In the Posner cueing paradigm, the participant is required to maintain fixation at a central point on a screen. The purpose of this experimental design is to investigate attention and its effect on reaction time when processing visual stimuli. Cues are presented to the participant, signaling the potential location (left or right) of an upcoming target stimulus.
Most trials present a valid cue, meaning the target appears on the side indicated by the cue. However, in some trials, an invalid cue is presented, and the target appears on the opposite side of the indicated cue. This design helps to differentiate between automatic and controlled attention processes.
The experimenters measure the reaction time of the participant to determine the presence of the target. Results typically show that when the cue is valid, participants have faster reaction times in identifying the target, as their attention has already been directed to the correct side. In contrast, when the cue is invalid, reaction times tend to be slower, as participants must redirect their attention to the opposite side to locate the target.
These findings support the notion that attention can be selectively focused and can enhance visual processing in the cued location, ultimately leading to faster reaction times. The Posner cueing paradigm has been instrumental in understanding the mechanisms and dynamics of attention in cognitive psychology.
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A ___ is something that increases the likelihood of a behavior
A reinforcer is something that increases the likelihood of a behavior. Cues can come in many forms such as environmental cues, social cues, and internal cues.
A "cue" is something that increases the likelihood of a behavior. Cues can come in many forms such as environmental cues, social cues, and internal cues.
Environmental cues are stimuli in the physical environment that trigger a certain behavior, such as seeing a stop sign and stopping at an intersection.Social cues are cues from other people that signal a certain behavior, such as a friend suggesting going out to eat and you agreeing. Internal cues are physiological or emotional states that lead to a certain behavior, such as feeling hungry and going to get food. Overall, cues are powerful predictors of behavior and can be used to promote positive behavior change.Thus, A reinforcer is something that increases the likelihood of a behavior.
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the archetypal family case of the overinvolved mother and peripheral father is best understood as the product of:
The archetypal family case of the overinvolved mother and peripheral father is best understood as the product of traditional gender roles and societal expectations.
The traditional gender roles and societal expectations have created a cultural and social framework that reinforces the idea of mothers as primary caretakers and fathers as breadwinners. This has resulted in mothers taking on more responsibility for child-rearing and emotional support, while fathers are expected to be more distant and uninvolved.
The overinvolved mother and peripheral father dynamic can also be influenced by the mother's personal insecurities, her desire to control and micromanage the family, and the father's lack of assertiveness or willingness to challenge the status quo.
This dynamic can have negative consequences for both parents and children, including parental burnout, relationship conflicts, and difficulties with identity development for children.
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According to the OT code of ethics, what is defined as duty?
According to the Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics, duty is defined as the occupational therapy practitioner's commitment to providing safe, competent, and ethical care to their clients.
The Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics and Ethics Standards is a document that outlines the ethical principles and guidelines that occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants must adhere to in their practice. Duty is one of the core ethical principles outlined in the code, along with beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity.
In the context of occupational therapy, duty refers to the practitioner's obligation to provide care that is safe, effective, and in line with ethical principles. This includes providing services that are evidence-based, respecting the rights and dignity of clients, maintaining confidentiality and privacy, avoiding conflicts of interest, and ensuring that the client's needs are prioritized over the practitioner's personal interests.
Occupational therapy practitioners must also be aware of their limitations and seek consultation or refer clients to other professionals when necessary. By upholding their duty to provide ethical and competent care, occupational therapy practitioners can help promote the health, well-being, and independence of their clients.
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a is the set of relationships critical to one's ability to get things done, get ahead, and develop personally and professionally
The set of relationships critical to one's ability to get things done, get ahead, and develop personally and professionally is often referred to as a person's "network."
A network is made up of the individuals with whom one has established a connection, either through work, social activities, or personal relationships. A person's network can include colleagues, friends, family members, mentors, and other professionals in their field.
Having a strong network can be beneficial for personal and professional growth, as it can provide opportunities for learning, career advancement, and social support. Individuals with diverse and extensive networks are often able to tap into a wealth of resources and information, making them more effective and successful in their endeavors.
Therefore, building and maintaining a strong network is an important skill that can contribute to personal and professional success.
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Full question:
A ______ is the set of relationships critical to one's ability to get things done, get ahead, and develop personally and professionally.
Changes in the limbic system during adolescence may cause all of the following, except:
a. Increased emotionality
b. Increased responsiveness to stress
c. Decreased risk-taking
d. Decreased consideration of logical risks and rewards
The correct answer is c. Decreased risk-taking.
Changes in the limbic system during adolescence can lead to increased emotionality, increased responsiveness to stress, and decreased consideration of logical risks and rewards. However, research has shown that adolescents tend to engage in more risky behaviors, indicating that there is not a decrease in risk-taking during this developmental period.
Changes in the limbic system during adolescence may cause all of the following, except: c. Decreased risk-taking
During adolescence, the limbic system typically undergoes changes that result in increased emotionality, increased responsiveness to stress, and decreased consideration of logical risks and rewards. However, it generally does not cause a decrease in risk-taking; in fact, adolescents often exhibit increased risk-taking behaviors.
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Some evidence suggests that, in addition to the 3.4 million people 65 and older who were living below the poverty line in 2009, nearly _____________more elderly americans 65 and over would experience poverty had it not been for social security benefits:
Some evidence suggests that nearly 14 million elderly Americans 65 and over would experience poverty had it not been for social security benefits.
Social Security benefits are designed to provide a basic level of financial support for retired workers, their spouses, and dependents. For many seniors, Social Security is their primary source of income and it helps them meet their basic needs such as food, housing, and healthcare.
Without this support, many seniors would be living below the poverty line, struggling to make ends meet. Social Security benefits have been proven to reduce poverty among seniors and are an important part of our social safety net.
However, it is important to note that the poverty line is a flawed measure of financial insecurity, and many seniors who are technically above the poverty line still struggle to make ends meet.
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Heroin is a narcotic that can causeSelect one:a. hallucinations.b. delusions.c. an increase in the activity of the nervous system.d. deep depression and impaired judgment.
Heroin is a narcotic that can cause deep depression and impaired judgment.
When heroin is ingested, it rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to opioid receptors in the brain, leading to a release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters that produce feelings of pleasure and euphoria.
However, as the effects of the drug wear off, the user may experience a crash that can lead to feelings of depression, anxiety, and irritability.
In addition to its effects on mood and judgment, heroin can also produce a range of physical symptoms, including drowsiness, slowed breathing, nausea, and vomiting.
Overdose is a serious risk with heroin use, and can lead to respiratory failure, coma, and death.
While heroin does not typically cause hallucinations or delusions, long-term use can lead to a range of mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairments.
Chronic use of the drug can also lead to physical dependence and addiction, making it difficult for users to quit without medical intervention and support.
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madison lives with her dad, mother, grandmother, aunt, and brother. madison's family is best termed a
Answer:
extended
Explanation:
so it would be an extended fam householdd
which of the following arguments would a supporter of school vouchers for private school tuition make
A supporter of school vouchers for private school tuition would make the argument.
A supporter of school vouchers for private school tuition would argue that giving families the option to use public funds to pay for private school tuition would provide them with more educational choices and opportunities.
They would argue that this would increase competition among schools and ultimately lead to better academic outcomes for students. Additionally, they may argue that it is unfair for families who cannot afford private school tuition to be limited to the public school system, which may not meet their educational needs.
By providing school vouchers, families can have more control over their child's education and access to better quality schools.
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Drivers on an express highway should avoid 'highway hypnosis' by:
Drivers on an express highway should avoid 'highway hypnosis' by staying alert, taking frequent breaks, avoiding monotony, keeping their eyes moving, and avoiding distractions.
Highway hypnosis occurs when drivers become too relaxed and their minds wander, causing them to lose focus on the road ahead. To prevent this, drivers should also vary their speed, position, and lane changes to keep their attention engaged.
To avoid 'highway hypnosis' while driving on an express highway, drivers should:
1. Stay alert and maintain focus on the road
2. Take regular breaks to rest and refresh
3. Adjust their seating position for optimal comfort and visibility
4. Keep their eyes moving and scan the environment constantly
5. Use mental exercises to stay engaged, such as predicting upcoming traffic patterns or identifying landmarks.
It is important to recognize the signs of highway hypnosis, such as drowsiness, yawning, and drifting out of the lane, and take necessary precautions to avoid it.
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when people are considering southern social hierarchies in the antebellum period, southerners generally were known to be engaged in. . .?
When people consider southern social hierarchies in the antebellum period, southerners were generally known to be engaged in a highly stratified and rigid social system that placed great importance on wealth, land ownership, and social status.
The antebellum South was characterized by a slave-based plantation economy, and the institution of slavery was the foundation upon which the southern social order was built. The planters, who owned large tracts of land and numerous slaves, occupied the top of the social hierarchy, followed by smaller landowners, yeoman farmers, and poor whites.
Enslaved Africans were at the bottom of the social ladder and had no legal or social rights. Social mobility was difficult, and it was rare for individuals to move up in the social hierarchy. In addition to the plantation economy and slavery, southern social hierarchies were also shaped by factors such as religion, gender, and race, with white, male, Protestant landowners occupying the highest rungs of the social ladder.
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which statement accurately compares rates of illicit drug use by the lgbtq population to the heterosexual population?
Research indicates that rates of illicit drug use among the LGBTQ population are notably higher compared to the heterosexual population. Several factors contribute to this disparity, including stigma, discrimination, and higher levels of stress experienced by LGBTQ individuals due to their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Social pressures and minority stress can result in LGBTQ people seeking coping mechanisms, such as substance use, to alleviate their emotional distress. A study published by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) highlights that LGBTQ adults are more than twice as likely to use illicit drugs compared to their homosexual counterparts. This increased vulnerability can have significant implications for their mental and physical health, as well as social and economic well-being.
Efforts to address this issue must focus on providing targeted support and resources to the LGBTQ community, including education about substance abuse, access to mental health services, and implementing policies that foster inclusivity and reduce discrimination. Additionally, promoting safe and supportive environments in healthcare settings, schools, and workplaces can help to mitigate the risks associated with substance use and ensure that LGBTQ individuals receive the necessary care and assistance.
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one might argue against identity theory as follows, " the pain is in my arm, but the brain state is in my head, therefore they can't be the same thing." what does smart say about this objection?
According to J.J.C. Smart, this objection is based on a misunderstanding of the identity theory. The identity theory does not claim that pain and brain states are identical in location, but rather in type or nature.
In other words, pain is not a physical thing that can be located in a specific part of the body, but rather a mental state that can be correlated with specific patterns of brain activity. Therefore, the fact that pain is experienced in a certain part of the body and brain states are located in the head does not necessarily undermine the identity theory. Smart's response to this objection is to emphasize that the location of the pain sensation is different from the actual physiological source of the pain. He argues that the pain experienced in the arm is a result of the brain state occurring in the head. In other words, the sensation of pain is a projection from the brain state to the arm, rather than an inherent property of the arm itself. This projection allows the individual to identify the location of the injury or issue, but does not negate the fact that the brain state is responsible for generating the pain sensation. Therefore, according to Smart, the objection does not disprove identity theory.
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According to learning and cognitive perspectives on personality, several conditions would lead to someone having a studious personality. These include a high value on academic success.
the expectation that studying will lead to good grades, and a personal construct that studying while in college is a critical part of a working career. Individuals who have an internal locus of control, meaning they believe their actions can impact their outcomes, are also more likely to have a studious personality. Conversely, those with an external locus of control, who believe their outcomes are largely determined by external factors such as luck or the actions of others, may be less likely to exhibit a studious personality. The personal construct that success in life is based on who you know, not what you know, is not likely to lead to a studious personality.
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Which is NOT a characteristic of the psychiatric survivor movement? a) It is critical of the medical model of mental health b) It emphasizes the importance of medication as a treatment for mental health problems c) It advocates for the human rights of people with mental health problems
Your answer: Option b) It emphasizes the importance of medication as a treatment for mental health problems is NOT a characteristic of the psychiatric survivor movement.
Mental health problems refer to a wide range of conditions that affect a person's thoughts, emotions, and behavior. These conditions can be temporary or chronic, mild or severe, and can impact a person's ability to function in their daily life. Some common types of mental health problems include:
1. Anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias
2. Mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder
3. Personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder
4. Psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia
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Traits and social roles attributed to an actor is known as: Select one or more: a. identity b. social reputation c. narrative identity d. ego
Traits and social roles attributed to an actor are known as b. social reputation.
Social reputation refers to the traits and social roles attributed to an actor by others in a social context. It is the collective opinion or evaluation of others regarding an individual's personality, behavior, and social status.
Social reputation is often based on an individual's performance of social roles, such as a professional role, gender role, or familial role, and can be influenced by various factors, such as appearance, behavior, communication style, and personal values.
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True or false? Pantheism is the belief, in opposition to Christian doctrine, that God and nature are one and the same
Yes, the above statement is true. Pantheism is the belief that God and nature are identical, which contradicts Christian doctrine that God created and transcends nature.
Pantheism is a philosophical religious viewpoint that holds that the cosmos, the universe, and reality are all manifestations of a single supreme being or entity. Thus, the physical cosmos is perceived as an ever-expanding and constantly generating creator deity that has existed since the beginning of time. Tao, the principle of Taoism, is a crucial illustration of a pantheistic idea.
Tao is a unifying concept that permeates the universe's content and activity. Tao is both the entirety of the cosmos and the essence of emptiness. Hinduism exhibits another pantheistic idea.
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What should you do if you are parking next to a curb heading uphill?
If you are parking next to a curb heading uphill, you should turn your wheels away from the curb and towards the center of the road.
This is known as uphill parking with a curb. By turning your wheels in this direction, you prevent your car from rolling downhill if your brakes fail or if your car is bumped. It is also important to make sure that your car is close to the curb and that your wheels are not touching the curb. This will ensure that your car is not blocking traffic or causing damage to the curb. Remember to always check for any signs or markings indicating parking restrictions before leaving your car. When parking next to a curb heading uphill, you should follow these steps:
1. Signal and approach the curb slowly.
2. Turn your wheels away from the curb.
3. Gently roll back until your back tire touches the curb.
4. Shift into park (or set the parking brake for manual transmission).
5. Turn off the engine and remove the key.
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jaebok stayed up studying most of the night for his calculus final. he only slept about 4 hours. according to research, his memory and cognitive functioning will be decreased by approximately what percentage?
According to study, his memory and cognitive performance will be reduced by about 30%.
Learning, thinking, reasoning, remembering, problem solving, decision making, and attention are all examples of cognitive functioning. The psychometric approach is the dominant approach to measuring and conceptualizing cognitive functioning in lifespan developmental psychology.
It arose from efforts to define, measure, and quantify cognitive abilities using the most fundamental underlying constructs of abilities such as general intelligence (g), fluid intelligence (Gf), and crystallized intelligence.
For a variety of reasons, including the patient's ability to provide informed consent, the patient's ability to adhere to posttransplant requirements, and the likely course of decline or improvement in cognitive functioning, it is critical to understand the patient's current level of cognitive functioning and the likely contributor(s) to it.
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Which HR specialty involves preparing job descriptions?A) compensation managerB) EEO coordinatorC) job analystD) recruiter
The HR specialty that involves preparing job descriptions is C) job analyst.
Job analysts are responsible for conducting research and analyzing job duties and requirements to create accurate and detailed job descriptions. These descriptions are essential for recruitment and selection processes, performance evaluations, and compensation planning. Compensation managers, on the other hand, are responsible for designing and administering employee compensation programs. EEO coordinators ensure that organizations comply with equal employment opportunity laws and regulations, and recruiters are responsible for identifying and attracting potential candidates for job openings. In summary, job analysts play a crucial role in HR by creating job descriptions that serve as the foundation for various HR activities.
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the passage characterizes the belief that lightning was a bolt from zeus as which of the things listed below? i. a nature-mythii. an anthropomorphic view of nature iii. a rational, analytic view
The passage characterizes the belief that lightning was a bolt from Zeus as an anthropomorphic view of nature.
Zeus, who reigns as king of the gods on Mount Olympus, is the sky and thunder deity of classical Greek mythology. His name is a cognate of Jupiter's first element in the Roman language.
Zeus rose to become the most significant god because he combined intelligence and strength, and he used his intellect to prevent being succeeded by a god who was even more powerful. He was concerned with justice, and in exchange for the other gods' fealty, he granted them rights and benefits.
Thus, the passage characterizes the belief that lightning was a bolt from Zeus as an anthropomorphic view of nature.
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the shaping of useful features of an organism by natural selection for the function they now perform is
The shaping of useful features of an organism by natural selection for the function they now perform is known as adaptation.
Adaptation is a process by which organisms evolve features or traits that help them survive and reproduce in their environment. These features are the result of natural selection, where certain traits are favored over others because they provide an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction.
For example, the long neck of a giraffe is an adaptation that evolved over time through natural selection. Giraffes with slightly longer necks were better able to reach higher branches and leaves for food, which gave them a survival advantage over giraffes with shorter necks. Over time, longer-necked giraffes were more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation, resulting in the evolution of the long-necked giraffe we see today.
Adaptation is a critical concept in evolutionary biology, as it helps explain how organisms are able to survive and thrive in different environments through the process of natural selection.
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Is it true that one role of moral theory is to explain why the distribution of goods and services that results from unregulated exchanges between people is rightful?
It is not true that one role of moral theory is to explain why the distribution of goods and services that results from unregulated exchanges between people is rightful because the role of moral theory is not to justify or explain the distribution of goods and services that result from unregulated exchanges.
Instead, moral theory aims to evaluate the ethical implications of different economic systems and policies, including the distribution of goods and services. Moral theorists may argue that unregulated exchanges result in an unjust distribution of goods and services, or they may propose alternative economic systems or policies that promote a more equitable distribution.
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When you encounter a yellow arrow signal while turning left at an intersection, you must:-reduce your speed-stop at the signal-clear the intersection quickly-increase your speed
When you encounter a yellow arrow signal while turning left at an intersection, you must reduce your speed and clear the intersection quickly. This indicates that the protected turn is ending, and you need to be cautious while completing your turn.
When you encounter a yellow arrow signal while turning left at an intersection, you must reduce your speed and clear the intersection quickly if it is safe to do so. It is important to never increase your speed and to never stop at the signal unless it is necessary to avoid a collision or if directed to do so by a traffic officer or signal. The yellow arrow signal indicates that the light is about to change to red and that you should prepare to stop if you have not yet cleared the intersection. Always follow traffic signals and signs to ensure the safety of yourself and others on the road.
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What is the "SANDWICH GENERATION" and how did they get this title?
The term "sandwich generation" refers to a group of individuals who are simultaneously caring for their aging parents and their own children.
They are "sandwiched" between these two responsibilities, hence the name. This demographic often faces unique challenges in balancing caregiving duties and maintaining their own personal and professional lives. The term was coined in the 1980s by social worker Dorothy Miller to describe this growing population. The "Sandwich Generation" refers to a group of middle-aged adults who are simultaneously caring for their aging parents and supporting their own children. They received this title because they are "sandwiched" between the responsibilities of caring for both the older and younger generations. This situation can lead to financial, emotional, and time-management challenges for those in the Sandwich Generation.
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Mariano often plays with the baby dolls in the dramatic play area. consequently, mariano is likely to be ___________ ignored by the girls when he plays with the dolls praised by the girls when he plays with trucks and blocks praised by the boys when he plays with the dolls ignored by the boys, even when he plays with trucks and blocks
Mariano often plays with the baby dolls in the dramatic play area. Consequently, Mariano is likely to be ignored by the boys, even when he plays with trucks and blocks.
The reason for this is that children often form play groups based on shared interests and gender expectations. In this situation, Mariano is showing interest in an activity that is stereotypically associated with girls, such as playing with dolls in a dramatic play area.
As a result, the boys in his peer group might view Mariano's play choices as different from their own interests and may be less inclined to include him in their play activities, even when he is participating in more traditionally "boyish" play, like trucks and blocks.
On the other hand, the girls in Mariano's peer group may appreciate his willingness to participate in activities that they enjoy and may praise him when he plays with the dolls. However, if Mariano chooses to play with trucks and blocks, they might not have the same level of enthusiasm, as those activities may not align with their own preferences.
It is essential to encourage children to explore a variety of interests and activities, regardless of traditional gender expectations. Promoting an inclusive play environment can help all children feel accepted and valued for their individual interests and play choices.
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how are candidates in texas elections held directly accountable for their campaign spending and fundraising?
Candidates in Texas elections are held directly accountable for their campaign spending and fundraising through various mechanisms that promote transparency and legal compliance. Firstly, the Texas Ethics Commission (TEC) oversees campaign finance regulations, ensuring that candidates follow the Texas Election Code.
Candidates are required to appoint a campaign treasurer before accepting any contributions or making any expenditures. This ensures a designated individual is responsible for managing funds and maintaining accurate financial records. To promote transparency, candidates must periodically file Campaign Finance Reports with the TEC. These reports detail contributions, expenditures, loans, and any outstanding debts.
Furthermore, the TEC enforces contribution limits, prohibiting candidates from receiving excessive donations from individuals or political committees. This helps prevent undue influence from wealthy supporters. Additionally, the TEC investigates alleged violations of campaign finance laws. If a candidate is found to have breached regulations, they may face fines, sanctions, or even criminal charges.
Overall, Texas election candidates are held directly accountable for their campaign spending and fundraising through a combination of mandatory financial reporting, regulatory oversight, contribution limits, enforcement actions, and public scrutiny.
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Which two concepts does Goodley compare as a central tenet of chapter about adult onset disability
In his chapter about adult onset disability, Goodley compares the concept of disability as a medical problem to the concept of disability as a social construct. Both of these concepts are central tenets in understanding adult onset disability.
Dan Goodley's social model of disability is based on the premise that disability is not an inherent individual trait but is instead a product of the social and cultural environment. Goodley argues that society creates disabling conditions by excluding people with impairments from full participation in social, economic, and political life. The social model of disability asserts that the barriers created by society are what disable people with impairments, rather than the impairments themselves. This means that disability is not solely a medical issue that can be fixed with individual treatment or cure, but rather a social issue that requires systemic change to promote inclusion and equality. Goodley compares the social model with the medical model, as both models have different views on disability. While the medical model sees disability as a personal tragedy or problem that needs to be fixed, the social model views disability as a result of society's barriers and oppression.
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standardized tests are primarily used to establish a norm and test an individuals ranking in that norm. an example of this is the standardized reading test given in most public schools to determine each student's current reading level compared to the national norms. taking this into consideration, one could say that it is an incorrect application of standardized tests to use the results to predict individual human behavior by making the following conclusion: "little johnny scored below the national average on the standardized reading test in fifth grade this year so he will always be a poor reader." true or false
True. It is an incorrect application of standardized tests to use the results to predict individual human behavior.
It is incorrect to use standardized test results to predict individual human behavior like assuming Little Johnny will always be a poor reader just because he scored below the national average in fifth grade. Standardized tests are primarily used to establish a norm and rank individuals within that norm. They are not designed to predict an individual's future behavior or abilities.
Therefore, it is not accurate to make the conclusion that "little Johnny scored below the national average on the standardized reading test in fifth grade this year so he will always be a poor reader."
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abby is 16, and andy is 5. both exhibit egocentrism. how is this egocentrism most likely to differ between them?
Egocentrism is a: cognitive trait where an individual has difficulty seeing things from another person's perspective, often leading to the belief that others share their feelings and thoughts.
In Andy's case, as a 5-year-old, he is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development, according to Jean Piaget's theory. At this stage, children tend to be more self-centered and have difficulty understanding that others may have different thoughts and feelings.
Andy's egocentrism may be exhibited through a lack of empathy or understanding of other people's viewpoints.
On the other hand, Abby, being 16 years old, is in the formal operational stage of cognitive development. Although adolescents at this stage can think abstractly and logically, they may still exhibit egocentrism in a different form called adolescent egocentrism.
This can involve feeling self-conscious, believing that others are constantly observing and evaluating them (imaginary audience), or thinking that they are unique and special, experiencing things no one else can understand (personal fable).
In summary, the primary difference in egocentrism between Abby and Andy is that Andy's egocentrism is characterized by a lack of understanding of others' perspectives, while Abby's egocentrism is more focused on self-consciousness and the belief that she is unique and constantly being evaluated by others.
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