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A capsid is a protein shell that protects the DNA of a virus. The correct answer is D) capsid.

A capsid is a protein shell that encases the genetic material (either DNA or RNA) of a virus. It is a protective layer that helps the virus survive in harsh environments and protects its genetic material from damage by environmental factors such as UV light, enzymes, and other harmful substances. Capsids can be composed of one or more types of proteins and can take different shapes and sizes depending on the type of virus.

In addition to the capsid, some viruses may also have other protective structures or mechanisms that help them survive in their host environment. For example, some viruses have a lipid envelope that surrounds their capsid, which helps them enter and exit host cells more easily. Others may have other protective layers, such as a protein coat, that help them resist immune system defenses.

It is worth noting that neither A) pilus nor B) plasmid nor C) bacteriophage protects the DNA of a virus. A pilus is a hair-like structure found on the surface of some bacteria that helps them attach to other cells or surfaces, while a plasmid is a small circular piece of DNA that is separate from the bacterial chromosome and may carry genes that confer antibiotic resistance or other advantageous traits.

Hence,  Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and replicate within bacterial cells, but they do not protect the DNA of other viruses.

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Homologous structures

Answer:

So... MPO is most abundantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes, and produces hypohalous acids to carry out their antimicrobial activity through oxidative damage during the respiratory burst. It requires heme as a cofactor.

Regarding environmental factors ... obviously the first factor is the presence of an infection and inflammation that cause an increase in the activity and production of MPO. Second, alterations in the MPO gene cause its congenital deficiency which predispose to infections.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and autoinflammatory rheumatoid disease in which significant joint damage is observed. In the joint capsule, inflamed infiltrates are observed composed of neutrophils and lymphocytes. Measurement of MPO levels in the joint cavity could therefore be related to the amount of neutrophils and thus to the extent of the inflammatory damage.

When the respiratory burst occurs, MPO is most abundantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes, which then create hypohalous acids to carry out their antimicrobial function through oxidative damage.

Regarding environmental causes, the first one is undoubtedly the existence of an infection and inflammation, which elevate MPO activity and production.

Second, changes to the MPO gene result in its congenital deficit, which makes people more susceptible to infections.

Therefore, the amount of neutrophils and, consequently, the severity of the inflammatory response might be connected by the measurement of MPO levels in the joint cavity.

Therefore, When the respiratory burst occurs, MPO is most abundantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes, which then create hypohalous acids to carry out their antimicrobial function through oxidative damage.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between 4 and 7 °C (39.2 and 44.6 °F) during these months.

Cilia and flagella are more closely related, as they are both like hairy extensions from the cell membranes. However Cilia (singular: cilium) are much shorter and are arranged in multiple groups, working together in coordinated manner to create movement along the cell membrane (kind of like the legs of a centipede).

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Answer:

In this picture the ground is now completely covered in vegetation and trees are growing back all along the road and sides of the picture. Then there’s little flowers and grass and bushed all over the place. In the other pictures the ground was bare, with the second and third pictures having bushes and other little vegetation starting to grow. Changes in the Biotic Factors: There are now larger trees, there is grass, flowers, small bushes, and other small vegetation growing. Changes in Abiotic Factors: The ground is no longer dust and ash, The dead trunks and branches are covered in vegetation for the most part and are decomposing.

Explanation:

Brainliest please?!

Answer:

16

Explanation:

By using  the law of independent assortment, you can solve this by calculating

[tex]2^4[/tex]

however, crossover can cause endless possibilities of genotypes!

Answer:

c{tundra

Explanation:

tundra is very very cold that it does not have high temperatures or humidtey

i also took the test

hope this helps

Answer:

i believe it would be C) Tundra

Explanation:

tundra is pretty cold so it doesn't have high temperatures or humidtey.

Answer:

point mutation is left

chromosomal rearrangment is middle

non disjunctional is right

Explanation

GUNGAN_god#7570 on discord helped me out and he is a chemistry teacher,

Each mutation to the picture correctly represents the mutation (left to right) as -

Point mutation

Chromosome rearrangement:

Nondisjunction:

Thus, each mutation to the picture correctly represents the mutation (left to right) as -

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Answer:

When exposed to penicillin, the frequency of resistant bacteria will increase as those that are resistant survive and reproduce. — The resistant bacteria will survive and they will produce offspring that are resistant

Explanation:

pls mark brainliest

False When species come into contact with closely related species, they interbreed and become one species again.

What process lead to the speciation of the Galapagos finches on the different islands?

All of them grew  from one progenitor species, which inhabitated the islands only a few million years ago.

This process, whereby species develop rapidly to use empty ecospace, is called as adaptive radiation.

Thus, its false, When species come into contact with closely related species, they interbreed and become one species again since its an example of evolution.

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Answer:

Frogs and voles would have less food supply.

Explanation:

There would be more food for the rabbits and slugs, so their populations would increase. However, ( there would be less food for the frogs and voles), so their populations would decrease. This means less food for the foxes and hawks. However, there are likely to be more rabbits and thrushes for them to eat, so their populations might stay the same.

Answer:

ability to store water

Explanation:

Answer:

Implementing the limit of the fish catch number is one of the best ways to reduce overfishing. By limiting the fish catch, the government and other organizations could help the fish population to recover and breed another fish. So the fish population will not extinct.

Explanation:

Answer: X-rays

double helix

Wilkins and Franklin studied the structure of DNA using X-rays, a technique to examine molecules, and helped Watson and Crick determined that the shape of the molecule was a double helix.

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.

DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. To carry out these functions, DNA sequences must be converted into messages that can be used to produce proteins.

DNA is essential for inheritance, coding for proteins, and providing instructions for life and its processes. DNA dictates how a human or animal develops and reproduces, and eventually dies.

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The amino acids which are encoded by the following codons are UUC- Phenylalanine, UCU- Serine, and CUU- leucine amino acid.

A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence which is made up of three nucleotides that forms a unit of the genomic information that encodes for a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis i.e., stop signals in a cell. There are about 64 different codons of which 61 specify amino acids and 3 are used as stop codons that terminate translation process. The 61 codons codes for 20 amino acids in the human beings.

The codons given in this case encodes for different amino acids which are UUC encodes for phenylalanine, UCU encodes for serine amino acid, and CUU encodes for leucine amino acid.

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Answer:c

Explanation:

Genetically identical because it is a replica of the parent

Answer:

Water and carbon dioxide are products and have a lower energy level than the reactants.

In cellular respiration, water and carbon dioxide are products. According to the graph, the products have a lower energy level than their reactant counterparts.

The minimum energy is required by the element to reach the Threshold is called activation energy.

The description in the question is not given, Hence the question is incomplete.

According to the diagrams, the reactant is converted into the products when the Gibbs free energy is less than zero.

The products are modified form the reactants and the possible product in this reaction is might be water and carbon dioxide.

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Answer:

Mutations can affect an organism by changing its physical characteristics (or phenotype) or it can impact the way DNA codes the genetic information (genotype). When mutations occur they can cause termination (death) of an organism or they can be partially lethal

Explanation:

Answer:

Energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional. It means that energy which is absorbed by the producers from sun and is converted into chemical energy, always flow from a lower trophic level to a higher trophic level as in a food chain when herbivore consumes producers the energy is transferred from producers to consumers and so on. Some of this energy is assimilated some is used by the organism and some is dessipated in the environment but the flow of energy is never reverted, that is obviously a producer can not consume a consumer.

Answer: OC

Explanation:

Answer:

A.) They are different species, despite their similar morphology.

Explanation:

Answer:

According to IUCN counts, the countries with the highest numbers of species at risk of extinction are Ecuador (2,301), the U.S., Malaysia (1,226), Indonesia (1,206) and Mexico (1,074)

Explanation:

Answer:

Australia has the worst mammal extinction rate of any country in the world, and the catastrophic bushfires of 2019-20 impacted nearly 3 billion animals and have pushed many more of our precious wildlife on the fast-track towards extinction.

Explanation:

please mark me brainliest

Answer:

There is Thymine in the DNA and but Uracile in the mRNA

Answer:

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  Carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis in plants. It is so necessary   because it combines with water to form glucose or carbohydrates which are incredibly important for plants to provide energy. If they were to not take in carbon dioxide, then they would also not give oxygen which is the most essential for humans.

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Explanation: