g An oxidized silicon (111) wafer has an initial field oxide thickness of d0. Wet oxidation at 950 °C is then used to grow a thin film gate of 500 nm in 50 minutes. What is the original field oxide thickness d0 (in nm)?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

From the information given:

oxidation of oxidized solution takes place at 950° C

For wet oxidation:

The linear and parabolic coefficient can be computed as:

[tex]\dfrac{B}{B/A} = D_o \ exp \Big [\dfrac{-\varepsilon a}{k_BT} \Big][/tex]

Using [tex]D_o[/tex] and [tex]E_a[/tex] values obtained from the graph:

Thus;

[tex]\dfrac{B}{A} = 1.63 \times 10^8 exp \Big [ \dfrac{-2.05}{8.617 \times 10^{_-5}\times 1173}\Big] \\ \\ = 0.2535 \ \ \mu m/hr[/tex]

[tex]B= 386 \ exp \Big [-\dfrac{0.78}{8.617 \times 10^{-3} \times 1173} \Big] \\ \\ = 0.1719 \ \mu m^2/hr[/tex]

So, the initial time required to grow oxidation is expressed as:

[tex]t_{ox} = \dfrac{x}{B/A}+ \dfrac{x^2}{B} - t_o (initial)[/tex]

[tex]where; \\ \\ t_{ox} = 2 \ hrs;\\ \\ x = 0.5 \\ \\ B/A = 0.2535 \\ \\ B = 0.1719[/tex]

[tex]2= \dfrac{0.5}{0.2535}+ \dfrac{0.5^2}{0.1719} - t_o (initial)[/tex]

[tex]2 = 3.4267 - t_o (initial) \\ \\ t_o(initial) = 3.4267 - 2 \\ \\ t_o(initial) = 1.4267 \ hr[/tex]

NOW;

[tex]1.4267 = \dfrac{d_o}{0.2535} + \dfrac{d_o^2}{0.1719} \\ \\ 1.4267 = 3.9448 \ d_o + 5.8173 \ d_o^2 \\ \\ d_o^2 + 0.6781 \ d_o = 0.2453[/tex]

[tex]d_o = \dfrac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}[/tex]

[tex]d_o = \dfrac{-(0.6781) \pm \sqrt{(0.6781)^2-4(1)(-0.245)}}{2(10)}[/tex]

[tex]d_o = \dfrac{-(0.6781) \pm \sqrt{0.45981961+0.98}}{20}[/tex]

[tex]d_o = \dfrac{-(0.6781) \pm \sqrt{1.43981961}}{20}[/tex]

[tex]d_o = \dfrac{-(0.6781) + \sqrt{1.43981961}}{20} \ OR \ \dfrac{-(0.6781) - \sqrt{1.43981961}}{20}[/tex]

[tex]d_o =0.02609 \ OR \ -0.0939[/tex]

Thus; since we will consider the positive sign, the initial thickness [tex]d_o[/tex] is ;

≅ 0.261 μm


Related Questions

Na + H2O = NaOH
Balance the following equation

Answers

2Na + 2H2O ——> 2 NaOH + H2

Answer:

Na+H2O =NaO+ H2

Explanation:

Because nitrogen is one , so it is balanced. And Oxygen is one,it is balanced. And Hydrogen is 2 ,and hence it is also balanced.

what career field/job would utilize ppm units
A environmental jobs
B Medical fields
C Jobs at the brewery
D Jobs in analytical chemistry

Answers

Jobs in analytical chem tht is because it’s parts per million and when calculating the amount of an element in a mole

what is a mole and its properties​

Answers

One mole of a substance is equal to 6.022 × 10²³ units of that substance (such as atoms, molecules, or ions). The number 6.022 × 10²³ is known as Avogadro's number or Avogadro's constant. The concept of the mole can be used to convert between mass and number of particles.

A solution has a [OH-] of 1.43x10-9. What is the pH of this solution?
a. 5.2
b. 8.8
C. 9.1
d. 4.9

Answers

Answer:

a. 5.2

Explanation:

pOH = -log(1.43 x 10^-9) = 8.845

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 8.845 = 5.155 ≈ 5.2

match the following ​

Answers

Answer:

Ai --> Bii

Aii --> Bi

Aiii --> Bv

Aiv --> Biii

Av --> Biv

Explanation:

For Ai, naphthalene sublimes directly from a solid to gas when heated at around 80 degree Celsius.

For Aii, Ozone has a molecular formula of O₃.

For Aiii, weeds are normally considered as "unwanted" plants. Many people may consider using herbicides to clear the weeds in their gardens.

For Aiv, filtration is a physical method for separating solid and liquid from a mixture. A filter paper is normally used, in which the complex structure of the paper only allows fluid to pass through it, but not the solid ones. The solid left behind on the filter paper is called "residue".

For Av, photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that occurs in the leaves of a plant, which produces food for plants to survive. Carbon dioxide, water and light are required for photosynthesis to take place.

A helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called a(n)
A. alpha particle
B. beta particle
C. electroscope
D. gamma ray
Clear selection

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Alpha particles,

Of the three Intermolecular forces, the type with the largest dissociation energy is ________.
A. Dipole-dipole interactions
B. Dispersion forces
C. Hydrogen bonds​

Answers

Answer:

C. Hydrogen bonds​

Explanation:

Strongest intermolecular force

Hydrogen Bonding (H-Bonding)

Hydrogen bonds are caused by highly electronegative atoms. They only occur between hydrogen and oxygen, fluorine or nitrogen, and are the strongest intermolecular force.

Answer: C hydrogen bonds

Explanation:

What is h+ concentration associated with a pH=10.2
A. 10.9
B. 6.3*10^-11
C. 3.1
D. 3.2 * 10^-3

Answers

Answer:

6.3*10^-11

no reasoning i just know thats the answer you dont have to trust me.

Solution Mass of NaCl (9) Volume of water (mL)
A
5.0
50.0
B
5.0
75.0
с
5.0
100.0
D
5.0
125.0
Which of the solutions has the highest salt concentration?
O A Solution B
B. Solution A
O
C. Solution C
D. Solution D

Answers

Divide the volume of water with mass of salt and multiply with 100 you'll get the concentration percentage

answer is B, because solution A's percentage is 10%

brainliest plz

The cell wall regulates what enters and exits the cell? True or False

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Answer:No, the Cell Membrane does I'm pretty sure

Explanation:

2.0M Propionic Acid HC3H5O2 Dissolves In Distilled Water. If It Has A Ka Of 1.3*10-5, What Is The Final PH?

The base ethylamine C2H5NH2 has a Kb of 5.6*10-4. What will the pH be in .53 molar solution?

Answers

Answer: first you have to calculate the amount ionized. We will say it is x mol / L

then % ionization = (amount ionized / initial concentration) * 100%

x can be calculated using an ice chart

HC3H5O2           -----> H+    + C3H5O2-

Initial HC3H5O2 = 0.250  

change              = -x

equilibrium         = 0.250 - x

initial H+            = 0

change              = +x

equilibrium         = x

C3H5O2- initial   = 0

change              = +x

equilibrium         = x

Ka         = [H=][C3H5O2-] / HC3H5O2]

 1.3 * 10 ^ -5    = [x][x] / (0.250 - x)  

So 1.3 * 10 ^ -5 * (0.250 - x)   = x ^ 2  

     3.25 * 10^ -6 - (1.3 * 10^-5)x = x^2   now this is a quadratic equation and you have to rearrange it and solve for x

x^2 + 1.3 * 10^-5)x - 3.25 * 10^ -6 = 0

use the equation x = {-b (+ or -)[b^2 - 4.a.c] ^ 1/2} / 2a

you should get x = 1.80 * 10 ^ -3 or x = -1.80* 10^-3

but x can not be negative..

so x = 1.80 * 10 ^ -3

so percent ionization = (1.80 * 10 ^ -3 / 0.250) * 100%

                               =0.72 %

the other way which is more easier is  

assuming that x is very small and therefore 0.250 - x is approximately equals to 0.250  

then 1.3 * 10^-5 = x^2 / 0.250

so x^2    = 1.3 * 10^-5 * 0.250

        x   = 1.80 * 10 ^-3

then percent ionization is = (1.80 * 10 ^ -3 / 0.250) * 100%

                               =0.72 %

if the percent ionization is > 5 % you can not do that approximation. in such a case you have to solve the quadratic equation. that is why I showed both methods.

now you can do the parts b and c

b answer : percent ionization = 1.27 %  

c answer : 2.54%

good luck

how do you melt water FREE 100 POINTS

Answers

Answer:

by adding heat

Explanation:

Adding heat can cause ice (a solid) to melt to form water (a liquid). Removing heat causes water (a liquid) to freeze to form ice (a solid).

by adding heat

when water was changes to soild or a gas , we say change to a different state of the matter. Even though the waters physical from change its molecular stay the same

A certain metal M forms a soluble nitrate salt M(NO3), Suppose the left half cell ofa galvanic cell apparatus is filled with a 4.00 M solution of M (NO,), and the right half cell with a 20.0 mM solution of the same substance. Electrodes made of M are dipped into both solutions and a voltmeter is connected between them. The temperature of the apparatus is held constant at 35.0 °C.

Required:
a. Which electrode will be positive?
b. What voltage will the voltmeter show?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The left electrode will be positive on the grounds that focus on the concentration that the cell electron moves from a lower concentration fixation to a higher concentration. Thus right electrode will go about and act as an anode and will be negative.  Also, the left electrode will be the cathode and will be positive.

The concentration cell [tex]E_{Cell} = \dfrac{-0.0591}{1} log \dfrac{0.02}{4}[/tex]

[tex]E_{Cell} =0.136 V[/tex]

         = 136 mV

what is the molecular formula of a compound with the empirical SO and molecular weight 96.13?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation: A compound with the empirical formula SO has a molecular weight of 96.13

If 22.4L = I moles How many liter of CO2 are produced if you produce 9.6 moles of CO2?

Answers

Answer:

215 moles

Explanation:

[tex]9.6mol CO_{2} (\frac{22.4 L CO_{2}}{1 mol CO_{2}} ) = 215 L CO_{2}[/tex]

Consider the fatty acid. A carboxylate salt is attached to a 19 carbon chain, where double bonds are present between carbons 5 and 6, between carbons 8 and 9, between carbons 11 and 12, and between 14 and 15. The carboxylate carbon is carbon 1. All double bonds are cis. Which of the designations are accurate for the fatty acid

Answers

Answer:

ω-3 fatty acid and 19:4(Δ5,8,11,14)

Explanation:

From the image attached below:

We can see the structure of the delta nomenclature showing the numbers of carbons, numbers of double bonds, and the locations of the double bonds in the structure of the carboxylate salt.

Also, we can see the structure of the fatty acid where; the location of the first double bond from the methyl end is shown.

Hence, the designation which are accurate for these structures are:

ω-3 fatty acid and 19:4(Δ5,8,11,14)

I don’t understand please help

Answers

It’s C)H2SO4
Good luck
I agree the answer is C according to my research about it


Which general equation represents an endothermic reaction?
A. reactants - energy - products + energy
B. reactants
products + energy
C. reactants + products - energy
D. reactants + energy
products

Answers

Explanation:

The general equation for an endothermic reaction is: Reactants + Energy → Products.

Hope it helps :)❤

The equation represents an endothermic reaction is reactants + energy

products.

What is an endothermic reaction?

Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions in which the reactants soak up warm strength from the surroundings to form products.

net energy is not released.heat is not evolved with the product.heat is required to start the reaction.increase with the increase in temperature.decrease with a decrease in temperature.

Learn more about the endothermic reaction here:-https://brainly.com/question/6506846

#SPJ2

when forces act in equal and opposite directions the net force is and the object

Answers

Answer:

Equal forces acting in opposite directions are called balanced forces. Balanced forces acting on an object will not change the object's motion. When you add equal forces in opposite direction, the net force is zero.

Explanation:

What do scientists mean when they refer to population

Answers

population is the number of species living in a given area if this is regarding biology or earth studies :)

The number of people

The force of gravity can act between two people.
True or false??

Answers

False

Gravitational force is the force between two bodies irrespective of the presence of any objects between them,

You have 281 kilojoules how many kilocalories is it need to know ASAP

Answers

67.116 kilocalories is the answer

Calculate the molarity of a solution that contains 3.00x10-2 mol NH4Cl in exactly 450 cm3 of solution.

Answers

Answer:

0.06moles/litres

Explanation:

molarity = no of moles / volume in litres = 3.00*10^-2/(450/1000)=0.06 moles/litres

Answer:

0.07mol/dm^3

Explanation:

Please mark as brainliest

- Explain why the term greenhouse effect is used to describe the theory of global
warming.
Does the greenhouse effect affect life on Earth? If yes, explain how?
What are the possible effects of a buildup of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere?

Answers

The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere. It is one of the things that makes Earth a comfortable place to live.

Advise a friend who responds to conflict by using the strategies below on why
each (strategy) is not healthy for sustaining positive relationships.
a. Confrontation​

Answers

Answer:

When there is a conflict and if a friend responding to conflict with confrontation it may affect positively or negatively both ways depend how he responds or confront the other person he has a conflict with. But normally people alienate with the person being confrontational. A friend should try to resolve the conflict by making an amicable solution.

if it is used correctly it could help in making the relationship strong, however, confronting by attacking them verbally, insult them, or talking loudly among the group of people can escalate the conflict.

I will advise him to be cautious of the approach as it may positively or negatively affect the situation.

What is Confrontation?

This is the process which involves directly engaging one another in the course of a dispute between them.

This method however could either resolve the conflict or worsen it which is why special approach should be taken by being calm and being respectful to the other party involved.

Read more about Confrontation here https://brainly.com/question/1004819

ionization of sodium dichromate​

Answers

Explanation:

this is the answer of your question .

hope it helped you

What is the atomic mass of hafnium if, out of every 100 atoms, 5 have a mass of 176, 19 have a mass of 177, 27 have a mass of 178, 14 have a mass of 179, and 35 have a mass of 180.0? Answer with 2 decimals

Answers

Answer:

178.36 a.m.u

Explanation:

5 have a mass of 176,

5/100 * 176 = 8.8

19 have a mass of 177

19 / 100 * 176 = 33.44

27 have a mass of 178

27 / 100 * 178 = 48.06

14 have a mass of 179

14 / 100 * 179 = 25.06

35 have a mass of 180.0

35 / 100  * 180 = 63

Atomic Mass = 8.8 + 33.44 + 48.06 + 25.06 + 63

Atomic Mass = 178.36 a.m.u

depression what are the effects to the brain

Answers

Depression can affect a person psychologically, it also has the potential to affect physical structures in the brain. These physical changes range from inflammation and oxygen restriction, to actual shrinking. Depression can impact the central control center of nervous system. Depression can cause amygdala to enlarge. This is a part of the brain associated with emotional responses. When amygdala becomes larger and more active, it causes sleep disturbances, changes in activity levels, and changes in other hormones.

The mass of a salt in grams that will dissolve in 100 mL of water.

____________ A solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of a compound at a given temperature. Any further addition of salt will remain undissolved.
_________ The product of the molarities of the dissolved ions, raised to a power equal to the ion's coefficient in the balanced chemical equation.
__________ A decrease in the solubility of an ionic compound as a result of the addition of a common ion.
__________ The maximum number of moles of a salt that will dissolve in 1 L of solution.

a. A decrease in the solubility of an ionic compound as a result of the addition of a common ion.
b. The mass of a salt in grams that will dissolve in 100 mL of water.
c. A solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of a compound at a given temperature. Any further addition of salt will remain undissolved.
d. The product of the molarities of the dissolved ions, raised to a power equal to the ion's coefficient in the balanced chemical equation.
e. The maximum number of moles of a salt that will dissolve in 1 L of solution.

Answers

Answer:

Solubility  : The mass of a salt in grams that will dissolve in 100 mL of water

Saturated solution : A solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of a compound at a given temperature. Any further addition of salt will remain undissolved

Solubility product constant :The product of the molarities of the dissolved ions, raised to a power equal to the ion's coefficient in the balanced chemical equation

Common ion effect : A decrease in the solubility of an ionic compound as a result of the addition of a common ion

Molar solubility : The maximum number of moles of a salt that will dissolve in 1 L of solution

Explanation:

Solubility is expressed usually as the mass of solute per 100 grams or 100 ml of solvent.

Molar solubility of a solid is expressed as the concentration of the dissolved solid in a saturated solution.

Solubility product constant is defined as the equilibrium constant in which a solid ionic compound is dissolved to produce its ions in solution. It is represented as  

The common-ion effect is the decrease in solubility of a sparingly soluble salt by the addition to the solution of a soluble compound with an ion in common with the precipitate.

Saturated solution is defined as the solution in which no more solute particles can be dissolved in the solvent.

The heat of a reaction may be found with the equation q=mc triangle T. A 951 g sample of carbon steel with a specific heat capacity of 0.49 J/(g*K) is heated to 673K and quenched in oil. The steel cools to 523K. Assuming there is no heat lost to the surroundings, calculate the heat absorbed by the oil. A) -69.9kj B) -31.5kj C) 69.9 kJ D) 71.2 kj

Answers

Answer:b

Explanation:

Answer:

C.

Explanation:

I took the quiz and made a 100

Other Questions
What is solar thermal energy used to do? heat homes provide both heat and power to homes neither heat homes or provide power to them power homes why has population growth effect on environment and nature? I need help with this its hard for me What literary element drives the plot and keeps the reader reading 1.1LKR(2)1.2R(2)1.3N[6] they are tall strong youth and their eyes are like fireflies Which of the following statements about Greek society is true?A.The Greeks practiced a monotheistic religion.B.Female citizens had the same rights as men.C.Slavery was against the law in Greece.D.Each Greek city-state had a patron god.Please select the best answer from the choices providedABCD The cost of leveling a square park at Rs.15 per square meter is Rs.6000. Then the side of the square is ________. * Jasmine ran 4.5 miles on Monday and 3.66 miles on Tuesday. How many miles did she run on Monday than on Tuesday? Write an equation, and draw a model to support your thinking. Two sides of a triangle have side lengths of 6 inches and 14 inches. Select all measurements that could be the length of the third side of this triangle Which table correctly shows all the sample spaces for tossing a coin to get heads and rolling a number on a six-sided number cube? Coin Number cube Outcome Tails 1 Tails, 1 Tails 2 Tails, 2 Tails 3 Tails, 3 Tails 4 Tails, 4 Tails 5 Tails, 5 Tails 6 Tails, 6 Coin Number cube Outcome Heads 1 Heads, 1 Heads 2 Heads, 2 Heads 3 Heads, 3 Heads 4 Heads, 4 Heads 5 Heads, 5 Heads 6 Heads, 6 Coin Number cube Outcome Heads 1 Heads, 2 Heads 2 Heads, 4 Heads 3 Heads, 6 Tails 4 Tails, 2 Tails 5 Tails, 4 Tails 6 Tails, 6 Coin Number cube Outcome Heads 2 Heads, 1 Heads 4 Heads, 3 Heads 6 Heads, 5 Tails 2 Tails, 1 Tails 4 Tails, 3 Tails 6 Tails, 5 I need help with AP history HELP I NEED THIS DONE FAST! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST! Write a two page essay in German identifying the Nazi customs in ww2. BRAINLIEST FOR CORRECT ANSWER!!!!!!!!!What's the difference between 1st degree murder, 2nd degree murder, and 3rd degree murder?? bought a computer for ra 25000double column cash book with discount and cash column Why does the human body need proteins Help me in this pls !!!! How would I solve it? I know the formula but not sure how to apply it. Karl used his credit card to buy a 90-inch HD flat-screen TV for $2,600. The credit card company charges 28% compound interest per year. If Karl made no payments for 2 years, how much would he owe the credit card company? thx in advance Which phrase best completes the diagram?Goals of Social PolicyProviding citizens withhealth careMaking sure childrenare educated?A. Adjusting national interest ratesB. Helping peopklwho live in povertyC. Increasing funding for the militaryD. Encouraging banks to give out loans