Direct nucleophilic substitution between NH₃ and alkyl halide be made more practical than reacting NH₃ and the alkyl halide in a 1:1 ratio By Using a large excess of NH₃.
Why is direct nucleophilic substitution of an haloalkane with NH₃ not a very useful method for preparing primary amines?
Polyalkylation of the amine will end in multiple products
What happens when haloalkane reacts with NH₃?Ch₂₂: RX + NH₃. Ammonia reacts as a nucleophile with alkyl halides to offer primary amines in a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Yields are often poor because the product, a primary amine, RNH₂, is itself a nucleophile and may react with more alkyl halide.
Is NH₃ a robust nucleophile?
NH₃(Ammonia) has the stronger nucleophilic character than water molecule. Because the Oxygen within the water molecule doesn't likely to bond with any carbon atom compared to Nitrogen atom. Since Oxygen has more electronegativity than Nitrogen. Hence it holds onto its lone pair tightly than Nitrogen.
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The renal control mechanism of restoring the acid-base balance is accomplished through which process?
Re absorption of H[tex]CO_{3}[/tex] and excretion of H+ restores acid-base balance through the renal control mechanisms.
What is renal mechanism?
The renal system consists of the kidney, ureters, and therefore the urethra. the general function of the system filters approximately 200 liters of fluid a day from renal blood flow which allows for toxins, metabolic waste products, and excess ion to be excreted while keeping essential substances within the blood
Why is renal function important?
Renal function is important for homeostasis. The kidneys play important pleiotropic roles including removal of metabolic waste products and maintenance of water–electrolyte balance and vital sign . Early diagnosis of renal dysfunction and institution of appropriate therapy are vital to survival.
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If 30.0 ml of 0.15 m ba(oh)2 was needed to neutralize 50.0 ml of an h3po4 solution. what is the concentration of the original h3po4 solution?
Barium hydroxide is a strong diprotic base and phosphoric acid is a weak triprotic acid. Therefore the balanced acid-base reaction requires a 3:2 molar ratio:
First we find the moles of barium hydroxide reactant:
Volume of barium hydroxide (given) = V1=0.0300 L
Molarity of barium hydroxide (given) = C1=0.15 M
Moles of barium hydroxide = n1=V1×C1=0.0045 mol
For neutralization we require 2/3 the moles for phosphoric acid:
Moles of phosphoric acid = n2=23×0.0045 mol=0.0030 mol
Volume of phosphoric acid (given) = V2=0.0500 L
Molarity of phosphoric acid = n2V2=0.0030 mol/0.0500 L=0.060M
What is Neutralization Reaction?
3Ba(OH)2+2H3PO4→Ba3(PO4)2+6H2O
Conjugate base and acid are the results of the reaction between a Bronsted acid (proton donor) and a Bronsted base (proton acceptor). When both of these reactants have been completely consumed, leaving only the product species, a neutralisation reaction takes place. The stoichiometry of the balanced acid-base reaction equation is used to determine the ratio of molar amounts needed for neutralisation.
Therefore,
If 30.0 ml of 0.15 m ba(oh)2 was needed to neutralize 50.0 ml of an h3po4 solution. what is the concentration of the original h3po4 solution?
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What is the best choice of reagent to perform the following transformation?.
a. h2o
b. h2so4
c. naoch3
d. kotbu
the best choice of reagent to perform the following transformation is H₂O and H₂SO₄
What is reagent with example?
In chemistry , the term "reagent" denotes a chemical ingredient, this will also be stated as an "Orko". this is often typically found in a compound. (a compound or mixture, typically of inorganic or small organic molecules) introduced to cause the specified transformation of an organic substance.Reagents could also be compounds or mixtures. In chemistry , most are small organic molecules or inorganic compounds.
What is difference between reagent and reactant?Reactant: Reactants are the starting materials that undergo changes during a reaction .
Reagent: Reagents are the compounds that are added to a system so as to cause a chemical reaction.
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The binding and release of sodium or potassium ions are due to conformational changes in the protein. True or false?.
true, I'm not 100% sure if it's true though
What type(s) of bonding would be expected for each of the following materials: brass (a copper-zinc alloy), epoxy, barium sulfide (bas), solid xenon, bronze, nylon, and aluminum phosphide (alp)?
The bonding expected for each material is covalent ,ionic and metallic bonds .
About bonds :
The force of attraction that leads to holding of atoms or ions together in a molecule or crystal is said be bonding. Bond formation can happen by either attraction or transfer of electrons. There are single, double, and triple bonds. There are many sorts of bonding namely:
Covalent (sharing of electrons takes place).
Ionic (transfer of electrons takes place)
Metallic (ionized atoms of metals and therefore the sea of electrons around them).
Brass (a copper-zinc alloy)
Brass is an alloy of metal that's copper and zinc. Hence, the metallic bonding is present within the brass.
Rubber
It is a polymer whose monomer unit is isoprene, which may be a covalent compound. The isoprene units are attached in repeated units to make rubber by covalent bonding.
Barium sulfide ()
Due to the large electronegativity difference between barium and sulfur, barium sulfide is an ionic compound. Thus, ionic bonding is present in barium sulfide.
Solid xenon
Only xenon atoms are present in solid xenon which are interacted by weak Van der Waal's interactions.
Bronze
Bronze is an alloy of metal that's copper and tin. Hence, the metallic bonding is present within the brass.
Nylon
It is a polymer whose monomer unit is caprolactam, which may be a covalent compound. The caprolactam units are attached in repeated units to make nylon by covalent bonding.
Aluminum phosphide ()
Aluminum phosphide may be a covalent compound and thus involves covalent bonding.
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According to the law of multiple proportions, if 12 g of carbon combine with 16 g of oxygen to form co, the number of grams of carbon that combine with 16 g of oxygen in the formation of co2 is ________.
The weight of carbon that combines with 16 g of oxygen in the formation of CO2 is 12 g.
The law of multiple proportions was given by Dalton in 1803.
According to this law, when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed amount of another element, are in the ratio of whole numbers.
For example,
hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce two compounds, water(H₂O) and hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂).
Hydrogen + Oxygen ⇒ Water
2 g 16 g 18 g
Hydrogen + Oxygen ⇒ Hydrogen Peroxide
2g 32 g 34 g
Similarly, carbon also reacts with oxygen to form two different compounds, carbon dioxide(CO₂) and carbon monoxide(CO).
Carbon + Oxygen ⇒ Carbon Dioxide
12 g 32 g 44 g
Carbon+ Oxygen ⇒ Carbon Monoxide
12 g 16 g 28 g
Thus, the weight of carbon that combines with 16 g of oxygen in the formation of CO₂ is 12 g.
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Question 2
Which of the following is an SI unit for expressing the mass of a block of Au?
A. M
B. L
C. Pound
D. G
The SI unit for expressing the mass of a block of Au is gram with SI unit symbol g.
SI unit is a measurement unit which is universally accepted system. It is used for technical and scientific work.
The gram is the unit of mass in the International systems of units, SI. Gram is equal to 1/1000th of a kilogram.
Mass is used to measure an objects's weight. Most common units to express mass in metric system is gram and kilogram. The standard unit of mass in SI system is kilogram (Kg). The reason to use kilogram is because gram is a small amount.
Although, in case of Au, the SI unit to express mass of Au is g.
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The chemical formula for octane is: ch3ch26ch3 calculate the molar mass of octane. round your answer to 1 decimal place.
The chemical formula for octane is: ch3ch26ch3 114073 is the molar mass of octane.
What is molar mass ?The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined in chemistry by dividing the mass of a sample of that compound by the quantity of that compound, which is the number of moles in that sample, measured in moles. A substance's molar mass is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one. The compound's molar mass is an average over multiple samples, each of which will likely have a different mass because of the existence of isotopes.
The molar mass is most frequently calculated from the standard atomic weights, making it a terrestrial average and a function of the relative abundance of the constituent atoms' isotopes on Earth. The molar mass is suitable for converting between a substance's mass and a quantity.
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Consider a 0.5 l buffer that contains 0.12 m hocl and 0.080 m kocl. what is the ph of this buffer after adding 2.5 ml of 10m koh to the solution. (ka (hocl) = 3.5 x 10-8)
The pH of this buffer after adding 2.5 ml of 10m KOH to the solution is 7.73
What is the pH of this buffer after adding 2.5 ml of 10m KOH to the solution?The HOCl/KOCl buffer has a pKa of 7.46. We can use the H-H equation to determine the pH of this buffer:
[tex]pH = log\frac{ [A^{-} ] }{[HA]} + pKa[/tex]
[tex]pH = 7.46 + log\frac{[KOCl] }{ [HOCl]}[/tex]
Where [] represents the molarity (or moles) of each compound.
Initial HClO and NaClO moles:
HOCl :-0.500L * (0.12mol / L) = 0.06 moles HOCl
KOCl:- 0.500L * (0.080mol / L) =0.04 moles KOCl
HOCl now reacts with KOH to form KOCl:
[tex]HOCl + KOH[/tex]→ [tex]KOCl[/tex] + [tex]H_{2} O[/tex]
The moles of KOH in the reaction are as follows:
[tex]2.5x10^{-3} L * (10mol/L)=0.025 moles KOH[/tex]
That is, 0.025 moles of HOCl are consumed and 0.025 moles of KOCl are produced after the reaction.
Following the reaction, moles are:
The final moles:
HOCl:- 0.06mol - 0.025mol = 0.035mol HOCl
KOCl :-0.04mol + 0.025mol = 0.065mol KOCl
Replacing in the H-H equation:
[tex]pH = 7.46 + log\frac{ [0.065mol] }{ [0.035mol]}[/tex]
pH = 7.73
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To make pizza dough, luca mixes 50 ml of milk for every 250 ml of flour. how many ml of milk does he mix with 750 ml of flour?
To make pizza dough, Luca combines 50 ml of milk for every 250 ml of flour. 150 ml of milk does combine with 750 ml of flour.
calculation :
[tex]\frac{50}{250}[/tex] × 750
= 150 ml
Is pizza dough just bread dough?
The distinction between Pizza and Bread dough is Pizza dough is made with a more elevated protein flour other than that they both use the exact ingredients, yeast, flour, salt, and water. Let the dough grow before freezing, then split the dough into your preferred pizza portions, put it in airtight freezer bags and freeze.
Pizza dough is made up with five basic ingredients flour, salt, yeast, oil, and water.
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Calculate the energy of a gamma ray photon whose frequency is 5.02x10^20 Hz
The bohr radius theoretically is the __________ distance an electron can approach the nucleus in the hydrogen atom.
The bohr radius theoretically is the equal distance an electron can approach the nucleus in the hydrogen atom.
Bohr radius named after by Niels Bohr because Niels Bohr proposed the bohr model of an atom. Bohr radius is the mean radius of the orbit of an electron around the nucleus of a hydrogen atom at its ground state and is approximately equal to 5.29177×10⁻11 . the Bohr radius approximately equal to the most probable distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state. so theoretically distance an electron is equal approach the nucleus in the hydrogen atom.
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How much electrical energy is converted to light and thermal energy by a 130 w light bulb in one day?
468 KJ of electrical energy is converted to light and thermal energy by a 130 w light bulb in one day.
Define Electrical energyElectrical energy is produced when electrically charged particles move, producing energy. Electrical energy is a general term that describes the energy that has been transformed from electric potential energy. Electric current and electric potential are given by an electrical circuit that serves as the source of this energy (e.g., provided by an electric power utility). This electric potential energy stops being electric potential energy after it has been changed into another form of energy.
P = 130W is the lightbulb's power.
Within an hour, we must locate the electrical energy that the lightbulb generated. We are aware that the amount of electrical energy generated per unit of time is what provides electricity.
1 hour equals 3600 seconds.
p=E/T
E= p * T
E= 130 * 3600
E= 468000 joule
E = 468 kJ
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HELP ME FLOCABULARY
help me please
Answer:
a
Explanation:
potential energy is something that could happen but haven't yet
If solutions of co(no3)3 and koh are mixed, how many precipitation reactions will occur?
If solution of Co(NO3)3 and KOH are mixed then following reaction will occur:
Co(NO₃)₃ + KOH → Co(OH)₃ + KNO₃
This is double displacement reaction.The ions swap positions in a double displacement process. The first ion's positive ion moves to the second ion's negative ion, and the second ion's positive ion moves to the first ion's negative ionIn this reaction cobalt nitrate reacts with potassium hydroxide to form cobalt hydroxide which is insoluble in water and therefore it will form precipitate in the solution.Other product will be potassium nitrate ( KNO₃). Nitrates are soluble in water therefore KNO3 will not form precipitate in the solution.let us balance the equation:
Co(NO₃)₃ +3 KOH → Co(OH)₃ +3 KNO₃
Now we will split strong electrolyte into ions:
Co³⁺ + 3NO₃⁻ + 3K⁺ + 3OH⁻ = Co(OH)₃ + 3K⁺ + 3NO₃⁻
So the net ionic equation will be
Co³⁺ + 3OH⁻ = Co(OH)₃
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Suppose the United States adopted the international standard for
letter-sized paper. Explain at least two things that might result from this change
Answer:
. In the United States, a standard letter-sized piece of paper is 8.5 inches wide by 11 inches long. The international standard for a letter-sized piece of paper is different. The international standard is based on SI units: 21.0 cm wide by 29.7 cm long. a. Convert 21.0 cm to inches. Show your dimensional analysis setup. b. Convert 29.7 cm to inches. Show your dimensional analysis setup. c. State the dimensions, in inches, of the international standard for a letter-sized piece of paper. d. Which piece of paper is longer: a U.S. letter-sized piece of paper, or an international letter-sized piece of paper? e. Suppose the United States adopted the international standard for letter-sized paper. Explain at least two things that might result from this change
questionyou heat two substances, a and b. both substances change color. when cooled, both substances return to their original colors.what most likely happened in this situation?
Two substances, a and b were heated. Both substances change color. when cooled, both substances return to their original colors.
What is a physical change?
A physical alteration only affects the object's shape; the object's interior structure (its molecules) remain unaltered. It is possible to change the created element back into the original thing. A alteration that can be undone is reversible. The condition, shape, or size of an object can change due to a physical change.
Here, since after heating both the substances a and b change colour and again on cooling return back to their original form (previous colour), thus we can conclude that a physical change occurs in them on heating which reverts back on cooling, being a reversible process.
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the equilibrium of 2h 2 o(g) 2h 2 (g) o 2 (g) at 2,000 k has a k eq value of 5.31 x 10 -10 . what is the mass action expression for this system?
The mass expression for the system is K= (aH₂)² × aO₂ / (aH₂O)² = 5.31× 10⁻¹⁰.
First, we have to write a balanced chemical equation, i.e
2H₂O(g) ⇄2H₂(g)+O₂(g)
Now, from the above equation we can write mass action expression,
K= (aH₂)² × aO₂ / (aH₂O)² = 5.31× 10⁻¹⁰.
The mass action law provides simple method to write the expression for the equilibrium constant of any reaction. it is a universal law and applicable to all chemical reactions.
The ratio of the concentrations of the reactants and products is known as Equillibrium constant. It is represented as (K).
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15) CCC Patterns Changes in the state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) are
the result of different energy levels at the molecular level. Look
at the graph of the energy required to go from water ice to water
vapor. Describe the energy of the water molecules for each state.
The thermal energy of solid state is the least and the thermal energy for gaseous state is maximum.
Any substance that is present around us exists in three states i.e, solid, liquid and gas.
The two major factors that affect the state of the substance are thermal energy and intermolecular interactions. These factors are shown in the adjoining image.
When energy in the form of heat is provided to ice, it first converts into liquid water and finally into steam. This conversion has been shown in the graph present in the adjoining diagram.
As energy is added to it, the solid state has the lowest energy, the energy of the liquid state is more than the solid state and the maximum energy is of gaseous state.
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What would be a rocket’s acceleration [a = (End velocity - Start velocity) / time] in space if it fires its engines and starts moving from 1000 m/s to 2500 m/s in 10 seconds?
The acceleration of the rocket would be 150 m/s^2.
Initial velocity, u=1000 m/s
Final velocity, v=2500 m/s
Time taken, t=10 seconds.
According to equation of motion,
v=u+at
2500=1000+10a
2500-1000=10a
1500=10a
a=150 m/s^2.
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Which term best describes salt water made by combining table salt with pure water
Answer: "homogenous mixture." out of these 2
brine, salt water, particularly a highly concentrated water solution of common salt (sodium chloride).
HOPE THIS HELPS.✨
A huge candy bar measures 35.6cm long, 3.8cm tall, and 4.2cm wide. The bar has a total Mass of 633.6
grams, including a delicious 198 grams of fat!
Calculate the Density of this wonder of the chocolate.
The density of the chocolate, given the data is 11.15 g/cm³
What is density?The density of a substance is simply defined as the mass of the subtance per unit volume of the substance. Mathematically, it can be expressed as
Density = mass / volume
How to determine the density of the chocolateThe following data were obtained from the question:
Dimension = 35.6 cm × 3.8 cm × 4.2 cmVolume = dimension = 35.6 cm × 3.8 cm × 4.2 cm = 568.176 cm³Total mass = 633.6 gDensity of chocolate =?The density of the chocolate can be obtained as follow:
Density = mass / volume
Density of chocolate = 633.6 / 568.176
Density of chocolate = 11.15 g/cm³
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If solutions of ba(oh)2 and feso4 are mixed, how many precipitation reactions will occur?
2 precipitation reactions will occur.
A "chemical reaction occurring in an aqueous solution when two ionic bonds combine, yielding the creation of an insoluble salt" is what is meant by the term "precipitation reaction." Precipitates are the insoluble salts created during precipitation reactions. Precipitation reactions are often double displacement events that result in the formation of the precipitate, a solid form of residue.
The creation of insoluble salts that precipitate out of the solution results from these reactions when two or more solutions with various salt concentrations are mixed. The chemical reaction between potassium chloride and silver nitrate, in which solid silver chloride is precipitated out, is one of the greatest examples of precipitation reactions. This is the precipitation reaction's byproduct, the insoluble salt.
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Chemists use the letters of the alphabet as what for the elements?
Answer:
As a Symbol
Explanation:
I need help with ten and eleven
Answer:
11no:4.9%
Explanation:
4.9% bones are there in the human body in hips and legs
Coach is used to activate carboxylic acids. what type of compound is formed between coach and a carboxylic acid?
The type of compound is formed between coach and a carboxylic acid alcohol + carboxylic acid → ester + water.
How carboxylic acids are formed?
A acid is produced after the acidic hydrolysis of esters and carboxylates are produced after the basic hydrolysis of an ester.
What are the functional group of alcohol and carboxylic acid?
Alcohols contain the hydroxyl functional group and may be primary, secondary, or tertiary. Ethers are compounds with an oxygen atom bonded to 2 alkyl groups. Aldehydes and ketones contain the carbonyl functional group
Can a compound be a acid and an alcohol?
Esters are represented by the formula RCOOR', where R and R' are hydrocarbon groups. The ester, which is compound derived from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in which the OH of the acid is replaced by an OR group, looks somewhat sort of a n ether and also somewhat like a carboxylic acid.
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failure to mix a specimen containing an anticoagulant by inverting the sealed specimen container several times after collection of the specimen
Failure to mix a specimen containing an anticoagulant by inverting the sealed specimen container several times after collection of the specimen is due to the clots in specimen.
Clots in specimen or clotted specimen refers to an abruptly clotted blood specimen in which clotting occurs in that tube which contains anticoagulant. A specimen is clotted when the anticoagulant in the tube is not adequately mixed.
To mix and ensure adequate anticoagulation of the specimen, tube filled with the blood has to be inverted 8 - 10 times immediately, so that clots in specimen do not occur.
Specimen is supposed to be mixed immediately to ensure that anticoagulant in the tube has been fully dissolved with the specimen, which in return maintains the effective anticoagulant-to-specimen ratio and provides a specimen free from any clots.
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question 3 a reaction equation, shown below, consumes 5.0 g of a and 6.0 g of b. how many total grams of c and d should be obtained? 1 a 3 b → 2 c 4 d
5.0 g of a and 6.0 g of b will obtain 11g of c and d, according to the law of conservation of mass.
What is law of conservation of mass?
The law of conservation of mass, also known as the principle of mass conservation, states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the system's mass must remain constant over time because the mass of the system cannot change, meaning that neither more nor less can be added or taken away.
This law states that regardless of the physical or chemical change, the total mass of the products and the total mass of the reactants stay the same. Also referred to as the "law of indestructibility of matter," the law of conservation of mass.
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a container filled with 45 kg of liquid water at 95°c is placed in a 90-m3 room that is initially at 12°c. thermal equilibrium is established after a while as a result of heat transfer between the water and the air in the room. using constant specific heats, determine (a) the final equilibrium temperature, (b) the amount of heat transfer between the water and the air in the room, and (c) the entropy generation. assume the room is well sealed and heavily insulated.
Thermal equilibrium is established after a while as a result of heat transfer between the water and the air in the room.
Option B is correct
What is Thermal equilibrium?
If there is no net transfer of thermal energy when two physical systems are connected by a heat-permeable route, then they are in thermal equilibrium. Thermal equilibrium is in accordance with the first law of thermodynamics.
When a system's internal temperature is both uniformly distributed and stable over time, it is considered to be in thermal equilibrium with itself. Systems that are in thermal equilibrium are always in systems that are in thermodynamic equilibrium, while the reverse is not always true.
The two systems may reach thermal equilibrium without achieving thermodynamic equilibrium if the connection between them allows the transfer of energy as a "change in internal energy" but not the transfer of matter or energy as work.
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Relative conductance is the ability of a specific conductor to carry electrons as compared to the ability of a(n) ___ conductor to carry electrons.
Relative conductance is the ability of a specific conductor to carry electrons as compared to the ability of a copper conductor to carry electrons.
The relative conductance (g'X) of a given ionic species is the conductance for that single ion divided by the total conductance for all of the ionic species (i.e., g'X = gX/g Total). The flow of free electrons in the form of an electric current is referred to as conduction. The inverse of resistivity is conductivity. That is 1/ and has a siemens per meter, or S/m, value. From zero (for a perfect insulator) to infinity, conductivity is possible (for a perfect conductor). A super conductor has nearly no ohmic resistance and limitless conductance
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