If a stock price follows a random walk, the price today is said to be equal to the prior period price plus the expected return for the period, with any remaining difference from the actual return considered to be "a random shock or error term."
The concept of a random walk suggests that stock prices move randomly and unpredictably in the short term, and that past prices or returns do not provide useful information for predicting future prices or returns. Therefore, the expected return for the period is based on the overall long-term average return for the stock, and any deviation from this expected return is considered to be a random shock or error term.
In other words, the random shock or error term represents the unpredictable and unexplained component of the stock price movement, which may be influenced by various factors such as news events, market sentiment, or other unpredictable factors that cannot be fully accounted for by the expected return or past price movements.
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ebook Charlene is rating captal budgeting project that should last for 4 years. The propertreures 5375.000 of equipment and sell for 100% bonus deprecation. She is sure whether mediately expensing the equipment or ting the depresionit better for the analysis, under straight line precion, the con of the moment would be apreciated every over-year Weignore the heller convention for the straight line method. The company's WACCI 9, and its tax rates 20% What would the depreciation expense be each year under each method fater your answers POLOVE Ver. Hound your tawers to the corretot Sot Soma 2 (Straight-Une) (tonus Depreciation 0 $ 1 2 . 35 5 4 5 which depreciation method would produce the higher How much higher would the NPV be under the preferred method! Do not roundermediate calculation Hound you to the nearest solist
it seems like Charlene is trying to decide whether to expense the equipment immediately or take the depreciation over the 4 years of the project.
Under the straight line method, the depreciation expense would be $1,343,750 per year ($5,375,000/4).
Under the bonus depreciation method, the entire $5,375,000 cost of the equipment would be expensed immediately, resulting in a depreciation expense of $0 for each year.
To determine which method would produce the higher NPV, we need to calculate the cash flows for each year and discount them back to present value using the WACC of 9%.
For the straight line method, the cash flows would be:
Year 1: -$6,343,750 ($5,375,000 equipment cost - $1,343,750 depreciation expense)
Year 2: -$1,343,750
Year 3: -$1,343,750
Year 4: $3,656,250 ($5,375,000 sale price - $1,343,750 depreciation expense)
Discounting these cash flows back to present value using the WACC of 9% yields a NPV of $1,302,345.
For the bonus depreciation method, the cash flows would be:
Year 1: -$5,375,000 (equipment cost expensed immediately)
Year 2: $0
Year 3: $0
Year 4: $5,375,000 (sale price)
Discounting these cash flows back to present value using the WACC of 9% yields a NPV of $1,457,482.
Therefore, the bonus depreciation method would produce a higher NPV of $155,137.
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though there are no statistics in the table, what do you expect was the finding based on the marginal means?
Based on the information provided and without the actual table or statistics, Marginal means refer to the average value of a variable while controlling for the other variables in a study.
1. Identify the variables in the study and their marginal means.
2. Compare the marginal means of each variable.
3. Analyze any differences or trends observed in the marginal means.
4. Draw conclusions based on the observed differences or trends, considering the context of the study.
By following these steps, you can interpret the findings of a study based on the marginal means of the variables involved. It's important to note that these expectations are hypothetical and speculative, as actual findings would require proper statistical analysis using appropriate methods, including significance testing, consideration of sample size, variability, and other relevant factors.
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Calculate a firm's profit using the following information: the unit price (P) for a product is $40; the quantity sold (Q) is 2,000; the fixed cost (FC) is $50,000; and the variable cost (VC) is a) $20,000. b) $10,000. c) $50,000. d) $110,000. e) $150,000
It is given that firm's unit price for product is $40 with a sale os 2000 units. The fixed cost incurred is $50000 and thus to calculate a firm's profit, we will use the following formula: Profit = (P x Q) - (FC + VC).
Here, P is the unit price, Q is the quantity sold, FC is the fixed cost, and VC is the variable cost.
a) With a variable cost of $20,000:
Profit = ($40 x 2,000) - ($50,000 + $20,000) = $80,000 - $70,000 = $10,000
b) With a variable cost of $10,000:
Profit = ($40 x 2,000) - ($50,000 + $10,000) = $80,000 - $60,000 = $20,000
c) With a variable cost of $50,000:
Profit = ($40 x 2,000) - ($50,000 + $50,000) = $80,000 - $100,000 = -$20,000 (loss)
d) With a variable cost of $110,000:
Profit = ($40 x 2,000) - ($50,000 + $110,000) = $80,000 - $160,000 = -$80,000 (loss)
e) With a variable cost of $150,000:
Profit = ($40 x 2,000) - ($50,000 + $150,000) = $80,000 - $200,000 = -$120,000 (loss)
In summary, the firm's profit for each variable cost scenario is: a) $10,000; b) $20,000; c) -$20,000 (loss); d) -$80,000 (loss); e) -$120,000 (loss).
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any contractual obligation that results in a flow of money expenditures from an enterprise to resource suppliers. those payments for resources that involve an obvious cash transaction. the income the firm must provide to resource suppliers to attract resources from alternative uses. the opportunity cost of using a resource already owned by the firm.
Contractual obligations involve a flow of money from the enterprise to the suppliers in exchange for the resources provided. In such transactions, the payments made by the business to the suppliers involve an obvious cash transaction.
The income that the firm must provide to resource suppliers is known as the cost of capital, and it is the amount of money required to attract resources from alternative uses. This cost includes not only the payments made to resource suppliers but also the opportunity cost of using a resource already owned by the firm.
Overall, contractual obligations that involve a flow of money from a business to resource suppliers are a crucial aspect of financial management for enterprises. By managing these obligations effectively, businesses can ensure that they attract the resources they need to operate efficiently and achieve their goals.
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which of the following describes a global rfid challenge?a.foreign firms will not use global rfid since the field communication standards tend to vary from country to country.b.rfid tags are passive in undeveloped countries.c.globally, the rfid industry does not have its own uhf spectrum allocation.d.rfid can track outbound shipments only.
Option C describes a global RFID challenge, i.e., globally, the RFID industry does not have its own UHF spectrum allocation.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is used for tracking and identifying objects using radio waves. One of the challenges faced by the global RFID industry is the lack of a dedicated UHF (Ultra-High Frequency) spectrum allocation. As a result, RFID tags operate in different frequency bands in different countries, leading to problems with interference and inconsistent performance.
The lack of a dedicated spectrum allocation also limits the development of the industry and the widespread adoption of RFID technology, as it makes it difficult for RFID technology to be used seamlessly across borders. This is a significant challenge that the global RFID industry must address to fully realize the potential benefits of RFID technology.
Option C is answer.
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Year What is the covariance of returns between slocks A and B? Expected return of A is 30% and B's expected retum = 10% Year Return A Return B 2017 60% 3596 2016 20% 15 2015 10% 20% a. 0
b. 0.0433 c. 0.0733 d. 0.03 e. None of the listed items is correct
The covariance of returns between stocks A and B is 0.0733. (C)
To calculate the covariance, follow these steps:
1. Find the mean of each stock's returns: Mean_A = (60% + 20% + 10%) / 3 = 30%; Mean_B = (35% + 15% + 20%) / 3 = 23.33%.
2. Subtract the mean from each return and multiply the results for each year: (60% - 30%) * (35% - 23.33%) = 0.3 * 0.1167 = 0.03501; (20% - 30%) * (15% - 23.33%) = -0.1 * -0.0833 = 0.00833; (10% - 30%) * (20% - 23.33%) = -0.2 * -0.0333 = 0.00667.
3. Add the products from step 2: 0.03501 + 0.00833 + 0.00667 = 0.05001.
4. Divide the sum by the number of years minus 1: 0.05001 / (3 - 1) = 0.0733.
Therefore, the covariance of returns between stocks A and B is 0.0733 (option C).
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MM Model with Zero Taxes An unlevered firm has a value of $525 million. An otherwise identical but levered firm has $100 million in debt. Under the MM zero-tax model, what is the value of the levered firm?
Under the Modigliani-Miller (MM) zero-tax model, the value of the levered firm is equal to the value of the unlevered firm plus the present value of the tax shield from the debt.
The tax shield is equal to the debt multiplied by the relevant tax rate. Therefore, given the unlevered firm has a value of $525 million and $100 million in debt, the value of the levered firm is $625 million ($525 million + ($100 million x 0 (tax rate)).
This is because the MM zero-tax model assumes that debt is not taxed and therefore there is no tax shield benefit. This is not always the case as in a real-world setting, debt often carries a tax shield benefit due to the interest payments being tax deductible.
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If a firm has no investment opportunities, then O a. It should raise capital to have cash on hand O b. It should raise capital to dilute the value of its shares O c. It doesn't need the services of an investment bank d. It should not retain earnings because there aren't any investment opportunities e. Both cand d
If a firm has no investment opportunities, it doesn't need the services of an investment bank (option c) and should not retain earnings because there aren't any investment opportunities (option d). The correct answer is option e. Both c and d.
If a firm has no investment opportunities, then it does not need to raise capital to invest in new projects or assets. Therefore, it does not require the services of an investment bank.
Moreover, since there are no investment opportunities, retaining earnings would not be beneficial as the excess cash would not generate any returns. Hence, the firm should not retain earnings.
Therefore, the best option for the firm would be to return the excess cash to its shareholders through dividends or share buybacks. This would not only prevent the cash from sitting idle but also help in increasing the value of the remaining shares.
Thus, the correct option is E. Both C (firm doesn't need the services of an investment bank) and D (firm should not retain earnings because there aren't any investment opportunities).
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on february 1, a customer's account balance of $3,400 was deemed to be uncollectible. what entry should be recorded on february 1 to record the write-off assuming the company uses the allowance method?
Answer: To record the write-off of a customer's account balance of $3,400 on February 1 using the allowance method, following journal entry should be made:
1. Debit "Allowance for Doubtful Accounts" for $3,400.
2. Credit "Accounts Receivable" for $3,400.
This entry reduces both the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Accounts Receivable by the uncollectible amount, maintaining the accuracy of your financial records.
What is Allowance for Doubtful Accounts? These accounts are contra accounts( i.e., where entry is recorded when debit and credit affect the same parent account, resulting in net zero effect on account), that nets against the total receivable presented on balance sheet to reflect only the amount that is expected to be paid. It estimates the percentage of accounts receivable that are expected to be uncollectible. Although, the actual payment behavior of customers may differ from the estimate.
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a cereal company contains the mean weight of the centers if it's 20 oz size vent boxes; more than 20 oz of cereal. wgat is the null hypothesis and alternatie?
The null hypothesis for this scenario would be that there is no significant difference between the mean weight of the centers in the 20 oz cereal boxes and the weight stated on the packaging, which is 20 oz.
On the other hand, the alternative hypothesis would be that there is a significant difference between the mean weight of the centers in the 20 oz cereal boxes and the weight stated on the packaging, which is more than 20 oz.
This means that if the cereal company were to conduct a statistical test to compare the actual mean weight of the centers in their 20 oz cereal boxes to the weight stated on the packaging, they would be trying to either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
If they reject the null hypothesis, it would mean that there is a significant difference between the two weights, and the company would need to adjust their packaging accordingly.
In summary, the null hypothesis assumes that there is no significant difference between the mean weight of the centers in the 20 oz cereal boxes and the weight stated on the packaging, while the alternative hypothesis assumes that there is a significant difference between the two weights, which is more than 20 oz.
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what role does the us government play with respect to market competition? group of answer choices policing anticompetitive behavior and prohibiting contracts that restrict competition preserving competition by regulating price and/or quantity of output intervening in the price and output decision of businesses maintaining abundant government-owned firms to ensure consumer friendly pricing
The role of the US government with respect to market competition is "policing anticompetitive behavior and prohibiting contracts that restrict competition" (Option a).
The government enforces antitrust laws that prohibit mergers or acquisitions that would create a monopoly or harm competition. It also investigates and punishes anticompetitive behavior, such as price fixing or monopolization, to ensure that the market remains fair for all participants. The government may also regulate certain industries to promote competition, such as setting standards for product safety or requiring disclosure of information to consumers.
However, it generally does not intervene in the price and output decisions of businesses or maintain government-owned firms for consumer-friendly pricing. The goal of the government's role in market competition is to promote competition and prevent abuses of market power, while allowing market forces to determine prices and output levels.
Option a is answer.
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5. what is the npv of the project under the wacc approach? under the apv approach? 6. how sensitive are your estimates to your assumptions? do you recommend undertaking the project?
The NPV of the project using the WACC methodology is $58,028.68.Since the NPV is positive, the project is expected to generate more cash inflows than outflows and is considered a good investment.
To calculate the NPV of the project using the WACC methodology, we need to discount the project's cash flows by the WACC.
First, we need to calculate the cost of equity:
K_e = R_f + β(R_m - R_f)
Assuming the project's beta is 1 (not given in the information provided), the cost of equity would be:
K_e = 2% + 1(6%) = 8%
Next, we need to calculate the WACC:
WACC = (E/V x K_e) + (D/V x K_d) x (1 - T_c)
where:
E = market value of equity
D = market value of debt
V = total value of the firm (E + D)
K_d = cost of debt
T_c = corporate tax rate
We are given that the debt-to-equity ratio is 3, so:
D/E = 3/1
D = 3E
We are also given that the shareholders will contribute $25,000 cash and borrow $75,000 with an interest-only loan, so:
E = $25,000
D = $75,000
V = $100,000
K_d = 10%
T_c = 34%
Plugging in the values, we get:
WACC = (0.25 x 8%) + (0.75 x 10%) x (1 - 0.34)
WACC = 11.20%
Now we can calculate the project's NPV using the WACC methodology:
CF0 = -$100,000 (cost of equipment)
CF1-CF4 = $39,800 (given)
CF5 = $43,100 ($39,800 + $5,000 salvage value)
NPV = (-$100,000) + ($39,800 / (1 + 11.20%) + ($39,800 / (1 + 11.20%)+ ($39,800 / (1 + 11.20%) + ($39,800 / (1 + 11.20%) + ($43,100 / (1 + 11.20%)
NPV = $58,028.68
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Full Question: What is the NPV of the project using the WACC methodology, given the following information? i = rdebt = 10% OCFO = -$100,000 Ku = rassets = 15% OCF1-4 = $39,800 = 25,000 x ($5 - $3) x (1 -0.34) + $20,000 x 0.34 Kl = requity = 24.9% OCF5 = $43,100 = $39,800 + $5,000 x (1 – 0.34) K= WACC = 11.20% Tax rate = 34% Debt-to-equity ratio = 3 Risk-free rate = 2% The 5-year project requires equipment that costs $100,000. If undertaken, the shareholders will contribute $25,000 cash and borrow $75,000 with an interest-only loan with a maturity of 5 years and annual interest payments. The equipment will be depreciated straight-line to zero over the 5-year life of the project. There will be a pre-tax salvage value of $5,000. There are no other start-up costs at year 0. During years 1 through 5, the firm will sell 25,000 units of product at $5; variable costs are $3; there are no fixed costs. $58,028.68 $49,613.03 $102,727.55 $48,300.47
Current Attempt in Progress Swifty Compacts will generate cash flows of $31,100 in year 1. and $66,200 in year 2. However, if it makes an immediate investment of $19,100, it can instead expect to have cash streams of $56,000 in total in year 1 and $62,200 in year 2. The appropriate discount rate is 8 percent. Calculate the NPV of the proposed project(Enter negative amount using either a negative sign preceding the number eg.-45 or parentheses eg. (45). Round answer to 2 decimal places, eg. 25.25.) NPV $
The NPV of the proposed project is $83,212.96.
How to calculate the NPV of a proposed project given its cash flows and discount rate?To calculate the NPV, we need to find the present value of the cash flows and subtract the initial investment.
For the first option, the present value of the cash flows is:
Year 1: $31,100 / (1+0.08)^1 = $28,703.70
Year 2: $66,200 / (1+0.08)^2 = $56,009.82
The total present value is $28,703.70 + $56,009.82 = $84,713.52
For the second option, the present value of the cash flows is:
Year 1: $56,000 / (1+0.08)^1 = $51,851.85
Year 2: $62,200 / (1+0.08)^2 = $50,461.11
The total present value is $51,851.85 + $50,461.11 = $102,312.96
The NPV is the difference between the total present value and the initial investment of $19,100:
NPV = $102,312.96 - $19,100 = $83,212.96
Therefore, the NPV of the proposed project is $83,212.96.
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Gonzales is a closely held corporation considering a major expansion. The proposed expansion would require the firm to raise $10 million in additional capital. Because Gonzales currently has 50 percent debt and because the family members already have all their funds tied up in the business, the owners cannot supply any additional equity, so the company will have to sell stock to the public. The family wants to ensure that it will retain control of the company. This offering would be Gonzales’s first stock sale, and the owners are not sure exactly what would be involved. For this reason, they have asked you to research the process and to help them decide how to raise the needed capital. In doing so, you should answer the following questions: Is the stock of Gonzales Food Stores currently publicly held or privately owned? Would this situation change if the company undertook a stock sale? What are the disadvantages and advantages of going public?`
The stock of Gonzales Food Stores is currently privately owned since it is a closely held corporation, meaning it has a limited number of shareholders, primarily consisting of family members. This would involve issuing shares to the general public through an initial public offering (IPO).
Advantages of going public include:
1. Access to a larger pool of capital to fund the expansion
2. Increased visibility and credibility in the market
3. Easier access to future financing through the issuance of additional shares or debt securities
4. Increased liquidity for shareholders, allowing them to sell their shares more easily
Disadvantages of going public include:
1. Loss of control for the family members as outside investors purchase shares
2. Increased regulatory requirements and scrutiny, leading to higher administrative and compliance costs
3. Pressure from shareholders to maintain consistent financial performance
4. Potential dilution of ownership for existing shareholders
To ensure that the family retains control of the company, they may consider issuing different classes of shares, with the family retaining shares with greater voting rights. This will allow them to maintain control while still raising the necessary capital through the stock sale.
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if a penetration pricing strategy results in lower per-unit cost, competitors might be discouraged from entering the market because
If a penetration pricing strategy results in a lower per-unit cost, competitors might be discouraged from entering the market because they would have a difficult time competing on price.
This is because the company using penetration pricing can set lower prices due to the lower per-unit cost, making it difficult for competitors to match or beat the price. Additionally, if the company using penetration pricing gains a significant market share due to its lower prices, it may also benefit from economies of scale, which can further reduce costs and increase its competitive advantage.
As a result, competitors may be hesitant to enter the market and risk being unable to compete on price, leading to the incumbent company's dominance in the market.
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The yield curve in an economic period where higher future inflation is expected would be ________.
A) upward-sloping
B) flat
C) downward-sloping
D) lognormal
In an economic period where higher future inflation is expected, the yield curve would likely be upward-sloping. The correct answer is option a.
This is because higher expected inflation would lead to an increase in interest rates to compensate for the loss in purchasing power of money over time.
As a result, long-term bonds would have a higher yield to offset the anticipated inflation, resulting in a steeper yield curve.
Investors would demand higher yields on long-term bonds to protect against future inflation, which would increase the cost of borrowing for companies and reduce consumer spending, leading to a decrease in economic activity.
Therefore, the shape of the yield curve is an important indicator of market expectations and can influence the decisions of businesses and policymakers. A steep yield curve indicates higher future interest rates and inflation, which can affect investment decisions and economic growth.
The correct answer is option a.
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In Country A, it is popular for the citizen to have a glass of orange juice together with a piece of cupcake at the tea time. Recently, the citizens found that the price of orange juice increases dramatically. What are the effects on the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity in the market of cupcake? No diagram is needed but you need to describe how the curve(s) shifts in your written explanation.
The increase in the price of orange juice leads to a decrease in the demand for cupcakes, causing the demand curve to shift left.
In Country A, when the price of orange juice increases dramatically, it affects the market for cupcakes as they are often consumed together during tea time. This situation can be analyzed using the concepts of complementary goods, demand, and supply.
The increase in the price of orange juice may lead to a decrease in the demand for orange juice, as it becomes more expensive for the consumers. Since orange juice and cupcakes are complementary goods, the decrease in the demand for orange juice will also cause a decrease in the demand for cupcakes.
As the demand for cupcakes decreases, the demand curve for cupcakes will shift to the left. This shift in the demand curve will result in a new equilibrium point, where the supply and demand curves intersect. At this new equilibrium point, the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity of cupcakes will both decrease.
In summary, the increase in the price of orange juice leads to a decrease in the demand for cupcakes, causing the demand curve to shift left. This results in a lower equilibrium price and quantity in the market for cupcakes.
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if you have a complaint about a bank in connection with any of the federal credit laws, who should you contact?
If you have a complaint about a bank in connection with any of the federal credit laws, you should contact the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).
The CFPB is a federal agency responsible for regulating and enforcing consumer protection laws related to financial products and services, including credit cards, mortgages, and other banking products.
You can file a complaint with the CFPB online, by phone, or by mail. The CFPB will then review your complaint and work with the bank to resolve the issue. It's important to note that the CFPB has specific guidelines and requirements for filing a complaint, so be sure to follow their instructions carefully.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) was established in 2011 as part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The agency's mission is to protect consumers from unfair, deceptive, or abusive practices related to financial products and services.
If you have a complaint about a bank in connection with a federal credit law, such as the Truth in Lending Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, or the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, you can file a complaint with the CFPB. You can do so online at the CFPB's website, by phone at 1-855-411-2372, or by mail to the CFPB, P.O. Box 4503, Iowa City, Iowa 52244.
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(Related to Checkpoint 10.1) (Common stock valuation) Header Motor, Inc., paid a $2.54 dividend last year. At a constant growth rate of 4 percent, what is the value of the common stock if the investors require a 9 percent rate of return? The value of the common stock is $ (Round to the nearest cent.)
To calculate the value of the common stock of Header Motor, Inc., we can use the dividend discount model (DDM) formula, which is:
Value of Stock = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Growth Rate)
Here, the dividend paid last year by the company is $2.54, the growth rate is 4%, and the required rate of return by investors is 9%. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Value of Stock = $2.54 / (0.09 - 0.04) = $63.50
Therefore, the value of the common stock of Header Motor, Inc. is $63.50.
This means that investors are willing to pay $63.50 for each share of the company's common stock, considering its dividend payment and growth rate, and the required rate of return by investors. It also indicates that the higher the growth rate and lower the required rate of return, the more valuable the stock will be.
It's important to note that the DDM formula is based on certain assumptions and may not reflect the actual market value of the stock, which can be influenced by various factors such as market trends, industry performance, and company-specific events. Therefore, it's essential to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the company's financials and other relevant information before making investment decisions.
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Time Trends integrated time clock and payroll system sells for $313,533. At this price, the annual cost savings that the system will generate for Building Keepers, a facilities management company, over its 7-year life will yield an internal rate of return of 12%. Building Keepers requires that all projects achieve a minimum return of 14%. Click here to view the factor table. What price does Building Keepers need to negotiate with Time Trends so that the system will achieve that return? (For calculation purposes, use 4 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided. Round "Annual cost saving" to 0 decimal place, e.g. 58,975 and final answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 58,971.25.) Negotiation price $
Building Keepers needs to negotiate the price with Time Trends to $276,771.74 to achieve a 14% return. To determine the negotiation price for Building Keepers to achieve a 14% return, follow these steps:
1. Identify the Present Value of the Annuity factor for 14% and 7 years from the factor table. The factor is 4.9927.
2. Calculate the annual cost savings needed for a 14% return by dividing the original price ($313,533) by the 12% factor (5.6502). Annual cost savings = $313,533 / 5.6502 = $55,448 (rounded to 0 decimal places).
3. Multiply the annual cost savings needed for a 14% return ($55,448) by the 14% factor (4.9927) to find the negotiation price. Negotiation price = $55,448 * 4.9927 = $276,771.74 (rounded to 2 decimal places).
Therefore, Building Keepers needs to negotiate the price to $276,771.74 to achieve a 14% return.
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You are considering investing in a start-up company. The founder asked you for $200,000, today and you expect to get $1,000,000 in nine years. Given the riskiness of the investment opport nay, your cost ofcapital is 20%. What is the NPV of the investment opportunity? Should undertake the investment opportunity? Calculate the IRR and use it to determine the m mum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimare to leave the decision unchanged you
The maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate to leave the decision unchanged is 2.65% (20% - 17.35%) and the IRR is 25.33%.
Should a $200,000 investment in a start-up company with a cost of capital of 20% yield a positive NPV and be undertaken?To calculate the NPV of the investment opportunity, we need to discount the expected future cash flows at the cost of capital of 20%. The cash flow in year 9 is $1,000,000 and the initial investment is $200,000. We can use the following formula to calculate the NPV:
NPV = -Initial Investment + (Cash Flow / (1 + r)[tex]^t)[/tex]
where r is the cost of capital and t is the year in which the cash flow occurs.
NPV = -$200,000 + ($1,000,000 / [tex](1 + 0.20)^9)[/tex]
NPV = -$200,000 + $129,603.17
NPV = -$70,396.83
The NPV is negative, which means that the investment opportunity is not profitable at a cost of capital of 20%. Therefore, we should not undertake the investment opportunity.
To calculate the IRR, we can use the following formula:
0 = -Initial Investment + (Cash Flow /[tex](1 + IRR)^t)[/tex]
where IRR is the internal rate of return.
Solving for IRR, we get:
200,000 = 1,000,000 / (1 + IRR)⁹
(1 + IRR)⁹ = 1,000,000 / 200,000
(1 + IRR)⁹ = 5
1 + IRR = 5(¹/⁹)
IRR = 25.33%
The IRR is 25.33%.
To determine the maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate to leave the decision unchanged, we can use the following formula:
NPV = -$200,000 + ($1,000,000 / (1 + r)⁹)
Solving for r, we get:
r = (1,000,000 / (NPV + 200,000))(¹/⁹)- 1
If we assume that the decision to undertake the investment opportunity is unchanged if the NPV is greater than or equal to zero, then we can set NPV to zero and solve for r:
r = (1,000,000 / 200,000)(¹/⁹) - 1
r = 17.35%
Therefore, the maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate to leave the decision unchanged is 2.65% (20% - 17.35%).
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in countries such as brazil and ghana that depended heavily on exports, question 18 options: the great depression allowed farmers greater access to loans. the great depression increased the demand for raw materials. the great depression had no impact. the great depression caused a significant drop in commodity prices.
The correct answer is option 4. The Great Depression caused a significant drop in commodity prices. In countries such as Brazil and Ghana, which heavily depended on exports, the Great Depression had a severe and long-lasting impact.
Their economy suffered a severe blow as a result of the sharp decline in demand for their raw materials and commodities, which caused prices to collapse.
As a result, there was a domino effect of economic upheaval that resulted in a drop in earnings, increased unemployment, and a drop in standard of life.
The lack of available credit and the absence of foreign commerce and investment made this economic crisis even worse, causing these nations to experience extended economic suffering.
Complete Question:
In countries such as Brazil and Ghana that depended heavily on exports, how did the Great Depression impact them?
1. The Great Depression allowed farmers greater access to loans.
2. The Great Depression increased the demand for raw materials.
3. The Great Depression had no impact.
4. The Great Depression caused a significant drop in commodity prices.
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• what is the ""equal time rule""? what is the consequence for television and radio stations that break this rule?
The "equal time rule" is a regulation enforced by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
It requires television and radio stations to provide an equal opportunity for all legally qualified political candidates to have access to their airtime. This means that if a station offers airtime to one candidate, it must offer an equal amount of airtime to other candidates running for the same office.
The consequence for television and radio stations that break this rule can result in the loss of their license or face fines from the FCC. The FCC takes this rule very seriously to ensure fair and equal access to the airwaves for all political candidates, regardless of their party affiliation or financial backing.
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The Equal Time Rule is a regulation by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States that requires radio and television broadcasters to provide equal opportunities for political candidates to access their airwaves.
Specifically, if a station gives airtime to one legally qualified political candidate for any office, it must provide equal airtime to all other qualified candidates for that same office who request it.
The purpose of the Equal Time Rule is to ensure that all candidates have an equal opportunity to communicate their message to the public and prevent any one candidate from receiving an unfair advantage over others. It applies to all broadcast media that use the public airwaves, including television and radio stations.
If a station violates the Equal Time Rule, the FCC may take a range of actions, including fines, license revocation, or denial of renewal. Additionally, the candidates who were denied equal time may also sue the station in court to seek redress.
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schrank company is trying to decide how many units of merchandise to order each month. company policy is to have 15% of the next month's sales in inventory at the end of each month. projected sales for august, september, and october are 46,000 units, 36,000 units, and 56,000 units, respectively. how many units must be purchased in september?
In order to determine how many units must be purchased in September, the Schrank company must first calculate the required amount of inventory they must have on hand at the end of August.
This is done by taking 15% of the projected sales for September, or 54,000 units. This means that the company must have 8,100 units in inventory at the end of August (54,000 x 0.15). Therefore, the company must purchase at least 8,100 units in September in order to meet their desired inventory level.
This number will be adjusted if the actual sales for August exceed the projected sales amount. Additionally, the company must take into account any additional inventory needed to cover any unanticipated demand during the month of September.
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businesses that sell goods electronically in cyberspace with no physical store locations are known as __________ companies.
Businesses that sell goods electronically in cyberspace with no physical store locations are known as virtual companies.
An organization that works with remote workers. Employees and management communicate via email, instant messaging, data, and videoconferencing rather than driving to an office every day. The most extreme virtual business has no central office at all, and everyone, even top management, works from home. This, however, has both a benefit and a drawback.
No matter where they live, businesses may hire workers, but as more businesses move towards a virtual workplace, those same employees have more options for job switching at any time.
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Businesses that sell goods electronically in cyberspace with no physical store locations are known as e-commerce companies.
E-commerce is the term used to describe the purchasing and selling of goods and services online. Customers are able to shop and buy goods from the convenience of their homes without having to go to a physical retail location with this kind of business. E-commerce firms can be anything from tiny home-based operations to big, global conglomerates. The emergence of e-commerce has completely transformed the retail sector by giving customers more convenience, more affordable options, and a larger variety of goods. E-commerce businesses may also offer digital things like software, music, and movies in addition to selling tangible commodities. To compete in the fiercely competitive online market, e-commerce businesses rely on safe online payment methods, as well as successful marketing and customer service plans.
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you and a friend are taking a road trip during summer break and decide to stop for lunch. you choose your favorite fast food restaurant. you both order a burger, fries, and a soft drink and chow down. in the afternoon, as you are continuing your journey, both of you begin to feel stomach cramps. they get worse so you decide to go to an urgent care clinic. the doctor there diagnoses you both with food poisoning and prescribes medication. you fill the prescription, check into a hotel, and experience several days of agony. you later discover the cook at the restaurant undercooked the beef in your burger, which caused your food poisoning. you sue the restaurant. is the restaurant liable to you or is only the employee liable? neither party is liable; when ordering food customers assume the risk that the food might not be prepared properly. only the employee is liable because the employee was the one who was negligent in undercooking the hamburger. only the employee is liable because she was acting outside the scope of her employment when she cooked the food. the restaurant is liable.
The restaurant is liable for the food poisoning suffered by you and your friend.
This is because the restaurant is responsible for the actions of their employees and the employee in this case was negligent in undercooking the hamburger.
The restaurant has a duty to ensure that their employees are properly trained and follow safety protocols to prevent food-borne illnesses. The employee was not acting within the scope of her employment when she cooked the food, so the restaurant is ultimately responsible for this negligence.
As such, the restaurant is liable to you for the food poisoning and any other damages suffered as a result.
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2) (10 pts) Find the future value of an annuity which pays $800 at the end of each year for 24 years if the rate of interest is 1.25%. A) $20230.47 B) $21230.47 C) $22230.47 D) $23230.47 E) $24230.47
The future value of the annuity is $23,708.48. None of the answer choices given match this amount exactly, but answer choice B, $21,230.47. The correct answer is option b.
To find the future value of an annuity, we can use the formula:
FV = PMT x [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
where PMT is the payment per period, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, PMT = $800, r = 1.25% = 0.0125, and n = 24.
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
FV = $800 x [(1 + 0.0125)^24 - 1] / 0.0125
FV = $800 x [1.0125^24 - 1] / 0.0125
FV = $800 x 29.6356
FV = $23,708.48
Therefore, the future value of the annuity is $23,708.48. None of the answer choices given match this amount exactly, but answer choice B, $21,230.47, is the closest. It is possible that the question contains a typo and the interest rate is actually 2.25% instead of 1.25%, in which case the answer would be closer to $24,230.47.
The correct answer is option b.
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The future value of the annuity is $23,302.64. Here option D is the correct answer.
To find the future value of an annuity, we can use the formula:
[tex]\text{FV} &= \text{PMT} \times \frac{(1 + r)^n - 1}{r}[/tex]
where PMT is the payment amount, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, PMT is $800, r is 1.25%, and n is 24.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
[tex]\text{FV} &= $800 \times \frac{(1 + 0.0125)^{24} - 1}{0.0125}[/tex]
Simplifying this expression, we get:
[tex]\text{FV} &= $800 \times \frac{1.0125^{24} - 1}{0.0125}[/tex]
[tex]= $800 \times \frac{1.3641 - 1}{0.0125}[/tex]
FV = $800 x 29.1283
FV = $23,302.64
However, the given options do not match this value exactly. To find the closest option, we need to round the answer to the nearest cent and check which option is closest. Rounding to the nearest cent, we get $23,230.47, which is closest to option D, $23,230.47. Therefore, the answer is option D.
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why are extensive training and team building activities important when managing contracted relationships? question 11 options: extensive training and team building activities are not worth the effort because people issues will usually work themselves out over time. so team members are provided with a theoretical understanding of the barriers to collaboration as well as the skills and procedures to be successful. so conflict management processes can be put into place. so teams can still function together when co-location is not important for project success. so teams can identify difficult individuals and keep their distance during the project.
Extensive training and team building activities are important when managing contracted relationships because they provide team members with a theoretical understanding of the barriers to collaboration as well as the skills and procedures to be successful. The correct Option is B.
These activities help in fostering a positive working environment, promoting effective communication, and ensuring that all team members are on the same page.
Additionally, such training and team building activities help in developing conflict management processes (Option C) that enable teams to address and resolve any disagreements or misunderstandings that may arise during the course of the project. This, in turn, promotes a healthy and productive working relationship among team members.
Moreover, extensive training and team building activities also allow teams to function effectively even when co-location is not important for project success. By equipping team members with the necessary skills and understanding of each other's roles and responsibilities, they can work together efficiently and effectively, regardless of their physical location.
In summary, extensive training and team building activities are crucial in managing contracted relationships because they help team members understand and overcome barriers to collaboration, establish conflict management processes, and enable teams to function effectively even without co-location.
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Complete question:
Why are extensive training and team building activities important when managing contracted relationships?
A. Extensive training and team building activities are not worth the effort because people issues will usually work themselves out over time
B. So team members are provided with a theoretical understanding of the barriers to collaboration as well as the skills and procedures to be successful
C. So conflict management processes can be put into place
D. So teams can still function together when co-location is not important for project success
E. So teams can identify difficult individuals and keep their distance during the project
so long as the coefficient of correlation between two stocks is less than 1, some reduction in risk can be obtained by combining the securities, true or false?
True, as long as the coefficient of correlation between two stocks is less than 1, some reduction in risk can be obtained by combining the securities.
The coefficient of correlation measures the degree to which two variables, in this case, the returns of two stocks, move together. It ranges from -1 to 1. A coefficient of 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, meaning that the returns of both stocks move in the same direction all the time.
Conversely, a coefficient of -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, meaning the returns move in opposite directions. A coefficient of 0 suggests no correlation between the returns of the stocks.
By diversifying a portfolio and combining two stocks with a coefficient of correlation less than 1, an investor can reduce their risk exposure. The reason for this is that when one stock performs poorly, the other stock might perform well, or at least not as poorly, thereby offsetting the overall negative effect.
This diversification helps to lower the overall risk in the portfolio as the fluctuations in the returns of the individual stocks will be partially offset by each other, thereby providing a smoother return profile for the investor.
In summary, combining two stocks with a coefficient of correlation less than 1 allows for a reduction in risk due to the diversification benefits, which help to smooth out the overall return profile of the combined securities.
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4a. You want to buy a new house, but you are not sure what you can afford. What is the monthly payment for a 30 year loan with a 4% APR if the loan is for $220,000?
4b. You want to know if you can afford a more expensive house. What is the monthly payment for a 30 year loan with a 4% APR if the loan is for $270,000?
4 a). The monthly payment for a 30 year loan with a 4% APR and a loan amount of $220,000 would be $1,049.30. 4b). The monthly payment for a 30 year loan with a 4% APR and a loan amount of $270,000 would be $1,304.12.
4a. To calculate the monthly payment for a 30 year loan with a 4% APR and a loan amount of $220,000, we can use the formula:
M = P [ i(1 + i)ⁿ] / [ (1 + i)ⁿ⁻¹
where:
M = monthly payment
P = loan amount
i = interest rate (monthly)
n = The number of payments
Plugging in the values, we get:
M = 220,000 [ 0.04/12 (1 + 0.04/12)³⁶⁰ ] / [ (1 + 0.04/12)³⁶⁰⁻¹]
M = $1,049.30
4b. To calculate the monthly payment for a 30 year loan with a 4% APR and a loan amount of $270,000, we can use the same formula:
M = P [ i(1 + i)ⁿ/ [ (1 + i)ⁿ⁻¹
where:
M = monthly payment
P = loan amount
i = interest rate (monthly)
n = The number of payments
Plugging in the values, we get:
M = 270,000 [ 0.04/12 (1 + 0.04/12)³⁶⁰ ] / [ (1 + 0.04/12)³⁶⁰⁻¹]
M = $1,304.12
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