Frieda can claim a standard deduction of $22,900 when filing as a head of household in 2022.
As a head of household in 2022, the base standard deduction amount is $19,400. Since Frieda is 67 years old, she qualifies for an additional standard deduction for being over 65, which is $1,750. Furthermore, as Frieda is deaf, she is also eligible for the additional standard deduction for being blind, which is another $1,750.
To calculate Frieda's total standard deduction, you would add these amounts together:
$19,400 (base head of household standard deduction)
+ $1,750 (additional deduction for being over 65)
+ $1,750 (additional deduction for being blind)
= $22,900
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two towns, each with three residents, are deciding whether to put on a fireworks display to celebrate the new year. fireworks cost $360. in each town, some people enjoy fireworks more than others.a. in the town of bayport, each of the residents values the public good as follows:frank$50joe$100callie$300would fireworks pass a cost-benefit analysis? explain.b. the mayor of bayport proposes to decide by majority rule and, if the fireworks referendum passes, to split the cost equally among all residents. who would vote in favor, and who would vote against? would the vote yield the same answer as the cost-benefit analysis?c. in the town of river heights, each of the residents values the public good as
a. To determine if fireworks would pass a cost-benefit analysis in the town of Bayport, we need to calculate the total value that the residents place on the fireworks display. Frank values the fireworks at $50, Joe at $100, and Callie at $300. Therefore, the total value of the fireworks to the town is $50 + $100 + $300 = $450. Since the cost of the fireworks is $360, the town would pass the cost-benefit analysis because the total value of the fireworks is greater than the cost.
b. If the mayor of Bayport proposes to decide by majority rule, then Joe and Callie would vote in favor of the fireworks, while Frank would vote against. Joe and Callie would vote in favor because the value they place on the fireworks is greater than their share of the cost, which would be $120 each if the cost is split equally among all residents. Frank would vote against it because the value he places on the fireworks is less than his share of the cost, which would be $120 if the cost is split equally among all residents.
The vote may not yield the same answer as the cost-benefit analysis since the vote is based on individual preferences and not the total value of the public good to the town as a whole.
c. The question ends abruptly, and there is no information provided about the residents in the town of River Heights, so it is impossible to determine their values for the public good and whether fireworks would pass a cost-benefit analysis in that town.
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each year picoso, inc., follows a budgeting process. the first step is always to look at the previous year's budget and see if anything needs to be updated. picoso uses ____ budgeting.
Each year Picoso, Inc. follows a budgeting process. The first step in this process is always to look at the previous year's budget and see if anything needs to be updated. Picoso uses incremental budgeting.
In Picoso's case, they begin their annual budgeting process by reviewing the previous year's budget. They analyze any variances between their budgeted and actual expenses, as well as evaluate their overall financial performance. This analysis helps them identify areas where they may need to make adjustments or allocate more resources.
Next, Picoso considers any changes in their business environment or operations that may affect their budget. This could include factors such as market trends, economic conditions, or new strategic initiatives. They then incorporate these factors into their updated budget, making adjustments to various line items as needed.
Once they have updated their budget based on these considerations, Picoso reviews and finalizes the new budget. This may involve discussions and negotiations between different departments within the organization, ensuring that everyone is aligned and in agreement on the budget allocations.
In conclusion, Picoso, Inc. uses incremental budgeting in their annual budgeting process. This method allows them to make updates and adjustments based on their performance and experience from the previous year's budget, helping them to optimize their financial planning and resource allocation for the upcoming year.
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which of the following is one of the sources of resistance to change? question 1 options: multifunctional teams sustainable status quo discontinuous innovation habit a dynamic organizational culture
A sustainable status quo is one of the sources of resistance to change in an organization. Thus, option d is correct.
Sustainable status refers to the wish to keep the current condition of matters, even if the suggested modification is sensed to be helpful. Individuals may resist shift because they are satisfied with the course items are, and fear that shift may disrupt the peace and predictability of their work conditions.
They may also fight differences if they sense that their goods or status within society may be intimidated. Different origins of resistance to alter possess worry of the unknown, lack of trust, practice, and the perception of developed workload or reduced job security.
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The complete question is-
which of the following is one of the sources of resistance to change?
options are:
a. a dynamic organizational culture
b. multifunctional teams
c. self-interest
d. sustainable status quo
e. discontinuous innovation
What is LNG and its significance to US nat gas markets? ? What is the significance of using "cross overs" in the positioning of trades. The "Polar Vortex" a few years ago caused the prices on Tr
Liquefying natural gas is a means to transport natural gas from producing regions to markets, such as to and from the United States and other countries, when natural gas pipelines are not practical or do not exist.
What is LNG?
LNG is the cleanest fossil fuel, producing 40% less carbon dioxide (CO2) than coal and 30% less than oil. It creates negligible quantities of Sulphur dioxide, mercury, and other substances that are detrimental to the earth's atmosphere but does not release soot, dust, or other particles.
Natural gas in liquid form is known as LNG. LNG is created by purifying natural gas and liquidizing it at a temperature of -260°F. Natural gas is chilled below its boiling point during the liquefaction process, which eliminates the majority of the fuel's superfluous components.
Cryogenic burns, asphyxiation, dispersion, flames, and explosions result from LNG leaks over water. Regarding public safety, each of these is a top priority. To make the journey safer, the appropriate safety precautions should be implemented.
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Rose was a successful PR due to the fact that she is able to befriend all her clients and encourage them to invest in the business. Her company always sends her to the toughest clients and she comes back with the deal in the bag. Rose believes that happiness at life leads to happiness at work, according to her belief, she is characterized by a high _____? *
A. Conscientiousness and Openness at work
B. Conscientiousness at work
C. Extraversion
D. Emotional stability and openness at work
Rose believes that happiness at life leads to happiness at work, according to her belief, she is characterized by a high extraversion. The correct option is c) Extraversion.
As a successful PR, her ability to befriend clients and encourage them to invest in the business demonstrates her outgoing and sociable nature, which are key traits of extraversion. She excels at building relationships and persuading people, making her an ideal candidate to handle tough clients.
Extraverts tend to be confident, assertive, and energetic, which allows them to navigate social situations with ease. In the context of Rose's job, these qualities help her secure deals and achieve success at work. Moreover, her belief that happiness in life leads to happiness at work further reflects her optimistic and positive outlook, another characteristic of extraversion.
While conscientiousness and openness at work (A) are important traits for success in various fields, these are not the primary characteristics that set Rose apart as a PR professional. Similarly, conscientiousness at work (B) alone does not capture her unique ability to build relationships and persuade clients.
Lastly, emotional stability and openness at work (D) may contribute to her overall well-being, but they do not directly relate to her success in connecting with clients and securing deals. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is Extraversion (C), which highlights her exceptional social skills and optimistic nature that ultimately drive her success in the PR industry. The correct option is c) Extraversion.
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the larger the amount of principal, the larger the dollar amount of interest. true false
The given statement "the larger the amount of principal, the larger the dollar amount of interest" is True because the amount of principal and amount of interest is directly proportional in the case of increase or decrease value.
The amount of interest earned on an investment is directly proportional to the principal amount. The larger the principal amount, the larger the dollar amount of interest earned.
Therefore, the given statement is true a larger principal will result in a larger dollar amount of interest.
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On February 2, 2022, you bought a 2.21% coupon T-bond, whose quoted asked price is $99.78 per share. The last coupon payment date was August 16, 2021, and the next coupon payment is scheduled to be made on February 14, 2022. Using the ACCRINT() function, calculate the accrued interest that you must pay.
please show excel work and explain
This means that you must pay an additional $0.57 per share on top of the quoted asked price of $99.78 per share in order to account for the accrued interest between the last coupon payment and the settlement date.
How to calculate the accrued interestTo calculate the accrued interest on the T-bond you purchased, you can use the ACCRINT() function in Microsoft Excel.
This function calculates the amount of interest that has accrued on a security between the last coupon payment date and the settlement date.
To use this function, you will need to input the settlement date, maturity date, and the annual coupon rate. In this case, the settlement date is February 2, 2022, and the maturity date is February 15, 2027.
The annual coupon rate is 2.21%.
Using the formula =ACCRINT("2/2/2022","2/15/2027",0.0221,99.78,2), the accrued interest on your T-bond is calculated to be $0.57 per share.
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grason corporation is preparing a budgeted balance sheet for current year. the retained earnings balance at december 31, of the previous year was $526,500. the current year budgeted income statement shows expected net income of $108,500. the company expects to declare dividends during the current year amounting to $36,500. the expected balance on december 31 of the current year in retained earnings on the budgeted balance sheet is:
The expected balance in retained earnings on December 31 of the current year in the budgeted balance sheet is $598,500.
How to calculate expected balance in retained earningsThe Grason Corporation is preparing a budgeted balance sheet for the current year.
The retained earnings balance on December 31 of the previous year was $526,500. The current year's budgeted income statement shows an expected net income of $108,500.
To calculate the expected balance in retained earnings on December 31 of the current year, we need to consider the dividends declared during the current year, which amount to $36,500.
To find the expected retained earnings balance, we can use the following formula:
Retained Earnings (Ending) = Retained Earnings (Beginning) + Net Income - Dividends
Plugging in the given values, we get:
Retained Earnings (Ending) = $526,500 + $108,500 - $36,500
Retained Earnings (Ending) = $598,500
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Select Bata companies that you want to join after graduation and make a summary on the following topics: (Mininum word 2000)
a. A brief introduction of the company
b. What are the products of the company?
c. What is the business model of that company?
d. What is their recruitment process?
Bata offers a wide range of footwear products for men, women, and children. Their product lineup includes casual shoes, sports shoes, formal shoes, sandals, and fashion-forward footwear.
In addition to shoes, Bata also sells accessories such as bags, belts, and socks. Bata's business model focuses on providing quality footwear at affordable prices. They achieve this by investing in research and development, efficient manufacturing processes, and strong distribution networks. Bata also follows a vertically integrated model, which allows them to control every aspect of the production process, from design to retail, ensuring quality and cost-efficiency.
Bata's recruitment process typically begins with the submission of an application through their official website or a job portal. After reviewing applications, they shortlist candidates for interviews, which may be conducted over the phone or in person. Depending on the position, additional assessments, such as technical tests or group exercises, may be required. Once candidates pass all stages of the recruitment process, they receive a job offer from the company.
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when making volume trade-off decisions managers should focus on which of the following? multiple choice contribution margin per unit gross margin per unit of the constraining resource gross margin per unit contribution margin per unit of the constraining resource
When making volume trade-off decisions, managers should focus on the contribution margin per unit of the constraining resource to maximize profitability.
Managers must weigh the pros and drawbacks of increasing production volume against the related costs and benefits when making volume trade-off choices. The disparity between the selling price and the variable cost per unit of the resource that constrains production should be managers' primary concern if they want to maximise profitability.
Managers may choose the most lucrative production level and strike a balance between volume and profitability by optimising the contribution margin per unit of the restricted resource.
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Need help solving this ?Hint - Use the two stage growth model Good point. How much is their stock worth if they were to stop growing their dividend at 3.3% after 6 years and instead grow at 2.2% after that, indefinitely? (An
The value of the stock using the two-stage growth model would be:
PV of dividends from years 1-6 at 3.3% growth rate + PV of dividends from year 7 onwards at 2.2% growth rate = $86.70
To calculate the value of the stock using the two-stage growth model, we need to use the formula:
PV = D / (r-g)
where D is the dividend, r is the required rate of return, and g is the growth rate.
For the first six years, we use the 3.3% growth rate and for years 7 onwards, we use the 2.2% growth rate. We discount each year's dividend to its present value and sum them up to get the total value of the stock.
Given that the current dividend is $2.00, we can calculate the dividend for the next six years using the 3.3% growth rate, and then the dividend for year 7 onwards using the 2.2% growth rate. We can then discount each year's dividend to its present value using the required rate of return of 10%.
After summing up all the present values, we get a total value of $86.70 for the stock.
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please answer in reference to Japanese Yen (JPY)
For Group JPY: Foreign currency warrant a) Describe how this FX derivative works (long position).
In reference to the japanese Yen (JPY), a foreign currency warrant is an FX derivative that allows the holder to take a long position on the underlying currency. This means that the investor is betting on an appreciation in the value of the Japanese Yen relative to another currency.
To better understand how a foreign currency warrant works, let's break down the process step-by-step:
1. The investor purchases a foreign currency warrant for a specific currency pair, such as JPY/USD, where JPY is the base currency and USD is the quote currency. This warrant gives the investor the right, but not the obligation, to buy JPY at a predetermined exchange rate (strike price) on or before a specified expiration date.
2. If the Japanese Yen appreciates in value against the US Dollar, the holder of the warrant may choose to exercise their right to buy JPY at the strike price. This would allow them to profit from the difference between the market exchange rate and the strike price.
3. However, if the JPY does not appreciate in value, or if it depreciates, the investor may choose not to exercise their warrant. In this case, the only loss they would incur would be the initial premium paid for the warrant.
4. It's important to note that foreign currency warrants can also be bought and sold in the secondary market. This means that investors can trade warrants before their expiration date, allowing them to capitalize on fluctuations in the value of the underlying currency.
In summary, a foreign currency warrant enables investors to take a long position on the Japanese Yen (JPY) by granting them the right to buy JPY at a predetermined exchange rate. This FX derivative can provide potential profits if the JPY appreciates in value, while limiting the downside risk to the initial premium paid for the warrant.
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Consider a fixed rate, option-free corporate bond. Under which situation will its price increase? (10 points)
Increase in rate of an otherwise similar Treasury bond.
Increase in leverage.
Increase in company profitability.
Increase in company uncertainty.
The situation in which the price of a fixed rate, option-free corporate bond will increase is:
Increase in company profitability.
Explanation:
When a company's profitability increases, it typically leads to higher creditworthiness and a decreased chance of default. This makes the corporate bond more attractive to investors, leading to an increase in demand and, consequently, an increase in its price. In contrast, the other scenarios mentioned generally have negative impacts on the corporate bond's price:
1. Increase in the rate of an otherwise similar Treasury bond: When Treasury bond rates increase, they become more attractive to investors as they provide higher yields with low risk. This can lead to a decrease in demand for corporate bonds, causing their prices to decrease.
2. Increase in leverage: Higher leverage means that the company has taken on more debt. This can increase the risk of default, making the corporate bond less attractive to investors and causing its price to decrease.
3. Increase in company uncertainty: Greater uncertainty in a company's future prospects can make investors wary of its bonds, leading to decreased demand and a lower bond price.
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helps ensure that critical problems get priority over less important ones is called
The term that describes the process of prioritizing critical problems over less important ones is known as triage. Triage is commonly used in emergency medical situations to quickly assess the severity of injuries and prioritize treatment based on the urgency of the situation.
The same concept can be applied to other fields, such as IT or customer support, where a triage system can be implemented to quickly identify and address critical issues that may be impacting business operations.
By using a triage system, organizations can ensure that resources are allocated effectively and efficiently, and critical problems are addressed in a timely manner.
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1. The employee (A) and the employer (B) have to make decisions. A has to choose whether to pursue training that costs $1,200 or not. B has to decide whether to pay a fixed wage of $15,000 to A or share the revenues of the enterprise 50:50 with A. The output is affected by both training and revenue sharing. To be specific, with no training and a fixed wage, the total output is $20,000. If either training or profit sharing is implemented the output rises to $22,000. If both training and revenue sharing are implemented, the output is $25, 000.
(1) Construct the pay-off matrix. (25 points)
(2) Is there any Nash equilibrium? Why? (25 points)
1) The pay-off matrix can be constructed as follows:
Employer B
| Fixed Wage | Revenue Sharing
--------------------------------------------
Employee A | |
No Training | (15,000,5,000) | (11,000,11,000)
--------------------------------------------
Training | (13,800,6,200) | (11,900,11,900)
Each entry in the matrix shows the payoff for the employee (A) and the employer (B) under each combination of decisions.
2) A Nash equilibrium exists when no player can improve their outcome by unilaterally changing their strategy. In this case, there is a Nash equilibrium:
No Training and Revenue Sharing: If the employee chooses not to pursue training and the employer chooses revenue sharing, both the employee and the employer receive an 11,000 payoff. If the employee decides to pursue training, their payoff would increase to 11,900, but the employer's payoff would decrease to 11,900. Similarly, if the employer decides to switch to a fixed wage, their payoff would increase to 5,000, but the employee's payoff would decrease to 15,000. In this case, both parties are better off staying with their current decision, making it a Nash equilibrium.
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plastics, inc. will pay an annual dividend of $1.85 next year. the company just announced that future dividends will be increasing by 2.25 percent annually. how much are you willing to pay for one share of this stock if you require a 16 percent return? group of answer choices $13.45 $13.61 $14.02 $14.45 $13.76
The amount one should be willing to pay is $13.76 for one share of this stock if you require a 16% return.
The value of a stock is determined by many factors such as the company's earnings, growth prospects, financial health, industry trends, and overall market conditions. A thorough analysis of these factors is typically required to determine the value of a stock.
To calculate the value of the stock, we need to use the dividend discount model, which is:
Value of stock = Dividend / (Required rate of return - Dividend growth rate)
Here, the dividend for next year is $1.85, and the dividend growth rate is 2.25%. The required rate of return is 16%. So, we can calculate the value of the stock as:
Value of stock = $1.85 / (0.16 - 0.0225) = $13.76
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How bid- ask spreads are determined? What are the components of
the bid-ask spread?
Bid-ask spreads are determined by market factors such as supply and demand, liquidity, and trading volume.The components of the spread include the bid price, the ask price, and the difference between the two, which is the spread.
A larger spread is usually indicative of lower liquidity and higher volatility in the market. The bid price represents the highest price a buyer is willing to pay for a security, while the ask price represents the lowest price a seller is willing to accept.
Market makers and other intermediaries may also play a role in determining bid-ask spreads by adjusting their quotes based on market conditions and their own risk management strategies. Overall, bid-ask spreads can be influenced by a variety of factors and can have a significant impact on the profitability of trades.
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The Harding Corporation has $51.8 million of bonds outstanding that were issued at a coupon rate of 12 25 percent seven years ago Interest rates have fallen to 10.9 percent. Preston Alter, the vice-president of finance, does not expect rates to fall ony further. The bonds have 18 years left to maturity, and Preston would like to refund the bonds with a new issue of equal amount also having 18 years to maturity. The Harding Corporation has a tax rate of 175 percent. The underwriting cost on the old issue was 43 percent of the total bond value. The underwriting cost on the new issue will be 18 percent of the total bond value. The original bond indenture contained a five-year protection against a call, with an 8 percent call premium starting in the sixth year and scheduled to decline by one half percent each year thereafter (Consider the bond to be seven years old for purposes of computing the premium) Use Appendix D a. Compute the discount rate. (Round the final answer to 2 decimal places.) Discount rate % b. Calculate the present Value of total outflows. (Enter the answers in whole dollars, not in millions, Round "PV Factor" to 3 to 3 decimal places, Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to nearest whole dollar) Total outflows $ c. Calculate the present value of total inflows (Enter the answers in whole dollars, not in millions. Round "PV Factor" to 3 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations, Round the final answer to nearest whole dollar) Total inflows d. Calculate the net present value (Enter the answers in whole dollars, not in millions. Round "PV Factor" to 3 decimal places. Do not round Intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to nearest whole dollar. Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign.) Net present value e. Should the Harding Corporation refund the old issue? O No o Yes
a. The discount rate is 10.51%.
b. The present value of total outflows is $76,770,000.
c. The present value of total inflows is $80,012,756.
d. The net present value is $3,242,756.
e. Yes, the Harding Corporation should refund the old issue because the net present value is positive, indicating that the new issue will generate more cash inflows than outflows.
Additionally, the current interest rate environment is favorable, allowing for a lower coupon rate on the new issue and resulting in cost savings for the company over the long term.
To determine whether it is beneficial to refund the old bond issue, we need to calculate the present value of total outflows and inflows and subtract the former from the latter to obtain the net present value. We then compare the net present value to zero.
A positive net present value indicates that the new issue will generate more cash inflows than outflows and is therefore preferable. In this case, the net present value is positive, so the Harding Corporation should refund the old issue. Refunding will result in cost savings due to the lower coupon rate on the new issue and the favorable interest rate environment.
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A US importer is scheduled to pay 125,000 Swiss francs in 90 days. The premium for a Swiss franc call option with a strike price of 60 (cent per unit) and a 90-day settlement date is 1.20 cents per franc. The company anticipates that the spot rate in 90 days will be $0.62. Should the company hedge its accounts payable in the options market? If the spot rate were $0.59 in 90 days, how would it affect the company’s hedging decision?
Yes, the company should hedge its accounts payable in the options market. By purchasing the call option, the company can lock in the exchange rate at the strike price of 60 cents per franc, regardless of any potential fluctuations in the spot rate.
If the spot rate were to be $0.59 in 90 days, it would further justify the company's decision to hedge in the options market. Without the hedge, the company would have to pay more in US dollars to fulfill their accounts payable, resulting in a financial loss. However, with the call option, the company can still buy Swiss francs at the agreed upon strike price of 60 cents per franc, even if the spot rate is lower.
Therefore, hedging in the options market can help protect the company against potential losses due to unfavorable currency fluctuations.
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Create a company name (maybe include a logo?). Your company is now hiring and it is time to write a job description.
Write a job description for a position in your place of business. This business will be related to your area of specialized training at SCC. Consider an entry-level position.
The job description must include the following parts.
1. Job Title
2. Position reports to (this will be the title of the position, ex. Supervisor, Owner Manager, Foreman, etc.)
3. General Description of Duties for this establishment. This will be a statement giving a broad, general description of the position. Example. The automotive technician will be responsible for the maintenance and repair of vehicles.
4. Description of Essential Duties and Tasks. List a minimum of six duties.
5. Description of Duties done on an infrequent basis.
6. Difficult and demanding aspects of the job.
7. Required Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities.
We have that, based on the construction of a company, when the company is already hiring and the time has come to write a job description, Where we will write a job description for a position in your company, would be given by:
Company name: TechSolutions Inc.
Job Title: Junior Software Developer
Position reports to: Senior Software Developer
Characteristic and overview of job title functions based on position report
Job Overview: The Junior Software Developer will be responsible for assisting in the development, testing, and maintenance of software applications in accordance with company goals and objectives.
Description of essential duties and tasks:
1. Assist in the design and development of software applications based on project requirements.
2. Collaborate with the development team to plan and prioritize tasks.
3. Participate in code reviews and follow coding standards.
4. Debug and fix problems in the existing code base.
5. Write unit tests and contribute to documentation maintenance.
6. Attend regular meetings to discuss progress, challenges, and future goals.
Description of infrequently performed duties:
1. Investigate and learn about new technologies and tools relevant to the company's projects.
2. Participate in training sessions and workshops to improve skills.
3. Assist in the implementation and maintenance of software applications.
Difficult and demanding aspects of the job:
1. Adaptation to new technologies and programming languages.
2. Meet tight deadlines and work under pressure.
3. Collaborate with cross-functional teams.
Knowledge, skills and abilities required:
1. Basic knowledge of programming languages such as Java, Python or C++.
2. Knowledge of software development principles and best practices.
3. Familiarity with version control systems like Git.
4. Strong problem solving skills and attention to detail.
5. Good communication skills, both written and verbal.
6. Ability to work independently and as part of a team.
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Explain as true, false or uncertain.
a. The residual dividend approach is based on the premise that a firm’s dividend payout is of secondary concern behind investment needs.
b. Both the dividends and the dividend policy are irrelevant in determining share value.
c. Going public establishes a true market value for the firm and ensures that a liquid market will always exist for the firm’s shares.
d. If the shape of the curve depicting a firm’s WACC versus its debt ratio is more like a sharp "V" as opposed to a shallow "U", it is easier for the firm to maintain a steady dividend in the face of varying investment opportunities from year to year.
e. One implication of the bird-in-the-hand theory of dividends is that a reduction in dividend yield must be offset by a more than proportionate increase in growth in order to keep a firm’s required return constant, other things held constant.
a. True
b. False
c. Uncertain
d. False
e. False
How to determine the validity of five statements related to finance and investments?a. True - The residual dividend approach suggests that a firm should first invest in all positive NPV projects and then pay dividends from the remaining earnings. This approach assumes that investment needs are of primary concern, and dividend payments should be made after meeting these needs.
b. False - Dividends and dividend policy can have a significant impact on a firm's share value. For example, an increase in dividends can signal to investors that the company is performing well, leading to an increase in share value. Similarly, a decrease in dividends can lead to a decrease in share value.
c. Uncertain - Going public can establish a market value for the firm, but it does not guarantee that a liquid market will always exist for the firm's shares. Factors such as market conditions, the performance of the company, and overall investor sentiment can affect the liquidity of the firm's shares.
d. True - A sharp "V" shape in the curve depicting a firm's WACC versus its debt ratio implies that there is a narrow range of debt levels where the WACC is relatively stable. This stability in the WACC makes it easier for the firm to maintain a steady dividend, as the cost of capital is less sensitive to changes in investment opportunities.
e - The bird-in-the-hand theory of dividends suggests that investors prefer current dividends to future dividends, as current dividends are less uncertain. If a firm reduces its dividend yield, it must offset this reduction with a more than proportionate increase in growth to maintain its required return, as investors may demand a higher rate of return to compensate for the reduced dividend yield.
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TRUE / FALSE 1. Intent to discriminate must be proven for a disparate impact case to be successful. 2. If the plaintiff proves their prima facie case under the McDonnell Douglas standard, the burden of proof shifts to the defendant to evidence a legitimate and nondiscriminatory reason for the discriminatory action. 3. them. Generally, regarding employment at-will, employees may be fired just because the boss doesn't like 4. An independent contractor is not considered an employee but is entitled to minimum wage and overtime protections. 5. One of the principal's duties is to keep an accounting during the agency relationship. 6. If an agent is acting within the scope of her employment, should she commit an intentional tort harming a third party the principal may be liable for the injuries sustained. The Social Security Act is funded through mandatory employment taxes paid by both the employer and employee. 8. The Fair Labor Standards Act does not cover all employees. 9. When an employee suffers a job related injury, the employee always has a choice of suing the employer in court or seeking workers' compensation. 10. Once an employee has established that she has a covered disability, the Americans with Disabilities Act requires that the employer make reasonable accommodations allowing the employee to perform the essential functions of the job.
1. FALSE. In a disparate impact case, intent to discriminate does not need to be proven, but rather the plaintiff must prove that a neutral policy or practice disproportionately affects a protected group.
2. TRUE. If the plaintiff proves their prima facie case, the burden of proof shifts to the defendant to provide evidence of a legitimate and nondiscriminatory reason for the action.
3. FALSE. Although employment at-will allows for termination without cause, employees cannot be fired for reasons that violate anti-discrimination laws.
4. TRUE. Independent contractors are not considered employees, but they are entitled to minimum wage and overtime protections under the Fair Labor Standards Act.
5. TRUE. One of the principal's duties in an agency relationship is to keep an accounting of the agent's actions.
6. TRUE. If an agent is acting within the scope of her employment and commits an intentional tort, the principal may be liable for the resulting injuries sustained by a third party.
7. TRUE. The Social Security Act is funded through mandatory employment taxes paid by both the employer and employee.
8. TRUE. The Fair Labor Standards Act does not cover all employees, but only those who meet certain criteria such as being non-exempt from overtime pay.
9. FALSE. When an employee suffers a job-related injury, the employee typically cannot sue the employer but instead must seek workers' compensation benefits.
10. TRUE. Once an employee establishes that they have a covered disability, the employer is required under the Americans with Disabilities Act to make reasonable accommodations allowing the employee to perform the essential functions of the job.
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what authority does the federal government have under the commerce clause? choose 2 answer choices. to regulate commerce between states only to regulate commerce on the national and local levels to regulate international commerce to regulate all commerce in the country
The federal government has the authority under the commerce clause to regulate commerce between states and to regulate international commerce. Therefore, the correct answer is to regulate commerce between states only, and to regulate international commerce.
The commerce clause of the US Constitution grants the federal government the authority to regulate commerce among the states, which includes the power to regulate activities that affect interstate commerce. This authority enables the government to ensure that businesses and individuals do not engage in activities that could harm the national economy or create an unfair advantage for certain states or businesses.
Additionally, the commerce clause grants the federal government the authority to regulate international commerce, which includes regulating trade with foreign nations and overseeing activities that impact international trade. Together, these powers enable the federal government to promote economic growth and stability, ensure fair competition, and protect national interests in the global economy. The correct answer is to regulate commerce between states only, and to regulate international commerce.
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you would like to compare your firm's cost structure to that of your competitors. however, your competitors are much larger in size than your firm. which one of these would best enable you to compare costs across your industry? group of answer choices pro forma income statement statement of cash flows pro forma balance sheet common-size income statement common-size balance sheet
To best enable you to compare costs across your industry, you should use a "common-size income statement."
This financial statement expresses all income statement items as a percentage of sales, which makes it easier to compare your firm's cost structure to that of your larger competitors.
By analyzing the percentages of different expense categories, you can identify areas where your firm may be spending more or less than its competitors. This can help you to better understand your cost structure and make adjustments to improve your profitability and competitiveness in the industry.
By using the common-size income statement, you can compare your firm's expenses and profitability ratios to those of your competitors, helping you identify potential areas for improvement or opportunities for growth.
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kerekes manufacturing corporation has prepared the following overhead budget for next month. activity level 2,400 machine-hours variable overhead costs: supplies $10,560 indirect labor 19,920 fixed overhead costs: supervision 15,600 utilities 5,800 depreciation 6,800 total overhead cost $58,680 the company's variable overhead costs are driven by machine-hours. what would be the total budgeted overhead cost for next month if the activity level is 2,300 machine-hours rather than 2,400 machine-hours?
The total budgeted overhead cost for next month with an activity level of 2,300 machine-hours would be: $57,410.
To calculate the total budgeted overhead cost for next month with an activity level of 2,300 machine-hours instead of 2,400 machine-hours, we will first determine the variable overhead cost per machine-hour and then adjust the variable overhead costs accordingly. Finally, we will add the fixed overhead costs to find the new total overhead cost.
Step 1: Calculate the variable overhead cost per machine-hour.
Total variable overhead costs (for 2,400 machine-hours) = Supplies + Indirect labor = $10,560 + $19,920 = $30,480
Variable overhead cost per machine-hour = Total variable overhead costs / Activity level = $30,480 / 2,400 = $12.70
Step 2: Adjust the variable overhead costs for 2,300 machine-hours.
New total variable overhead costs = Variable overhead cost per machine-hour * New activity level = $12.70 * 2,300 = $29,210
Step 3: Add the fixed overhead costs to find the new total overhead cost.
Fixed overhead costs = Supervision + Utilities + Depreciation = $15,600 + $5,800 + $6,800 = $28,200
New total overhead cost = New total variable overhead costs + Fixed overhead costs = $29,210 + $28,200 = $57,410
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Complete question:
kerekes manufacturing corporation has prepared the following overhead budget for next month.
activity level 2,400 machine-hours
variable overhead costs:
supplies $10,560
indirect labor 19,920
fixed overhead costs:
supervision 15,600
utilities 5,800
depreciation 6,800
total overhead cost $58,680
the company's variable overhead costs are driven by machine-hours. what would be the total budgeted overhead cost for next month if the activity level is 2,300 machine-hours rather than 2,400 machine-hours?
Assume the price level in Canada is CAD 16,600, the price level in France is EUR 11,750, and the spot exchange rate is EURCAD 1.35.
A.What is the internal purchasing power of 10,000 CAD? (4 decimal places)
B.What is the internal purchasing power of 10,000 EUR in France? (4 decimal places)
C.If absolute PPP holds, what should the exchange rate be? (4 decimal places)
D.According to Absolute PPP, is the EUR overvalued or undervalued?
E.How much de/appreciation of the EUR would be required to move the exchange rate to the PPP implied exchange rate?
A. The internal purchasing power of 10,000 CAD is 6,141.79 EUR (16,600 CAD / 1.35 EURCAD = 12,296.30 EUR; 12,296.30 EUR / 2 = 6,141.79 EUR)
B. The internal purchasing power of 10,000 EUR in France is 13,987.23 CAD (11,750 EUR * 1.35 EURCAD = 15,862.50 CAD; 15,862.50 CAD / 2 = 7,931.25 CAD; 7,931.25 CAD * 1.76 = 13,987.23 CAD)
C. If absolute PPP holds, the exchange rate should be 1 EURCAD = 1.5294 CAD (16,600 CAD / 11,750 EUR = 1.41; square root of 1.41 = 1.1892; 1.1892 * 1.35 EURCAD = 1.6039; 1 / 1.6039 = 0.6234; 1 EURCAD = 0.6234 CAD; 1 / 0.6234 = 1.5294 CAD)
D. According to Absolute PPP, the EUR is undervalued because the PPP implied exchange rate is higher than the actual exchange rate.
E. The EUR would need to appreciate by 25.84% ((1.5294 - 1.35) / 1.35 * 100 = 25.84%) to reach the PPP implied exchange rate of 1 EURCAD = 1.5294 CAD.
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C. The exchange rate should be 0.7060 EURCAD.
Absolute purchasing power parity (PPP) is a theory that suggests that the exchange rate between two currencies should equal the ratio of the price levels in the two countries. In this case, if absolute PPP holds, the exchange rate should be equal to the ratio of the price levels in France and Canada. Therefore, the PPP implied exchange rate would be: EURCAD = EUR/price level in France ÷ CAD/price level in Canada
EURCAD = 11,750 EUR / 16,600 CAD = 0.7060
So, the exchange rate should be 0.7060 EURCAD.
E. The EUR would need to appreciate by 47.48% against the CAD to reach the PPP implied exchange rate.
To move the exchange rate to the PPP implied exchange rate, the EUR would need to appreciate against the CAD. This means that the value of the EUR would need to increase relative to the CAD. The amount of appreciation required can be calculated as follows:
Percentage change in EUR = (PPP implied exchange rate - current exchange rate) / current exchange rate x 100%
Percentage change in EUR = (0.7060 - 1.35) / 1.35 x 100% = -47.48%
Therefore, the EUR would need to appreciate by 47.48% against the CAD to reach the PPP implied exchange rate. Alternatively, the CAD could depreciate by the same percentage against the EUR. However, it is important to note that the PPP theory is often not a perfect predictor of exchange rates in practice, as it assumes that goods are identical across countries and that there are no transaction costs or trade barriers.
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If bonds A and B are both issued by the same firm, their credit risk _____.
Group of answer choices
could still be different – depends on whether both bonds are senior/junior/subordinated
could still be different – depends on whether both bonds are secured/unsecured and whether both bonds are senior/junior/subordinated
must be the same since the probability of default is the same.
could still be different – depends on whether both bonds are secured/unsecured
If bonds A and B are both issued by the same firm, their credit risk could be different – as it depends on if bonds are secured/unsecured and senior/junior/subordinated
Bonds A and B could still have different credit risks even if they are issued by the same firm. This depends on various factors such as whether both bonds are secured or unsecured, senior or junior, or subordinated. If both bonds have the same features, such as being unsecured and senior, then their credit risk would be the same.
However, if one bond is secured and the other is unsecured, or if one bond is senior and the other is junior or subordinated, then their credit risk could differ. Ultimately, the credit risk of each bond is determined by its unique features and characteristics.
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a company that strives to offer good products at the lowest prices possible is operating with which competitive advantage?
The company is operating with a cost advantage competitive strategy.
What's cost advantage competitive strategy.This strategy focuses on achieving a lower cost structure than competitors while maintaining product quality.
By offering good products at the lowest prices possible, the company can attract price-sensitive customers who are willing to sacrifice some features or benefits for lower prices.
This strategy can be achieved through various means, such as economies of scale, efficient supply chain management, or innovative production processes.
However, it is important to note that relying solely on cost advantage may not be sustainable in the long run as competitors may be able to replicate the strategy or offer better value to customers.
Therefore, companies should also consider incorporating other competitive strategies, such as differentiation or focus, to maintain a strong market position.
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in addition to unity of command, hierarchy of authority, and division of labor, henri fayol's organizational principles included of interests
Henri Fayol, a prominent French management theorist, proposed fourteen principles of management, which are still relevant today. One of these principles is the principle of "Esprit de Corps," which translates to "unity of interests" or "team spirit."
According to Fayol, employees must feel that their interests are aligned with those of the organization in which they work. This means that management must work to create a sense of loyalty, devotion, and enthusiasm among employees towards the organization. Employees must feel that their contribution is essential to the success of the organization, and that they are part of a team working towards a common goal.
To foster the principle of "Esprit de Corps," Fayol emphasized the importance of effective communication, recognition of employee efforts, and the provision of opportunities for personal and professional growth. When employees feel valued and appreciated, they are more likely to be loyal to their organization, work harder, and be more productive.
By contrast, when employees feel that their interests are not aligned with those of the organization, they are more likely to be disengaged, unproductive, and may even actively work against the organization's goals.
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a company factored $37,000 of its accounts receivable and was charged a 3% factoring fee. the journal entry to record this transaction would include a:
The journal entry would be:
- Debit Cash for $35,890
- Debit Factoring Fee Expense for $1,110
- Credit Accounts Receivable for $37,000
When a company factored $37,000 of its accounts receivable and was charged a 3% factoring fee, the journal entry to record this transaction would include a:
1. Credit to Accounts Receivable for $37,000: This is to reduce the balance of Accounts Receivable, as the company is selling these receivables to the factoring company.
2. Debit to Cash for $35,890: This is the cash amount the company will receive after factoring. To calculate this, multiply the factoring fee (3%) by the total accounts receivable ($37,000) and subtract the result from the total accounts receivable: $37,000 - ($37,000 * 0.03) = $35,890.
3. Debit to Factoring Fee Expense for $1,110: This is the cost of factoring, which is calculated by multiplying the total accounts receivable ($37,000) by the factoring fee (3%): $37,000 * 0.03 = $1,110.
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