Answer:
have excess capacity
Explanation:
As we know that in the case of monopolistically competitive firms, the output produced is less efficient as compared to the other market in the long run
Also
P = ATC
But
ATC > ATC or ATC > MC
This ATC > MC arise when there are differentiated products due to which the demand curve is downward sloping
Hence, the second option is correct
Kevin is maximizing his utility consumption of almond butter sandwiches and sushi. There is a boom in fish in the summer and the price of sushi suddenly drops. What will the price change most likely change in Kevin's consumption behavior? Group of answer choices Kevin will stick to his original indifference curve to a point intersecting the new budget constraint. Kevin's budget constraint and indifference curves will not change since the price of sushi has not changed Kevin will change his new budget constraint to be tangent to the original indifference curve at some point. Kevin will increase consumption with the bundle of goods at a new higher indifference curve tangent to the new budget constraint.
Answer:
Kevin will increase consumption with the bundle of goods at a new higher indifference curve tangent to the new budget constraint.
Explanation:
Kevin's consumption possibilities frontier basically shows the budget constraint that Kevin faces when deciding what to purchase. It also represents the opportunity cost of consuming one product instead of another.
If the price of one of the products changes, then the whole consumption possibilities change and a new bundle of goods will be available.
E.g. Kevin had $10, sushi costs $5 and sandwiches cost $5. He can either buy 1 sushi and 1 sandwich, 2 sushis or 2 sandwiches. If the price of sushi decreases to $2.50, then Kevin's options increase. He can now purchase 2 sushis and 1 sandwich, 2 sandwiches or up to 4 sushis.
A causal approach should be used when:_____.
1. there exists a knowledge of the research problem, the decision alternatives, and the relevant variables.
2. only speculative hypotheses exist.
3. the research methods can be highly flexible.
4. the researcher must show that one variable determines the values of another variable.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 1 and 4
d. 4
The correct answer is D. 4
Explanation:
In research, a causal approach is a research method used when the variables the researcher is studying have a cause/effect relationship. This means one of the variables originates the other (cause) or it is the consequence (effect). For example, if the researcher is studying the effects of literacy rate in access to job opportunities, the approach is causal. In this context, to use to approach it is key that the researcher wants to show one variable or factor determines the other through a cause/effect relationship. Thus, this is used when "the researcher must show that one variable determines the values of another variable".
On April 1, Griffith Publishing Company received $24,480 from Santa Fe, Inc. for 36-month subscriptions to several different magazines. The company credited Unearned Fees for the amount received and the subscriptions started immediately. What is the adjusting entry that should be recorded by Griffith Publishing Company on December 31 of the first year?
Answer:
Dr Unearned Fees, $6,120
Cr Fees Earned, $6,120
Explanation:
Based on the information given we were told that the On April 1, the Company received the amount of $24,480 for 36-month subscription in which the company credited Unearned Fees for the amount received therefore the adjusting entry that the company should be record on December 31 of the first year will be:
Dr Unearned Fees, $6,120
Cr Fees Earned, $6,120
Working:
Amount the company received $24,480 ÷Months of Subscription 36 months
*April to December will give us 9 months
Hence,
$24,480/36*9
=$680*9
=$6,1,20
A homeowner from State A hired a contractor from State B to build a vacation home for her in State C. The parties signed the contract in State A. The contractor breached the contract, and the homeowner sued the contractor in a court of State A, seeking damages of $100,000. The contractor removed the case to the federal court for State A. The homeowner promptly moved to remand the case to state court, arguing that venue was improper.
Which of the following facts is most relevant to the court's decision on the homeowner's motion?
A The contract was signed in State A.
B The contractor resides in State B.
C The homeowner commenced the action in a State A court.
D The vacation home was to be built in State C.
Answer:
The Home owner commenced the action in a state A court ( C )
Explanation:
The Defendant ( the contractor) can decide to transfer the case from a state court to a federal court within the same state in which the case was filled by the The home owner if the federal court has the Jurisdiction to rule on the case
Since the contract was signed in state A under the laws of the state the case is definitely a state case and the Homeowner's move to remand the case to a state court with the argument that the Federal court lacks proper Jurisdiction is in order. The court decision on the matter will be based on the fact that the Homeowner commenced the action in a state A court where the contract was signed.
Jacko Co. is a U.S.-based MNC with net cash inflows of euros and net cash inflows of Sunland francs. These two currencies are highly negatively correlated in their movements against the dollar. Kriner Co. is a U.S.-based MNC that has the same exposure as Jacko Co. in these currencies, except that its Sunland francs represent cash outflows. Which firm has a high exposure to exchange rate risk?
Answer: Kriner Co.
Explanation:
An exchange rate is when the value of the currency of a country is compared with the currency of another country.
From the question, we are informed that Jacko Co. is a U.S.-based MNC with net cash inflows of euros and net cash inflows of Sunland francs and that these two currencies are highly negatively correlated in their movements against the dollar.
We are further told that Kriner Co. is a U.S.-based MNC that has the same exposure as Jacko Co. in these currencies, except that its Sunland francs represent cash outflows.
Based on the information, the firm that has a high exposure to exchange rate risk is Kriner Co.
Answer:
yea
Explanation:
it's b
Patricia is a team leader. When looking at an e-mail from one of her team members, Patricia noticed that the e-mail was sent at 9:30 in the evening. The next day she personally went to the employee’s cubicle and told him how much she appreciated him staying late to get the project to the client on time. Which aspect of creating a positive organizational culture is Patricia utilizing?
The options in this question are missing; here are the options:
Which aspect of creating a positive organizational culture is Patricia utilizing?
A. Rewarding more than punishing
B. Building on organization strengths
C. Emphasizing individual growth
D. Building on employee strengths
E. Providing extrinsic rewards
The answer to this question is A. Rewarding more than punishing
Explanation:
One important factor in creating a positive organizational culture is to make employees feel appreciated and recognizing their efforts. This can be achieved through the rewarding more than punishing strategy, which implies focusing on positive actions and aspects rather than on negative aspects. Besides this, as part of the recognition of positive aspects employees or members of a team are rewarded, which includes verbal praise.
This strategy is used by Patricia because she has decided to focus on the effort the employee made by sending the e-mail at 9:30 p.m. because this showed the effort he was making and how much time he is dedicating to the job. Also, as part of recognizing the employee's effort, Patricia uses verbal praise, which a reward.
n investment adviser has 3 managing partners and 3 investment adviser representatives. All of the partners have completed the Certified Financial Planner (CFP) program and received the designation. The 3 IARs have been enrolled in a CFP preparation course and are scheduled to take the next CFP exam. The IA publishes an advertisement that states: "All of our partners are Certified Financial Planners." This advertisement is:
Answer: permitted since it is true
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that an investment adviser has 3 managing partners and 3 investment adviser representatives and that all of the partners have completed the Certified Financial Planner program and received the designation.
We are further told that the 3 IARs have been enrolled in a CFP preparation course and are scheduled to take the next CFP exam. The IA publishes an advertisement that states: "All of our partners are Certified Financial Planners."
This advertisement is allowed because the advertisement is true. Since, we are already given the information that the 3 partners of the firm have done their Certified Financial Programs, therefore, the statement is true and not a misleading one.
Miguel is a new salesperson for Imperial Realty. Dissatisfied with the lack of mentoring he has received, he decides to work for Millennium Real Estate instead, and has his license transferred. At the time of the switch, he had listed two properties. What happens to his listings
Answer:
Miguel cannot keep the listings; they belong to Imperial Realty.
Explanation:
Since Miguel decides to work for Millennium Real Estate instead and want to transferred his license but at the time of switching, he listed two properties.
So as a salesperson he cannot keep the listing as it belongs to a broker not a salesperson and the broker should also be reassigned to the new salesperson plus it also belongs to the imperial realty which he has not part anymore
All of the following statements about stock indexes are true EXCEPT
A. stock indexes are based on criteria that define the market segment of interest.
B. stock indexes replicate the market activity in a certain segment of the stock market.
C. stock indexes are unbiased and perfect indicators of market activity.
D. stock indexes can serve as a benchmark to evaluate investment manager performance.
Answer:
C. stock indexes are unbiased and perfect indicators of market activity.
Explanation:
Stock indexes are a tool that is used to track a group of assets using standardised criteria.
Usually indexes monitors a group of securities. Indexes can be broad based or specialised.
Indexes are statistically derived benchmarks that securities are measured against. They are however not unbiased and perfect indicators of market activity.
This is because investor behaviour cannot be guaged statistically.
However indexes replicate the market activity in a certain segment of the stock market, serve as a benchmark to evaluate investment manager performance, and are based on criteria that define the market segment of interest.
Juniper Company uses a perpetual inventory system and the gross method of accounting for purchases. The company purchased $9,750 of merchandise on August 7 with terms 1/10, n/30. On August 11, it returned $1,500 worth of merchandise. On August 16, it paid the full amount due. The amount of the cash paid on August 16 is:________.
A. Debit Merchandise Inventory $1500; Credit Sales Returns $1500.
B. Debit Accounts Payable $1500; Credit Purchase Returns $1500.
C. Debit Accounts Payable $1500; Credit Cash $1500.
D. Debit Accounts Payable $1500; Credit Merchandise Inventory $1500.
E. Debit Merchandise Inventory $1500; Credit Cash $1500.
Answer:
Explanation:
The term of transaction is 1/10 , n 30
This means that if Juniper pays up for the merchandise within 10 days after purchase , it is entitled to 1 % of the invoice value or else he should pay up the entire invoice value without a discount not late than 30 days after the purchase.
If the date of transaction is August 7 and the payment day is August 16 , which is 9 days interval , this means that Juniper is entitled to 1% discount
Workings
Inventory purchased =9,750
Returns = (1,500)
8,250
Entitled discount = 1% (82.5)
Final payment 8,167.5
B
The journal entry for the returned merchandise
Debit account payable $1,500
Credit Merchandise inventory $1,500
The amount of cash paid on August 16 is:
Debit account payable $1,500
Credit Merchandise inventory $1,500
Thus, option D is correct.
The Journal entry will be:
Journal entries are added to the broad ledger as part of the accountancy cycle. Each general ledger report will contain the payment date, amount, impacted institutions with account numbers, and explanation.
Since there are 9 days between the transaction's completion date of August 7 and the payment's due day of August 16, Juniper is entitled to a 1% discount.
The amount of cash paid on August 16 is:
Account payable (Debit) - $1,500
Credit Merchandise inventory (Credit) - $1,500
Therefore, option D is correct.
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Does anyone know how to start your own business as a teen? I am trying to start my own beauty business, with face products etc. Also I need name ideas one of that I was thinking of was Natural Beauty. Since I am going to be selling all natural products
Answer:
i'm no expert but, i think first start out with ideas of the business u wanna do and keep adding on to those ideas you already have and find a business idea you know you can invest in and stick to that business so you can make money you want and supply the products people want and need so, that your making money to help yourself out in life and their getting supplies that are good and don't have harsh chemicals so, it doesn't result in you losing money. Also Natural Beauty is a good name but, i think you might like these three name ideas but, if not its okay go with the name you want since it's your business. Here are the name ideas Natural Essentials, Clear Beauty, or Organic Beauty Essentials.
Answer:
Many small business owners decide to set up an LLC for the liability protection it provides. An LLC, or limited liability company, exists separately from its owners (known as members), and the owners are therefore not personally responsible for business debts.Most states don’t allow two different business entities to have the same name. So you can’t, for example, have “Joe’s Donuts, LLC” and “Joe’s Donuts, Inc.,” even if they’re located in different cities. Many states also restrict companies from using certain words in their names, such as “bank.” If the LLC name you’ve selected is available, but you aren’t going to be filing your LLC documents right away, you may want to reserve the name. Nearly every state allows you to reserve a name by filing a form and paying a name reservation fee. The length of the reservation period, filing fees, and renewal policies vary from state to state.Almost every state requires its LLCs to name a registered agent (also sometimes called a statutory agent). A registered agent is a person who agrees to receive lawsuits, subpoenas and other official documents on behalf of the LLC and to pass them along to the appropriate person at the LLC.An LLC operating agreement is the roadmap that describes how your LLC will be run. It specifies such things as the ownership interests and voting rights of the members, how profits and losses will be allocated, how meetings will be held, how the business will be governed, the rights of the members if one of them dies or leaves the business, and the way the company will be dissolved if it goes out of business.Each state has its own form and procedure for establishing an LLC. In general, you must file articles of organization that list.After the LLC’s formation documents are filed and approved, the state will issue a certificate or other document that confirms that your LLC formally exists. Once you’ve received the certificate, you can take care of business matters like obtaining a tax ID number and business licenses and setting up a business bank account. Explanation:If your LLC does business in more than one state, you may need to register to do business in other states. To do this, you’ll need to fill out and submit paperwork that’s similar to the paperwork you filed when you formed your LLC. You’ll also need a registered agent in each state where you are authorized to do business.
The two best signs of good strategy execution are whether: the company is challenging its current performance targets and whether value chain activities are fully integrated within the strategic response criteria. managers are personally leading the change process and whether they are meeting deadlines set for budgetary requirements. the company is meeting or beating its performance targets and whether it is performing value chain activities in a manner that is conducive to companywide operating excellence. managers are fully behind the changes and whether the company's value chain managers are executing them diligently. the company identifies what the organization must do and how to make the necessary internal changes.
Answer: the company is meeting or beating its performance targets and whether it is performing value chain activities in a manner that is conducive to companywide operating excellence.
Explanation:
The execution of a good strategy requires a team effort with every managers using their authority to ensure that all the workers under them take active part in the execution of the strategy.
The two best signs of good strategy execution are whether the company is meeting or beating its performance targets and also whether the company is performing value chain activities in a manner which is conducive to companywide operating excellence.
An investor holds a 6% callable bond purchased at 105. If the issuer calls the bond before maturity, the yield to call (YTC) realized by the investor would be A) equal to the yield to maturity (YTM). B) less than the coupon. C) greater than the yield to maturity (YTM). D) greater the current yield (CY).
Answer: less than the coupon
Explanation:
When a bond that is bought at a premium of 205 is called before the bond matures by the issuer, this implies that the accelerated premium loss will have to be reflected in calculated yield to maturity.
It should also be noted that the YTC is the lowest among the yields for the premium bonds. Therefore, if the issuer calls the bond before maturity, the yield to call (YTC) realized by the investor would be less than the coupon.
Option B is correct.
Austin's total fixed cost at the bakery is $3,600 a month. Austin employs 20 workers and pays each worker $8 an hour. The marginal product of the twentieth worker is 12 iced cupcakes an hour. What is the marginal cost of the last cupcake produced by the last worker Austin hired?
Answer:
$0.66
Explanation:
Marginal cost is the cost of producing one extra unit of a product.
if each worker is paid $8, then the marginal cost of producing the last cupcake = $8 / 12 = $0.66
What is the first thing the law requires you to do when you arrive at an intersection? Explain what you should do if there is an officer directing traffic.
Answer:
If a law enforcement officer if directing traffic where there are traffic lights, OBEY the officer – not the signals. You must yield the right-of-way to all other traffic and pedestrians at stop signs. Move forward only when the road is clear. At four-way signs, the first vehicle to stop should move forward first.
The very first action we do is stop at the junction as if it were a red light and waiting for police to notify you when it is safe to go.
Explanation:
If a police officer directs traffic in an area with traffic signals, respect the officer rather than the signals. At stop signs, you must surrender the right-of-way to all other cars and pedestrians. Only proceed when the road is clear. When approaching a four-way stop, the first car to halt shall proceed first.
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Which of the following is a primary feature of the five forces model? It views competition within an industry broadly to include forces such as buyers, suppliers, and the threat of substitutes. It takes into account a firm's internal resources, capabilities, and core competencies. It helps managers determine the changing speed of an industry or the rate of innovation. It is concerned exclusively about the intensity of rivalry among direct competitors.
Answer:
It views competition within an industry broadly to include forces such as buyers, suppliers, and the threat of substitutes.
Explanation:
The five forces model was developed by Harvard Professor Michael Porter, and it is a broad model of firm competition that takes into account 5 forces: buyer power, supplier power, threat of new entry, threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry.
The power of suppliers and buyers lies mainly in how many suppliers and buyers exist in the market, because the more participants in a market, the less likely a firm will have market power.
The threat of substitutes is simply the quantity of substitute goods that are present in the market.
If a decision variable is not positive in the optimal solution, its reduced cost is _______ Group of answer choices its dual price. the amount its objective function value would need to improve before it could become positive. what its objective function value would need to be before it could become positive. zero.
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
A negative dual price for a constraint in a minimization problem means
as the right-hand side increases, the objective function value will increase.
When a decision variable is not positive in the optimal solution, its reduced cost is B. The amount its objective function value would need to improve before it could become positive.
A decision variable refers to the quantity that is controlled by the decision-makers. The objective function refers to the equation that describes the production output target that will correspond to the profit maximization.
It should be noted that in a situation where the decision variable is not positive in the optimal solution, the reduced cost will be the amount its objective function value would need to improve before it could become positive.
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Which of the following is the best characterization of sociocultural forces? a firm's culture, norms, and values a competitor's culture, norms, and values a focus group's culture, norms, and values a society's culture, norms, and values
Answer:
a society's culture, norms, and values
Explanation:
From the name socio + cultural indicates best how the culture, norms and values affect a society.
Often times the term culture refers to the general way of life of the members of a particular society. While the term norms and values refers to acceptable standards within a particular society. All this terms characterizes sociocultural forces.
Which professional helps individuals and families minimize risk?
Answer:
insurance agent.
the career profession who would help individual and families to manage and minimise risk would be insurance agent.
Explanation:
insurance is a field that manages protection from financial loss thus risk to it iwould be a component that they manage. insurance insurance agent would recommend the best product for individual and families according to their lifestyle and age
Suppose that the wage is $20 per hour in a two-sector (manufacturing and agriculture) specific-factors model. Currently, the prices of manufactured and agricultural outputs are $5 and $1, respectively; the marginal product of labor in the manufactured sector is 6 units per hour; and the marginal product of labor in the agricultural sector is 10 units per hour. What will happen to the distribution of labor between the two sectors?
Options :
A) Nothing will happen. The current allocation of labor between the two sectors is ideal.
B) The manufacturing sector will demand more labor, and the agricultural sector will demand less labor at the current wage.
C) The agricultural sector will demand more labor, and the manufacturing sector will demand less labor at the current wage.
D) Both the agricultural and the manufacturing sector will demand more labor at the current wage.
Answer: B) The manufacturing sector will demand more labor, and the agricultural sector will demand less labor at the current wage.
Explanation: Analysing the marginal product of labor for the TWO sectors ; the manufacturing and agricultural which measures the change in production output as labor is increased. The output produced by increasing labor is 6units for manufacturing and 10 units for agricultural, agricultural seems greater, however, comparing output with the price per unit of product, manufacturing and agricultural sells for $5 and $1 respectively. Meaning manufacturing generates ($5 * 6) = $30 while agricultural generates ($1 * 10)) $10 per increase in number of Labor.
Therefore, at the current wage of $20, revenue made by hiring one more unit of labor into the agricultural sector cannot even cater for it's wage. Therefore, agricultural sector will demand less while manufacturing will demand more.
Kevin is not fond of travelling; hence, he did not take up an assignment as the job involved excessive travelling. On the other hand, Sam took up
the same assignment simply because he loves travelling. What is such a contrasting behavior called?
The contrasting behavior that influenced Kevin and Sam's job selection is known as
Answer:
Internal employee motivations or employee personality traits.
Explanation:
Remember, based on the context of this example, we notice here that, the two employees had different personalities, and thus affected their job selection.
Personality of an employee serves as internal motivation for certain job duties and may affect the quality of their work. Thus, recruitment staff should always strife to place the right person for the right job.
The USDA maintains ethanol has an impact on food prices. "Higher ethanol production definitely and directly raises the price of corn," said USDA economist Ephraim Leibtag. In the long run in the corn market, what is true if the production of ethanol increases?
Answer:
new corn farmers will enter the market and decrease the market price.
Explanation:
In regards to the information provided, it can be said that in a long term perspective if the production of ethanol keeps increasing then new corn farmers will enter the market and decrease the market price. This is because as ethanol production increases, so does the price of corn. This will continue up to a certain point were profitability for farmers is high and many new farmers will enter the market hoping to profit from the corn as well. All these new farmers will drastically increase the production of corn and as the supply of corn rises the prices will begin to fall.
One of your business clients has owned and operated his own business as a sole proprietor for over 30 years. He now wants to do some retirement/succession planning. On the issue of the legal structure/ownership of his business, the best advice for him would be to:
Answer:
Incorporating the business and selling the shares to investors to take over as successors
Explanation:
Business incorporation is the legal process through which a business is formed.This allows an incorporated business to sell shares or stocks to interested investors , giving them the power of ownership in proportion to the volume of shares held , and the liability limited to the investment in the business.
It has the advantage over other methods of succession planning in active involvement in the business , limited liability and easier procedures.
XYZ Company has issued 10%, $100 par non-cumulative preferred stock. Two years ago, XYZ omitted its preferred dividend. Last year, it paid a preferred dividend of $5 per share. This year, XYZ wishes to pay a common dividend. In order to make the distribution to common shareholders, each preferred share must be paid a dividend of:
Answer:
In order to make the distribution to common shareholders, each preferred share must be paid a dividend of:
$5 per share.
Explanation:
The preferred stock is non-cumulative. This implies that XYZ's preferred stockholders are not being owed for the previous two year's dividend that was not paid. Non-cumulative preferred stock does not attract dividend arrears whenever it was not declared. It is cumulative preferred stock that attracts such arrears to be carried forward until they are paid.
Jamie and Peter Dawson own 220 shares of Duke Energy common stock. Duke Energy’s quarterly dividend is $0.86 per share. What is the amount of the dividend check the Dawson couple will receive for this quarter? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Answer:
$189.20
Explanation:
Quarterly amount of dividend check = quarterly dividend per share x number of shares.
Quarterly dividend = $0.86
number of shares = 220
Check amount = 220 x $0.86
= $189.20.
Cheers.
Coastharp, a furniture e-commerce website, allows its customers to book one-hour slots during which they wish to get their furniture delivered. They can also book another one-hour slot to get the delivered furniture assembled at their convenience. The company holds back orders and delays deliveries when customers are not available to receive them. In the context of marketing, which of the following utilities does Coastharp most likely provide through its service?
A. Form utility
B. Time utility
C. Possession utility
D. Ownership utility
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Form utility is a type of nullity that occurs as a result of the design of the product or service itself.
Time utility exists when a company makes a good or service available to consumers at the time that is most desirable or convenient for them.
Possession utility is utility derived from owning a product
A subsidy will increase consumer and producer surplus in a market and will increase the quantity of trades. A subsidy (such as a subsidy for producing corn in the United States) can be considered inefficient because a subsidy results in a quantity:
Answer: higher than market equilibrium quantity where cost of supplying the unit is more than the willingness to pay
Explanation:
A subsidy is a sum of money that is given to a business or an organization by the government in order to increase the supply and also keep the prices low.
Therefore, a subsidy such as a subsidy for producing corn in the United States can be considered inefficient because a subsidy results in a quantity that is higher than market equilibrium quantity whereby cost of supplying the unit will exceed the willingness to pay.
What are some of the possible consequences of financial distress? I) Bondholders, who face the prospect of getting only part of their money back, will likely want the company to take additional risks. II) Equity investors would like the company to cut its dividend payments to conserve cash. III) Equity investors would like the firm to shift toward riskier lines of business.
Answer:
III) Equity investors would like the firm to shift toward riskier lines of business.
Explanation:
Financial distress refers to the situation at which the organization not able to generate the profit as it is not able to meet or pay the financial debts. This occurs when the fixed cost is high, liquid assets leads to be sensitive in nature which results in downturns of an economic system
Hence, the third option is correct as the firm would shift to the riskier business lines
A decrease in the discount rate: Group of answer choices leads to an increase in the interbank rate charged by commercial banks. causes an increase in the federal funds rate. increases reserve holdings of the commercial banks. lowers the cost of borrowing from the Fed. decreases the money supply.
Answer:
lowers the cost of borrowing from the Fed.
Explanation:
The discount rate is the rate that the Fed charges to commercial banks for overnight loans. This loans are only made when commercial banks have no other option, and represent one of the Fed's main functions: acting as lender of last resort.
When the Fed lowers the discount rate, commercial banks can access the Fed as lender of last resort at cheaper interest rates.
A church put advertisements in its weekly bulletins to encourage its members to participate in the services by telling a brief, positive story about how fellow members have helped them during times of need. Jack volunteered and shared his story during a service. Afterwards, he felt joyous. Was this an exchange in a marketing sense
Answer: Yes
Explanation: In the scenario shared above, an element of exchange exists which is the key aim of marketing by providing a trade platform for consumers and sellers to coexist and make exchange of goods and services for money, satisfaction or other things in return. In the scenario above, the church provided a marketing platform for people to share their thought and air their views. Jack made use of the platform and shared his thought and had a feeling of satisfaction and church members also read in other to learn or derive pleasure and the cycle continues.