Answer:
Since you did not provide the specific molecules, here are some ways that glucose is used for synthesis:
Protein molecules - Glucose regulates protein synthesis through AMPK (Activated Protein Kinase) pathways. AMPK is activated by cellular energy via changes in AMP levels resulting from energy.
Gluconeogenesis Pathway - The process where glucose is synthesized using pyruvate and lactate precursors from non-carbohydrate metabolites, amino acids, and glycerol (derived mainly from metabolized fat).
Fatty Acids - Metabolized into pyruvate using glycolysis in the cytoplasm, oxidized pyruvate generates ATP in the mitochondria. During the fed state the glycolytic products synthesize fatty acids through lipogenesis.
Amino Acids & Lipids - Through photosynthesis in plants, glucose joins with nitrates in the soil to create amino acids. The amino acids combine during protein synthesis and glucose is converted to lipids within the plant seeds.
Explanation:
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describe what happens during crossing over and what the benefits are of producing genetically diverse offspring.
Using the theories of crossing over, we got that producing genetically diverse off spring benefits species a better chance of surviving in an unpredictable or changing environment.
Crossing over is exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which actually results in new allelic combinations in the daughter cells.
Each diploid cell contains two copies of every chromosome, one derived from maternal gamete and the other from paternal gamete. These pairs of chromosomes, are derived from one parent, are called homologous chromosomes. When the diploid organisms undergo sexual reproduction, they first produce haploid gametes through meiosis.
Hence,the benefits of producing genetically diverse offspring by crossing over is that it benefits species a better chance of surviving in an unpredictable or changing environment.
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a golf course superintendent discovered the apparent mutation that was subsequently marketed as merion kentucky bluegrass. True or False
The statement that a golf course superintendent discovered the apparent mutation that was subsequently marketed as Merion Kentucky bluegrass is True.
What is the origin of Merion Kentucky bluegrass?Kentucky bluegrass development began with Joe Valentine, the superintendent in Merion Golf club in Pennsylvania discovered the mutation of a large patch of bluegrass. It was found that the patch performed better than the common grass types found on other parts of the course.
It was later marketed with the name of the golf club. Merion Kentucky bluegrass is also known as soft meadow grass or common meadow grass.
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If a dna sequence is altered from tagctga to tagtga, what kind of mutation has occurred?.
If a DNA sequence is altered from TAGCTGA to TAGTGA, then the kind of mutation that has occurred is deletion.
In the field of biology, such a mutation in which a single nucleotide or more than one nucleotide has been removed or eliminated from the DNA sequence is referred to as a deletion mutation. In the scenario above, as the nucleotide cytosine (C) is being eliminated, hence it is a deletion mutation.
A deletion mutation can also cause an entire chromosome to disappear.
A deletion mutation might occur due to many factors. Sometimes, an environmental or chemical hazard can cause a deletion mutation. Other times, it might happen that during DNA replication, an error might occur due to which one or more nucleotides are missed during the time of replication.
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A mineral is able to scratch your fingernail but not glass. We can conclude:
Group of answer choices
the mineral is harder than your fingernail but softer than the glass
the mineral will exhibit cleavage
the mineral was once an igneous rock and is therefore hardened lava
the mineral is softer than your fingernail but harder than the glass
Answer:
the mineral is softer than your fingernail but harder than glass
Explanation:
i think that's the answer
which solvent is a commonly used to extract all the lipids from homogenized tissue samples and subsequent separation of the lipids from the proteins and sugars present in those samples?
Solvents that are used to extract the lipids from homogenized tissue samples and subsequent separation of the lipids from the proteins and sugars present are methanol and chloroform.
How are lipids extracted?Lipids are extracted using solvent-based techniques. In some cases, solvents are subjected directly into cell pellets, but in other cases, solvents are employed during disruptions of cell.
Lipids are insoluble in polar solvents like water but highly soluble in non-polar or weakly polar organic solvents like ether, chloroform, benzene, and acetone.
The Bligh and Dyer method is a widely practiced methods for lipid extraction. It is very similar to the Folch method, but differs in solvent/solvent and solvent/tissue ratios.
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How can the problem of pollution in the shatt al-arab river be solved
Answer: The conflict started first off because of people dumping solid waste and sewage into the river. So in order to resolve this conflict people should really just stop littering waste into the river which damages it and causes pollution which is just the thing that we need right now.
Explanation: I hope this helps!!!!!!!!!!
true or false: the 1988 yellowstone fires were a tragedy that permanently destroyed many unique habitats.
Yes the 1988 yellowstone fires were a tragedy that permanently destroyed many unique habitats and environment.
The Greater Yellowstone Area, which covers 4.8 million hectares of "primarily public land in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho," is where the actual fires took place. The fires, which were burning at varying intensities, burned a lot of lodgepole pines and other trees but mostly spared most other plants. When coupled with the summer drought conditions, some of the northern range burnt, which had an impact on the habitat and winter survival of grazing animals. Fires significantly changed the habitat , environment and food production of Yellowstone in many other ways as well.
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when fenesha broke her ankle, the doctor gave her a drug that eased her pain by binding with endorphin receptors. the drug that she took is an endorphin: a. agonist b. antagonist c. reuptake inhibitor d. stimulant
The drug that she took with the doctor's advice was an endorphin stimulant.
When your body experiences stress or pain, endorphins are hormones that are released. They're created in the brain and serve as messengers throughout the body. Endorphins are created to help with pain relief, stress reduction, and mood enhancement. The drugs that we take when we feel pain is generally an endorphin stimulant, usually opioids, that help us relieve pain.
A group of peptides known as endorphins are produced by the pituitary gland and the central nervous system. The opiate receptors in your brain are activated by these neurotransmitters, which also have the potential to act as hormones.
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1) During the 1950's, several scientists were responsible for discovering the structure of DNA. One scientist, Erwin Chargaff, found that in DNA, the ratios of adenine (A) to thymine (T) and guanine (G) to cytosine (C) are always equal. What does Chargaff's discovery indicate about the structure of DNA and its impact on replication? All BUT ONE choice could apply.
A.)Adenine pairs with thymine; guanine with cytosine.
B) The base pairing facilitates DNA replication and RNA transcription. Eliminate
C) When pairing nucleotides, you must pair a purine with a pyrimidine.
D) If we read the sequence of nucleotides on one strand of DNA, we can identify the complementary sequence on the other strand.
Chargaff's discovery about the structure of DNA and its impact on replication is associated with the observation that adenine pairs with thymine; while guanine pairs with cytosine (Option A).
What is the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule?The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is a double helix molecule composed of two chains of nucleotides (adenine or A, guanine or G, cytosine or C and thymine or T) linked via hydrogen bonds, where A pairs with T via two hydrogen bonds, while C pairs with G via 3 hydrogen bonds.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule adenine pairs with thymine while cytosine pairs with guanine.
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in horses, crossing a chestnut brown horse with a creamy white horse can result in a palomino horse that is light brown in color (see below). this is an example of:
Example is Incomplete dominance leads to the inheritance of the palomino coat color in horses.
How does incomplete dominance differ from codominance?There are two different types of genetic inheritance: full dominance and codominance. Codominance basically means that neither allele is able to suppress or obstruct the expression of the other allele. However, incomplete dominance occurs when a dominant allele only partially obscures the effects of a recessive gene.
How can you determine if something has partial dominance?When a dominant allele, or form of a gene, does not entirely block the effects of a recessive allele, the resultant physical appearance of the organism reveals a mixing of both alleles. It is also referred to as partial or semi-dominance.
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the equilibrium potential for potassium is about -90 mv. if potassium channels remained open and all other ion channels were closed, the voltage inside a neuron would be
The voltage inside a neuron would be about +66mV.
Voltage-gated potassium ions (VGKC) are membrane channels that are responsible for repolarizing the depolarized cell after each nervous impulse. As a result, they play a key role in modifying neuronal activity in the CNS and the peripheral nervous system.
The potassium channels with two pore domains are made up of a dimer of protein, each with four transmembrane segments. These 'leaky channels' are always open, contributing to the plasma membrane's substantially increased permeability to K+.
Potassium channels participate in membrane repolarization, which occurs after depolarization by sodium and, in certain circumstances, calcium channels during in the nerve impulse; this is required for restoring the membranes to a negative resting state and terminating the action potential signal.
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the topology of membrane proteins can often be predicted by computer programs that identify which kind of topogenic segment?
Hydrophobic topogenic segment.
The number and approximate locations of the transmembrane segments of a protein's topology of an integral membrane protein's sequence, as well as the protein's general orientation in a membrane, are described.
Computer programs that recognize hydrophobic tropogenic portions within the amino acid sequence and genetic hydropathy profiles may frequently predict the structure of membrane proteins with high accuracy.
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List three factors that affect climate and tell what conditions they modify
The three factors that affect climate include the following below:
Ocean currents.Wind and air masses.Altitude.What is Climate?This is referred to as the atmospheric condition of a place in a long time and is affected by different types of factors such as ocean currents, altitude etc.
The ocean current is responsible for the distribution of heat and moisture all around the world. It can also store radiations from the sun which helps prevents its uneven distribution.
Wind and air masses are also among the factors because they are involved in the movement of a weather pattern such as heat etc from one place to another. People living in areas which have a high altitude means they have a very cold climate due to the presence of low air pressure.
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which of these contain phytochemicals? a) tomatoes b) egg yolks c) fish d) all of the above
(D) All the above contains phytochemicals.
Fruits and vegetables, whether fresh or processed, are among the most significant sources of phytochemicals in the human diet. So far, around 200,000 phytochemicals have been found, with 20,000 of them originating from fruits, vegetables, and cereals.
Plants use phytochemicals to defend themselves, which means they help protect budding buds and sprouts against pollution, insects, and the weather. That most of these protective properties are passed on to us when we consume fruits and vegetables rich in phytochemicals.
Phytochemicals are non-nutritional bioactive ingredients that are primarily accountable for scavenging harmful radicals following oxidative stress by producing antioxidants, which are the root cause of the majority of chronic illnesses.
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during the winter, you become sick with the flu. shortly after that, you become sick with strep throat. will the same type of b-cells that fought the pathogen that causes the flu fight the pathogen that causes strep throat?
The statement is false that the same type of B cell that fought the pathogen that causes flu will fight the pathogen that causes strep throat.
Flu is a type of viral infection that infects the respiratory system of the body. The virus responsible for flu is influenza virus. These can be inhaled in the form of tiny droplets. The symptoms of the disease are: fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches, etc.
B cells are the type of lymphocytes that provide the humoral adaptive type of immunity. B cells are highly specific in nature and each type of B cell recognizes one specific type of antigen and fights against it.
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A person who is homozygous for type a blood and a person who is homozygous for type b blood will have offspring with type ab blood. What relationship exists between the a and b alleles?.
The association that exists between the a and b alleles is called codominance. A genetic phenomenon known as codominance occurs when two alleles are expressed to the same degree by an organism.
What does a biological organism mean?Living things with the capacity for reproduction, growth, and homeostasis are referred to as biological organisms. Taxonomy divides species into specific groupings, such as unicellular microorganisms like protists, bacteria, and archaea, or multicellular organisms like animals, plants, and fungus.
What two categories do organisms fall under?Prokaryotic and eukaryotic are the two primary categories of organisms. This differentiation is based on the type of cells that make up the organism. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and have a very basic structure that is indicative of their primitive nature.
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You are designing a gene therapy to replace a defective fibrillin gene, which is 22,000 bp long and is important in preventing macular degeneration. Based on your knowledge and resources available from class, which vector is best to use?.
Adenovirus Vector is best to use in this case which is about 22,000 bp long and is also important in preventing macular degeneration.
In molecular biology research, a viral vector is a genetic sequence derived from a virus, such as an adenovirus, that is utilized to express a specific nucleotide sequence, in this case, the fibrillin gene used in gene therapy.
As a result of these findings, we can see that an adenovirus, for example, maybe the most effective viral vector for expressing nucleotide sequences longer than 20 kb.
The majority of adenoviruses cause respiratory disease. The diseases include bronchitis, pneumonia, croup, and colds. Adenoviruses, depending on the kind, can also lead to additional conditions such as gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, and, less frequently, neuropathy. Most infections with adenoviruses last between a few days and 1-2 weeks. Severe infections can linger longer and produce symptoms that recur such as coughing. For instance, when changing an infected person's diaper, some adenoviruses can spread through feces. Although it happens very seldom, adenoviruses can also spread through water or in swimming pools.
The complete question is:
You are designing a gene therapy to replace a defective fibrillin gene, which is 22,000 bp long and is important in preventing macular degeneration. Based on your knowledge and resources available from class, which vector is best to use?
(A). Cosmid
(B). Ri plasmid
(C). Ti plasmid
(D) Adenovirus
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a person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. which of the following brain areas is most likely injured? responses cerebellum cerebellum hypothalamus hypothalamus parietal lobe parietal lobe frontal lobe frontal lobe corpus callosum
( will give brainliest and 5 stars)which of the following terms best describe meiosis? select four that apply
The four terms that best describe meiosis are gametes, 4 cells produced, independent assortment and genetic variation.
The type of cell division that takes place in sexually-reproducing organisms is called meiosis. In this process, a single gametic cell undergoes division twice to form four daughter cells, each containing only half the genetic information of the parent cells.
Recombination between the gametes i.e., exchange of genetic material between them, occurs in Prophase 1 of meiosis, which gives rise to genetically varying cells. The chromosomes then move to opposite poles and segregate independently of each other to form gametes and this process is called independent assortment.
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in the mystery urinalysis lab, which suspect's microscopic evaluation indicated calcium oxalate crystals?
In the mystery urinalysis lab, Brad suspect's microscopic evaluation indicated calcium oxalate crystals.
What do you mean by urinalysis?A urine test is known as a urinalysis. It is used to identify and treat a variety of illnesses, including diabetes, renal disease, and urogenital infections. A urinalysis involves examining the color, consistency, and composition of urine.
What is microscopic evaluation?The first identification of herbs, the identification of minute fragments of crude or powdered herbs, the detection of adulterants (such as insects, animal feces, mold, fungi, etc.), and the identification of the plant by distinctive tissue features all require microscopic analysis. Every plant has a unique tissue structure, which can be seen by examining how the tissues are arranged and how the cell walls and configuration are when the plant is appropriately mounted in stains, reagents, and media. With a drop of phloroglucinol and strong hydrochloric acid, lignin stains crimson or pink. Starch and hemicellulose are dyed blue by N/50 iodine solution, while mucilage is stained pink by ruthenium red. In-depth research has been done on the distinguishing characteristics of cell walls, cell contents, starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, trichomes, fibers, vessels, etc.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that in the mystery urinalysis lab, Brad suspect's microscopic evaluation indicated calcium oxalate crystals.
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what volume of mating mix (mixture of donor and recipient) will you spread plate on to a luria agar dap plate?
200 microliters volume of mating mix spread plate on to a luria agar dap plate
What does a Luria test entail?In order to complete the Luria's Test (also known as the "fist-edge-palm" test or Luria Sequence), the patient must duplicate three hand motions made by a medical professional. The Frontal Assessment Framework (FAB) is a set of tests that includes Luria's test.
What symptoms denote frontal release?A certain region of the brain, usually the frontal lobes, has an inhibitory effect that causes the reflex to decrease as the brain ages. When disease processes disrupt these inhibitory pathways, the response is "liberated" from inhibition and can then be triggered again. The term "frontal release sign" was created for this reason.
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in mice, the copy of the igf 2 gene that is inherited from the mother is never expressed in her offspring. this happens because the igf 2 gene from the mother a. always undergoes a mutation that inactivates its function. b. is deleted during oogenesis. c. is deleted during embryonic development. d. is not transcribed in the somatic cells of the offspring.
in mice, the copy of the if 2 gene that is inherited from the mother is never expressed in her offspring. this happens because the if 2 gene from the mother is not transcribed in the somatic cells of the offspring.
Option B is Correct : is not transcribed in the somatic cells of the offspring.
Somatic cells in humans are diploid, which means they have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Although somatic cell DNA mutations can have an impact on an individual, they cannot be passed on to a person's progeny.somatic tissues. All living things are composed of somatic cells, which are the basic building blocks of all organisms. Somatic cells in humans are diploid, which means they have two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent. Somatic mutations can affect the person who has them but cannot be passed on to their offspring and have no impact on them.
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list in order the events of blood flow through the heart, starting from the blood entering the atria from the vena cava.
The order of blood flow through the heart is as follows: The body is followed by the inferior and superior vena cava, the right atrium, the tricuspid valve, the right ventricle, and the pulmonary arteries.
The vesical vein is situated where?The right side of your heart is where your superior vena cava or vena cava are located. Your superior vena cava is formed by the union of your right and left ligamentum (or brachiocephalic) veins.
If the venous cava is obstructed, what happens?A blood channel called the superior vena cava transports blood from the upper body back to your heart. Shortness of breath, upper body edema, and other symptoms are possible when this vein is obstructed. Untreated severe cases can be fatal, especially in young patients.
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biologists recently discovered that black wolves got their coat color from exchanging genes with dogs. this is an example of
Using the theories of genes, we find that gene flow is the example of discovery in which black wolves got their coat color from exchanging genes with dogs.
In biology, actually word gene can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is the basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in the DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are basically two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes.
During the gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be actually intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of the genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of the phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called the genotypes.
Hence, discovery by biologists that black wolves got their coat color from exchanging genes with dogs is an example of gene flow.
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farenholz's rule is supported when group of answer choices a comparison of phylogenies for host and parasite show a correlated pattern of evolution. a comparison of phylogenies for predator and prey species show independent speciation. a comparison of phylogenies for paralogous genes show correlated evolution. a comparison of phylogenies for pollinators and plants show multiple episodes of host jumping.
Fahrenholz's rule is supported when: comparison of phylogenies for host and parasite show a correlated pattern of evolution
What is Fahrenholz's rule ?The close correspondence is observed between the taxonomy of parasites and their hosts and this has led to Fahrenholz's rule. This rule postulates that parasites and the hosts speciate in synchrony.
This leads to a prediction that phylogenetic trees of parasites and their hosts are topologically identical.
when the only events in the process of reciprocal natural selection in the host and parasite lineages were those of contemporaneous speciation in both the lineages then host and parasite phylogenies are fully congruent, hence supporting Fahrenholz'srule.
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which is the correct sequence of components leading up to and following secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), and other hormones by the thyroid gland?
Thyroid gland working mechanism:
Changes in external stimulus → hypothalamus → TRH → anterior pituitary →TSH → thyroid gland → thyroxine
The thyroid gland consists of 2 lobes, namely the right and lobes left associated with a narrow section called isthmus form-like bowties. Thyroid hormones control the rate of burning glucose or oxidation, which is converted into body heat and chemical energy. The raw material for thyroid hormone is iodine which is abundantly contained in seafood
Step-by-step working mechanism thyroid gland:
If the hypothalamus is stimulated.Hypothalamus secretes TRH.Stimulates the anterior pituitary.Secretes TSH.Stimulates the thyroid gland.Secretes thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).Increased metabolic rate, CNS development, and sympathetic activity.Learn more about the working mechanism thyroid gland here https://brainly.com/question/28497771
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the step of dna replication in wwhich two replication forks moving in opposite directions may meet is called
Termination is the stage of DNA replication where two replication forks that are traveling in opposing directions may collide.
What transpires when two replication forks collide?When convergent replication forks collide, DNA replication is complete. DNA synthesis is finished, the replication apparatus is disassembled, and daughter molecules are resolved during this procedure, which is referred to as replication termination.
Do replication forks go in opposing directions?The DNA strand is traversed by the replication fork, which normally moves from an internal location to the end of the strand. As a result, each replication fork has a twin replication fork that originates from the same internal position and moves to the opposite end of the strand.
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Which bond or bonds in α‑d‑glucose must be broken to change its configuration to β‑d‑glucose?.
To convert α-D-glucose to the β-D-glucose, the bond among the C-1 and the hydroxyl on the C-5 should be damaged and the reformed withinside the contrary of the configuration.
To convert the D-glucose to the D-mannose, both the —H or the —OH on C-2 that should be damaged and reformed withinside the contrary of the configuration. Conversion among chair and the conformations does now no longer require a bond the breakage; that is the essential and difference among the configuration and the conformation.
α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose is the instance of an anomers. An Anomer is a saccharide most effective the differs in its shape on the anomeric of the carbon. Anomeric carbon is being the purposeful organization of the carbohydrate, wherein is commonly the carboxyl organization which is connected to it. Epimeres, is fluctuate at most effective the only chiral center, now no longer the anomeric carbon.
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How do the cells produced by meiosis
compare to each other?
A. Two of them are identical to each other.
B. They are all identical.
C. All four are genetically different.
In meiosis all four are genetically different. So, the correct answer is option (C) All four are genetically different.
Meiosis is the form of cellular department that creates egg and sperm cells. Mitosis is a fundamental system for existence. in the course of mitosis, a mobile duplicates all of its contents, such as its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells.
Meiosis is a type of mobile department that reduces the wide variety of chromosomes within the discern cell by means of half and produces four gamete cells. This procedure is required to provide egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction.
Meiosis takes place inside the primordial germ cells, cells exact for sexual duplicate and break free the frame's ordinary somatic cells. In instruction for meiosis, a germ cellular is going through interphase, in the course of which the complete cellular undergoes replication.
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how do ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and visible light harm microorganisms? how do microorganisms protect themselves against damage from uv and visible light?
Microorganism protect themselves against harmful UV light and visible light by using Iron minerals around themselves.
The iron minerals have unique properties in that they block damaging UV radiation while yet allowing organisms to utilise the portion of sunlight required for photosynthesis. UV rays kill cells by damaging their DNA. Two molecules of thymine, one of the bases that makes up DNA, react when exposed to light. The thymine dimer that results is extremely stable. The cell cannot perform its usual tasks if cellular processes are interfered as a result of an inadequate repair or unrepaired damage of thymine dimer.
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Microorganisms use the iron minerals in their surroundings to shield them from damaging UV and visible light.
In the presence of sunshine, some bacteria that require light may consume dissolved iron and perform photosynthesis. However, they did not emit oxygen throughout the process, unlike modern green plants. Rust and other iron minerals are waste products of the process. Because the iron minerals absorb the damaging UV radiation, organisms may still utilize the portion of sunlight required for photosynthesis. Compared to today's seas, the quantity of iron needed to create the minerals was far higher.
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