Let y1, y2, y3 be iid beta(2, 1) random variables, the probability of 0.4 < y(2) < 0.6 is 0.32.
To find the probability of 0.4 < y(2) < 0.6, we first need to find the distribution of y(2). Since y1, y2, and y3 are independent and identically distributed beta(2,1) random variables, the distribution of y(2) is also beta(2,1). We can use this fact to find the probability we are looking for:
P[0.4 < y(2) < 0.6] = P[y(2) < 0.6] - P[y(2) < 0.4]
= F(0.6) - F(0.4)
where F is the cumulative distribution function of the beta(2,1) distribution.
Using a calculator or software, we can find that F(0.6) = 0.84 and F(0.4) = 0.52. Substituting these values, we get:
P[0.4 < y(2) < 0.6] = 0.84 - 0.52
= 0.32
Therefore, the probability of 0.4 < y(2) < 0.6 is 0.32.
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Por alquilar una moto, una empresa nos cobra $10 de seguro, más un adicional de $3 por cada 5km recorridos. Hallé la regla de correspondencia
The rental company charges $10 for insurance and an additional $3 for every 5 kilometers traveled.
The rule of correspondence for the cost of renting a motorcycle from this company can be described as follows: The base cost is $10 for insurance. In addition to that, there is an additional charge of $3 for every 5 kilometers traveled. This means that for every 5 kilometers, an extra $3 is added to the total cost.
To calculate the total cost of renting the motorcycle, you would need to determine the number of kilometers you plan to travel. Then, divide that number by 5 to determine how many increments of $3 will be added. Finally, add the $10 insurance fee to the calculated amount to get the total cost.
For example, if you plan to travel 15 kilometers, you would have three increments of $3 since 15 divided by 5 is 3. So, the additional charge for distance would be $9. Adding the base insurance cost of $10, the total cost would be $19.
In summary, the cost of renting a motorcycle from this company includes a base insurance fee of $10, and an additional charge of $3 for every 5 kilometers traveled. By calculating the number of increments of $3 based on the distance, you can determine the total cost of the rental.
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A simple random sample of size n=36 is obtained from a population that is skewed right with µ=87 and σ=24. (a) describe the sampling distribution of x.
From central limit theorem, in a sample
a) the sampling distribution of x is normal distribution.
b) The value of P(x>91.3) is equals to the 0.093418.
From the central limit theorem, when the samples of a population are considered then these generate a normal distribution of their own. The sample size must be equal to or higher than 30 in order for the central limit theorem to be true. We have a simple random sample obtained from population with the Sample size, n = 36
Population is skewed right with population mean, µ= 87
Standard deviations, σ = 24
We have to determine the sampling distribution of x.
a) As we see sample size, n = 36 > 30, so the sampling distribution is normal distribution.
b) Using the test statistic value for normal distribution, [tex]z= \frac{ x - \mu }{\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}} [/tex]. Here, x = 91.3, µ= 87, σ = 24, n = 36. Now, the probability value is, P(x>91.3)
= [tex]P( \frac{ x - \mu }{\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}} < \frac{ 91.3 - 87 }{\frac{24}{\sqrt{36}}}) [/tex]
= [tex]P(z < \frac{ 4.3}{\frac{24}{6}} )[/tex]
= [tex]P(z < \frac{ 4.3}{4} )[/tex]
= [tex]P(z < 1.32)[/tex]
Using the p-value calculator, the value P(z < 1.32) is equals to the 0.093418. So, P( x < 91.3 ) = 0.093418. Hence, required value is 0.093418.
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Complete question:
A simple random sample of size n=36 is obtained from a population that is skewed right with µ=87 and σ=24.
(a) describe the sampling distribution of x.
b) What is P(x>91.3)?
Let X be normal with mean 3.6 and variance 0.01. Find C such that P(X<=c)=5%, P(X>c)=10%, P(-c
Answer: We can solve this problem using the standard normal distribution and standardizing the variable X.
Let Z be a standard normal variable, which is obtained by standardizing X as:
Z = (X - μ) / σ
where μ is the mean of X and σ is the standard deviation of X.
In this case, X is normal with mean μ = 3.6 and variance σ^2 = 0.01, so its standard deviation is σ = 0.1.
Then, we have:
Z = (X - 3.6) / 0.1
To find C such that P(X <= c) = 5%, we need to find the value of Z for which the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the standard normal distribution equals 0.05. Using a standard normal table or calculator, we find that:
P(Z <= -1.645) = 0.05
Therefore:
(X - 3.6) / 0.1 = -1.645
X = -0.1645 * 0.1 + 3.6 = 3.58355
So C is approximately 3.5836.
To find C such that P(X > c) = 10%, we need to find the value of Z for which the CDF of the standard normal distribution equals 0.9. Using the same table or calculator, we find that:
P(Z > 1.28) = 0.1
Therefore:
(X - 3.6) / 0.1 = 1.28
X = 1.28 * 0.1 + 3.6 = 3.728
So C is approximately 3.728.
To find C such that P(-c < X < c) = 95%, we need to find the values of Z for which the CDF of the standard normal distribution equals 0.025 and 0.975, respectively. Using the same table or calculator, we find that:
P(Z < -1.96) = 0.025 and P(Z < 1.96) = 0.975
Therefore:
(X - 3.6) / 0.1 = -1.96 and (X - 3.6) / 0.1 = 1.96
Solving for X in each equation, we get:
X = -0.196 * 0.1 + 3.6 = 3.5804 and X = 1.96 * 0.1 + 3.6 = 3.836
So the interval (-c, c) is approximately (-0.216, 3.836).
Answer:
This is not possible, since probabilities cannot be negative. Therefore, there is no value of e that satisfies the given condition
Step-by-step explanation:
We can use the standard normal distribution to solve this problem by standardizing X to Z as follows:
Z = (X - μ) / σ = (X - 3.6) / 0.1
Then, we can use the standard normal distribution table or calculator to find the values of Z that correspond to the given probabilities.
P(X <= c) = P(Z <= (c - 3.6) / 0.1) = 0.05
Using a standard normal distribution table or calculator, we can find that the Z-score corresponding to the 5th percentile is -1.645. Therefore, we have:
(c - 3.6) / 0.1 = -1.645
Solving for c, we get:
c = 3.6 - 1.645 * 0.1 = 3.4355
So, the value of c such that P(X <= c) = 5% is approximately 3.4355.
Similarly, we can find the value of d such that P(X > d) = 10%. This is equivalent to finding the value of c such that P(X <= c) = 90%. Using the same approach as above, we have:
(d - 3.6) / 0.1 = 1.28 (the Z-score corresponding to the 90th percentile)
Solving for d, we get:
d = 3.6 + 1.28 * 0.1 = 3.728
So, the value of d such that P(X > d) = 10% is approximately 3.728.
Finally, we can find the value of e such that P(-e < X < e) = 90%. This is equivalent to finding the values of c and d such that P(X <= c) - P(X <= d) = 0.9. Using the values we found above, we have:
P(X <= c) - P(X <= d) = 0.05 - 0.1 = -0.05
This is not possible, since probabilities cannot be negative. Therefore, there is no value of e that satisfies the given condition
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find the taylor polynomial 2() for the function ()=63 at =0.
The second-degree Taylor polynomial for the function ()=63 at =0 is simply 63.
To find the Taylor polynomial 2() for the function ()=63 at =0, we need to use the formula for the nth-degree Taylor polynomial:
2() = f(0) + f'(0)() + (1/2!)f''(0)()^2 + (1/3!)f'''(0)()^3 + ... + (1/n!)f^(n)(0)()^n
Since we are only interested in the second-degree Taylor polynomial, we need to calculate f(0), f'(0), and f''(0):
f(0) = 63
f'(x) = 0 (the derivative of a constant function is always 0)
f''(x) = 0 (the second derivative of a constant function is always 0)
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
2() = 63 + 0() + (1/2!)0()^2
2() = 63
Therefore, the second-degree Taylor polynomial for the function ()=63 at =0 is simply 63.
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How can the product of 5 and 0. 3 be determined using this number line?
Number line from 0 to 2. 0 with tick marks at every tenth. An arrow goes from 0 to 0. 3.
Enter your answers in the boxes.
Make
jumps that are each unit long. You end at, which is the product of 5 and 0. 3
Given that we need to determine how the product of 5 and 0.3 can be determined using a given number line.From the given number line, we can observe that 0.3 is located at 3 tenths on the number line, we know that 5 is a whole number.
Therefore, the product of 5 and 0.3 can be determined by multiplying 5 by the distance between 0 and 0.3 on the number line. Each tick mark on the number line represents 0.1 units. So, the distance between 0 and 0.3 is 3 tenths or 0.3 units.
Therefore, the product of 5 and 0.3 is:5 × 0.3 = 1.5.The endpoint of the arrow that starts from 0 and ends at 0.3 indicates the value 0.3 on the number line. Therefore, the endpoint of an arrow that starts from 0 and ends at the product of 5 and 0.3, which is 1.5, can be obtained by making five jumps that are each unit long. This endpoint is represented by the tick mark that is 1.5 units away from 0 on the number line.
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let f(x,y) = exy sin(y) for all (x,y) in r2. verify that the conclusion of clairaut’s theorem holds for f at the point (0,π/2).
To verify that the conclusion of Clairaut's theorem holds for f at the point (0,π/2), we need to check that the partial derivatives of f with respect to x and y are continuous at (0,π/2) and that they are equal at this point. Since e^(π/2) is not equal to π/2, the conclusion of Clairaut's theorem does not hold for f at the point (0,π/2).
First, let's find the partial derivative of f with respect to x:
∂f/∂x = yexy sin(y)
Now, let's find the partial derivative of f with respect to y:
∂f/∂y = exy cos(y) + exy sin(y)
At the point (0,π/2), we have:
∂f/∂x = π/2
∂f/∂y = e^(π/2)
Both partial derivatives exist and are continuous at (0,π/2).
To check that they are equal at this point, we can simply plug in the values:
∂f/∂y evaluated at (0,π/2) = e^(π/2)
∂f/∂x evaluated at (0,π/2) = π/2
Since e^(π/2) is not equal to π/2, the conclusion of Clairaut's theorem does not hold for f at the point (0,π/2).
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Which function defines?
Answer:
j
Step-by-step explanation:
use the iteration method in equation (14) to sojve the leontief systems in exercise 7
We can then use the following iterative formula to solve the system
x^(k+1) = (I - A)x^(k) + b
To use the iteration method in equation (14) to solve the Leontief system in exercise 7, we first need to rewrite the system in matrix form as:
A = [0.8 0.1; 0.2 0.9]
x = [x1; x2]
b = [200; 300]
where A is the matrix of coefficients, x is the vector of unknowns, and b is the vector of constants.
We can then use the following iterative formula to solve the system:
x^(k+1) = (I - A)x^(k) + b
where x^(k+1) is the new approximation of x, x^(k) is the previous approximation, and I is the identity matrix.
Using x^(0) = [0; 0] as the initial approximation, we can apply the formula iteratively until we obtain a sufficiently accurate solution.
For example, using a calculator or a computer program, we can obtain the following approximations:
x^(1) = [200; 270]
x^(2) = [ [221.76; 257.04]
x^(4) = [223.94; 254.97]
x^(5) = [224.74; 254.14]
We can continue the iteration until we obtain a desired level of accuracy.
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Use The Iteration Method In Equation (14) To Solve The Leontief Systems In Exercise 7 + 100
Admission to a theater cost $5. 50 for a child ticket and $11. 50 for an adult ticket. The theater sold 80 tickets for $734. 0. How many of each type of ticket was sold?
The number of child tickets sold is 56, and the number of adult tickets sold is 24.
Let's assume the number of child tickets sold is represented by 'x', and the number of adult tickets sold is represented by 'y'.
According to the given information, the total number of tickets sold is 80. Therefore, we have the equation:
x + y = 80 ---(1)
The total revenue generated from ticket sales is $734.00. Since each child ticket costs $5.50 and each adult ticket costs $11.50, we can express the total revenue as:
5.50x + 11.50y = 734.00 ---(2)
To solve this system of equations, we can use the substitution method or the elimination method. Let's use the elimination method:
Multiply equation (1) by 5.50 to eliminate 'x':
5.50(x + y) = 5.50(80)
5.50x + 5.50y = 440 ---(3)
Subtract equation (3) from equation (2) to eliminate 'x':
(5.50x + 11.50y) - (5.50x + 5.50y) = 734.00 - 440
6.00y = 294
y = 49
Substitute the value of y back into equation (1) to find x:
x + 49 = 80
x = 80 - 49
x = 31
Therefore, the number of child tickets sold is 31, and the number of adult tickets sold is 49, which adds up to a total of 80 tickets, as stated in the problem.
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7.5-7 given x = cos and y = sin , where is an rv uniformly distributed in the range (0, 2π ), show that x and y are uncorrelated but are not independent.
Therefore, x and y for the indefinite integral are not independent, even though they are uncorrelated.
To show that x and y are uncorrelated, we need to compute their indefinite integraland show that it is zero:
Cov(x, y) = E(xy) - E(x)E(y)
We can compute E(x) and E(y) as follows:
E(x) = E(cos) = ∫(cos*f( )d ) = ∫(cos(1/2π)*d ) = 0
E(y) = E(sin) = ∫(sin*f( )d ) = ∫(sin(1/2π)*d ) = 0
where f( ) is the probability density function of , which is a uniform distribution over the range (0, 2π).
Next, we compute E(xy):
E(xy) = E(cossin) = ∫(cossinf( )d ) = ∫(cossin(1/2π)*d )
Since cos*sin is an odd function, we have:
∫(cossin(1/2π)*d ) = 0
Therefore, Cov(x, y) = E(xy) - E(x)E(y) = 0 - 0*0 = 0.
Hence, x and y are uncorrelated.
To show that x and y are not independent, we need to find P(x, y) and show that it does not factorize into P(x)P(y):
P(x, y) = P(cos, sin) = P( ) = (1/2π)
Since P(x, y) is constant over the entire range of (cos, sin), we can see that P(x, y) does not depend on either x or y, i.e., it does not factorize into P(x)P(y).
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List all the permutations of {a, b,c}.
Here is a list of all the permutations of the set {a, b, c}. A permutation is an arrangement of elements in a specific order. Since there are three elements in this set, there will be a total of 3! (3 factorial) permutations, which is 3 × 2 × 1 = 6 permutations. Here they are:
1. abc
2. acb
3. bac
4. bca
5. cab
6. cba
These are all the possible permutations of the set {a, b, c}.
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In a long series of coffee orders, it is determined that 70% of coffee drinkers use cream, 55% use sugar, and 35% use both.
A Venn Diagram. One circle is labeled C (0.35) and the other is labeled S (0.20). The shared area is labeled 0.35. The area outside of the diagram is labeled 0.10.
Suppose we randomly select a coffee drinker. Let C be the event that the coffee drinker uses cream and S be the event that the coffee drinker uses sugar.
What is the probability that a randomly selected coffee drinker does not use sugar or cream?
What is the probability that a randomly selected coffee drinker uses sugar or cream? ⇒ 0.90
answers:
.10
.90
A) The probability that a randomly selected coffee drinker does not use sugar or cream = 0.10
B) The probability that a randomly selected coffee drinker uses sugar or cream = 0.90
People who uses cream in coffee = 70%
P(C) = 0.7
People who uses sugar in coffee = 55%
P(S) = 0.55
People who uses both in coffee and sugar = 35%
P(C or S ) = 0.35
Probability that a randomly selected coffee drinker does not use sugar or cream = 0.10
Area outside of the diagram mean who doesn't take either sugar or cream in coffee
The probability that a randomly selected coffee drinker uses sugar or cream = P(C) + P(S) - P(C OR S)
= 0.70 + 0.55 - 0.35
= 0.90
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Suppose X and Y are independent and exponentially distributed random variables with parameters λ and μ, respectively.Find the PDF of Z=X+Y and U=X−Y
To find the PDF of Z=X+Y, we can use the convolution of probability density functions. Let fX(x) and fY(y) be the PDFs of X and Y, respectively. Then, the PDF of Z is:
fZ(z) = ∫fX(x)fY(z−x)dx
Since X and Y are exponentially distributed, we have:
fX(x) = λe^−λx for x > 0
fY(y) = μe^−μy for y > 0
Substituting these expressions into the convolution formula, we obtain:
fZ(z) = ∫λe^−λx μe^−μ(z−x) dx
= λμe^−μz ∫e^−(λ−μ)x dx
= λμe^−μz / (λ−μ) [1−e^(−(λ−μ)z)]
Thus, the PDF of Z is:
fZ(z) = { λμe^−μz / (λ−μ) [1−e^(−(λ−μ)z)] } for z > 0
To find the PDF of U=X−Y, we can use the change of variables technique. Let g(u,v) be the joint PDF of U and V=X. Then, we have:
g(u,v) = fX(v)fY(v−u)
Substituting the expressions for fX and fY, we get:
g(u,v) = λμe^−λve^−μ(v−u) for u < v
The PDF of U is obtained by integrating out V:
fU(u) = ∫g(u,v)dv
= ∫_u^∞ λμe^−λve^−μ(v−u) dv
= λμe^−μu ∫_0^∞ e^−(λ+μ)v dv
= λμe^−μu / (λ+μ) for all u
Therefore, the PDF of U is:
fU(u) = { λμe^−μu / (λ+μ) } for all u
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The first three terms of a sequence are given. Round to the nearest thousandth (if necessary). 6, 9,12
To find the pattern in the given sequence, we can observe that each term increases by 3.
Using this pattern, we can determine the next terms of the sequence:
6, 9, 12, 15, 18, ...
So the first three terms are 6, 9, and 12.Starting with the first term, which is 6, we add 3 to get the second term: 6 + 3 = 9.
Similarly, we add 3 to the second term to get the third term: 9 + 3 = 12.
If we continue this pattern, we can find the next terms of the sequence by adding 3 to the previous term:
12 + 3 = 15
15 + 3 = 18
18 + 3 = 21
...
So, the sequence continues with 15, 18, 21, and so on, with each term obtained by adding 3 to the previous term.
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in each of problems 1 through 4, express the given complex number inpolarform r(cosθ isinθ) = reiθ.
For each of the problems, we will start by identifying the values of r and θ from the given complex number in rectangular form (a + bi).
1) (1 + i)
r = sqrt(1^2 + 1^2) = sqrt(2)
θ = tan^-1(1/1) = π/4
Therefore, the polar form of (1 + i) is:
sqrt(2) * (cos(π/4) + i sin(π/4)) = sqrt(2) * e^(iπ/4)
2) (-3 + 3i)
r = sqrt((-3)^2 + 3^2) = 3sqrt(2)
θ = tan^-1(3/-3) = -π/4 or 7π/4
Note that we have two possible values for θ because the point (-3, 3) falls in the second and fourth quadrants. We will use the value 7π/4 because it is the standard angle in the fourth quadrant.
Therefore, the polar form of (-3 + 3i) is:
3sqrt(2) * (cos(7π/4) + i sin(7π/4)) = -3sqrt(2) * e^(i7π/4)
3) (-2 - 2i)
r = sqrt((-2)^2 + (-2)^2) = 2sqrt(2)
θ = tan^-1(-2/-2) = π/4
Therefore, the polar form of (-2 - 2i) is:
2sqrt(2) * (cos(π/4) - i sin(π/4)) = 2sqrt(2) * e^(-iπ/4)
4) (4 - 4i)
r = sqrt(4^2 + (-4)^2) = 4sqrt(2)
θ = tan^-1(-4/4) = -π/4 or 7π/4
Again, we have two possible values for θ. We will use 7π/4 because it is the standard angle in the fourth quadrant.
Therefore, the polar form of (4 - 4i) is:
4sqrt(2) * (cos(7π/4) - i sin(7π/4)) = -4sqrt(2) * e^(i7π/4).
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If f(8) = 14 what is f^-1(14)?
Given that f(8) = 14, it means that the input 8 results in an output of 14. The question asks for the inverse of this function, f^-1(14), which means we need to find the input that results in an output of 14.
To do this, we need to use the fact that f^-1(f(x)) = x for any x in the domain of f(x). In other words, if we apply the inverse function to the output of f(x), we should get back the original input.
So, we can start by finding the inverse function of f(x). If y = f(x), then we have:
y = 2x - 6
x = (y + 6)/2
Therefore, the inverse function of f(x) is f^-1(x) = (x + 6)/2.
Now, we can use this inverse function to find f^-1(14):
f^-1(14) = (14 + 6)/2 = 10
Therefore, the input that results in an output of 14 for the original function f(x) is 10.
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A company sells two different safes. The safes have different dimensions, but the same volume. What is the height of Safe B?
Let Safe A have dimensions x, y, and z and Safe B have dimensions p, q, and r.
Since both the safes have the same volume; therefore,[tex]x * y * z = p * q *[/tex]rWe need to find the height of Safe B.Let's consider the height of Safe A to be h1 and the height of Safe B to be h2.According to the question, the volume of both safes is the same, thereforeh[tex]1 * y * z = h2 * q *[/tex] rDividing both sides by h2;h1 * y * z / h2 = q * r ...(1)Now, according to the question, both safes have different dimensions but the same volume; therefore,x * y * z = p * q * r => x / p = r / ySo, r = y * x / pSubstituting r in equation (1);[tex]h1 * y * z / h2 = q * (y * x / p) => h1 * y * z * p / (h2 * x) = q ... (h1 * y * z * a / h2 = q * x ... (* z * a = h2 * x[/tex]* bLet's assume that z = 1. Therefore, the height of Safe A is h1.Now, Safe A's dimensions are (x, y, 1) and Safe B's dimensions are (a, b, x * b / a).Both safes have the same volume. Therefore,[tex]x * y * 1 = a * b * (x * b / a) => y = b^2[/tex] / aTherefore, the height of Safe B is:[tex]q = h1 * z * a / (x * b) => h1 * a[/tex] / bAns: The height of Safe B is h1 * a / b.
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China has experienced rapid economic growth since the late 1970s as a
result of:
A. Building localized economies rather than participating in global
trade.
B. Microfinance institutions taking control over the manufacturing
industry
O C. A shift in economic power from local governments to the central
government
D. Reforms that allowed more citizens to participate in free markets.
Answer is (D. Reforms that allowed more citizens to participate in free markets. ) (◠‿◠
China has experienced rapid economic growth since the late 1970s as a result of reforms that allowed more citizens to participate in free markets. This is the correct answer.
Central to this, these reforms encouraged people to create new businesses and entrepreneurial opportunities while also promoting foreign investment in China's economy, both of which fueled economic growth. After these reforms, China's economy began to grow rapidly, as the number of private firms and state-owned enterprises increased. The focus shifted to more sophisticated production, including high-tech manufacturing. It resulted in China becoming the world's factory, supplying a wide range of products to the global market. In the late 1970s, China began reforming its economy under Deng Xiaoping's leadership. This helped in improving China's economy.
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Answer:
D
Step-by-step explanation:
Took the quiz and its in the question. :p
Replace variables with values and
evaluate using order of operations:
Q = (RM)/2
(R-M) R = 21
M = 15
Give your answer in simplest form.
The solution to the given problem using order of operations is: 3.
How to use order of operations?The order of operations is a rule that specifies the correct order of steps in evaluating a formula. You can recall the order of PEMDAS.
Parentheses, exponents, multiplication and division (from left to right), addition and subtraction (from left to right).
The expression is given as:
(R - M)/2
Plugging in the values as R = 21 and M = 15 gives:
(21 - 15)/2 = 3
Therefore, the solution to the given problem using order of operations is 3.
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Complete question is:
Replace the variables with values and evaluate using order of operations: (R - M)/2
R = 21
M = 15
On a particular system, all passwords are 8 characters, there are 128 choices for each character, and there is a password file containing the hashes of 210 passwords. Trudy has a dictionary of 230 passwords, and the probability that a randomly selected password is in her dictionary is 1/4. Work is measured in terms of the number of hashes computed. a. Suppose that Trudy wants to recover Alice's password. Using her dictionary, what is the expected work for Trudy to crack Alice's password, assuming the passwords are not salted? b. Repeat part a, assuming the passwords are salted. c. What is the probability that at least one of the passwords in the password file appears in Trudy's dictionary?
a. If the passwords are not salted, then Trudy can precompute the hash values of all the passwords in her dictionary and then compare them with the hashes in the password file. The expected work for Trudy to crack Alice's password using her dictionary is given by:
Expected work = (number of hashes computed) x (probability that Alice's password is in Trudy's dictionary)
= 210 x (1/4)
= 52.5
Therefore, the expected work for Trudy to crack Alice's password using her dictionary, assuming the passwords are not salted, is 52.5 hashes computed.
b. If the passwords are salted, then Trudy cannot precompute the hash values of the passwords in her dictionary, because the salt value is typically different for each user. Therefore, she has to compute the hash values of each password in her dictionary with each possible salt value and compare them with the hashes in the password file.
Suppose that the salt value is 8 bits long. Then there are 2^8 = 256 possible salt values, and the expected work for Trudy to compute the hash values of all the passwords in her dictionary with each salt value is:
Work = (number of passwords in Trudy's dictionary) x (number of salt values) x (number of hash computations per password and salt value)
= 230 x 256 x 1
= 58880
Therefore, the expected work for Trudy to crack Alice's password using her dictionary, assuming the passwords are salted, is 58880 hash computations.
c. Let p be the probability that at least one of the passwords in the password file appears in Trudy's dictionary. Then the complement of p is the probability that none of the passwords in the password file appears in Trudy's dictionary. Since the probability that a randomly selected password is in Trudy's dictionary is 1/4, the probability that a randomly selected password is not in Trudy's dictionary is 3/4. Therefore, the probability that none of the 210 passwords in the file appears in Trudy's dictionary is:
(3/4)^210 ≈ 1.67 x 10^-19
Therefore, the probability that at least one of the passwords in the password file appears in Trudy's dictionary is:
p = 1 - (3/4)^210
≈ 1
This means that it is very likely that at least one of the passwords in the password file appears in Trurdy's dictionary.
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There is a bag of 50 marbles. Andre takes out a marble, records its color, and puts it back in. In 4 trials, he gets a green marble 1 time. Jada takes out a marble, records its color, and puts it back in. In 12 trials, she gets a green marble 5 times. Noah takes out a marble, records its color, and puts it back in. In 9 trials, he gets a green marble 3 times. Estimate the probability of getting a green marble from this bag. Explain your reasoning. A good estimate of the probability of getting a green marble comes from combining Andre, Jada, and Noah's trials. They took a marble out of the bag a total of times and got a green marble ) of those times. So, the probability of getting a green marble appears to be =. Since there are marbles in the bag, it is a reasonable estimate that of the 50 marbles are green, though this is not guaranteed
The probability of getting a green marble is approximately 0.41
The probability of getting a green marble from a bag of 50 marbles can be estimated by combining Andre, Jada, and Noah's trials.
Andre took out a marble once and got a green marble one time. Jada took out a marble 12 times and got a green marble 5 times.
Noah took out a marble 9 times and got a green marble 3 times. The total number of times they took a marble out of the bag is 1 + 12 + 9 = 22 times.
The total number of times they got a green marble is 1 + 5 + 3 = 9 times. The probability of getting a green marble is calculated as the number of green marbles divided by the total number of marbles.
Therefore, the probability of getting a green marble from this bag is 9/22 or approximately 0.41.
Since there are 50 marbles in the bag, it is a reasonable estimate that 0.41 x 50 = 20.5 of the 50 marbles are green, although this is not guaranteed.
Hence, the probability of getting a green marble is approximately 0.41.
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the lake 1 the widths, in feet, of a small lake were measured at 40 foot intervals. estimate the area of the lake.
The lake 1 the widths, in feet, of a small lake were measured at 40 foot intervals. The area of the lake is approximately 50,000 square feet.
Find out the area of the lake, we need to use the width measurements that were taken at 40-foot intervals.
We can assume that the lake is roughly rectangular in shape, with each width measurement representing the width of the lake at that particular point.
To get an estimate of the area, we can calculate the average width of the lake by adding up all the width measurements and dividing by the total number of measurements.
For example, if there were 5 width measurements taken at intervals of 40 feet, we would add up all the measurements and divide by 5 to get the average width.
Let's say the measurements were 100 ft, 120 ft, 90 ft, 110 ft, and 80 ft. We would add these numbers together (100+120+90+110+80 = 500) and divide by 5 to get an average width of 100 feet.
Once we have the average width, we can estimate the length of the lake by using our best judgement based on the shape and size of the lake.
Let's say we estimate the length to be 500 feet. To calculate the area, we would multiply the length by the width:
Area = length x width
Area = 500 ft x 100 ft
Area = 50,000 square feet
So our estimate of the area of the lake is approximately 50,000 square feet.
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The adjusted multiple coefficient of determination is adjusted for: a) the number of equations. b) the number of dependent variables. c) situations where the dependent variable is indeterminate. d) situations where the dependency between the dependent and independent variables contrast each other. e) the number of independent variables.
Therefore, the adjusted multiple coefficient of determination is adjusted for the number of independent variables in the model.
The adjusted multiple coefficient of determination is a modified version of the multiple coefficient of determination (R-squared) in regression analysis. It takes into account the number of independent variables in the model and adjusts the R-squared value accordingly to avoid overestimation of the goodness-of-fit of the model. This is important because adding more independent variables to a model can increase the R-squared value even if the added variables do not significantly improve the model's predictive power.
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A town has only two colors of cars: 85% are blue and 15% are green. A person witnesses a hit-and-run and says they saw a green car. If witnesses identify the color of cars correctly 80% of the time, what are the chances the car is actually green? Is the answer 41%? If so, show the work.
The chances the car is actually green are 41%, which means there is still a significant chance that the car was actually blue.
No, the answer is not 41%. To find the chances the car is actually green, we need to use Bayes' Theorem:
P(G|W) = P(W|G) * P(G) / P(W)
where P(G|W) is the probability of the car being green given that a witness saw a green car, P(W|G) is the probability of a witness correctly identifying a green car (0.8 in this case), P(G) is the prior probability of the car being green (0.15), and P(W) is the overall probability of a witness seeing any car and correctly identifying its color.
To find P(W), we need to consider both the probability of a witness seeing a green car and correctly identifying its color (0.8 * 0.15 = 0.12) and the probability of a witness seeing a blue car and incorrectly identifying it as green (0.2 * 0.85 = 0.17).
So, P(W) = 0.12 + 0.17 = 0.29.
Now we can plug in the values and solve for P(G|W):
P(G|W) = 0.8 * 0.15 / 0.29 = 0.41
Therefore, the chances the car is actually green are 41%, which means there is still a significant chance that the car was actually blue.
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If one pregnant woman is randomly selected, find the probability that her length of pregnancy is less than 260 days.
Probability that a randomly selected pregnant woman has a length of pregnancy less than 260 days is approximately 0.0764 or 7.64%.
The length of pregnancy for a pregnant woman is a continuous random variable. The normal gestation period is between 37 and 42 weeks, which corresponds to 259 and 294 days. Assuming a normal distribution, we can use the mean and standard deviation of the gestation period to find the probability that a randomly selected pregnant woman has a length of pregnancy less than 260 days.
Let's assume that the mean length of pregnancy is μ = 280 days and the standard deviation is σ = 14 days.
We can use the standard normal distribution to find the probability of a value less than 260 days:
z = (260 - μ) / σ = (260 - 280) / 14 = -1.43
Using a standard normal distribution table or calculator, we can find that the probability of a standard normal variable being less than -1.43 is 0.0764.
Therefore, the probability that a randomly selected pregnant woman has a length of pregnancy less than 260 days is approximately 0.0764 or 7.64%.
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Recently, washington state instituted "historic" tuition cutbacks that set it apart from most of the rest of the u.s. use this [source] to find the relative change in tuition for the university of washington from 2015/16 to 2016/17.
what is the relative change in tuition? (give your answer as a percent between 0 and 100, not a decimal between 0 and 1. round to one decimal place and remember the absolute value).
the relative change in tuition tells us the tuition in 2016/17 (decrease/increase) by ____%.
The relative change in tuition for the University of Washington from 2015/16 to 2016/17 is -16.7%. This means that the tuition in 2016/17 decreased by 16.7%.
According to the provided source, Washington state implemented tuition cutbacks, which resulted in a decrease in tuition fees. To calculate the relative change in tuition, we need to determine the percentage change between the initial and final tuition amounts.
The relative change in tuition is given by the formula: (final tuition - initial tuition) / initial tuition * 100%.
From the source, it is stated that the tuition at the University of Washington decreased by $1,088 from 2015/16 to 2016/17. The initial tuition in 2015/16 is not specified in the given information.
Assuming the initial tuition is denoted as "T", we can calculate the relative change as follows:
Relative change = ($1,088 / T) * 100%
Since the percentage change is rounded to one decimal place and we are asked to provide the absolute value, the relative change in tuition is -16.7%. This indicates that the tuition in 2016/17 decreased by 16.7% compared to the initial tuition.
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3. The material Santiago will use to build the
ramp costs $2. 20) per square foot what will the cost of building the ramp be?
We need to know the area of the ramp in order to calculate the total cost of the material. Let's assume the ramp has a length of L feet and a width of W feet. Then the area of the ramp can be calculated as:
Area = Length x Width = L x W
We don't have any specific values for L and W, but let's assume that Santiago wants to build a ramp that is 10 feet long and 3 feet wide. In that case:
Area = 10 feet x 3 feet = 30 square feet
Now we can calculate the cost of building the ramp by multiplying the area by the cost per square foot:
Cost = Area x Cost per square foot = 30 square feet x $2.20/square foot
Cost = $66
Therefore, the cost of building the ramp with a length of 10 feet and a width of 3 feet, using material that costs $2.20 per square foot, would be $66.
Find the net signed area between the curve of the function f(x)=x−1 and the x-axis over the interval [−7,3]. Do not include any units in your answer.
The net signed area between the curve of the function f(x) = x - 1 and the x-axis over the interval [-7, 3] is -41.
To find the net signed area between the curve of the function f(x) = x - 1 and the x-axis over the interval [-7, 3], we need to integrate the function from -7 to 3 and take into account the signed area.
The integral of f(x) = x - 1 over the interval [-7, 3] is given by:
∫[-7, 3] (x - 1) dx
Evaluating this integral, we get:
[tex]∫[-7, 3] (x - 1) dx = [1/2 * x^2 - x] [-7, 3]\\= [(1/2 * 3^2 - 3) - (1/2 * (-7)^2 - (-7))][/tex]
= [(9/2 - 3) - (49/2 + 7)]
= [9/2 - 3 - 49/2 - 7]
= (-27/2) - (55/2)
= -82/2
= -41
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Determine the function f satisfying the given conditions.
f '' (x) = 0
f ' (4) = 5
f (3) = −1
f '(x) = ?
f (x) = ?
The function f(x) satisfying the given conditions is:
f'(x) = 5,
f(x) = 5x - 16.
To find the function f(x) satisfying the given conditions, we need to integrate f''(x) = 0 twice.
Since f''(x) = 0, integrating once gives us f'(x) = c1, where c1 is a constant of integration.
Given that f'(4) = 5, we can substitute this value into the equation:
c1 = 5.
Integrating f'(x) = 5 gives us f(x) = 5x + c2, where c2 is another constant of integration.
Given that f(3) = -1, we can substitute this value into the equation:
5(3) + c2 = -1,
15 + c2 = -1,
c2 = -16.
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consider the function ()=1−9. give the taylor series for () for values of near 0.
The Taylor series for f(x) = 1/(1-9x) near 0 is:
1 + 9x + 81x^2 + 729x^3 + ...
To find the Taylor series for f(x), we can use the formula:
f(x) = f(a) + f'(a)(x-a) + (f''(a)/2!)(x-a)^2 + (f'''(a)/3!)(x-a)^3 + ...
where f'(x) represents the first derivative of f(x), f''(x) represents the second derivative of f(x), and so on.
In this case, f(x) = 1/(1-9x), so we need to find its derivatives:
f'(x) = 9/(1-9x)^2
f''(x) = 162/(1-9x)^3
f'''(x) = 1458/(1-9x)^4
and so on.
Now we can plug in a = 0 and evaluate the derivatives at a:
f(0) = 1
f'(0) = 9
f''(0) = 162
f'''(0) = 1458
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
f(x) = 1 + 9x + 81x^2 + 729x^3 + ...
which is the Taylor series for f(x) near 0.
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