How long does it take to learn python

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

five to 10 weeks

On average, it can take anywhere from five to 10 weeks to learn the basics of Python programming, including object-oriented programming, basic Python syntax, data types, loops, variables, and functions.

:

Answer 2
It can take up to five to 10 weeks to learn python :)

Related Questions

What is 4÷15-18×27.6​

Answers

-496.53 I hope this help(sry if it’s wrong)

. It has been said that technology will be the end of management. Maybe. How about artificial intelligence

Answers

Answer:

Yes

Explanation:

Artificial Intelligence is just a subcategory of Technology. That being said, if any type of technology has the ability to do the job of a human being in the management sector of a company it would be Artificial Intelligence. This is because AI is designed to be able to analyze data, discover patterns, and make decisions based on those patterns. These decisions are incredibly sophisticated, efficient, and made incredibly fast. It also learns the more that it makes decisions, therefore increasing its efficiency the more that it does a specific task. This would represent the same tasks that management is responsible for getting done, but the AI is able to do it faster, cheaper, and more efficiently. So, yes, AI is very capable of bringing the end of management.

As described in previous chapters, the Real-Time Glucose Monitoring (RTGM) system will include processing components on servers and on mobile devices with data exchange via 3G and 4G phone networks. Users will include patients, physicians, nurses, and physician assistants. In the United States, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) mandates certain responsibilities regarding the privacy and security of electronic protected health information (ePHI). The law applies to what are collectively called covered entities—that is, health plans, health-care clearinghouses, and any health-care providers who transmit health information in electronic form. More information can be obtained from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Web site ( http://www.hhs.gov).
In general, covered entities should do the following:
■ Ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of all ePHI they create, receive, maintain, or transmit.
■ Identify and protect against reasonably anticipated threats to the security or integrity of the information.
■ Protect against reasonably anticipated, impermissible uses or disclosures of the information.
■ Ensure compliance by their workforces.
Specifically, covered entities should implement policies, procedures, and technologies that do the following:
■ Specify the proper use of and access to workstations and electronic media.
■ Regard the transfer, removal, disposal, and reuse of electronic media to ensure appropriate protection of ePHI.
■ Allow only authorized persons to access ePHI.
■ Record and examine access and other activity in information systems that contain or use ePHI.
■ Ensure ePHI isn’t improperly altered or destroyed.
■ Guard against unauthorized access to ePHI that is being transmitted over an electronic network.
Answer these questions in light of HIPAA requirements:
Consider the issues related to health-care professionals accessing server data by using workstations and mobile devices within a health-care facility. How will the system meet its duty to record and examine access to ePHI? If a healthcare professional uses a mobile device outside a health-care facility, what protections must be applied to the device and/or any data stored within it or transmitted to it?

Answers

Answer:

huh?

Explanation:

Define a member method print_all() for class PetData. Make use of the base class' print_all() method. Sample output for the given program with inputs: 'Fluffy' 5 4444 Name: Fluffy Age: 5 ID: 4444

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

Using Javascript:

Class PetData{

Constructor(name, age, id){

this.name= name;

this.age =age;

this.id = id;

}

print_all(){

return this.name+""+this.age+""+this.id;

}

}

Here we have defined class PetData with its constructor which would initialize the object/instance of the class when called, example:

Var catData = new PetData(sisi, 1, 2333);

In this exercise we have to use the knowledge of computational language in python to write the following code:

The code can be found in the attached image.

That way, to find it more easily we have the code like:

Class PetData{

Constructor(name, age, id){

this.name= name;

this.age =age;

this.id = id;

}

print_all(){

return this.name+""+this.age+""+this.id;

}

}

Var catData = new PetData(sisi, 1, 2333);

See more about JAVA at brainly.com/question/26104476

what is theory of knowledge?​

Answers

Theory of knowledge (TOK) plays a special role in the International Baccalaureate® (IB) Diploma Programme (DP), by providing an opportunity for students to reflect on the nature of knowledge, and on how we know what we claim to know.

please helpppppppppp​

Answers

Answer:

111001 - 57

1100000 - 96

1010101 - 85

1001000 - 72

:)

Write a console application that takes an integer input from the user and calculates the factorial of it. Note: factorial of Example Input: 5 Example Output: 1^ * 2^ * 3^ * 4^ * 5=120

Answers

Answer:

The program in Python is as follows:

n = int(input("Integer: "))

product = 1

for i in range(1,n+1):

   product*=i

   if(i!=n):

       print(str(i)+" *",end =" ")

   else:

       print(i,end =" ")

print(" = ",product)

Explanation:

This prompts the user for integer input

n = int(input("Integer: "))

This initializes the product to 1

product = 1

This iterates through n

for i in range(1,n+1):

This multiplies each digit from 1 to n

   product*=i

This generates the output string

   if(i!=n):

       print(str(i)+" *",end =" ")

   else:

       print(i,end =" ")

This prints the calculated product (i.e. factorial)

print(" = ",product)

The C++ standard library provides code that’s organized into a. folders b. namespaces c. sublibraries d. none of the above

Answers

Answer:

Namespaces ( B )

Explanation:

The codes in the C++ standard library are organized into folders Known as  namespaces .

namespaces are general used to organize various codes into logical groups to avoid name collisions that may occur when there is the presence of multiple libraries in a code base.

what can the government do about the issue of human rights violations​

Answers

I actually don’t know let us run wild.

Write a program, which will display the menu with 5 items. It will ask the use to give their choice. It will trap all possible errors and then print the result when correct input is provided before exiting the program.

Answers

Answer:

The program in Python is as follows:

print("Welcome to sorting program")

print("1. Title")

print("2. Rank")

print("3. Date")

print("4. Start")

print("5. Likes")

while(True):

   choice = input("Enter a choice between 1 and 5 only: ")

   if choice.isdigit() == True:

       if(int(choice)>=1 and int(choice)<=5):

           print("You entered valid choice", choice)

           break;

       else:

           print("You have not entered a number between 1 and 5. Try again")

   else:

       print("You entered an invalid choice")

Explanation:

This prints the header

print("Welcome to sorting program")

The next 5 lines print the instructions

print("1. Title")

print("2. Rank")

print("3. Date")

print("4. Start")

print("5. Likes")

The loop is repeated until it is forcefully exited

while(True):

This prompts the user to enter a choice

   choice = input("Enter a choice between 1 and 5 only: ")

This checks if the choice is a digit

   if choice.isdigit() == True:

If yes, this checks if the choice is between 1 and 5 (inclusive)

       if(int(choice)>=1 and int(choice)<=5):

If yes, this prints valid choice and the choice entered

           print("You entered valid choice", choice)

The loop is exited

           break;

If the choice is out of range

       else:

This prints the error and tells the user to try again

           print("You have not entered a number between 1 and 5. Try again")

If choice is not a digit

   else:

This prints invalid choice

       print("You entered an invalid choice")

sihle bought half adozen KOO canned beans from a wholesale.how many cans did she get?​

Answers

Step 1: Divide 12 by 2(Since there is 12 in every dozen, half of 12 is 6)
12/2 = 6
Sihle will get 6 cans of beans from the wholesale.

quá trình xử lý dữ liệu (OSI) bên máy gởi, nhận có vẽ hình minh họa

Answers

Answer:

haywood is and best president for you me ravi in the a for and have to the a and should you of lost

With the GIS moving into the cloud, developers of enterprise applications based on SAP, Microsoft Office, SharePoint, MicroStrategy, IBM Cognos, and Microsoft Dynamics CRM are not using it to create a wide range of mobile applications.
a. True
b. False

Answers

Answer:

):

Explanation:

What is the ls option to list entries by lines instead of by columns?​

Answers

Sometimes I just meet some Unintelligen ppl

A TextLineReader is an object that can read a text file one line at a time, parsing each line and turning it into an object of some type. The reason we've implemented it as a class template is so that different TextLineReaders can transform their file into different types of objects; for example, a TextLineReader will return an int from every line, while a TextLineReader will return a Student instead. Because TextLineReader itself can't know how to transform each line from the file into the corresponding result type, a line parser function is provided, which does that transformation (i.e., takes each line's text and returns the appropriate kind of object, or throws an exception if that transformation fails because the format of the line is incorrect).Write the implementation of the TextLineReader class template. You may not change any of the public declarations that were provided, but you can add anything you'd like — including public or private member functions, private member variables, and so on — but you'll need to meet all of the following design requirements.

Answers

no one is going to answer

Write a program to read from std_info.txt.
This file has student first name, last name, major, and gpa.
This program must compute the average gpa of ee, cpe, and all students in the file. you must write in student_avg.txt file, the student information and computed gpa at the bottom of the list of students in the following order:
Sam Thomas CPE 3.76Mary Smith EE 2.89John Jones BUS 4.00....EE average =CPE average =Total average =

Answers

Answer:

import pandas as pd

# loads the text file as a pandas dataframe

student_file = pd.read_fwf("std_info.txt")

# opens a new text file if the student_avg does not exist

# the file closes automatically at the end of the with statement

with open('student_avg.txt', 'w+') as file:

   for row in student_file.iterrows():

       file.write(row)

   ee = student_file[student_file['major'=='EE']]

   cpe = student_file[student_file['major'=='CPE']]

   file.write(f'EE average = {ee['EE'].mean()}')

   file.write(f'CPE average = {ee['CPE'].mean()}')

   file.write(f'Total average = {student_file['EE'].mean()}')

Explanation:

The python program gets the text file as a fixed-width file and loads the file as a pandas dataframe. The dataframe is used to get the total average GPA the student GPA and the average GPA of students in various departments. The results are saved in a new file called 'student_avg.txt'.

Using the CelsiusTokelvin function as a guide, create a new function, changing the name to KelvinToCelsius, and modifying the function accordingly using namespoce std 4 double CelstusTokelvinÇdouble valueCelsius) ( 5 double valuekelvin -0.0; 7valuekelvin valueCelsius 273.15; 9 return vatuekelvin; 10 12 Your solution goes here 13 14 int main 15 double valueC 0.0; 16 double valuek-0.0 17 18 vatuec 18.0; Run

Answers

Answer:

Please find the full code in the attached file.

Output:

10 C is 283.15 K  

283.15 K is 10 C  

Explanation:

In this program to method "CelsiusToKelvin and KelvinToCelsius" is declared that takes a double variable as a parameter.

Both the above method defines a variable that converts the value in their respective value and converts and returns its value.  

Inside the main method two double variables "valueC, valueK" is declared that hold value in and pass into the method and print its return value.

Discuss five processes for analyzing a qualitative study

Answers

1. Prepare and organize your data.

Print out your transcripts, gather your notes, documents, or other materials. Mark the source, any demographics you may have collected, or any other information that will help you analyze your data.

2. Review and explore the data.

This will require you to read your data, probably several times, to get a sense of what it contains. You may want to keep notes about your thoughts, ideas, or any questions you have.

3. Create initial codes.

Use highlighters, notes in the margins, sticky pads, concept maps, or anything else that helps you to connect with your data. See the attached document that demonstrates how one might highlight key words and phrases as well as make notes in the margins to categorize the data:

4. Review those codes and revise or combine into themes.

Identify recurring themes, language, opinions, and beliefs.

5. Present themes in a cohesive manner.

Consider your audience, the purpose of the study, and what content should be included to best tell the story of your data.

Hope this helped you!!!

Answer:

Prepare and organize your data. Print out your transcripts, gather your notes, documents, or other materials.

Review and explore the data.

Create initial codes.

Review those codes and revise or combine into themes.

Present themes in a cohesive manner.

Consider a packet of length 2000 bits which begins at end system A and travels over five links to a destination end system. These five links are connected by four packet switches. The propagation speed on all five links is 3*108 m/s. The transmission rate of all five links is 2 Mbps. For each packet switch, the processing delay is 1 msec. The length of the first link is 8,000 km, the length of the second link is 4,000 km, the length of the third link is 2,000 km and the length of the fourth and fifth link is 1000 km. Assuming no queuing delay, what is the end-to-end delay

Answers

Answer:

0.095 sec

Explanation:

From the information given:

Packet size = 2000 bytes

The propagation speed on both the links = [tex]3.0*10^8 \ m/s[/tex]

The transmission rates of all three links = 2 Mbps

Packet switch processing delay = 1 msec

The length of the 1st link = 8000 km

The length of the 2nd link = 4000 km

The length of the 3rd link = 2000 km

The length of the 4th link = 1000 km

The length of the 5th link = 1000 km

The 1st end system that needs to transmit the packet onto the1st link = [tex]L/R_1[/tex]

[tex]= \dfrac{2000*8}{2*10^6}[/tex]

= 0.008 sec

The packet propagates over the 1st link in [tex]d1/s1[/tex] is;

[tex]= \dfrac{8000*10^3}{3.0 \times 10^8}[/tex]

= 0.027 sec

The packet switch generates a delay of [tex]d_{proc}= 1msec[/tex], after receiving the whole packet

The 1st end system that needs to transmit the packet onto the 2nd link = [tex]L/R_2[/tex]

[tex]= \dfrac{2000*8}{2*10^6}[/tex]

= 0.008 sec

The packet propagates over the 2nd link in [tex]d2/s2[/tex] is;

[tex]= \dfrac{4000*10^3}{3.0 \times 10^8}[/tex]

= 0.013 sec

Again, the packet switch generates a delay of [tex]d_{proc}= 1msec[/tex], after receiving the whole packet

The 1st end system that needs to transmit the packet onto the 3rd link = [tex]L/R_3[/tex]

[tex]= \dfrac{2000*8}{2*10^6}[/tex]

= 0.008 sec

The packet propagates over the 3rd link in [tex]d3/s3[/tex] is;

[tex]= \dfrac{2000*10^3}{3.0 \times 10^8}[/tex]

= 0.007 sec

Again, the packet switch generates a delay of [tex]d_{proc}= 1msec[/tex], after receiving the whole packet

The 1st end system that needs to transmit the packet onto the 4th link [tex]= L/R_4[/tex]

[tex]= \dfrac{2000*8}{2*10^6}[/tex]

= 0.008 sec

The packet propagates over the 4th link in [tex]d4/s4[/tex] is;

[tex]= \dfrac{1000*10^3}{3.0 \times 10^8}[/tex]

= 0.003 sec

Again, the packet switch generates a delay of [tex]d_{proc}= 1msec[/tex], after receiving the whole packet

The 1st end system that needs to transmit the packet onto the 5th link = [tex]L/R_5[/tex]

[tex]= \dfrac{2000*8}{2*10^6}[/tex]

= 0.008 sec

The packet propagates over the 5th link in [tex]d5/s5[/tex] is;

[tex]= \dfrac{1000*10^3}{3.0 \times 10^8}[/tex]

= 0.003 sec

The end-to-end delay = [tex]L/R_1+L/R_2+L/R_3+L/R_4+L/R_5 + d_1/s_1+d_2/s_2+d_3/s_3+d_4/s_4+d_5/s_5+d_{proc}+d_{proc}[/tex]

=0.008+0.008+0.008+0.008+0.008+0.027+0.013+0.007+0.003+0.003+0.001+0.001

= 0.095 sec

Hence, the end to end delay = 0.095 sec

Debug the recursive reverseString method, which is intended to return the input String str reversed (i.e. the same characters but in reverse order).
Use the runner class to test this method but do not write your own main method or your code will not be graded correctly.
public class U10_L2_Activity_One
{
public static String reverseString(String str)
{
if (str.length() < 0)
{
return str;
}
s = reverseString(str.substring(2)) + str.substring(0,1);
}
}
Runner's code (don't change):
import java.util.Scanner;
public class runner_U10_L2_Activity_One
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Enter string:");
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
String s = scan.nextLine();
System.out.println("Reversed String: " + U10_L2_Activity_One.reverseString(s));
}
}

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The following modified code correctly uses recurssion to reverse the string that was passed as a parameter to the reverseString method. A test output using the runner class can be seen in the attached image below.

import java.util.Scanner;

class U10_L2_Activity_One {

   public static String reverseString(String str) {

       if (str.isEmpty()) {

           return str;

       }

       return reverseString(str.substring(1)) + str.charAt(0);

   }

}

class runner_U10_L2_Activity_One

{

   public static void main(String[] args)

   {

       System.out.println("Enter string:");

       Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

       String s = scan.nextLine();

       System.out.println("Reversed String: " + U10_L2_Activity_One.reverseString(s));

   }

}

Number are stored and transmitted inside a computer in the form of​

Answers

Number are stored and transmitted inside a computer in the form of ASCII code

What type of value are stored within a pointer type? Group of answer choices a character value. a integer value, which represents the address. a string value, which represnts the address. a decimal (float), which represents the address.

Answers

Answer:

an integer value, which represents the address.

Explanation:

In Computer programming, a variable can be defined as a placeholder or container for holding a piece of information that can be modified or edited.

Basically, a variable stores information which is passed from the location of the method call directly to the method that is called by the program.

In C programming, a pointer can be defined as a memory location where data reside or are stored. Thus, it's a variable that is typically used for storing the memory address of other variables. There are different types of pointers and these includes; void pointer, null pointer, near pointer, wild pointer, complex pointer, dangling pointer, far pointer, and huge pointer.

Generally, the type of value that are stored within a pointer type is an integer value (int), which represents the address. With the use of a pointer, software programmers can easily and quickly pass the address of a variable rather than pass the entire variable to a function.

What is the page table mainly for?

Answers

Answer: See explanation

Explanation:

A page table is used for the tracking and the location of different pages of a task in memory. It helps in showing the mapping of locations between the physical addresses and the virtual addresses.

A page table stores also has the page table entries and this is where the frame numbers are stored as well as the operational status.

Fill in the blanks in the SQL statement below that will list the invoice number, invoice total and credit which is the total sum of the payment_total and credit_total. Format the payment credit to 2 decimal places. SELECT invoice_number, invoice_total________ AS credit FROM invoices.

Answers

Answer:

Following are the query and its explanation:

Explanation:

SELECT invoice_number , invoice_total , FORMAT ((payment_total +credit_total),2) AS Credit FROM invoices;

In the above given select command it selects two columns that are "invoice_number , invoice_total" in which it uses the format method that adds "payment_total  and credit_total" parameter value and divides the value, and holds its decimal point value use by the invoices table.

takes the perspective that a program describes what the solution to a problem is, not how that problem is solved. Select one: a. Interpretive programming b. Resolution c. Declarative programming d. Unification

Answers

Answer:

c. Declarative programming

Explanation:

Software development life cycle (SDLC) can be defined as a strategic process or methodology that defines the key steps or stages for creating and implementing high quality software applications.

Some of the models used in the software development life cycle (SDLC) are;

I. A waterfall model.

II. An incremental model.

III. A spiral model.

In Computer programming, when a software program or application describes what the solution to a problem is but without highlighting (describing) how that problem is solved, it is generally referred to as declarative programming. Thus, it takes the perspective that software developers (programmers) define what needs to be accomplished by a software program or application to solve a problem without defining how that problem is solved.

What Service is an AWS service that helps you maintain application availability and enables you to automatically add or remove EC2 instances according to conditions you define

Answers

Answer:

AWS EC2 auto scaling

Explanation:

The Amazon EC2 auto scaling is the service provided by AWS which helps one to maintain the application availability and also to enable one to automatically add as well remove the EC2 instances as per the conditions one wishes for.

One can add the EC2 or remove it manually in a combination with the AWS auto scaling for the predictive scaling of the application. We can also use dynamic and the predictive scaling features of the EC2 Auto Scaling so as to add or remove the EC2 instances

You are in charge of five software development projects. The ‘characteristics’ of each of your projects are as follows:

• Project 1: Web-site for a local company. Relatively small system. Requirements are unclear and likely to change in the near future.

• Project 2: A very large embedded system whose requirements can be easily identified and are relatively stable.

• Project 3: A ‘standard’ business application. You have developed similar systems like this one in the past.

• Project 4: A relatively complex administrative system for one of the local hospitals. Some of the requirements seem to be pretty unclear, but all the requirements are stable.

• Project 5: A small real-time control system to be used for monitoring patients in a local hospital.

Consider the following software development approaches/models: waterfall, throw-away prototyping, evolutionary prototyping, component-based development, formal development. Which of the above approaches/models would you choose for each of your projects? Briefly explain your choices.

Answers

Pano po gagawen Jan?

Suppose there is exactly one packet switch between a sending user and a receiving user. The transmission rates between the sending user and the switch and between the switch and the receiving user are R1 and R2, respectively. Assuming that the switch uses store-and-forward packet switching, what is the

Answers

Answer: Hello your question lacks some data below is the missing data

what is the total end-to-end delay to send a packet of length L? (Ignore queuing, propagation, and processing delay) extend to N-1 packet switches interconnected by N links with rates R1, R2, …, RN

answer:

L/R1 + L/R2

Explanation:

The sending host will begin to transmit at to

At ( t1 = L/R1 ) the entire packet will be received at the router because at this time the sending host will complete the transmission process  to the router.( No propagation delay )

At ( t2 = L/R2 ) the router completes transmission of the entire packet to the receiving host ( note : The transmission of the packet to the receiving host by the router starts at t1 hence No propagation delay is recorded. )

implementations
in c++ programming when finding lcm and gcd in c++​

Answers

Answer:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int lcm(int m, int n) {

  int a;

  a = (m > n) ? m: n;

  while (true) {

     if (a % m == 0 && a % n == 0)

        return a;

        ++a;

  }

}

int gcd(int m, int n) {

  int r = 0, a, b;

  a = (m > n) ? m : n;

  b = (m < n) ? m : n;

  r = b;

  while (a % b != 0) {

     r = a % b;

     a = b;

     b = r;

  }

  return r;

}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

  cout << "Enter the two numbers: ";

  int m, n;

  cin >> m >> n;

  cout << "The LCM of two numbers is: " << lcm(m, n) << endl;

  cout << "The GCD of two numbers is: " << gcd(m, n) << endl;  

  return 0;

}

Explanation:

True or false altering iso will affect the area of focus in a photo

Answers

True. Because it’s changing the sensitivities in different areas, causing the resulting photos to be focused in different areas.
Other Questions
An investor in the 32% tax bracket is considering two investment options of equal risk: a corporate bond that yields 8.25% and a municipal (muni) bond that yields 4.75%. Assuming the investor will select the bond with the highest yield, which bond should this investor choose Use vectors to find the interior angles of the triangle with the given vertices. (Enter your answers as a comma-separated list. Enter your answers in terms of degrees. Round your answers to two decimal places.) (3, 5), (2, 6), (6, 3) Mt cng ty c i l bn sn phm trn tonquc, tm hiu tnh hnh tiu th trong mttun l sau mt t qung co, ta c s liu sau:2,72,93,13,23,43,7Doanh 2,7s (tr)S i l81520301512 Directions: Answer the following questions. 3. When you swallow, which type of muscle moves food from your throat all the way down into your stomach? A. skeletal muscle B. cardiac muscle C. smooth muscle D. voluntary muscle If the half-life of substance Z is 2.5 years, how long would ittake for 48 grams of substance Z to decay such that only 3grams remain? which element of the text best helps the reader determine the central idea? How many grams of manganese (III) iodide (Mn13) will be needed to make 1.3 grams of hydrogen iodide (HI)? g MnI3 who was the first president to be inaugurated at Washington D.c. plz who can help me i have a final project and i am ready to pay 20$ Why does the author most likely quote kieth Hampton the lengths of two sides of a triangle are 2x-5 and x+3. If the perimeter of the triangle is 4x-1, what is the length of the third side in terms of x? X, Y and Z form the vertices of a triangle. XY = 12.4m, XZ = 10.4m and YZ = 8.7m. Find the angle YXZ rounded to 1 DP. Suppose you are depositing an amount today in an account that earns 5% interest, compounded annually. If your goal is to have $5000 in the account at the end of six years, how much must you deposit in the account today? BRAINIEST AND 10 POINTS Which of the following could be reasons why population sizes may reach and maintain plateaus? Select the three (3) that apply.fewer deathslimits in food supplycompetition with other speciesincreased birth ratescompetition for spacemajor storms Using the data below, compute DEBT RATIO. Using the data below, compute Return on Equity.Accounts Payable 800Accounts Receivable 1,100Capital Stock 2,000Cash 50Cost of Goods Sold 6,000Inventory 1,500Long-term Debt 1,820Net Income 950Property, Plant, and Equipment (net) 3,000Retained Earnings 1,030Sales 10,000Market value of shares 12,000 Using the following image, solve for FE I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST HELPP PLS can you help me figure to how to get the answer to this question match each quadratic function given in factored from with its equivalent standard from listed on the left.