the molar heat of fusion of water is 6.02 kj/mol. calculate the energy required to melt 46.8 g of water.
When the molar heat of fusion of water is 6.02 kJ/mol, it takes 15.4 kJ of energy to melt 46.8 g of water. The enthalpy of a substance changes due to heat of fusion , which releases energy.
To convert a substance from a solid to a liquid while maintaining pressure, a certain amount of the substance must be used.
A thermodynamic system's enthalpy, which is one of its properties, is calculated by adding the system's internal energy to the product of its pressure and volume. It is a state heat of fusion that is employed in numerous measurements in chemical, biological, and physical systems while the pressure is constant. Called enthalpy
46g/18g equals mols of water.
mole-1 equals 2.56 mole
1 mole melts at a temperature of 6.02KJ of heat.
Heat needed to melt 2.56 moles is equal to 6.02kJ*2.56 = 15.4kJ.
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Write a paragraph explaining how the elements and water would be important to searching for life on another planet. Be sure to include a claim evidence, and reasoning
Checklist
What are the elements that support life
How do these elements support life
why is water so important to living things
Describe each of the properties of water listed
relate these properties to waters importancefor living things
ANSWER ALL WITH DETAILS AND I WILL MARK BRANLIEST
40 POINTS
The elements carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and oxygen as well as water are important in searching for life as these elements are the main components of organic water whereas water is the universal solvent dissolving these organic molecules.
What are the elements needed for life to exist?The elements needed for life to exist are the elements found in organic compounds.
The elements that are found in organic compounds are:
carbonnitrogenoxygenhydrogenphosphorussulfurThese elements are found in the main macromolecules of life which are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Another substance that is the most important substance that sustains life is water.
Water is needed for life because it is the most important solvent in which the living components of the cells are dissolved.
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the half-life of palladium-100 is 4 days. after 24 days a sample of palladium-100 has been reduced to a mass of 7 mg. what was the initial mass (in mg) of the sample?
448.142 mg was the initial mass (in mg) of the sample
What is half life ?
Half-life in radioactivity, the time interval required for half of the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay (spontaneously converted to other types of nuclei by the release of particles and energy), or equivalently, the number of decays required Halve the amount of radioactive material per second of time interval.
For example, the radioisotope cobalt 60 used in radiotherapy has a half-life of 5.26 years. Therefore, after this interval, a sample that originally contained 8 g Cobalt-60 will only contain 4 g Cobalt-60 and emit half the amount of radiation. After another 5.26 year interval, the sample contains only 2 g of Cobalt-60. However, both the volume and the mass of the original sample are such that the unstable cobalt-60 nuclei decay into stable nickel-60 nuclei, leaving undecayed cobalt.
7/e^-4.1592 =448.142
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a ground-state h atom absorbs a photon of wavelength 93.78 nm, and its electron attains a higher energy level. the atom then emits two photons: one of wavelength 2626 nm to reach an intermediate level, and a second to reach the ground state. what was the wavelength of the second photon emitted?
Wavelength of the second photon emitted is 97.3nm. By using the formula E = hc/λ.
What is hydrogen energy level?A photon's frequency and Planck's constant are used to calculate the quantum energy. The relationship between wavelength and frequency is inverse, as seen below.
v = c/ λ
The energy of photon of light: given by the formula,
E = hv
E = hc/λ
Given,
wavelength of photon of light at higher energy level is 93.78 nm.
wavelength of photon of light at intermediate level is 2626 nm = 2626×10⁻⁹m
Etotal = hc/λ
Where,
E is the energy of a photon.
h is the Planck's constant (6.626×10⁻³⁴J⋅s)
c is the speed of light (3.0×10⁸m/s)
λ is the wavelength, wavelength is 93.78 nm.
1nm = 1×10⁻⁹m
Therefore, conversion of 93.78 nm into m is, 93.78nm=93.78×10⁻⁹m
Substitute:
Etotal = [tex]\frac{(6.626 . 10^{-34} )(3.0 . 10^{8}) }{93.78 .10^{-9} }[/tex]
Etotal = 2.12 × 10⁻¹⁸ J
the energy of 1 photon, E1 = [tex]\frac{(6.626 . 10^{-34} )(3.0 . 10^{8}) }{2626 .10^{-9} }[/tex]
E1= 7.57×10⁻²⁰
the energy of 2 photon, E2 = Etotal-E1
E2 = 2.044× 10⁻¹⁸J
wavelength of second photon,
λ = hc/E2
λ = [tex]\frac{(6.626 . 10^{-34} )(3.0 . 10^{8}) }{2.04 .10^{-18} }[/tex]
λ = 9.73 × 10⁻⁸m
conversion of m into nm, 1m = 1×10⁹nm
Therefore, conversion of 9.73×10⁻⁸m into nm is
9.73×10⁻⁸m = 9.73×10⁻⁸×10⁹nm =97.3nm
∴ wavelength of second emitted photon is 97.3nm.
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which statement is correct for an endothermic reaction? a. bonds in the products are stronger than the bonds in the reactants. b. bonds in the reactants are stronger than the bonds in the products. c. the enthalpy of the products is less than that of the reactants. d. the reaction is spontaneous
It is appropriate for just an endothermic reaction when the reactant's bonds are stronger than the product's bonds.
The correct answer is B
What is an endothermic reaction?Chemical reactions classified as endothermic occur when the reactants absorb heat energy from their surroundings to produce products. These occurrences have a cooling effect because they make their immediate surroundings colder.
What action is endothermic?If heat is absorbed by system from of the environment, the reaction and physical change is endothermic. As a result of the system absorbing heat from its surroundings during an endothermic process, the environment's temperature drops.
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What is another name for the activation energy barrier in a reaction?
A.
transition state
B.
changing state
C.
top of reaction
D.
needed energy
Please help me.
What is Electrovalant Bond?
Answer:
ionic bond, also called electrovalent bond, type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.
Explanation:
please help!!
(this is Rutherford's Black box experiment)
- please answer all the questions in full sentences :D
- do not answer "i'm not sure" on here.
1) Suppose the marble usually rolled right to the end of the box without bouncing off anything, what would this tell you about the size of the targets?
2) What conclusions did Rutherford draw from his data and how did the data change the model of the atom?
3) Niels Bohr was a student of Rutherford, Bohr's work went on to modify the atomic model even more. What changes did Bohr make to advance our understanding of the atom?
Answers:
1) If the marble usually rolls right to the end of the box without bouncing off anything, this indicates that the size of the targets is appropriate for the marble.
2) Rutherford's data led him to conclude that atoms are mostly empty space, with a very small, very dense nucleus at the center. This data changed the model of the atom from a solid, indivisible sphere to a mostly empty space with a small, dense nucleus.
3) Bohr's model of the atom was an improvement on Rutherford's model. Bohr made the following changes:
proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in discrete energy levelsexplained the stability of atoms by postulating that electrons can only occupy certain energy levelsproposed that when an electron jumps from one energy level to another, it emits or absorbs a photon with an energy equal to the difference in the energy levelsThese changes helped to explain the spectral lines of atoms and the stability of atoms.
which is the major product of the reaction of ethyl grignard and propiophenone (ethyl phenyl ketone)?
2-Methyl-butan-2-ol is the major product of the reaction of ethyl grignard and propiophenone (ethyl phenyl ketone).
What type of reaction is Grignard?The nucleophile in a keto or aldehyde is coupled to alkyl, ethyl ester, vinyl, or allylic halides in the Fermentation process, an organo combination of carbon monoxide. It takes place in this process for carbon-carbon bonds to form.
What purpose does Grignard reagent serve?It is possible to count the halogen atoms in a halide compound using Grignard reagents. For the chemical examination of several glycerides as well as numerous cross-coupling processes for the synthesis of various dioxide and carbon-heteroatom linkages, Grignard degradation is employed.
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Which best represents a balanced equation?
200 grams of carbon dioxide
A. 120 grams of carbon plus 20 grams of oxygen -
B. 120 grams of carbon plus 50 grams of oxygen 200 grams of carbon dioxide
C. 120 grams of carbon plus 80 grams of oxygen 200 grams of carbon dioxide
D. 120 grams and carbon plus 100 grams of oxygen - 200 grams of carbon dioxide
Answer:
i think its C i may be wrong...
Explanation:
explain why chromatography separates substances in the mixture
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Ignoring sign which transition is associated with the greatest energy change?
N=1 to n=3
N=3 to n=5
N=2 to n=1
N=3 to n=2
According to the given statement The transition from n=1 to n=3 results in the largest energy change.
How do you calculate energy change?Energy change Equals energy in Minus energy out. To calculate the energy transfer for a reaction, add the bond energy for all the atoms in the reactants (this is the "energy in") and the bond values for all the bonds with in products (this is the "energy out").
What causes energy to change?Energy is capable of changing its forms. For instance, electrical energy transforms into thermal and light heat when a lightbulb is turned on. A automobile transforms the gasoline's molecular bonds' stored energy into a variety of other forms. Chemical energy is converted to light in the engine through a chemical reaction.
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A gas at 65.0°C occupies 4.22 L. If the pressure remains the same, at which
Celsius temperature will the volume be 3.87 L?
A gas at 65.0°C occupies 4.22 L. If the pressure remains the same, at which Celsius temperature will the volume be 3.87 L out to be 310 degrees
You can leave the pressure out of both sides of the equation since the pressure is constant to make it easy.
so all you have is volume over Temp = new volume over new temp which is we don't know.
4.22 liters over 338 Kelvin = 3.87 liters over T
cross multiply and solve for T which comes out to be 310 degrees K or 37 degrees C
Yes you are right it is 310
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a five part per million standard has a percent transmission on a spectrometer of 34.780. what is the absorbance?
The absorbance of the sample with 34.780 percent transmittance is 3.54
What is transmittance?
Transmittance is the fraction of the incident light which passes through the sample and comes out successfully. In spectrometer, the detector detects the amount of light coming out of the sample and converts the reading into digital display. Absorbance is the fraction of the light which is being absorbed by the given sample.
The absorbance of the sample is,
A = 2 - log (-% T)
where, A = absorbance, %T = transmittance
A = 2 - log (-34.780) = 2 - (-1.54) = 3.54
Therefore, the absorbance of the sample having 34.780 percentage transmittance is 3.54.
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Brainliest. Help please
Answer:
Sulphate ion
Explanation:
Zinc will undergoes oxidation. Zn2+ - - > Zn + 2e-
Copper will undergoes reduction. Cu2+ + 2e- - - > Cu
WILL MARK BRAINLIEST! 100 POINTS!
A solution of 0.2 M sulfuric acid is titrated with a 0.2 M basic solution. In three to five sentences, explain how you can use the results of the titration as evidence for the ratio of sulfuric acid and the base in the balanced chemical reaction for the titration.
(Please answer in three to five sentences)
If there are 0.2 M solutions of both acid and base, the concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions will be equal at equivalence point.
The reaction of sulfuric acid and a basic solution BOH occurs as follows;
H2SO4(aq) + 2BOH(aq) -----> B2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
In the question, we are told that that both the solution of the sulfuric acid and the basic solution are 0.2 M.
The point where all the hydrogen and hydroxide ions have reacted according to the stoichiometry of the reaction. If there is really equimolar amounts of acid and base, the concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions will be equal at equivalence point.
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how does the standard entropy of a substance depend on its molar mass? the larger the molar mass, the lower the entropy. the standard entropy of a substance does not depend on its molar mass. the larger the molar mass, the greater the entropy.
The bigger the molar mass, the greater the entropy at room temperature. When looking at the state of matter of objects, entropy generally increases with increasing molecular complexity.
What is entropy ?
Entropy, a measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature not available for useful work. Work is obtained from ordered molecular motion, the amount of entropy is also a measure of the molecular disorder or randomness of a system. The concept of entropy gives us deep insight into the direction of spontaneous change in many everyday phenomena. Introduced in 1850 by German physicist Rudolf Clausius, it is the pinnacle of 19th-century physics.
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solid aluminum nitrate is added to distilled water to produce a solution in which the concentration of the nitrate ion, [no3-], is 0.60 m. what is the concentration of aluminum ion in this solution? (note: square brackets around a chemical formula indicates the molarity of that particular species)
The solid Aluminium Nitrate is added to distilled water to produce the solution, the concentration of Aluminium ions in the solution is 0.20 M
The Solid Aluminium Nitrate Al[NO₃]₃ consists of a ratio of 1 Aluminium ion consisting of 3 Nitrate ions per formula unit.
Thus, the concentration of [NO₃]³⁻ is given as 0.60M
1 [Al]³⁺ → 3[NO₃]
∴ 1 [Al]³⁺ → 1/3 × 0.60
1 [Al]³⁺ → 0.20 M
Hence, the concentration of aluminum ions in the solution is 0.20 M.
The Aluminium Nitrate appears to be a white, crystalline solid. Though it is a non-combustible compound but can accelerate the burning of combustible materials. In large quantities, it could lead to explosions.
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Put the following elements in order from smallest to largest atomic radius: Carbon, Oxygen, Tin, Strontium
Rank the following elements by increasing atomic radius: Carbon, Aluminum, Oxygen, Potassium
The order of the atomic radius is;
1) Potassium, Aluminum, Carbon, Oxygen
2) Potassium, Aluminum, Carbon, Oxygen
What is the order of the atomic radius?We know that the atomic radius has to do with the distance between one atom and another in that are not covalently combined. We know that the atomic radius is a function of the group to which the atom belongs.
We know that the atomic radius increases down the group but would tend to decrease across the period as more shells are added to the atom of the element.
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the bromophenol blue endpoint is surpassed in the back titration of the excess hcl with the sodium hydroxide titrant. as a result of this technique error, will the reported amount of antacid in the sample be too high or too low? explain.
The reported amount of antacid in the sample will be too high.
What are antacids?
Antacids are simply assembled salts and salk like compound which help in neutralizing of acids.This Neutralization reaction by antacids leads to various products such as other salts, water and possibly carbondioxid which results in hydrolysis and insoluble compound precipitation. There is a noticeable decline in the neutralizing ability by antacids and neutralization rate of aluminum-containing antacids when they are neutralized ny antacids in the presence of organic acids, peptones, and polypeptides.
In above case, the reported amount of antacid will be high because it will report as more NaOH needed to neutralize a greater amount of HCl.
Hence, The reported amount of antacid will be too high.
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The sample's antacid content will be overstated in the reported amount.
What are antacids?
Simple salts and salk-like compounds that are assembled to form antacids aid in neutralising acids. Antacids' neutralisation reaction produces a number of byproducts, including other salts, water, and possibly carbon dioxide, which causes hydrolysis and the precipitation of insoluble compounds. When aluminum-containing antacids are neutralised by antacids inside the presence of organic acids, peptones, and polypeptides, there is a discernible decline in their ability to neutralise and rate of neutralisation.
In the aforementioned situation, the reported amount of antacid would be high because more NaOH will be required to neutralise a larger amount of HCl.
Hence, The reported amount of antacid will be too high.
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a 0.2046 g sample of a diprotic acid of the general formula h2a required 18.55 ml of a 0.1040 m naoh solution to neutralize it in an acid-base titration. what is the molar mass of the diprotic acid?
The molar mass of the diprotic acid is 212 grams/mol.
Perimeter
Mass of a diprotic acid = m₂ = 0.2046 gThe general formula H₂A Volume of NaOH = V₁ = 18.55 mL = 0.01855 LMolarity of NaOH = M₁ = 0.1040 MCalculate the mole of a diprotic acid
n NaOH = M₁ × V₁Calculate the molar mass
[tex]n_2 = \frac{m_2}{M_2}[/tex]
[tex]M_2 = \frac{m_2}{n_2}[/tex]
[tex]M_2 = \frac{0.2046}{0.0009646}[/tex]
M₂ = 212 g/mol
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while determining the volume during this experiment (part ii), if the total volume of the flask were incorrectly reported as 125 ml, how would this error affect the calculated molar mass of the unknown volatile liquid? explain.
While determining the volume during this experiment .if the total volume of the flask were incorrectly reported as 125 ml, this error affect the calculated molar mass of the unknown volatile liquid. yes
The number of mole calculated by the following formula :
number of moles = mass / molar mass
greater the number of number of moles low the molar mass.
the ideal gas equation is given as :
P V = n RT
and the volume is directly proportional to moles . if the volume increases molar mass decreases.
Thus, While determining the volume during this experiment .if the total volume of the flask were incorrectly reported as 125 ml, this error affect the calculated molar mass of the unknown volatile liquid. yes
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What is the frequency of a wave whose wavelength is 5.67 x 10^-7
The frequency of a wave whose wavelength is 5.67 × 10-⁷m is 5.3 × 10¹⁴Hz.
How to calculate frequency?Wavelength is the length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the next.
The wavelength of a wave is often designated in physics as λ, and corresponds to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency as follows:
λ = v/f
Where;
λ = wavelengthv = velocity of wavef = frequency of the waveThe frequency is the quotient of the number of times, n, a periodic phenomenon occurs over the time (t) in which it occurs.
According to this question, a wave has a wavelength is 5.67 × 10-⁷m. The frequency can be calculated as follows:
5.67 × 10-⁷ = 3 × 10⁸/f
f = 3 × 10⁸ ÷ 5.67 × 10-⁷
f = 5.3 × 10¹⁴Hz.
Therefore, 5.3 × 10¹⁴Hz is the frequency of the wave
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a. is the diode forward or reverse biased? explain your answer. b. what is the acceptor concentration on the p-side? c. what is the donor concentration on the n-side? d. what is the intrinsic carrier concentration? e. do low level injection conditions apply? f. what bias (in volts) is applied to the diode?
The diode is forward-biased. The acceptor concentration on the p-side is [tex]N_{A}[/tex] = 10¹⁶ cm⁻³. The donor concentration on the n-side is [tex]N_{D}[/tex] = 10¹⁴ cm⁻³. The intrinsic carrier concentration is [tex]n_{i}[/tex] = 3.16×10¹¹ cm⁻³. Yes, the low-level injection condition applies. The bias (in volts) applied to the diode is [tex]V_{A}[/tex] = 0.18V.
The diode is forward-biased because of the excess electrons on the P-side and the excess holes on the N-side. In the intrinsic carrier concentration on the P-side n₀p₀ = 10¹⁶ × 10⁷ = 10²³ = [tex]n_{i}[/tex] = √10²³ = 3.16×10¹¹ cm⁻³, while on the N-side n₀p₀ = 10¹⁴×10⁹ = [tex]n_{i}[/tex] = √10²³ = 3.16×10¹¹. The low-level injection applies on the P-side as Δn(-[tex]x_{p}[/tex]) = 10¹⁰ << p₀ and on the N-side Δp([tex]x_{n}[/tex])=10¹² << n₀ = 10¹⁴.
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How does knowing the properties of a substance enable you to identify a substance?
Every substance might have its own unique properties. They can be of characteristic physical and chemical properties by which they can be identified.
What is physical properties?Physical properties of a substance include the properties related to its mass, volume, density its phase change etc. Various physical properties include density, conductivity, melting point, boiling point etc.
Chemical properties of a substance include its reactivity, bond type etc. The reactivity of each substance may vary based on their bond type and intermolecular force of attraction. Each substance shows different reactivity towards air, water, with other metals and chemicals.
Similarly, the state of each substance it mostly exists will be different. Therefore, by determining the physical and chemical properties of the substance, we can identify the substance.
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Question 1: (answer in place of item 13)
2C2H3AgO2 + K2CrO4 = C2H3KO2 + __________
Silver Acetate combines with Potassium Chromate to produce Potassium Acetate and a final product. Knowing that the equation must balance - what is that final product?
Question 2:(answer in place of item 14)
When chlorine gas is bubbled through a solution of sodium bromide, a reaction occurs which produces salt (sodium chloride) and bromine gas.
Determine what is being oxidized and what is being reduced.
Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents.
Cl2(g) + 2NaBr(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + Br2(l)
Question 3:(answer in place of item 15)
The battery below is allowed to operate for 8 hours. At the end of this time the zinc strip is visibly corroded and much smaller while the copper strip is shiny and thicker.
Which way (left-right or right-left) are electrons flowing.
Is the zinc being reduced or oxidized? How do you know?
1) The reaction is as :
2C₂H₃AgO₂ + K₂CrO₄ ------> 2C₂H₃KO₂ + Ag₂CrO₄
2) chlorine is reduced. bromine is oxidizes.
1) In the question is given that : silver acetate combines with potassium chromate to produce potassium acetate and the final product is silver chromate. the reaction is given as :
2C₂H₃AgO₂ + K₂CrO₄ ------> 2C₂H₃KO₂ + Ag₂CrO₄
2) When chlorine gas is bubbled through a solution of sodium bromide, a reaction occurs which produces salt (sodium chloride) and bromine gas.
Cl₂ + 2NaBr -----> 2NaCl + Br₂
The chlorine oxidation state changes to 0 to -1 . so chlorine is reduced.
The oxidation state of brome is changes from -1 to . so bromine is oxidizes.
Thus, 1) The reaction is as :
2C₂H₃AgO₂ + K₂CrO₄ ------> 2C₂H₃KO₂ + Ag₂CrO₄
2) chlorine is reduced. bromine is oxidizes.
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Is a Covalent bond stronger than an Ionic Bond?
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
because of the close sharing of pairs of electrons
Because of the close sharing of pairs of electrons (one electron from each of two atoms), covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.
Explanation:Ionic bonds are formed by the complete transfer of electrons and covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons. The force between ionic bonds is electrostatic force, while that in covalent bonds is Van der Waals force. Generally, ionic bonds are much stronger than covalent bonds. In ionic bonds, there is a complete transfer of electrons between elements to form a stable compound. While in a covalent bond, there is only sharing of electrons between two elements to form a stable compound. The force that keeps the ions together is the electrostatic force and the force that keeps the elements together bonded with covalent bonds is the Van Der Waals force. As there is a complete transfer of electrons in ionic bonds, cations and anions are formed. Thus there exists a huge electrostatic force of attraction between these ions.
How many moles
moles are in 1850 grams of sucrose?
Answer:
grams Sucrose = 0.0029214440066693 mole using the molecular weight calculator and the molar mass of C12H22O11.
Answer: 5.41 moles
N=m/M
= 1850/12*12+22*1+16*11
N= 5.41 moles
the half-life of the reaction in trial 4 is less than the half-life in trial 1. explain why, in terms of activation energy.
Trial 4's half-life of the reaction is shorter than Trial 1's half-life. Because the activation energy and half life are both precisely related. In comparison to trail 4, trail 1 activation energy is higher.
A reaction's t1/2, or half-life, It occurs when the concentration of a reactant is halved from its starting concentration. T1/2 is used to represent it.
Activation energy is the required amount of energy to start the reaction. Kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) is the unit used to measure the activation energy (Ea) of a reaction. Activation energy is the force that causes an object to begin acting in a certain way or to start a specific process.
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how much current is needed to plate 5g of Copper metal on a cathode from a copper sulfate, CuSO4 solution in 2 hours?
33× 10⁻⁷ A current is needed to plate 5g of Copper metal on a cathode.
Explain faraday's law of electrolysis.It states that during electrolysis, the amount of chemical reactions occurring at the electrodes under the influence of electrical energy is proportional to the amount of electricity conducted through the electrolyte.
n = zFQ
Where, n = moles of copper metal
n = 5/63.54
n = 0.078 moles
z = Number of electrons in the half-cell reaction
Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ ⇔ Cu
z = 2
F = Faraday constant (96,485 A/mol)
Now, substitute the values in the equation mentioned above:
0.078 = 2 × 96,485 × Q
Q = 4.04 × 10⁻⁷ C
Since Q = I × t
Where, Q = charge
I = Current
t = Time (2 hours or 120 min.)
4.04 × 10⁻⁷ C = I × 120
I = 4.04 × 10⁻⁷/120
I = 33× 10⁻⁷ A
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