In the 1980s, Hugh Hefner was selected as an Outstanding citizen of the year by the chamber of commerce true or false

The commissioning of the Todaiji and its Great Buddha was a powerful expression of imperial power and a key component of Japan's cultural and religious heritage.

The commissioning of the Todaiji and its Great Buddha was an imperial attempt to unify and strengthen the country and imperial power by promoting Buddhism as a unifying force. The construction of the Todaiji was a massive undertaking that required the mobilization of vast resources and the labor of thousands of workers. The Great Buddha, which is the largest bronze statue of Buddha in the world, was a symbol of the power and prestige of the imperial court. The commissioning of the Todaiji also served to create a sense of unity among the people by promoting a common belief system and a shared cultural heritage. The imperial court used this project to demonstrate its commitment to the people and its ability to lead the country towards a brighter future.

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Answer:

Indirect rule

Explanation:

This practice is commonly known as "indirect rule" and was frequently used by colonial powers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The basic idea was to use local leaders and traditional institutions to govern the colony, rather than directly imposing the colonial power's laws and values.

Indirect rule was often seen as a more cost-effective way of maintaining colonial control, as it allowed the colonial power to rely on existing social structures and reduced the need for large numbers of European administrators. However, it also reinforced existing power imbalances and often led to the exploitation and oppression of the colonized population.

The use of a colony's own soldiers to enforce colonial rule was a common feature of indirect rule. These soldiers were often drawn from the same social groups as the local leaders, and were given a degree of authority over their fellow colonized people. This could create resentment and mistrust between different groups within the colony, and could also lead to violence and conflict.

Massive aerial bombing was not a common component of the early trench warfare experience in World War I.

While the aerial bombing was used in some capacity during the war, it was not yet developed enough to be considered a common tactic in trench warfare. Strategic bombing, which became common in combat during World War I, can include the aerial bombing of cities. In World War II, city bombing expanded to a large-scale tactic that is still used today. Italian forces launched the first-ever air raid on the Ottoman province of Libya on November 1, 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War. Ain Zara, a community located 8 kilometers to the west of Tripoli's city, was hit by 1.5 kg of bombs dropped by Giulio Gavotti.

Rats, machine guns, lice, and rain were all major challenges faced by soldiers in the trenches.

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The purpose of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) portion of the Wagner Act in the 1930s was to ensure the rights of employees to organize and form unions, as well as to engage in collective bargaining with their employers.

This was an important provision of the Wagner Act, which was passed in 1935 as a way to address the issues of labor unrest and conflict that were prevalent during that time. The NLRB was established as an independent federal agency to oversee and enforce the provisions of the Wagner Act, including investigating complaints of unfair labor practices and conducting elections to determine whether employees wanted to be represented by a union. By giving workers greater bargaining power and protecting their right to organize, the NLRB and the Wagner Act helped to improve working conditions and wages for millions of Americans.

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environment can damage because of bomb,some plants and animals can die because of bomb too

so we should not drop bomb

if we want to kill other evil people ,we have to drop bomb

Temperance reformers targeted individuals who consumed alcohol, especially men.

The temperance movement was a social movement in the 19th and early 20th centuries that sought to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption. Temperance reformers believed that alcohol consumption led to a variety of social ills, including poverty, crime, and family breakdown.

As a result, they targeted individuals who consumed alcohol, particularly men, who were seen as responsible for these negative outcomes.

Temperance reformers used a variety of tactics to achieve their goals, including public education campaigns, lobbying for laws restricting alcohol sales and consumption, and the establishment of temperance societies and organizations. Some temperance reformers also supported prohibition, which would have made alcohol consumption illegal.

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In the late twelfth century, states that had been formed in Hungary and Russia by powerful individual rulers began to fragment because, compared to England and France, they lacked strong centralized institutions and a stable succession system. While England and France were developing strong monarchies with powerful centralized institutions, Hungary and Russia were struggling to maintain a unified state under the rule of powerful princes.

One of the key factors contributing to the fragmentation of these states was the absence of a clear and stable succession system. In England and France, the hereditary monarchy allowed for a smooth transition of power from one generation to the next, ensuring the stability of the state. However, in Hungary and Russia, succession was often contested and led to civil wars, weakening the state and creating opportunities for external powers to intervene.
Moreover, the lack of a strong centralized institution in these states made it difficult to enforce laws and maintain order, leading to further fragmentation. In contrast, England and France had developed strong centralized institutions such as the royal courts and parliaments, which allowed for effective governance and the consolidation of power.

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In 1917, during WWI, the army contracted Robert Yerkes, then president of the APA, to have a group of psychologists develops the first group-administered intelligence test, which soon became known as army alpha.

In 1917, during WWI, the U.S. Army recognized the need for an efficient method to evaluate the intellectual abilities of incoming recruits. Consequently, they contracted Robert Yerkes, who was then the president of the American Psychological Association (APA), to develop the first group-administered intelligence test.

Yerkes assembled a team of psychologists, including prominent figures such as Lewis Terman and Henry Goddard, to design this groundbreaking assessment tool. The result was the development of the Army Alpha and Army Beta tests. The Army Alpha test was designed for literate individuals and comprised verbal and written components, whereas the Army Beta test targeted illiterate or non-English speaking recruits, focusing on non-verbal and performance-based tasks.

These tests aimed to measure general intellectual functioning, enabling the army to efficiently allocate resources and assign suitable roles to each recruit. Moreover, they provided a foundation for the development of subsequent intelligence tests and greatly influenced the field of psychometrics.

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The period between the Gothic era and the nineteenth century saw a significant shift in the structural techniques and materials used in Western architecture, resulting in some of the most iconic and innovative buildings of the modern era.

During the period between the Gothic era and the nineteenth century, several new structural techniques were introduced to the Western architectural vocabulary One of the most significant advancements was the development of cast iron and steel as construction

materials, which allowed for taller and more spacious buildings with lighter and more intricate designs. Other techniques that emerged during this time include the use of reinforced concrete, which enabled architects to create structures with complex curves and shapes, as well as new forms of arches, such as the pointed arch and the horseshoe arch, that allowed for greater flexibility in design. Additionally, new innovations in building technologies, such as the use of prefabrication and modular construction, further expanded the possibilities of architectural design.  

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Answer:

The goals of the Enlightenment were to promote reason, science, and individualism, and to challenge traditional authority. The French Revolution and Napoleon were successful in spreading these ideas throughout Europe, but their methods of achieving them were often violent and authoritarian.

Explanation:

While the experiences of Chinese migrants during the Gold Rush were complex and varied, it is clear that they shared many of the same hopes and dreams as their American counterparts.

The statement that is correct about the Chinese migrants who came to California during the Gold Rush is that they had aspirations similar to those of the American participants. While some Chinese migrants did come with their families, the majority came alone and worked as miners in the goldfields. While some also worked as merchants, their primary goal was to strike it rich through mining. However, despite their aspirations, the Chinese migrants faced significant discrimination and prejudice from white Americans, who saw them as a threat to their jobs and culture. This led to the passage of laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which severely restricted Chinese immigration and naturalization for decades. Despite these challenges, many Chinese migrants persevered and made significant contributions to the development of California, including the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad.

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Napoleon surrounded himself with smart and accomplished colleagues and professionals and backed a merit-based system in the military, but his administration swiftly devolved into an autocratic one-man operation.

Three parliamentary bodies made up Napoleon's new government, the Consulate: the Council of State, which drafted laws; the Tribunate, which debated laws but did not have the power to vote; and the Legislative Assembly, whose members cast votes on the laws after reviewing the Tribunate's record of debate.

The three aforementioned legislative assemblies were equivalent in power to the Conservative Senate. As Napoleon's authority grew, he adopted many Ancien Régime practices in his new one-man rule system.

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The British inadvertently undermined imperial control over India by providing Indian administrators with an education that emphasized Western values.

The legacy of social norms, ethical ideals, conventional traditions, religious systems, political systems, artifacts, and technologies of the Western world is known as Western culture, often referred to as Western civilization, Occidental culture, or Western society. What is certain is that Western civilization has had a significant impact on every aspect of life around the world. Western ideals about religion, science, politics, and art have had an extraordinary impact not just in the United States but also throughout the Americas and, in fact, on every continent.

Numerous artistic, philosophical, literary, and legal traditions and themes define Western civilization. Since at least the 4th century, both Judaism and Christianity—particularly the Roman Catholic Church—have had a significant influence on the development of Western civilization. While Western cultures place more emphasis on equality and individuality, Eastern cultures place more emphasis on the interdependence of relationships, hierarchy, and status.

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Malcolm X's idea of black separatism most directly influenced the black power movement.

His idea of black separatism most directly influenced its, as he advocated for the separation of black and white Americans and the establishment of an independent black nation. He believed that integration was impossible and that black people needed to control their own economic and political systems.

Many African Americans felt disillusioned with the slow progress of the civil rights movement and the continued oppression and violence they faced but Black Power movement emerged as a response to these feelings of frustration and a desire for more radical change.

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Answer:Therefore, in a Mexican view point, the war was not a result of greed or arrogance but a consequence to defend Mexico's territory from U.S invasion. And thus, the Mexicans would call this war as “The U.S War against Mexico”.

Explanation:

On March 12, 1938, Germany annexed Austria in what is known as the Anschluss. Rather than forming a formal alliance, Germany effectively absorbed Austria into the German Reich, and Austria became a part of Germany.

The Anschluss was a significant step towards the expansion of German Lebensraum and the establishment of a Greater Germany that included all ethnic Germans in Europe. The annexation of Austria also provided Germany with important resources and strategic advantages, including access to the Danube River and a secure eastern border. The Anschluss was met with little resistance from Austria or from other European powers, who were reluctant to challenge Hitler's aggression after the appeasement at Munich in 1938.

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As a teenage in 1964, I would not have supported the bombing of North Vietnam.

As a teenager in 1964, the idea of bombing a country that had not directly attacked the United States would be unjustified to me. The wrong claims made by President Johnson about the Gulf of Tonkin incident would make it hard to trust the government's decision-making regarding the war.

Also, these bombing was causing the death and displacement of innocent civilians which is not consistent with American values. Therefore, i would have advocated for a peaceful resolution to the conflict through diplomatic efforts rather than military intervention.

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During the Peloponnesian War, a kingdom to the north of Greece experienced significant growth in terms of power and influence. This kingdom was called Macedonia.

The Peloponnesian War, which took place from 431 to 404 BC, was a conflict between the city-states of Athens and Sparta, along with their respective allies. While these Greek city-states were embroiled in this prolonged and devastating war, Macedonia was able to capitalize on the instability and seize  expansion opportunities.

Macedonia, under the rule of King Archelaus I at the time, took advantage of the warring Greek city-states by focusing on strengthening its military and solidifying its political structures. This period saw significant advancements in military tactics, infrastructure, and territorial expansion, which eventually paved the way for the rise of the Macedonian Empire under Philip II and his son, Alexander the Great.

The Peloponnesian War weakened the Greek city-states, which allowed Macedonia to rise as a prominent power in the region. The growth of Macedonia during this time eventually led to the decline of Greek city-states' power and influence in the ancient world, and the rise of the Macedonian Empire. The expansion and achievements of Macedonia under the rule of Philip II and Alexander the Great would have lasting impacts on the ancient world, shaping the course of history for centuries to come.

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The societal impact of the economic crisis that arose from the 1929 stock market crash, better known as the Great Depression, was significant.

Widespread poverty and hunger occurred when individuals were unable to support their families after losing their jobs and homes. As a result, society are said to be faced issues such as criminal activities, lack of shelter etc.

The Great Depression brought in a feeling of discouragement and despondency in numerous Americans, which resulted in an upsurge of psychological problems like depression and anxiety. Moreover, numerous individuals resorted to alcohol or drugs as a strategy for dealing with the everyday pressures.

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The newly independent African nations took some kinds of paths to modernization  such as

The modernization process of the newly independent African nations was influenced by diverse factors such as their political, economic and social circumstances, leading to varied approaches being adopted.

In Tanzania, a model of modernization controlled by the state was implemented, with the government taking the lead in both the economy and society.

Lastly, in Kenya adopted a modernization strategy focused on market principles, prioritizing economic liberalization and growth through the private sector.

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During the six-month battle to force the withdrawal of Japanese forces from Guadalcanal in February 1943, it became clear that the Allies could effectively counter the Japanese Navy's airpower.

The Battle of Guadalcanal marked a significant turning point in the Pacific War, as it was the first time the Japanese were defeated in a land battle. The Allies' success in repelling the Japanese assaults on Guadalcanal was largely due to their superior intelligence gathering, logistics, and support. Additionally, the U.S. Navy's innovative use of radar allowed them to track and shoot down enemy aircraft more effectively.

The Battle of Guadalcanal was a crucial victory for the Allies, as it demonstrated that they could hold their own against the powerful Japanese Navy and signaled the beginning of the end of Japan's domination in the Pacific.

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President Polk's plan for deciding the fate of slavery in the new territories was the extension of popular sovereignty. While this approach was seen as a compromise, it ultimately led to significant conflict and tension between the North and South over the issue of slavery.

President Polk's plan for deciding the fate of slavery in the new territories was the extension of popular sovereignty. Popular sovereignty was a doctrine that allowed the settlers in a particular territory to decide whether or not to allow slavery in their territory. Polk believed that this approach would help to preserve the balance between free and slave states in the United States.

Under the popular sovereignty doctrine, the people of a territory would vote on whether or not to allow slavery in their territory. This approach was seen as a compromise between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States. Supporters of popular sovereignty believed that it would help to ease tensions between the North and South over the issue of slavery.

However, the implementation of popular sovereignty was far from straightforward. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which established popular sovereignty in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, led to violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in the region. The resulting violence became known as "Bleeding Kansas" and was a precursor to the Civil War.

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The videos from these decades reflect the changing values and priorities of the U.S. as it navigated through a turbulent period of social, political, and cultural change.

The videos from the 1960s, 70s, and 80s reflect significant changes in the U.S. during these decades. In the 1960s, the country experienced a shift towards civil rights, social justice, and political activism. The video footage from this period shows protests, sit-ins, and marches for racial equality, voting rights, and an end to the Vietnam War.

In the 1970s, the U.S. continued to change, with a focus on women's rights, LGBTQ+ rights, and environmentalism. The video footage from this period shows the rise of the feminist movement, the Stonewall riots, and growing concern over pollution and conservation.

The 1980s saw a shift towards conservatism, with the election of Ronald Reagan and a renewed focus on American exceptionalism. The video footage from this period shows a rise in consumerism, corporate power, and the beginning of the end of the Cold War.

As an American citizen living in these decades, the U.S. appeared to be headed in different directions depending on the era. In the 1960s, there was a sense of hope and progress towards a more just society. In the 1970s, there was a growing sense of individual rights and environmental responsibility. However, in the 1980s, there was a shift towards individualism, capitalism, and nationalism.

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Cromwell was never a popular ruler in England primarily due to his harsh methods and hard ways, as well as his strong military mind which led to the implementation of strict policies. Additionally, he focused on driving Catholicism out of Parliament, which alienated a significant portion of the population. Lastly, Cromwell died without choosing or training a successor, contributing to the instability that followed his rule.

Cromwell was never a popular ruler in England for a few reasons. Firstly, he died without choosing or training a successor, which led to uncertainty and instability in the country after his death. Additionally, his harsh methods and hard ways often rubbed people the wrong way, leading to discontent among the populace. Furthermore, Cromwell was known for driving Catholicism out of Parliament, which angered many Catholics in the country. Lastly, while Cromwell had a strong military mind, his focus on military conquest and expansion didn't necessarily align with the desires of the English people, which may have contributed to his lack of popularity.

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Conclusions can you draw about the location:

They made this decision so they could defend themselves from intruders, avoid locations that would flood, and have access to rivers for fishing, hunting, and transportation. Thus, option 'B' is the correct option.

Why did the Incas choose to live in the mountains?

For safety and protection, the Incas migrated to the Andes Mountains. The ancestors of the Incan tribe picked the Andes Mountains as a place to stay alive and keep others at bay. The Incas' forefathers were hunters who crossed the Bering Strait from Asia. Siberia and Alaska were connected by the Bering Strait more than 20,000 years ago, while the Americas required many thousand years to inhabit and develop civilizations.

Communities were formed when individuals settled in large groups along the road. The Inca Empire was a South American empire that arose in the Andes and progressively expanded thanks to the military might and diplomacy of its monarchs.

While women in ancient Rome did not have the same rights and opportunities as men, there were still ways in which they could assert their own agency and exercise power in their own spheres of influence.

While marriage in ancient Rome was indeed a patriarchal institution, there were ways in which some Roman women exercised their own freedom and power. For instance, wealthy women could own and manage their own property and businesses, which provided them with a degree of financial independence. Additionally, some women were able to gain political influence through their husbands or family connections, allowing them to have a say in important decisions. Women also played important roles in religion, with some serving as priestesses or participating in important religious ceremonies.

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Shinto can be roughly classified into the following three major types: Shrine Shinto, Sect Shinto, and Folk Shinto.

Shrine Shinto, which has been in existence from the beginning of Japanese history to the present day, constitutes a main current of Shintō tradition. Shrine Shintō includes within its structure the now defunct State Shintō based on the total identity of religion and state and has close relations with the Japanese Imperial family. Sect Shintō is a relatively new movement consisting of 13 major sects that originated in Japan around the 19th century and of several others that emerged after World War II. Each sect was organized into a religious body by either a founder or a systematizer. Folk Shintō is an aspect of Japanese folk belief that is closely connected with the other types of Shintō.

It has no formal organizational structure nor doctrinal formulation but is centered in the veneration of small roadside images and in the agricultural rites of rural families.

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Before the arrival of Europeans, Native American life in North America was characterized by diverse cultures, languages, and economies, but many tribes shared common practices such as hunting, gathering, and agriculture.

Native American tribes in North America before European arrival were diverse in terms of their languages, cultures, and economies. However, many tribes shared common practices such as hunting, gathering, and agriculture.

For example, the Great Plains tribes were nomadic hunters who followed bison herds, while tribes in the Eastern Woodlands practiced agriculture and formed complex societies with longhouses and towns.

The Iroquois Confederacy was formed by five tribes - the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, and Seneca - who lived in the northeastern woodlands. The most likely reasons for their union were defense against common enemies and the desire for peace and stability.

The Iroquois had a long history of inter-tribal warfare, and the confederacy allowed them to unite against outside threats. Additionally, the confederacy promoted a system of mutual respect and cooperation, which was reflected in the League's constitution, the Great Law of Peace.

The League also provided a forum for resolving conflicts among member tribes, which contributed to a more stable and peaceful society.

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Based on the data in the chart, the most accurate statement is that Abraham Lincoln won both the electoral vote and the popular vote. He received 212 electoral votes and 2,218,388 popular votes, while George B. McClellan received 21 electoral votes and 1,812,807 popular votes. The 80 votes not cast were in the Confederacy and would not have affected the outcome of the election. Therefore, options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect. Option 2 is also incorrect as it contradicts the data presented in the chart.

The answer is: Abraham Lincoln won both the electoral vote and the popular vote in the 1864 US presidential election. He received 212 electoral votes and 2,218,388 popular votes, while George B. McClellan received 21 electoral votes and 1,812,807 popular votes. The 80 votes not cast were in the Confederacy and would not have affected the outcome of the election.

One of Nikita Khrushchev's major accomplishments was the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, which involved denouncing Stalin's excesses and eliminating the cult of personality that had developed around him.

Nikita Khrushchev also pursued a policy of peaceful coexistence with the West, which was a departure from the confrontational approach of his predecessors. This led to improved relations with the United States, and the signing of the Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963, which banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater. Khrushchev's leadership was also marked by a number of domestic reforms, including the introduction of agricultural and industrial reforms, which aimed to increase productivity and improve living standards. He also initiated a housing construction program, which provided millions of Soviet citizens with new apartments and improved living conditions. Overall, Khrushchev's tenure as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was significant in terms of domestic reforms, improving relations with the West, and the de-Stalinization of Soviet society. While his leadership was not without its flaws, he left a lasting legacy in Soviet history.

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