primates why would scientist use the fossil revords to help them determine the sprcies of uninown primates

Answers

Answer:

I need points but I hope you get the correct answer

Explanation:

:)

How many kinds of elements are used in carbon dioxide

Answers

Answer:

2

Explanation:

Answer:

2

Explanation: oxygen atoms and one carbon

Tom walked into your office and said he'd been looking forward to talking with you. He said, "I've been feeling really good lately, really good...powerful, strong." Tom, a 54-year old man, was smiling and a bit wide-eyed as he began the conversation. "I'm feeling a real sense of purpose, like I was put here to help people," he said. Tom got further into his recent revelations, going so far as to say he felt "like Jesus Christ, in a way." Tom stood up with excitement as he continued to escalate emotionally and with his gestures. At no point was he threatening, but he was far more animated than ever before. As the conversation progressed, Tom told you that he was thinking about you and how powerful you were, too. He said you were like Thor with his hammer and that the two of you could really do good in the world. Then, giggling and gleeful, he admitted that he was thinking that he actually was Jesus Christ and that he wanted you and your powerful hammer to help him save humanity from those who were trying to control him.

What might you do or say next?

What are your diagnostic impressions of Tom?

Answers

Answer:

I dont really understand what you want me to do??

Explanation:

A student wants to use western blotting to confirm the presence of human Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in samples run on SDS-PAGE and transfered to a nitrocellulose membrane. The antibody reagent box in their lab contains Mouse anti-Shh MAb and Chicken anti-mouse IgG-HRP. What substrate will they need in order to perform colorimetric detection of Shh on their western blot

Answers

Answer:

BCIP/NBT

Explanation:

BCIP/NBT is a colorogenic substrate used for AP. AP stands for alkaline phosphatase. When they are catalyzed with this alkaline, we would have a product that has a dark blue or probably a purple color. NBT stands for nitro blue tetrazolium. Both of these work as substrate for the reaction. BCIP oxidizes BCIP to form this color.

How does the Sun heat the Earth?

Explain your answer in your own words.

Answers

Explanation:

The sun heats the earth through radiation. Since there is no medium (like the gas in our atmosphere) in space, radiation is the primary way that heat travels in space. When the heat reaches the earth it warms the molecules of the atmosphere, and they warm other molecules and so on.

For each of the following terms related to regulation of the cell cycle, briefly describe how that term functions in normal cells. Then, describe how that term may be disrupted in the context of cancer cells. a. density-dependent inhibition i. normal cells – ii. cancer cells – b. anchorage dependence in. normal cells – ii. cancer cells – c. growth factors i. normal cells – ii. cancer cells

Answers

Answer:

- Density-dependent inhibition refers to the mechanism by which cells limit their density due to cell-cell contacts. Cancer cells may not undergo density-dependent inhibition, while normal cells exhibit density-dependent inhibition.

- Anchorage dependence refers to the mechanism by which cell stop their division after they form a single layer on a substrate. Cancer cells may not undergo anchorage dependence and therefore they continue to divide, while normal cells undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)

- Growth factors are signaling molecules (often proteins and peptides) that promote cell division. Overexpression of these factors may lead to carcinogenesis (i.e., the proliferation of cancer cells), while the expression of these factors is normal in normal cells.

Explanation:

Density-dependent inhibition is the mechanism exhibited by normal cells which stops cell division once a threshold density value is reached. In general, cancer cells lost the density-dependent inhibition of growth and therefore they continue dividing. Anchorage dependence refers to the increase in the proliferation of cells that are attached to a solid surface. Most normal cells display anchorage dependence and therefore they need contact with a solid surface to proliferate, while cancer cells are independent of this attachment, proliferating and invading tissues (metastasis). Finally, growth factors are molecules capable of stimulating cell proliferation and cellular differentiation. In consequence, overexpression of growth factors may lead to cancer due to the uncontrolled division of cancer cells. Some examples of growth factors are Epidermal growth factor (EGF), Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF).

SOMEONE PLS ANSWER THIS IK THERES NO PICTURE WITH IT BUT I NEED THE ANSWER BADLY.


Do you think what you observed is evidence that genes are instructions for proteins? Why or why not?

Answers

cant you please send the image

Answer:

no

Explanation:

parents can't pass down through genes you get them for yourself

An increase in heart rate will most likely result in
O (1) a decrease in metabolic rate
O (2) an increase in pulse rate
O (3) an increase in cell division
O (4) a decrease in body temperature

Answers

Answer:

O (2) an increase in pulse rate

An increase in heart rate will most likely result in an increase in pulse rate. So, the correct answer is (B).

What is Heart?

Heart is a fist shaped organ which pumps blood throughout your body present in the centre of the chest tilted slightly towards the left. It is the primary organ of the circulatory system which pump blood around the body as the heart beats. The blood sends oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body and carries away unwanted carbon dioxide and waste products from there.

Heart has four chambers (lobes) made up of muscles- two on the left side and two on the right made up of three layers of tissue -epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. These layers are surrounded by the pericardium which a thin outer lining protecting the heart.

It circulates abut 5-8 liters of blood. Heart, blood and blood vessels together make the cardiovascular system. Blood is pumped around your body through a network of blood vessels- Arteries, Capillaries and veins. Heart has four valves which act like gates which keep the blood moving in the right direction.

Thus, an increase in heart rate will most likely result in an increase in pulse rate. So, the correct answer is (B).

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please help answer these 3! 50 points

Answers

Answer:

it may affect the animals and other tree's.

Explanation:

it may affect animals because since it is a new tree, you might not know that it may be harmful for some animals, like maybe the berries the produce are poisonous or fruits some animals are forbidden to eat. this may be a problem because some animals may accidentally eat that fruit and possibly be injured or die.

trees need sunlight and food, if another tree hopes in suddenly there would be more competition for sunlight and water, there may also be not enough water and sunlight for all the trees to share. this is a problem because if the trees can't get enough sunlight and water, they would die and this leads to a broken home for the animals living in that tree.

Answer:

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Replacing incandescent lights with compact fluorescent lights
A) would have no effect on the total energy used for lighting.
B) would save energy but not money.
C) is an example of "supply side" energy policy
D) would save both energy and money.
E) would save money but not energy.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is D (would save both energy and money)

The table lists four major groups of vertebrates, which are animals with a backbone. It also shows whether each group has four important traits.
Which pair of animals have the most similair DNA based on their shared traits?
A. A tuna and a sparrow
B. A frog and a salmon
C. A robin and a Salamander
D. A snake and a lizard.

Answers

Answer:

I believe D

Explanation:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

I just did the test

Passive immunity provides more rapid protection then does active immunity true or false

Answers

Answer:

true

This is the major advantage to passive immunity; protection is immediate, whereas active immunity takes time (usually several weeks) to develop.

hope this helps:))

I believe it’s true

1. Stomata are found on (1 point)
a flowers.
b leaves.
c stems.
d leaves, stems, and roots.

Answers

the stomata are mostly found on the under surface of plant leaves

Speckled trout and red drum both prey on mullet along the Texas coastline. Dead zones are caused by excessive nutrient pollution, along with other factors that deplete the oxygen from the water. What likely effect would increasing dead zones have on the populations of speckled trout, red drum, and mullet?

Answers

Answer:

All Three Populations Would Decrease

Explanation:

Dead zones have little to no life in them, and besides the fact that this would mean the popoulations of all of them would just be down because of this, mullet will die out due to nothing to feed on, which will make drums and trout also die out, so all of the populations would go down.

The effect that would be increasing dead zones have on the populations of speckled trout, red drum, and mullet is that the population of all three species would get decrease.

What do you mean by Prey?

Prey may be defined as an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food.

Dead zones lead to a decline in biodiversity of that area, due to the excessive nutrient pollution and depletion of oxygen. If the members of mullet species get reduced in an environment, species of speckled trout and red drum feel the shortage of food, and hence they also get eliminated or die from the surrounding.

Therefore, the effect that would be increasing dead zones have on the populations of speckled trout, red drum, and mullet is that the population of all three species would get decrease.

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In the Cori cycle, when glucose is degraded by glycolysis to lactate in muscle, the lactate is excreted into the blood and returns to the liver.

a. True
b. False

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is A. The statement is true.

Explanation:

Muscle obtains ATP from glycolysis. When exercise conditions are anaerobic, glucose is degraded to lactate. Lactate is exported into the circulation and is taken up by the liver. The liver synthesizes glucose again from lactate via the gluconeogenic pathway. These two metabolic pathways that allow the coupling of the function of two tissues is what is known as the Cori cycle. The energy cost is 4 P bonds / each glucose that travels both glycolytic-gluconeogenic pathways.

What happen when RBC added with distilled water?

Answers

Explanation:

In hypotonic environment, the water would enter into the RBC in order to reach the equilibrium or equal concentration both inside and outside of the cell, which would cause the RBC to expand, and even burst

What is the function of the type of muscle that is pictured below?
-support and movement of the skeleton
-movement of food through the digestive system
-contraction and relaxation of the heart
-generation and conduction of electrical signals

Answers

It would be support and movement of the skeleton

Answer:

answer is B

Explanation:

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