It is because our immune system fights off bacteria.
In most cases, bacteria and the immune system communicate through proteins on the surfaces of the bacteria that the immune system recognizes.
Additionally, certain bacteria produce chemicals that affect our immune cells, either by altering their composition or function by producing more or fewer immune cells.
A strong immune system can fight against pathogens—or disease-causing microorganisms—invading healthy tissue, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and cancer cells.
The fight against the COVID-19 pandemic depends on our ability to comprehend how the immune system functions and how we can better safeguard our bodies.
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What would be problematic about making one side of the sowbug/pillbug chamber hot and dark while the other side is cool and illuminated?.
Making one side of the sowbug or pillbug chamber hot and dark while the other side is cool and illuminated would be problematic because: the bugs might prefer light environments but dislike cool backgrounds. It would be not easy to compare two differences simultaneously and there would be confounding variables.
What are the confounding variables?Confounding variables are the third variable that influences both dependent and independent variables. This variable could distort the associations between the two variables. If we make one side of the sowbug hot and dark while the other side is cool and illuminated, the true relationship between the two variables will not be accurate.
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Glucose sugar, a large molecule, can ONLY pass through the cell membrane with the help of a __________ via the process of _______________________.
Glucose sugar, a large molecule, can ONLY pass through the cell membrane with the help of a carrier protein via the process of facilitated diffusion.
Which membrane must glucose pass through?A large class of membrane proteins known as glucose transporters aid in the enhanced diffusion of glucose across the plasma membrane.
Therefore, Large molecules make it challenging for glucose to diffuse across a membrane. As a result, it moves down the concentration gradient through enhanced diffusion across membranes. The glucose is bound by the carrier protein at the membrane, which changes its structure to make it easier to transfer.
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which lewis antigen(s) would be detected when phenotyping the red cells of an adult who has the le, se, and h genes?
Once the secretor (Se) genes is missing is the Lea antigen present upon that red blood cell membrane.
What are the 4 types of cells?Epithelial cells, which are closely bonded to one another, nerve impulses, which are specialized in communication, muscle cells, which are specialized in contraction, and connective tissue cells are the four primary cell types.
Where are cells found?Upon the earth, there really are living cells wherever unless it is sterile. If you run your hands along a smooth metal gate, you will likely find pollen, bacterial, fungal, and green algal cells (even wood is made up of dead plant cells).
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Blood is called tissue give reason
Blood is both a tissue and a fluid. It is a tissue because it is a collection of similarly specialized cells that serve particular functions. These cells are suspended in a liquid matrix (plasma), which makes the blood a fluid.
Explanation:Blood is considered a type of connective tissue because it connects the body systems, transports oxygen and nutrients to all the parts of the body, and removes waste products. Blood has an extra-cellular matrix called plasma, with red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets floating in it. Blood is a specialized form of fluid connective tissue. Blood is regarded as a connective tissue because as the blood is circulated throughout the body due to the pumping action of the heart, it carries different materials and gases from one part of the body to another. Hence, it connects different tissues and organs of the body and thus, is called connective tissue. It is considered a connective tissue because it consists of blood cells surrounded by a nonliving fluid matrix called blood plasma. It is the most atypical connective tissue: the fibres of blood are soluble protein molecules that become visible during blood clotting.
what is meant by translocation? view available hint(s)for part f what is meant by translocation? the two ribosomal subunits are joined in a complex. the ribosome slides one codon down the mrna. the polypeptide chain grows by one amino acid. the completed polypeptide is released from the ribosome.
The ribosome slides one codon down the mRNA. Option B.
Transcription is the technique of the producing of RNA from DNA. Translation is the gadget of the formation of protein from RNA. Translocation is the motion of substances in vegetation from the leaves to other elements of the plant. Translation takes area at the ribosome, which includes rRNA and proteins. In translation, the instructions in mRNA are take a look at, and tRNA brings the perfect collection of amino acids to the ribosome.
Metabolic techniques, particularly the products of photosynthesis are transported from the leaves in which they may be formed to unique factors of the plant. This shipping of soluble photosynthetic products is known as translocation and takes vicinity in a part of the vascular tissue called the phloem. A mutation wherein non-homologous chromosomes change stretches of DNA. Autosomal issues. Autosomal troubles affect each women and men.
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Why do heart cells have different characteristics than skin cells?
Responses
Heart cells have different DNA than skin cells.
Heart cells reproduce by cell differentiation.
Heart cells express different genes than skin cells.
Heart cells reproduce by mitosis
Answer:
c) Heart cells express different genes than skin cells.
Explanation:
Heart cells have different characteristics than skin cells because, the heart cells express different genes than skin cells. Hence, the option (c) is correct answer.
Which objective lens should you start with when attempting to locate something under the microscope?.
When attempting to locate something under the microscope, the objective lens that should be started with is 4X.
Objective lens are the one that are placed closest to the specimen when observing under the microscope. Their function is to gather light from the specimen and focus it towards a different type of lens called the ocular lens.
4X is the lowest magnification of the objective lenses. However, they have a larger field of view and therefore more of the specimen can be observed at once that allows the observer to locate the exact target. Due to poor magnification, the target may not be clearly visible, however it can be later watched in higher magnification.
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the pharmacological suppression of pain impulses at the level of the spinal cord induces which effect?
The pharmacological suppression of pain impulses at the level of the spinal cord induces which effect is Analgesia.
Hepatotoxicity from NSAIDs can occur at any time but is most likely 6 to 12 weeks after administration. Risk factors for NSAID-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity include female sex age 50 years and underlying autoimmune disease. Because prophylactic analgesia is an antinociceptive treatment given before incision or surgery, it is important to remember the timing of prophylactic analgesia.
This prevents the occurrence of changes in afferent input processing that increase postoperative pain. The strongest prescription pain relievers are opioids. Although they are highly effective people who take them run the risk of addiction and overdose. Since pain relievers have side effects and risks, non-pharmacological remedies should be tried first. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian nervous system.
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Which type of rock would be described as layered pieces of other rocks and fossils?.
Mudstone, shale, and limestone can be called as sedimentary rock have probability to contain fossils. As the layers of sediments collects on top of each other, they forms physical timeline. The earliest layers, along with the organisms that were fossilized as they formed, are bottomless. The new layers are seen at the top.
Sedimentary rocks are formed by various tiny sediments or rocks. They are formed on or near the Earth's surface, in distinction to metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are developed deep within the Earth.
These are also described as stratified rocks as strata is organised in layered pieces.
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Match the following facts about food chains and food webs.
______ show one set of predator/prey relationship
______ show all predator/prey relationships in the ecosystem
______ shows how energy is passed through different consumers
______ Does not include producers
a. Both food chains and food webs
b. Food chains
c. Food webs
d. Wrong since both food chains
and food webs do this
Answer:
- Food chains show one set of predator/prey relationship
- Food webs show all predator/prey relationships in the ecosystem
- Both food chains and food webs shows how energy is passed through different consumers
I'm pretty sure this is correct. I hope it helps :)
Why might cells need to make new copies of
themselves? Do all Cells reproduce in the same way? What are the steps of Mitosis?
What happens at each step in the process? What happens when cells lose control
over their ability to divide? How could this happen?
Cells divide for the purpose of survival and growth of organisms. This way, chromosome numbers are maintained and damaged cells are renewed as well.
What is Mitotis?
Mitosis is the division of cells which results in the formation of two daughter cells. They both have the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Mitosis involves the following phases:
Prophase is where the chromosomes shorten in length and thicken.Metaphase is where the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.Anaphase is where the chromatids break at the centromere after which they move to opposite poles.Telophase is where the two nuclei formed after nuclear envelopes reform around the groups of chromosomes.When cells lose their control over the ability to divide, they can accumulate genetic disorders that may lead to cancerous tumors. This happens when the normal cell cycle is disrupted and it therefore loses control.
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why does meitosis is called reduction division
Mitosis is known as the reduction division because it results in cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is an order of cell division in which the chromosome number in the cells reduces upshot in haploid cells. Meiosis is called reduction division because the integer of chromosomes in the daughter cells is half that of the parent cell. · Meiosis and its importance. Meiosis is sometimes called "reduction division" because it reduces the number of chromosomes to half the normal figure, Meiosis is referred to as reduction division because the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells has been lower. Meiosis is called reduction division because of the figure of chromosomes.
So we can conclude that Meiosis is a type of cell division in which the chromosome number in the cells reduces by half that resulted in the production of haploid number of chromosomes.
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the constriction of blood vessels in the scalp, which limits the oxygen supply to the brain is a .
An intracranial stenosis is a narrowing of the blood arteries in the scalp that reduces the oxygen supply to the brain.
What causes the scalp's blood arteries to constrict, limiting the amount of oxygen that can reach the brain?A narrowing of the arteries within the brain is known as intracranial stenosis. It is brought on by a buildup of plaque in the blood vessel's inner wall, just like carotid stenosis in the neck. The part of the brain that the damaged veins serve has less blood flow as a result of the blood vessels' constriction.
Which happens at the initial phase of stress?Your body's defenses begin to build during the alarm stage, when your central nervous system is awakened. A fight-or-flight reaction is produced at this SOS stage. During the resistance stage, your body starts to heal and restore normal heart rate, blood pressure, etc.
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not all individuals are identical in what? A. ecosystem, B. community, C. Organism, D. Populations
According to the research, the correct answer is option B. In a community not all individuals are identical.
What is a community?It is a group of populations of different individuals, who live in the same place or biotope in which they find the environmental circumstances to guarantee their survival.
In this sense, these organisms of different species coexist and interrelate in a geographical region, forming a trophic chain and competing for the prolongation of their species.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, a community is established by the set of different individuals that live in the same habitat, thus the correct answer is option B.
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Based on the parent genotypes and using this Punnett Square, what percentage of offspring can display the recessive trait?
Responses
100%
100%
50%
50%
25%
25%
0% No offspring can display the recessive trait
Answer:
you need too go ask a tutor about this
Explanation:
Answer:0% No offspring can display the recessive trait
Explanation:
just did the test
After an initial infection, b-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?.
Answer: Accelerates Immune Response in the event the antigen is present again.
Explanation:
B-cells function is to memorize the characteristics of the antigen that activated their parent B cell during initial infection such that if the memory B cell later encounters the same antigen, it triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response.
Would there be more ocean floor between the continents or less? Why?
Answer:
Yes there is
Explanation:
There is more ocean flooring than there is land, reason being is there is a lot more water than land. Take a look at pangea there is more water than there is land and its being stopped from reaching the core by the ocean floor and there is a lot of floor on the bottom of the ocean so yes there is more ocean floor between the continents. There is more because pangea broke off into pieces making more room for land
what features of dna make it possible to make recombinant dna in the lab? group of answer choices all of these choices are correct. two double helices from different sources can be ligated together.
All organisms have the same genetic code, restriction enzymes can cut DNA from all species, and two double helices can be ligated from different sources.
What parts of DNA make it up?DNA's building units are chemical compounds called nucleotides. These building blocks consist of three elements: one of four possible nitrogen bases, phosphate groups, and sugar groups. The phosphate and sugar groups are alternated when nucleotides are linked together to form chains, which is how DNA strands are built.
How does DNA serve a purpose?Information is stored in DNA. It contains data necessary to produce proteins, which are other big molecules. The 46 lengthy structures known as chromosomes that make up each of your cells house these instructions. Many thousands of smaller DNA pieces, known as genes, make up these chromosomes.
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what are the different types of information? group of answer choices levels, forms, granularities levels, forms, data levels, formats, granularities data, formats, granularities
The different type of information are Levels, formats , granularities.
The levels app assigns a metabolic rating to each meals to can help you realize the way it affects your blood sugar. The app will even assign a rating for every day which helps you to appearance returned to see trends. You could see that I generally tend to eat worse starting Friday thru Sundays.
When you first sign up for degrees, the full value might be $398 USD.
There are numerous varieties of degrees inclusive of dumpy degree, Y degree, cushing's degree, tilting level, cooke's reversible degree and automated degree gadgets for leveling in surveying. The technique of measuring vertical distances in surveying is known as leveling.
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A sequence of biotic changes that regenerate or create an ecological community is known as?.
A sequence of biotic changes that regenerate or create an ecological community is known as ecological succession.
Ecological succession is the process of change in an ecological community's species composition over time. The time frame can span several decades or fewer (for instance, following a wildfire). The community grows through an increase in complexity from a small number of pioneering plants and animals to a stable or self-sustaining climax community.
Succession is a process that occurs after a disturbance or the early colonization of a new environment. It involves changes to an ecological community that are more or less predictable and orderly. Secondary succession refers to succession that occurs after a pre-existing community has been disrupted, whereas primary succession refers to succession that starts in new environments with no impact from pre-existing groups.
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An example of an age-structure influence on human population size is that _____.
An example of an age-structure influence on human population size is that populations dominated by juveniles should experience rapid growth.
A populace's boom fee is strongly stimulated through the proportions of people of precise ages. With understanding of this age shape, populace boom may be extra appropriately predicted. Age structure data permit the fee of boom (or decline) to be related to a populace's degree of monetary development.
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select all that are categories of neurotransmitters based on chemical composition. multiple select question. acetylcholine sterols neuropeptides glycoproteins monoamines amino acids
Based on their chemical make-up, neuropeptides and monoamines are two categories of neurotransmitters.
What are the four classifications of neurotransmitters according to chemical make-up?According to their chemical and molecular characteristics, the four main types of neurotransmitters include peptides like somatostatin and opioids, amino acids like glutamate and glycine, monoamines like dopamine and norepinephrine, and purines like adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Test your knowledge of neurotransmitters.Neurotransmitter definition. An impulse is transmitted from one nerve cell to another nerve, muscle, organ, or other tissue through the release of a substance from a nerve cell. Neurologic information is transported from one cell to another via neurotransmitters.
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studies of rough-skinned newts have documented their ability to produce toxins in defense against a predator attack. the common garter snake, a predator of rough-skinned newts, exhibits a resistance to the toxin produced by the newt. in response, newts have been observed to produce increasingly potent toxins, which in turn results in selection for snakes with even greater resistance to the toxin. what phrase best describes this interaction between rough-skinned newts and garter snakes? group of answer choices host-parasite coevolution obligate mutualism evolutionary arms race diffuse coevolution
Evolutionary arms race best describes the interaction between rough-skinned newts which have the ability to produce toxins against their predator garter snakes.
What is an evolutionary arms race?
It is an ongoing struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes, and phenotypic and behavioral traits that develop escalating adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other.
One example is the arms race between bats and moths. In this, the weaponry used by each is largely based on sound and hearing.
In the above case, rough-skinned newts are compared to the host and the common garter snake is compared to a parasite. Rough-skinned newts produce toxins in defense against a predator (common garter snake). This predator exhibits resistance to the toxin produced by the newt. in this way, if the newt increased potent toxins then a common garter snake too increases its resistance to the toxin. Common garter snakes exhibit an evolutionary arms race by evolving rough-skinned newts.
Let us discuss other options
Mutualism is a relationship between two organisms each benefiting from the relationship.Host-parasite coevolution is a special case of coevolution where a host and a parasite continually adapt to each other.Diffuse coevolution also called guild coevolution where whole groups of species interact with other groups of species leading to changes that cannot really be identified.Hence rough-skinned newts and common garter snakes exhibit an evolutionary arms race.
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Question Which type of sedimentary rock is formed from mineral grains precipitated by evaporation?
Responses:
A)chemical
B)intrusive
C)clastic
D)organic
Chemical sedimentary rock is formed from mineral grains precipitated by evaporation.
Option A is correct.
What kind of sedimentary rock is generated from mineral grains precipitated by evaporation?When the amount of water lost by evaporation surpasses the entire amount of water from rainfall and water influx from rivers and streams, layered crystalline sedimentary rocks known as evaporites are produced.
What kind of sedimentary rock precipitates right out of the water?Minerals that accumulate in saline water form chemical sedimentary rocks. The bodies of organisms are used to form organic sedimentary rocks. Particles the size of sand make up sandstone.
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Answer:
A)chemical.
Explanation:
it was correct on test
a sample of john's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. this would indicate that john a) is feeling achy. b) is producing t lymphocytes. c) has a sore throat. d) is running a fever. e) has swollen lymph nodes.
The answer is d) running a fever, as indicated by high level of pyrogens in blood.
Pyrogens are things that can cause fever. Endotoxins, which are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) made by Gram-negative bacteria like E. coli, are the most frequent pyrogens. These substances go through the blood to the brain, where they interfere with the hypothalamus' ability to control body temperature. The hypothalamus is tricked into believing that the body is cooler than it actually is because the pyrogens suppress heat-sensing neurons and excite cold-sensing ones. A fever results from the hypothalamus's response, which causes the body's temperature to rise above normal
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A student draws a cell with a diagmeter of 43 mm. The actual size of this cell is 10 μm. What is the magnification
The magnification of the student's diagram is 4300.
How to calculate magnification?Magnification is the apparent enlargement of an object in an image.
To calculate the linear magnification of a drawing or image, the following equation should be used:
Magnification = Image size (with ruler) ÷ Actual size (according to scale bar)
According to this question, a student draws a cell with a diameter of 43 mm. The actual size of this cell is 10 μm.
The image size in μm is 43000μm
The magnification of the drawing = 43000 ÷ 10 = 4300
Therefore, 4300 is the magnification of the cell drawing.
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dcpip (2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol), a blue dye, can act as an electron acceptor and becomes colorless when reduced. a suspension of chloroplasts is prepared, and dcpip is added to the suspension. the sample is split into two test tubes. one test tube is exposed to light and the other is wrapped in foil (dark control). what would you observe over time comparing the light exposed and the dark control test tubes?
The light exposed test tubes will become colorless while dark test tubes will remain blue.
During the light reaction, the photolysis of water occurs. The breakdown releases hydrogen ion and electrons which are further used for reduction of NADP. The reduced NADPH contributes to the ATP generation.
Now, DCPIP also accepts the electron. So, during the light reaction in test tube exposed to light, the photolysis of water will occur followed by reduction of DCPIP. Thus, it will become colourless. Dark test tube wil not have the same reaction and hence DCPIP will remain blue in colour.
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Mutations that inhibit the function of photosystem i but not photosystem ii would result in a plant cell that could still______.
Light with longer wavelengths > 680 nm tends to be absorbed by photosystem I, while light with shorter wavelengths 680 nm likely to be absorbed by photosystem II.
What roles do plants' photosystems I and II play in the environment?
The pigments needed to gather photons and use light energy to catalyze the basic photosynthetic endergonic reactions that result in high energy molecules are found in the two multi-protein complexes known as photosystem I and photosystem II.
What happens if photosystem 1 is shut down?
Membrane disruptors, sometimes known as contact herbicides, are substances that stop Photosystem I from working. The rapid breakdown of cell membranes causes cell contents to spill into the intercellular gaps.
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the brain is a network of interconnecting neurons that control and integrate the body's activities. what components make up these neurons? select all that apply.
The brain is a network of interconnecting neurons that control and integrate the body's activities. components make up these neurons are Cell body, Axon, Dendrite
Nerve cells or neurons
Tang is no less important part of the anatomy of the nervous system is the nerve cell itself or called a neuron. The function of a nerve cell or neuron is to transmit nerve impulses.
Based on their function, neurons are divided into three types, namely sensory neurons that carry messages to the central nervous system, motor neurons that carry messages from the central nervous system, and interneurons that transmit messages between sensory and motor neurons in the central nervous system.
Each neuron or nerve cell consists of three parts or basic structures. The anatomy of these neurons, namely:
- The cell body, which has a nucleus.
- Dendrites, which are shaped like branches and function to receive stimuli and carry impulses to the cell body.
- The axon is the part of the nerve cell that carries impulses away from the cell body. Axons are generally surrounded by myelin, which is a dense, fatty layer that protects nerves and helps messages pass. In peripheral nerves, this myelin is produced by Schwann cells.
These nerve cells can be found throughout the body and communicate with each other to produce physical responses and actions. According to the National Institutes of Health, there are an estimated 100 billion neurons in the brain. These nerve cells include 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and elsewhere.
Nervous system function
In general, the nervous system in humans has several functions. The functions are:
- Collects information from inside and outside the body (sensory function).
- Sends information to the brain and spinal cord.
- Processing information in the brain and spinal cord (integration function).
- Sends information to muscles, glands, and organs so they can respond appropriately (motor function).
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when a body is dehydrated, water in the urinary bladder can be returned to the circulation directly. can be returned to the circulation after moving back into the kidneys. will still be expelled from the body in the urine
It will still be expelled from the body in the urine.
Your kidneys filter around 150 quarts of blood per day. The tubules return the majority of the water and other chemicals that pass through your glomeruli to your blood.
What about kidneys?They are primarily responsible for removing toxins from the blood and turning waste into urine. Around 160 grams of weight and one to one and a half liters of urine are excreted daily by each kidney. Every 24 hours, the two kidneys work together to filter 200 liters of fluid. You get pain in the region around your kidneys: On either side of your spine, close to the centre of your back, right below your ribs. The urinary tract, which includes your kidneys, produces and excretes urine from your body. In addition, you can experience the following symptoms as kidney disease worsens. Muscle cramps, a lack of appetite, swelling in the feet and ankles, dry, itchy skin, shortness of breath, trouble sleeping, and over- or under-urinating are all signs of motion sickness and nausea.Urine generated from waste products in your blood is one way that water aids kidney function. Additionally, drinking water keeps your blood vessels wide open, allowing blood to freely reach your kidneys and carry vital nutrients to them. But this delivery system has a harder time functioning if you become dehydrated.Learn more about kidneys here:
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