Answer:
Order processing= $930 per order
Explanation:
First, we need to calculate the estimated costs for order processing:
Order processing cost= (380,000*0.3) + (150,000*0.45) + (170,000*0.3)
Order processing cost=$232,500
Now, we can calculate the activity rate:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base
Order processing= 232,500 / 250
Order processing= $930 per order
What is the price today (in dollars and cents) of a 20-year zero coupon bond if the required rate of return is 6.95%. The bond face value is $1000. $ Place your answer in dollars and cents. You should set your calculator for at least four decimal places of accuracy. I'll remind you of this from time to time but this is a working rule throughout the semester. Do not include a dollar sign or comma in your answer. This is another rule that I'll remind you of but should be a working rule throughout the semester.
Answer:
Bond Price - Zero Coupon Bond = 260.8460 rounded off to 260.85
Explanation:
A zero coupon bond is a kind of bond which pays no periodic interest of coupon payments. Instead it is offered at a discount and it pays the par/face value at maturity. The difference between the par/face value and the issue price is the interest rate which is embedded in price of the bond. Thus, the formula to calculate the price of a zero coupon bond is as follows,
Bond Price - Zero Coupon Bond = Face Value / (1+r)^n
Where,
r is the required rate of returnn is the number of periods till maturityBond Price - Zero Coupon Bond = 1000 / (1+0.0695)^20
Bond Price - Zero Coupon Bond = 260.8460 rounded off to 260.85
Select the answer that makes each statement correct. When the government changes either its spending or tax policy to pursue economic objectives, it has changed its financial policy. political policy. monetary policy. contractionary policy. expansionary policy. fiscal policy. Changing the amount of money in circulation to pursue economic objectives changes the
Answer:
fiscal policy
monetary policy
Explanation:
Monetary policy are policies taken by the central bank of a country to shift aggregate demand.
There are two types of monetary policy :
Expansionary monetary policy : these are polices taken in order to increase money supply. When money supply increases, aggregate demand increases. reducing interest rate and open market purchase are ways of carrying out expansionary monetary policy
Contractionary monetary policy : these are policies taken to reduce money supply. When money supply decreases, aggregate demand falls. Increasing interest rate and open market sales are ways of carrying out contractionary monetary policy
Fiscal policies are deliberate steps taken by the government to stimulate the economy in order to cause the economy to move to full employment and price stability more quickly than it might otherwise. The tools of fiscal policy are either taxes and government spending
Fiscal policies can either be expansionary or contractionary
Expansionary fiscal policy is when the government increases the money supply in the economy either by increasing spending or cutting taxes.
Contractionary fiscal policy is when the government reduces the money supply in the economy either by reducing spending or increasing taxes.
The cash flow data for GM is below Cash dividend..............................................$ 94,000 New PPE........................................................$ 61,000 Interest paid on debt.................................$ 39,000 Sales of old equipment.............................$ 86,000 Repurchase of stock..................................$ 83,000 Cash payments to suppliers...................$ 109,000 Cash collections from customers.........$ 440,000 A) Find the net cash provided by or used in investing activities.
Answer:
the net cash provided by investing activities is $25,000
Explanation:
The computation of the net cash provided by or used in investing activities is shown below
= Sale of old equipment - New PPE
= $86,000 - $61,000
= $25,000
Hence, the net cash provided by investing activities is $25,000
Use the information:
Boxwood Company sells blankets for $60 each. The following was taken from the inventory records during May. The company had no beginning inventory on May 1.
Date Blankets Units Cost
May 3 Purchase 5 $20
10 Sale 3
17 Purchase 10 24
20 Sale 6
23 Sale 3
30 Purchase 10 30
1. Assuming that the company uses the perpetual inventory system sold for the sale of May 20 using the LIFO inventory cost method.
a. $136.
b. $144.
c. $180.
d. $120.
2. Assuming that the company uses the perpetual inventory system, determine the cost of merchandise sold for the sale of May 20 using the FIFO inventory cost method. a. $120 b. $180 $136 d. $144 72.
3. Assuming that the company uses the perpetual inventory system, determine the ending inventory value for the month of May using the FIFO inventory cost method.
a. $364.
b. $372.
c. $324.
d. $320.
4. Assuming that the company uses the perpetual inventory system, determine the gross profit for the sale of May 23 using the FIFO inventory cost method.
a. $108.
b. $120.
c. $72.
d. $180.
5. Assuming that the company uses the perpetual inventory system, determine the ending inventory for the month of May using the LIFO inventory cost method.
a. $324.
b. $372.
c. $320.
d. $364.
Answer:
1. Option B
2. Option C
3. Option B
4. Option A
5. Option D
I've done this work before so I remember the answers.
Sorry about that other user taking your points, I hope this helps you though :)
On January 1, 2017 Preibus acquired 100 % of Spicer. This acquisition was not a bargain purchase. On the date of acquisition, Spicer's Equipment had a net book value of 1,600,000 and a fair value of 1,723,000. Preibus determined that Spicer's equipment had a remaining life of 5 years at the date of acquisition. What is the consolidation adjustment (in addition to adding the two trial balance amounts together) that must be made to the Equipment account when preparing consolidated statements for Preibus as of 12/31/2017
Answer:
Dr Investment in Spicer $123,000
Cr Equipment $123,000
Dr Equipment $24,600
Cr Depreciation expense $24,600
Explanation:
Preparation of the consolidation adjustment that must be made to the Equipment account when preparing consolidated statements for Preibus as of 12/31/2017
Dr Investment in Spicer $123,000
Cr Equipment $123,000
(1,600,000-1,723,000)
(To record the equipment at their fair value)
Dr Equipment $24,600
Cr Depreciation expense $24,600
($123,000/5 years)
(To record excess Depreciation charged on overvalued Equipment)
Which of the following costs is most likely NOT included in a bill from the university for a college student living on campus?
Select the best answer from the choices provided.
OA. tuition
OB.
cell phone
Ос.
fees
OD. housing
Answer:
B. cell phone
Explanation:
Out of all the following costs, the most likely not to be included in a bill from the university for a college student living on campus is "Cell Phone."
This is because except a student is on full scholarship, Tuition is a must cost to be included in the bill.
Also, student fees that cover extra costs like insurance, and health care are usually included in student bills.
Similarly, the housing cost covers a hostel or off-campus accommodation for students. Hence it is also included in the student bill.
Hence, the correct answer is the cost of a "Cell phone." Which doesn't concern the school whether a student has or not.
You run a hospital with 100 rooms. Fixed daily cost is $2000 which includes staff salary, property charges, maintenance etc. Variable cost per room is $10 which includes cleaning, equipment rentals, utility cost etc. which is incurred only when the room is full. You charge $50 per room per day. You sold 30 rooms today, how much profit/loss did you earn.
Answer:
lost $800
profit per room is 50-10= 40 per full room. 30 rooms at 40 each is $1200. fixed cost is $2000, $800 more than the days revenue
4.7 Discuss the role that computers play in modern society.
Answer:
Computer roles in education in modern society
Storage of information.
Quick data processing.
Audio-visual aids in teaching.
Better presentation of information.
Access to the Internet.
Quick communication between students, teachers and parents.
Explanation:
Computers make people's lives easier and more comfortable:
they provide opportunities for staying in touch to billions of people who are in different parts of the world.
People can drive computerized cars and work for employers from other countries without even seeing them.
If you want to give a vendor an incentive to complete work early which type of contract would you use?
Answer:
A fixed price incentive is a type of price that is set based on a reward that will be given only in the case the good or service traded results to be better than expected.Explanation:
ILYdefine bond economics.
It is better to ___ than to ___.
A. pay with a credit card; use cash
B. pay down a credit card; save the money
C. save the money, pay off a credit card
D. use cash; save the money
Answer:
It is better to pay down a cred card than to save the money.
Or B
Explanation: I just took the quiz.
It is better to "save the money, pay off a credit card" than to "use cash". The correct option is C.
Why is it important to save money early?The first step toward financial independence is saving money. The sooner children and teenagers begin saving, the more probable it is that it will become a habit. Children and teenagers can benefit from compound interest by saving frequently and early. Finding ways to generate additional money might help kids and teenagers increase their savings.
This is because paying off a credit card debt can help reduce overall debt and save money in the long term by avoiding high-interest charges. On the other hand, using cash may provide a sense of security and control over spending, but it does not necessarily address existing debt or help build credit history.
Thus, the ideal selection is option C.
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Walt occasionally borrows the car of his friend, Jesse. Jesse has a PAP with liability limits of 250/500/100. Walt also has a PAP, and his liability limits are also 250/500/100. Walt had an accident while using Jesse's car and was found to be legally liable for $350,000 in bodily injury costs sustained by one person. How much will be paid by Walt's policy
Answer: $250,000
Explanation:
Liability limits go as follows:
The first number is the maximum amount payable for the bodily injury suffered by one person. The second is the maximum amount payable per accident. The third number is the maximum payable for property damage.These numbers are in thousands.
As Walt was the one driving, his insurance will kick in first and his policy will pay the maximum that it can pay for bodily injury costs to one person.
That amount as shown is the first number in his limits which is $250,000.
Harrison Forklift's pension expense includes a service cost of $26 million. Harrison began the year with a pension liability of $46 million (underfunded pension plan).
1. Interest cost, $7; expected return on assets, $20; amortization of net loss, $6.
2. Interest cost, $22; expected return on assets, $16; amortization of net gain, $6.
3. Interest cost, $22; expected return on assets, $16; amortization of net loss, $6; amortization of prior service cost, $7 million.
Required:
Prepare the appropriate general journal entries to record Harrison's pension expense in each of the above independent situations regarding the other components of pension expense ($ in millions).
Answer:
1. ($ in millions)
Dr Pension expense $19
Dr Plan assets (expected return on assets) $20
Cr PBO$33
Cr Net loss—AOCI(current amortization) $6
2. ($ in millions)
Dr Pension expense $26
Dr Plan assets (expected return on assets) $16
Dr Net gain—AOCI(current amortization) $6
Cr PBO $48
3. ($ in millions)
Dr Pension expense $45
Dr Plan assets (expected return on assets) $16
Cr PBO $48
Cr Net loss—AOCI(current amortization) $6
Cr Prior service cost (current Amortization) $7
Explanation:
Preparation of the appropriate general journal entries to record Harrison's pension expense
1. ($ in millions)
Dr Pension expense $19
($33+$6-$20)
Dr Plan assets (expected return on assets) $20
Cr PBO($26 service cost + $7 interest cost) $33
Cr Net loss—AOCI(current amortization) $6
2. ($ in millions)
Dr Pension expense $26
($48-$16-$6)
Dr Plan assets (expected return on assets) $16
Dr Net gain—AOCI(current amortization) $6
Cr PBO($26 service cost + $22 interest cost) $48
3. ($ in millions)
Dr Pension expense $45
($48+$6+$7-$16)
Dr Plan assets (expected return on assets) $16
Cr PBO($26 service cost + $22 interest cost) $48
Cr Net loss—AOCI(current amortization) $6
Cr Prior service cost (current Amortization) $7
Karma Company has prepared its operating budget for the first quarter of 20x9. The company forecasts sales of $50,000 in February, $60,000 in March, and $70,000 in April. Variable and fixed expenses are as follows: Variable: Utilities (electricity): 40 % of sales Misc. expenses: 5 % of sales Fixed: Salary expense $ 8,000 per month Rent expense $ 5,000 per month Depreciation expense $ 1,200 per month Utilities expense (fixed part) $ 800 per month Misc. Expense (fixed part) $ 1,000 per month What are the total selling and administrative expenses for the month of February
Answer:
The correct solution is "38,500".
Explanation:
The given values are:
Sales in February,
= $50,000
Sales in March,
= $60,000
Sales in April,
= $70,000
Now,
The total selling and administrative expenses for the month of February will be:
= [tex]Variable \ costs + Fixed \ cos ts[/tex]
On substituting the values, we get
= [tex]50,000\times (40 \ percent+5 \ percent) + (8,00 0+5,000+1,200+800+1,000)[/tex]
= [tex]20000+2500+8000+5000+1200+800+1000[/tex]
= [tex]38,500[/tex]
Selling, general and administrative costs are the costs incurred by a firm to market, sell and deliver its products and services, as well as run day-to-day operations.
The correct solution is "38,500".
Given Information:-
Sales in February= $50,000
Sales in March= $60,000
Sales in April = $70,000
The total selling and administrative expenses for the month of February will be:
=Variable Costs + Fixed Costs
=50,000*(40%+ 5%)+(8,000+5,000+1,200+800+1,000)
=20,000+2500+8,000+5,000+1,200+800+1,000
=$38,500
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Janbo Company produces a variety of stationery products. One product, sealing wax sticks, passes through two processes: blending and molding. The weighted average method is used to account for the costs of production. After blending, the resulting product is sent to the molding department, where it is poured into molds and cooled. The following information relates to the blending process for August:A. Work in Process on August 1, had 30,000 pounds, 20% complete. Costs associated with partially completed units were:Materials $220,000Direct labor 30,000Overhead applied 20,000B. Work in Process on August 31, had 50,000 pounds, 40% complete.C. Units completed and transferred out totaled 480,000 pounds. Costs added during the month were (all inputs are added uniformly):Materials $5,800,000Direct labor 4,250,000Overhead applied 1,292,500Required:1A. Prepare a physical flow schedule.1B. Prepare an equivalent unit schedule.2. Calculate the unit cost.3. Compute the cost of EWIP and the cost of goods transferred out.4. Prepare a cost reconciliation.5. Suppose that the materials added uniformly in blending are paraffin and pigment and that the manager of the company wants to know how much each of these materials costs per equivalent unit produced. The costs of the materials in BWIP are as follows:Paraffin $120,000Pigment 100,000The costs of the materials added during the month are also given:Paraffin $3,250,000Pigment 2,550,000Prepare an equivalent unit schedule with cost categories for each material.
Answer:
1a. Janbo Company
Physical Flow Schedule
Units to account for:
Units in beginning work in process 30000
Units started 500000
Total units to account for 530,000
Units accounted for:
Units completed 480,000
From ending work in process 50,000
Total units accounted for 530,000
1b. Janbo Company
Schedule of Equivalent Units
Weighted Average Method
Units completed 480,000 100% 480,000
Units in ending work in process 50,000 40% 20,000
Total equivalent units 500,000
2. Particulars Amount Amount
Beginning work in process:
Materials $220,000
Direct labor $30,000
Overhead applied $20,000 $270,000
Cost added during the month
Materials $5,800,000
Direct labor $4,250,000
Overhead applied $1,292,500 $11,342,500
Total cost $11,612,500
Equivalent cost per unit = Total cost/Total equivalent units
Equivalent cost per unit = $11,612,500/500,000
Equivalent cost per unit = $23.225
3. Ending work in process= 20000 * $23.225 = 464500
Goods transferred out = 480000 * $23.225 = 11148000
4. Janbo Company
Cost Reconciliation
Costs to account for:
Beginning WIP 270000
August costs 11342500
Total to account for 11,612,500
Costs accounted for:
Transferred out 11,148,000
Ending WIP 464,500
Total costs accounted for 11,612,500
Solomon has a balance of $4,000 on his credit card account, which has a minimum payment requirement of 4 percent. What is the minimum payment on his account?
Answer:
$1,000
Explanation:
Answer:
160$
Explanation:
One of the four major time value of money terms; the amount to which an individual cash flow or series of cash payments or receipts will grow over a period of time when earning interest at a given rate of interest.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
true
Explanation:
what is businesss?explain with examples
Answer:
Explanation:
a person's regular occupation, profession, or trade which he/she is doing regularly in his/her daily life.
why does a businesss cycle diagram serve as a forecasting model?
A company purchased a 3-acre tract of land for a building site for $440,000. The company demolished the old building at a cost of $21,000, but was able to sell scrap from the building for $2,400. The cost of title transfer was $1,350 and attorney fees for reviewing the contract was $680. Property taxes paid were $7,500, of which $700 covered the period after the purchase date. The capitalized cost of the land is:
Answer:
$467,430
Explanation:
Calculation for The capitalized cost of the land is:
Purchase price $440,000
Demolition costs $21,000
Scrap sold ($2,400)
Title insurance $1,350
Legal fees $680
Property taxes ($7,500 – $700) $6,800
Total cost of land $467,430
Therefore The capitalized cost of the land is:$467,430
Sheffield Corp. includes one coupon in each bag of dog food it sells. In return for eight coupons, customers receive a leash. The leashes cost Sheffield $4 each. Sheffield estimates that 45 percent of the coupons will be redeemed. Data for 2020 and 2021 are as follows:______.
2020 2021
Bags of dog food sold 480000 620000
Leashes purchased 19000 24000
Coupons redeemed 110000 130000
The premium liability at December 31, 2015 is?
Answer: $108875
Explanation:
First, we calculate the Premium liability at December 31, 2020 which will be:
= (480,000 × 45%) - $110,000/8 × 4
= (216000 - 110000)/8 × 4.
= $53000.
Premium liability at December 31, 2021 will be:
= 53000 + [(620000 × 45%) - $130,000]/8 × 3
= 53000 + 55875
= $108875
The total sales of a product, by all competitors in the industry, is:____.a. highest in the introduction stage.b. lowest in the market maturity stage.c. highest in the sales decline stage.d. lowest in the market growth stage.e. lowest in the market introduction stage.
Answer:
The total sales of a product, by all competitors in the industry, is:____
e. lowest in the market introduction stage.
Explanation:
The product life cycle refers to the time period when a product is first introduced to a market until it exits the market. There are four main stages in a product life cycle. They include introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. It is during the introduction phase that the total sales are lowest. The low sales are witnessed again during the latter stage of decline. The highest sales are achieved during the maturity stage.
define common stock.
An unlevered firm has a cost of capital of 16.7 percent and earnings before interest and taxes of $489,602. A levered firm with the same operations and assets has face value of debt of $650,000 with a coupon rate of 7.5 percent that sells at par. The applicable tax rate is 35 percent. What is the value of the levered firm
Answer:
$2,133,136.53
Explanation:
Calculation for value of the levered firm
First step is to calculate the VU
VU= [$489,602 × (1 - .35)] / .167
VU= $1,905,636.53
Now let calculate the value of the levered firm
VL= $1,905,636.53 + .35($650,000)
VL= $2,133,136.53
Therefore the value of the levered firm is $2,133,136.53
Kirchhoff Industries has a past history of uncollectible accounts, as follows.
Age Class Percent Uncollectible
Not past due 2%
1-30 days past due 4
31-60 days past due 18
61-90 days past due 40
Over 90 days past due 75
Required:
Estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts.
Answer:
The balance of allowance for doubtful accounts is $131,712.
Explanation:
Note: This question is not complete. The complete question is therefore provided before answering the question. See the attached pdf file for the complete question.
The explanation of the answer is now given as follows:
Note: See the attached excel file for the estimated allowance for doubtful accounts.
In the attached excel file, the allowance for doubtful accounts for each Percentage uncollectible is calculated as follows:
Allowance for doubtful accounts = Total receivables * Percentage uncollectible.
Also, the balance of allowance for doubtful accounts is calculated by adding the allowance for doubtful accounts of the Age Classes.
From the attached excel file, the balance of allowance for doubtful accounts is $131,712.
ABC Company sells several products. Information of average revenue and costs is as follows: Selling price per unit $34 Variable costs per unit: Direct material $6 Direct manufacturing labor $2.40 Manufacturing overhead $0.80 Selling costs $3.20 Annual fixed costs $78,000 The company sells 12,000 units at the end of the year. The contribution margin per unit is ________.
Answer:
Contribution margin per unit= $21.6
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Selling price per unit $34
Variable costs per unit:
Direct material $6
Direct manufacturing labor $2.40
Manufacturing overhead $0.80
Selling costs $3.20
The contribution margin is calculated by deducting from the selling price all the variable components:
Contribution margin per unit= selling price - total unitary variable cost
Contribution margin per unit= 34 - 6 - 2.4 - 0.8 - 3.2
Contribution margin per unit= $21.6
Mark Johnson saves a fixed percentage of his salary at the end of each year. This year he saved $3,000. For each of the next 5 years, he expects his salary to increase at an 4% annual rate, and he plans to increase his savings at the same 4% rate. There will be a total of 6 investments, the initial $3,000 plus five more. If the investments earn a return of 9% per year, how much will Mark have at the end of six years?
Answer:
Mark Johnson
At the end of six years, Mark will have:
= $26,945.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Savings for the first year = $3,000
Annual rate of salary and savings increase = 4%
Interest rate = 9%
Savings for Year 2 = $3,120 ($3,000 * 1.04)
Savings for Year 3 = $3,245 ($3,120 * 1.04)
Savings for Year 4 = $3,375 ($3,245 * 1.04)
Savings for Year 5 = $3,510 ($3,375 * 1.04)
Savings for Year 6 = $3,650 ($3,510 * 1.04)
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Savings $3,000 $3,120 $3,245 $3,375 $3,510 $3,650
FV factor 1.677 1.539 1.412 1.295 1.188 1.090
FV = $5,031 $4,802 $4,592 $4,371 $4,170 $3,979
Total FV = $26,945
Total principal contribution = $19,900
Total interest = $7,045
XYZ company sells wooden carvings for $300 each. The direct materials cost per unit is $160 and the direct labor per unit is 2 hours at a rate of $26 per hour. Manufacturing overhead (all fixed costs) is applied based on labor hours at a rate of $36 per hour. XYZ makes and sells 1,000 units per period. How many units must XYZ sell to breakeven
Answer:
818 units
Explanation:
Unit Contribution margin
= 300 - 160 - (2 × $26)
= $88
Fixed cost period
= (2 × $36) × 1,000 units
= $72,000
Break even = Fixed cost / Contribution margin
Break even = $72,000 / $88
Break even = 818 units
Therefore, XYZ company must sell 818 units to break even.
Your firm designs PowerPoint slides for computer training classes, and you have just received a request to bid on a contract to produce the slides for an eight-session class. From previous experience, you know that your firm follows an 85 percent learning rate. For this contract, it appears the effort will be substantial, running 50 hours for the first session. Your firm bills at the rate of $100/hour and the overhead is expected to run a fixed $600 per session. The finder will pay you a flat fixed rate per session. If your nominal profit margin is 20 percent, what will be the total bid price, the per session price, and at what session will you break even
Answer:
Answer is explained in the explanation section below.
Explanation:
To figure out the total bidding price, we must first figure out the total cost of all eight sessions.
To calculate the total expense, we must first determine the total number of hours required for each of the eight sessions.
Now that we know the learning rate is 85% and the first session took 50 hours, we can look up the coefficient of 8 under 85% in the learning curve table E3 and calculate it by the time spent on the first session. The average time taken for 8 sessions with an 85 percent learning curve would be the result.
Total time taken for 8 sessions = 50 x 5.936 (coefficient of 8 under 85% learning rate) = 296.8 = 297 hrs
Fixed cost = 600 x 8 = $4800
Variable cost = 100 x 297 = $29700
Total Cost = 29700 + 4800 = $34500
Total bid price = 34500 x 1.2 = $41400 (adding 20% profit margin on cost)
Price per session = 41400 / 8 = $5175
Break Even Session = 34500 / 5175
Break Even Session = 6.67
Hence, the total cost will be covered by the 7th session.
The conclusion details as below :
To know about the total bidding prices firstly we should know about the total cost of all the session.
We should know the number of hours provided to each Session .
As we all know the learning rates is 85% and the first beginning session took 50hrs, we can look up the coefficient of 8 under 85% in the learning curve table E3 and calculate it by the time spent on the first session
Total time taken for 8 sessions = 50 x 5.936 (coefficient of 8 under 85% learning rate) = 296.8 = 297 hrs
Fixed cost = 600 x 8 = $4800
Variable cost = 100 x 297 = $29700
Total Cost = 29700 + 4800 = $34500
Total bid price = 34500 x 1.2 = $41400 (adding 20% profit margin on cost)
Price per session = 41400 / 8 = $5175
Break Even Session = 34500 / 5175
Break Even Session = 6.67
So as per the above calculation , the cost will be covered by
the 7th Session.
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This year Lloyd, a single taxpayer, estimates that his tax liability will be $11,350. Last year, his total tax liability was $15,900. He estimates that his tax withholding from his employer will be $8,655. Problem 8-77 Part-a (Algo) a. How much does Lloyd need to increase his withholding by (for the year), in order to avoid the underpayment penalty
Answer:
Lloyd needs to increase his witholding tax to $1,560 this year in order to avoid the underpayment penalty .
Explanation:
As a rule, a citizen can maintain a strategic distance from an underpayment of punishment if their retention and evaluated assessment installment measure up to or surpass one of the two safe harbours
90% of current expense risk = 90% × $11,350
= $10,215
100% of past assessment risk = $15,900
Since his(Lloyd) retention is not equal to or exceed $10,215 or $15,900
Llyod should expand retaining or make payment this year in order to stay away from underpayment punishment
= $10,215 - $8,655
= $1,560