I am working on a Bohr Rutherford Diagram for Science right now, and my first question on the textbook is "draw a Bhor Rutherford Diagram for Sulfur-32."

How do I figure out how many dots I put in the Diagram?

The estimated nuclear charge on an electron in a 30 orbital of chlorine atom is 6.1

The charge that the outermost valence electrons of any many-electron atom experience is known as the effective nuclear charge. This is done by taking into account how many shielding electrons there are surrounding the nucleus. Rule of Slater: The effective nuclear charge that an electron in a multi-electron atom experiences is measured using this method. This rule states that the screening effect of the other electrons in the atom causes the actual nuclear charge an electron experiences to be smaller than the actual nuclear charge. An atom's distribution of electrons within its atomic orbitals is known as its electronic configuration.

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The overall dipole moment of the water molecule is shown in the image attached.

We know that there is a dipole that exists in a molecule when there is an electronegativity difference between the atoms that are in the molecule. In the case of the water molecule, there is an electronegativity difference that exists between the atoms of the water molecule.

Now, hydrogen is the positive end of the dipole and the oxygen is the negative end of the dipole. We have seen the structures of the dipole moment. Now, the overall dipole moment of the water molecule is shown in the image attached.

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According to stoichiometry and balanced chemical equation 10 iron atoms  react with 30 molecules of chlorine.

Stoichiometry is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.

Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.It is important in balancing chemical equations.It is useful in chemical calculations while making solutions of different concentrations.

Two atoms of iron reacts with 6 molecules of chlorine , so  for 30 molecules of chlorine it is, 30×2/6=10 atoms of iron.

Thus, 10 atoms of iron will react with 30 molecules of chlorine.

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5p subshell of the indium atom ground state experience the lowest effective nuclear charge (Z or Zeff)

Atomic number of indium = 49

E.C of indium = [Kr]4d¹⁰5S²5p¹

The outer 3 electrons indicate that indium is a 3rd group element

In the ground state, the outer electrons of In are present in the 5s and 5p orbitals

So among 5s and 5p which will experience the lowest nuclear charge (Zeff)

The nuclear charge depends on the shape of the orbital

5s has spherical shape while 5p has DB shape

Among the spherical and DB shape, the second one experiences the lower nuclear charge.

So the answer is 5p subshell of the indium will experience the lowest effective nuclear charge (Z or Zeff)

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Answer:

because ethanol is polar

Explanation:

polar dissolves in polar. Ethanol has a hydroxyl(-OH) functional group in it.

Due to the presence of a bond between electronegative atom oxygen and hydrogen, the O-H bond acquires polarity.

Hence, due to the presence of polarity in O-H bond, it forms a Hydrogen bond with water which is responsible for the responsibility of ethanol in water.

The concentration of acetic acid in the solution is 0.257 M.

The concentration of acetic acid in the solution is determined from the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation as follows:

where;

pKa = - log(1.7 * 10⁻⁵)

pKa = 4.77

Equation of reaction: HC₂H₃O₂ (aq) + H₂O(l) --> C₂H₃O₂⁻ (aq) + H₃O⁺ (aq)

From the equation of reaction; [A⁻] = [H₃O⁺]

[H₃O⁺] =  antilog -(pH)

[H₃O⁺] = antilog (-2.68)

[H₃O⁺] = 0.002

[A⁻] = 0.002

[HA] = [A⁻] / antilog of (pH - pKa)

[HA] = [A⁻]  / antilog (2.68 - 4.77)

[HA] = 0.002 / 0.00812

[HA] = 0.257 M

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Equal volumes of equimolar solutions of ammonium iodide, NH₄I, and lead (ii) acetate, Pb(CH₃COO)₂, were combined and a precipitate forms. The balanced equation is given as :

2NH₄I   +   , Pb(CH₃COO)₂   ---->  PbI₂   +   2NH₄CH₃CO₂

The ammonium iodide, NH₄I react with lead (ii) acetate, Pb(CH₃COO)₂ to form lead(II)iodide and ammonium ethanoate.  The balanced equation is given as follows :

2NH₄I        +       Pb(CH₃COO)₂   ---->  PbI₂   +        2NH₄CH₃CO₂

ammonium      lead (ii) acetate        lead(II)iodide    ammonium ethanoate

iodide

Thus, Equal volumes of equimolar solutions of ammonium iodide, NH₄I, and lead (ii) acetate, Pb(CH₃COO)₂, were combined and a precipitate forms. The balanced equation is given as :

2NH₄I   +   , Pb(CH₃COO)₂   ---->  PbI₂   +   2NH₄CH₃CO₂

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A 355-ml can of soda pop contains 41 g of sucrose the molarity of the solution with respect to sucrose is 0.337 M

Given that 41g of sucrose

Number of moles = amount in g/ molar mass

Number of moles= 41 g / 342.2965 g/mol

Number of moles= 0.12 moles Sucrose

Volume = 355 ml or 0.355 L

Thus,

Molarity = 0.12 moles / 0.355 L

Molarity= 0.337 M

The term "molarity of the solution" refers to how many moles of solute there are in a liter of solution. M served as its symbol. The ratio of moles of solutes per liter of solution is known as the molarity of any solution. The following formula captures it.

Molarity (M) = moles of solute/liter of solution

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It will take 24 days for 100 atoms of radium-223 to decay with only 25 atoms of radium-223 left

Half-life is the time required for a quantity to a radioactive substance reduce to half of its initial value. The term is often used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly an unstable atom radioactively decays or how long a stable atom survives. The term can also be used to characterize any type of exponential decay.

Given,

Half life of radium-223 = 12 days

If 100 atoms decay leaving 25 this means = 3/4 decay

Aₓ = A₀ × [tex](\frac{1}{2}) ^{\frac{t}{t_{1/2} } }[/tex]

Where, Aₓ = the amount left after t years

A₀ = the initial quantity of the substance that has to be decayed

[tex]t_{1/2}[/tex] = the half-life of the decay

So, for 3/4 decay:

A₀ × 1/4 =  A₀ × [tex](\frac{1}{2}) ^{\frac{t}{t_{1/2} } }[/tex]

1/4 =  [tex](\frac{1}{2}) ^{\frac{t}{t_{1/2} } }[/tex]

[tex](\frac{1}{2} )^{2}[/tex] =   [tex](\frac{1}{2}) ^{\frac{t}{t_{1/2} } }[/tex]

[tex]\frac{t}{t_{1/2} }[/tex] = 2

Since, Half life of radium-223 = 12 days

then,

t/12 = 2

t = 12 × 2

t = 24 days

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The number of moles of argon gas in a 4L container at 1620KPa and 25C is 2.62 moles. This can be calculated by ideal gas equation. The number of moles will not change when the argon gas is replaced by helium gas.

What is an ideal gas equation?

The ideal gas equation states the relation between pressure, volume, number of moles and temperature. The pressure multiplied by volume is directly proportional to the number of moles multiplied to the temperature. The equation can be written as, PV = nRT.

According to the ideal gas equation,

PV = nRT

P is pressure, n is number of moles, T is temperature, V is volume.

n = 1620KPa x 4L / 8.314Jmol^-1K^-1 x 298K = 2.62 moles.

Therefore, according to ideal gas equation, 2.62 moles is the number of moles of the gas in 4L container with 1620KPa pressure and 25C temperature. The number of moles doesn't depend on the gas. So it doesn't change when argon gas is replaced with helium gas.

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Answer:

Covalent bonds usually occur between nonmetals.

Explanation:

The molarity of the solution is 66.207 M.

1) number of moles of Na2SO4

number of moles = mass/molar mass = 534/142 = 3.7605633 moles

To precipitate 3.7605633 moles of Na2SO4 we need the same amount of moles of BaCl2 = 3.7605633 moles.

2) molarity of BaCl2 solution

concentration = number of moles/volume =  3.7605633/0.0568

= 66.20710 M

Molarity is defined as the total number of moles of solute in one kilogram of solvent. Molarity is also called molarity.

The symbol for molarity is a capital M. In chemistry, a solution is a mixture of two or more substances in which none of the substances are chemically changed. The formula for calculating molarity is the ratio of the moles of solute for which the molarity is calculated and the volume of solvent used to dissolve the particular solute.

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At room temperature 15 grams of zinc will occupy 2.10 cm3

What is density of an element?

When atoms occupy a specific volume of space, their mass and number are measured by the periodic table's element densities. The quantity of mass in a particular volume, commonly expressed as grams per cm3 or g/cm3, is the density, which is a measurement of the number of particles in a certain volume of a substance.

Given the mass of zinc is 15 grams.

The density of zinc in room temperature is 7.14 g/cm^3

Density = mass/ volume

Volume =  mass / density

Volume = 15/ 7.14 = 2.10 cm3

Hence, at room temperature 15 grams of zinc will occupy 2.10 cm3.

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The term chemical weathering is said to occur when water reacts with carbon dioxide to produce carbonic acid, weakening the rock.

The term weathering has to do with the breaking down of the rock. Now we know that rocks are defined as the solid part of the earth's crust. We can find the rocks either at the surface or under the earth.

The process of the breakdown of the rocks can be initiated by many processes and one of the processes is by the break down of  the rock by the hydrolysis of the minerals that can be found in the rock. This owes to the formation of acid in the rocks.

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If the relative molecular mass of CH₂O is 60, the molecular formula of the compound would be  [tex]C_3 H_6O_3[/tex].

The empirical formula of a compound is the formula based on the simplest whole number ratio of the component atoms. The molecular formula could be in multiples of the empirical formula.

The empirical and the molecular formulas of a compound are related by the following equation:

[empirical formula]n = molecular formula

Where n = molecular formula mass/empirical formula mass

In this case, the relative molecular mass is 60. The empirical formula mass can be calculated as:

CH₂O = (12) + (2x1) + (16)

          = 40 g/mol

Thus:

n = 60/40

 = 1.5

Therefore, the molecular formula would be: [CH₂O]1.5 which is equivalent to [tex]C_3 H_6O_3[/tex]. This is because atoms combine in simple whole number ratios.

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When 0.018 mol of tripalmitin is hydrolyzed, the theoretical yield of palmitic acid will be 0.054 moles.

The hydrolysis of tripalmitin with NaOH is saponification where a glycerol compound and fatty acids are released. Thus the fatty acids combined with the Na ion further react with the acid HCl forming a salt. Tripalmitin is a triglyceride obtained from 3 hydroxy groups of glycerol by palmitic acid (hexadecanoic). Thus, this hydrolysis yield carboxylate salt and alcohol called a saponification reaction.

Hydrolysis of 1 tripalmitin releases 3 fatty acids hence, for 0.018 moles, palmitic acid yielded is,

= 0.018 × 3

= 0.054 moles.

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Answer:

All forms of hydroxides

Explanation:

The metals in Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr) are called alkali metals because they all form hydroxides (such as NaOH) that were once known as alkalies. The electron configurations of the alkali metals are characterized by a single valence electron.

Answer:

3.32%

Explanation:

To calculate the percent error, you need to use the following equation:

                             | measured value - actual value  |
Percent Error  =  --------------------------------------------------  x  100%
                                              actual value

In this equation, the measured value is the amount generated after running an experiment. The actual value is the amount generated solely through calculations.

Measured Value = 233 mL

Actual Value = 241 mL

                             |  233 mL - 241 mL  |
Percent Error  =  --------------------------------  x 100%
                                        241 mL

                                 8 mL
Percent Error  =  -----------------  x  100%
                                241 mL

Percent Error  =  0.0332  x  100%  =  3.32%

The empirical formula of a compound that contains 60% titanium and 40% oxygen by mass is TiO₂.

Empirical formula is a notation indicating the ratios of the various elements present in a compound, without regard to the actual numbers.

The empirical formula of a substance can be calculated as follows:

Next, we divide each mole value by the smallest as follows:

The empirical ratio of Titanium and oxygen is 1:2, hence, the empirical formula is TiO₂.

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DART sent images from a camera to record its progress. The collision and the results of the collision were recorded by the International Space Station.

DART stands for Double Asteroid Redirection Test. The investigative team of the (DART) mission indicates that the spacecraft's kinetic contact with its target asteroid, Dimorphos, successfully changed the asteroid's orbit.

Asteroid is a small planet in our Solar System. Asteroids range in size and shape from 1-meter boulders to a dwarf planet almost 1000 kilometers in diameter; they are stony, metallic, or ice worlds with no atmosphere.

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Explanation:

for reactions to occur, the reactants must've reach a certain amount of energy for collisions to occur. hence, if a reaction has a lower activation energy, this energy can be reached sooner therefore, reaction would occur faster.

Answer:

I'm not entirely sure about questions 3-5, but I am going to assume you want the products.

3.  [tex]Al + O_{2} = AlO_{2}[/tex]

4. [tex]2 Mg + Zn(NO_{3})_{2} = 2 Mg(NO_{3}) + Zn[/tex]

5. [tex]BaCl_{2} + Na_{2}SO_{4} = BaSO_{4} + 2 NaCl[/tex]

As for questions 6-8, it is quite simple,

6. Synthesis Reaction

7. Single Displacement Reaction or another name is Substitution Reaction

8. Decomposition Reaction

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When the kinetic energy of an object changes, the motion of that object also changes at the same time.

The amount of energy that a body posses by virtue of its motion is known as Kinetic energy. Therefore, kinetic energy can only be found in objects which are in motion. The amount of Kinetic energy is calculated as follows:

K = 1 /2 mv²

Where, K represents the kinetic energy, m is the mass of the moving object, and v is the velocity or the speed of the object at which it is moving.

If the kinetic energy of the body increases then the motion of the body also increases and if the kinetic energy decreases then the velocity also decreases.

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Answer:vaporization

Explanation:

26.21g NaNO₂ is added to it to make a buffer with a pH of 3.46.

A buffer solution's pH will not change when a small amount of an acid or an alkali is added.

A buffer solution that is acidic has a pH lower than 7, to put it simply. Acidic buffer solutions are usually made by mixing a weak acid with one of its salts, usually sodium salt.

A buffer solution with an alkaline pH exceeds 7. Alkaline buffer solutions are often made by mixing a weak base with one of its salts.

moles of HNO₂ = 24.52g HNO₂ ×[tex]\frac{1 mol HNO2}{47.013gHNO2}[/tex]

moles of HNO₂ = 0.33 moles HNO₂

pKa for HNO₂,  

pKa = -log(Ka)

pKa = -log(4.0 × 10⁻⁴)

pKa = 3.39

Now, By using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation: determine the moles of NaNO₂.

Hence, both compounds (Weak base and acid) have same volume.

also use moles instead of concentrations:

pH = pKa + log ( [tex]\frac{moles NaNO2}{moles HNO2}[/tex])

moles of NaNO₂ = moles of HNO₂ × 10[tex]^{pH-pKa}[/tex]

moles of NaNO₂ = 0.33 moles × 10³°4⁶⁻³°³⁹

moles of NaNO₂ = 0.38 moles

moles of NaNO₂ to grams of NaNO₂,

= 0.38 × (68.99/1)

= 26.21g NaNO₂

amount of NaNO₂ is 26.21g.

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The pH of 10 g dm -3 HCL​ is 3. The pH scale determines how acidic or basic water is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality.

Acidity is indicated by pH values below 7, whereas baseness is shown by pH values above 7. In reality, pH is a measurement of the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water.

Hydrogen potentials are what PH stands for. It speaks of how many hydrogen ions are present in a solution. This serves as a gauge for the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. On a pH scale, the pH value ranges from 0 to 14.

A solution's pH is a significant indicator of its chemical composition. The pH may affect how readily available nutrients are, how biological processes work, how bacteria behave, and how chemicals behave.

[ H⁺ ] = 10 − 3 M,

pH = − log [ 10 − 3 ],

pH = 3.

Thus, The pH of 10 g dm -3 HCL​ is 3.

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Only 1 atom of chromium is present in one formula unit of sodium chromate (option C).

A chemical compound is a substance formed by the union of two or more chemical elements in a fixed ratio, the union being a chemical bond.

A chemical formula, which is a notation indicating the number of atoms of each element present in a compound, shows the type and number of atoms of elements in a compound.

According to this question, a chemical compound named sodium chromate (Na₂CrO₄) is given. This chemical formula shows that only one atom of chromium is present in the compound.

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Answer:

D. 4 atoms

Explanation:

Bases that are useful for deprotonating compounds are:

NaHCO₃ or NaOH.

metal alkoxide

Sodium hydroxide

Benzene rings with carboxylic acids that are weak acids can be prepared using NaOH or NaHCO 3 due to the weakness of the carboxylic acid. deprotonated.

Metal alkoxides such as potassium tert-butoxide can be used to deprotonate benzene rings with three carbon chains attached to one carbon. Also, metal alkoxides are used because the benzene ring containing the hydroxyl group is a very weak acid.

A benzene ring with a hydroxyl group is a weak acid like a benzene ring with a carboxyl group, so it can be deprotonated with NaOH.

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Answer:

Explanation:

[He]2s²2p⁶