LiAlH₄ (LAH) cannot be used to convert carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes because RCOOH is reduced to RCH₂OH.
An organic molecule with the functional group RCH=O is known as an aldehyde. The functional group itself can be categorized as either a formyl group or an aldehyde.
Only when the correct reaction conditions are present in the reaction do specific organic reagents work as intended. For instance, only in the presence of a certain catalyst like Ni or Pt will hydrogen operate as a hydrogenating agent.
Powerful reducing agent LAH (lithium aluminum hydride) is the provided reagent. In the presence of carboxylic acids, it produces equivalent alcohols rather than aldehydes. The conversion of carboxylic acids to their equivalent aldehydes cannot be accomplished using it.
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The complete question is mentioned below:
LiAlH₄ ( LAH ) cannot be used to convert carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes because:
a) LAH is not sufficiently reactive.
b) RCOOH is converted into RCOOLi.
c) RCOOH is reduced to RCH₂OH
d) RCOOH is reduced to RCH₃
e) RCOOH is converted into R₂C = O
the flavor and odor of fruits comes primarily from the esters they contain. for example, a major component in the flavor of oranges is octyl acetate. draw the organic products formed when octyl acetate reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide. omit any na ions, if applicable. the starting material is a carbonyl bonded to methyl and an oxygen bonded to an 8 carbon chain. this reacts with n a o h and water to form the products.
The organic product formed when octyl acatate reacts with sodium hydroxide is octan-1-ol and sodium acetate.
CH3COOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2(Octyl acetate) + NaOH
------> HOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2(Octan-1-ol) +
CH3COONa
What is ester?
By mixing an oxoacid with a hydroxyl molecule, such as alcohol or phenol, esters are chemical compounds that are created. Esters are used often. The majority of fats and oils that are produced spontaneously are fatty acid esters of glycerol.
Ester examples are fats and oils. The melting point of their esters distinguishes them from one another. The ester is thought of as an oil if its melting point is lower than room temperature.
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the current research presents a detailed study to manufacture novel woven carbon/elium® (wel) thermoplastic composite helmets
Thermoplastics are those types of plastics that could be used several times because they could be melted and recycled.
What are thermoplastics?A plastic is a material that is produced from monomer materials. In effect, plastics are polymers. The monomeric units that compose plastics could be made from natural or synthetic sources. There are two types of plastics;
Thermoplastics
Thermosets
The thermoplastics are those types of plastics that could be used several times because they could be melted and recycled. As such, there is a lot of research into the use of thermoplastics.
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According to the law of multiple proportions, if 12 g of carbon combine with 16 g of oxygen to form co, the number of grams of carbon that combine with 16 g of oxygen in the formation of co2 is ________.
The amount of carbon combined with oxygen in order to form Carbon Dioxide(CO₂) is 12 grams
The Law of Multiple proportions is one of the basic laws in chemistry along with the Law of Definite proportion. This law was proposed by John Dalton in 1803. The law states that if two elements react to form one or more compounds then the ratio of masses of both the elements is in the ratio of small whole numbers.
It is known that Carbon can form two different compounds while reacting with Oxygen that is: Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide. For Carbon Monoxide, 12g of Carbon needs to react with 16g of Oxygen. Whereas, In Carbon Dioxide, 12g of Carbon needs to react with 32g of Oxygen. So the mass of Carbon is equal in both cases is 12g.
C(12g) + O(16g) ⇒ CO (Carbon Monoxide)
C(12g) + 2O(32g) ⇒ CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide)
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Why should an acid be handled with caution?
Answer:
Because they are corrosive. Acids are extremely corrosive to all body tissue, especially eyes and skin. Due to this powerful corrosiveness, acids are highly toxic.
Explanation:
If+28.0%+of+a+sample+of+silver-112+decays+in+1.52+hours,+what+is+the+half-life+of+this+isotope+(in+hours)?
28% decay means, 72% remains from the isotope.
Now,
N=N n ( 21 ) t/t 1 2
72=100( 21 ) t 1/2 1.52hr
( 100/72 )=( 21 ) t 1/2 1.52h
Taking long as both side & solving we get,
t 1/2 =3.21 hr
What is isotope?
Isotopes are two or more different atom types that share the same atomic number and place in the periodic table but have different quantities of neutrons in their nuclei, resulting in various nucleon numbers.
Therefore,
If+28.0%+of+a+sample+of+silver-112+decays+in+1.52+hours,+what+is+the+half-life+of+this+isotope+(in+hours)?
28% decay means, 72% remains
Now,
N=N n ( 21 ) t/t 1 2
72=100( 21 ) t 1/2 1.52hr
( 100/72 )=( 21 ) t 1/2 1.52h
Taking long as both side & solving we get,
t 1/2 =3.21 hr
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Select the correct answer. what type of creation story describes how earth originated from water? a. ex nihilo b. emergence c. world parents d. earth diver
Earth diver story type of creation story describes how earth originated from water.
A creation myth or cosmogonic myth is a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it. earth diver is a common character in various traditional creation myths who is sent by a supreme being into the primal waters to find substance (often sand or mud) with which to build habitable land. earth diver featured character are the on who dives into water and bring up a small amount of mud and sand and that's why according to this theory supreme being is responsible for sending animals inside the water to find little bit of mud and sand.
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Consider the structure of vitamin a1 c.o't''e~'ll (c2oh3oo). vitamin a1 should be:________
Consider the structure of vitamin a1 c.o't''e~'ll (c2oh3oo). vitamin a1 should be less soluble in water than in oil.
What is structure of vitamin?
Vitamins perform a variety of biological processes. The proliferation and differentiation of cells and tissues is regulated by vitamin A. Vitamin D performs a hormone-like function by controlling how quickly bones and other organs use minerals. The B complex vitamins serve as cofactors (coenzymes) for enzymes or as their precursors.
Therefore,
Consider the structure of vitamin a1 c.o't''e~'ll (c2oh3oo). vitamin a1 should be less soluble in water than in oil.
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You fire a beam of light at a piece of metal and determine that electrons are emitted with 2. 0 ev of energy. You increase the wavelength of the light and determine that electrons are still being emitted. What else is true?.
The correct answer is option B: there is a decrease in the speed of the emitted electrons.
If we increase the wavelength of the light and determine that electrons are still being emitted. Then the truth is that there is a decrease in the speed of the emitted electrons.
In chemistry, the relation between the energy of a light photon and its wavelength is given by the following equation;
E = hc / λ
or λ = hc / E
Here, h is the plank's constant, 'E' represents the energy of light photons, and c is the light speed where λ indicates the wavelength of the light.
The above equation shows that the energy of photons and wavelength are inversely related to each other.
The value of energy decreases, if wavelength increases.
To put it simply, if the energy decreases then the speed and kinetic energy of the emitted electron also decrease.
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The complete question is:
You fire a beam of light at a piece of metal and determine that electrons are emitted with 2.0 eV of energy. You increase the wavelength of the light and determine that electrons are still being emitted. What else is true?
(A) there is an increase in the speed of the emitted electrons.
(B) there is a decrease in the speed of the emitted electrons.
(C) there is an increase in the number of electrons emitted.
(D) there is a decrease in the number of electrons emitted.
_______ botulinum produces a deadly toxin that may be found in improperly home-canned, low-acid foods.
Clostridium botulinum produces a deadly toxin that may be found in improperly home-canned, low-acid foods. Under low oxygen circumstances, the bacterium Clostridium botulinum creates harmful toxins (botulinum toxins). Botulinum toxins are among the deadliest chemicals yet discovered. Botulinum toxins can cause respiratory and muscle paralysis by blocking nerve functioning.
A toxin that targets the body's nerves and produces botulism, an uncommon but severe illness, can cause difficulties breathing, muscle paralysis, and even death. The bacteria Clostridium botulinum, as well as Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium baratii, occasionally produce this toxin. The anaerobic rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria Clostridium botulinum produces a protein with distinctive neurotoxicity.
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a sheet of aluminum (al) foil has a total area of 1.000 ft2 and a mass of 3.686 g. what is the thickness of the foil in millimeters (density of al
The thickness of the aluminum foil in millimeters is 0.0147 mm
What is density?The density of a substance is simply defined as the mass of the subtance per unit volume of the substance. Mathematically, it can be expressed as
Density = mass / volume
How to determine the volume of the aluminumMass of aluminum = 3.686 gDensity of aluminum = 2.699 g/cm³Volume of aluminum =?Density = mass / volume
Thus,
Volume = mass / density
Volume of aluminum = 3.686 / 2.699
Volume of aluminum = 1.366 cm³
Divide by 28316.8 to express in ft³
Volume of aluminum = 1.366 / 28316.8
Volume of aluminum = 4.82×10⁻⁵ ft³
How to determine the thickness of the aluminum foilArea = 1 ft²Volume of aluminum = 4.82×10⁻⁵ ft³Thickness =?Volume = area × thickness
Divide both sides by area
Thickness = volume / area
Thickness = 4.82×10⁻⁵ / 1
Thickness = 4.82×10⁻⁵ ft
Multiply 304.8 to express in mm
Thickness = 4.82×10⁻⁵ × 304.8
Thickness = 0.0147 mm
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Complete question
A sheet of aluminum foil has a total area of 1.000ft2and a mass of 3.686g. What is the thickness of the foil inmillimeters? (The density of aluminum is 2.699g/cm3)
starting from methyl acetoacetate and any other necessary reagents, complete the most efficient three‑step synthesis of the ketone, 3‑benzyl‑5‑methylhexan‑2‑one, by dragging the appropriate compound(s) into the boxes. only one set of reagents will fit into each box, and all compounds will not be used
starting from methyl acetoacetate and any other necessary reagents, complete the most efficient three‑step synthesis of the ketone, 3‑benzyl‑5‑methylhexan‑2‑one
What are chemical conversions?
A chemical production procedure in which chemical transformation takes place, that is, the product differs chemically from the beginning materials.
Acetoacetate is transformed into BHB, the wealthy supply of strength for the mind. This system of changing fatty acids to ketone our bodies is crucial due to the fact your mind isn't capable of successfully use fatty acids for fuel. Ketones, however, can pass the blood-mind barrier and offer your mind with the strength it desires to function.
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25 moles of methane gas are contained in a 20-liter container at a pressure of 30 x 105 pa. the gas temperature must be:_____.
By ideal gas approximation, the temperature of methane gas is 361.01 K.
We need to know about the ideal gas theory to solve this problem. The ideal gas is assumed that there is no interaction between particles in a gas. It can be determined by the equation
P . V = n . R . T
where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles gas, R is the ideal gas constant (8.31 J/mol.K) and T is temperature.
From the question above, we know that
V = 20 L = 0.02 m³
P = 30 x 10⁵ Pa
n = 20 moles
By substituting the following parameters, we get
P . V = n . R . T
30 x 10⁵ . 0.02 = 20 . 8.31 . T
166.2T = 6 x 10⁴
T = 361.01 K
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equal amounts of a pure substance undergo the following changes. which process would you predict release the greatest amount of energy
It is said that two substances are entirely miscible when they combine to create a single homogenous phase in all ratios. When two substances, like oil and water, are essentially insoluble in one another, they are said to be immiscible.
The substance present in the highest amount is the solvent in all solutions, whether gaseous, liquid, or solid, and the substance(s) present in the least amount is/are the solute (s). The solvent and the solute need not be in the same physical state, although the solvent's physical state typically dictates the nature of the solution. The solute is considered to be soluble in the solvent if they can combine to form a homogenous solution.
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represent each of the following as a number between 0.1 and 1000 using an appropriate prefix: (a) 45 320 kn, (b) 568(105) mm, and (c) 0.00563 mg.
Prefix of appropriate number between 0.1 and 1000 a) 45.320MN, b) 568 hm c) 5.63ug
a) Convert to a prefix that allows the value to be between 0.1 and 1000
45, 320 kn × [tex]\frac{MN}{1000kn} = 45.320MN[/tex]
(b) 568(105) mm converting to prefix value between 0.1 to 1000
568× 10 ⁵ mm = 568 ˣ 10⁵ ˣ 10⁻³m
= 568 × 10²m
= 568 hm
(c) 0.00563 mg conversion to prefix number in between 0.1 to 1000
0.00563 ˣ 10⁻³
= [tex]\frac{5.63}{10^{6} }g[/tex]
= 5.63 × 10⁻⁶g
= 5.63ug
What is the prefix in chemistry?A prefix to the name comes before the molecule. The prefix of the molecule's name is predicated on the number of carbon atoms. for instance , a sequence of six carbon atoms would be named using the prefix hex-. The suffix to the name is an ending that's applied that describes the types of chemical bonds in the molecule.
What are the primary ten prefixes in organic chemistry?Dec is for ten carbons. The prefixes for identical groups are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, and deca. Mono is never used in organic chemistry.
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Set the total electron capacity to:
c). a 3p orbital.
Answer:
6e
Explanation:
Number of orbitals in each subshell:
S - 1
P - 3
D - 5
F - 7
The number of orbitals increases by 2
Subshell p has 3 orbitals, each orbital can hold up to 2 electrons. Therefore, 3p has an electron capacity of 6.
**Note: The number 3 in 3p only represents the shell number and does not influence the electron capacity.
What type of chemical bond holds the atoms together within a water molecule?
a. nonpolar covalent bond
b. ionic bond
c. polar covalent bond
d. coordinate covalent bond
C. Polar Covalent Bond is the chemical bond holds the atoms together within a water molecule.
What type of chemical bond holds the atoms in a water molecule together?bonds that are covalent
Covalent bonds are strong bonds that hold the hydrogen (white) and oxygen (red) atoms of individual H2O molecules together. Covalent bonds form when two atoms, in this case oxygen and hydrogen, share electrons. Polar covalent bonds hold the atoms in a water molecule together. Hydrogen bonds attract water molecules to one another. One of the most important characteristics of water is that it is made up of polar molecules. Water molecules (H2O) contain two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, which form polar covalent bonds. The oxygen atom in a single molecule of water is bonded to the two hydrogen atoms via polar covalent bonds. As a result, water molecules are polar and can form hydrogen bonds with one another.To learn more about Polar Covalent Bond refer to
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consider the structures of the molecules below. are these molecules polar, nonpolar, or amphiphilic?
Compounds A and D are amphiphilic, compound B is nonpolar, and compounds C and E are polar.
What is amphiphilic?A chemical substance with both hydrophilic (polar, attracted to water) and lipophilic (attracted to fat) qualities is called an amphiphile (also known as an amphipath; from the Greek, amphis: both and, philia: love, friendship). Amphiphilic or amphipathic describes such a chemical. Soaps, detergents, and lipoproteins are examples of common amphiphilic compounds. Cell membranes' primary structural element is a phospholipid amphiphile.
Chemistry and biochemistry research, particularly that on lipid polymorphism, is based on amphiphiles.
Bolaamphiphilic refers to organic molecules with hydrophilic groups at both ends of the molecule. Prolate micelles are what they create in the aggregate.
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describe/draw the difference between lone pairs of electrons and bonded electrons? give two examples of molecules that have both in their structure
The difference between bond pair and lone pair of electrons are :
1. Bond pair is a pair of electrons that are in a bond where as lone pair of electrons are not in a bond.
2. Bond pairs electrons are always in bonds where as lone pair of electrons are not in bonds but it can forms bond by donating the electrons.
3. In bond pair, electrons belongs to two atoms where as in lone pair, electrons belongs to the same atom.
4. Bond pair is created due to sharing of electrons where as lone pair is due to the absence of orbitals.
Two examples of molecules that have both lone pair and bond pair electrons are : ClF3, h2O
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A solution containing a mixture of lactic acid and lactate was found to have a ph of 4.10.4.10. calculate the ratio of the lactate concentration to the lactic acid concentration in this solution.
The ratio is 1:4
pH of a solution is a measure of the hydrogen/hydronium ions present in it
pH = -log [ H+]
pH of lactic acid given is 4.10
∴ concentration of H+ ions in the solution is :
[H+] = 0.79 x 10^-5 mol
the Ka of lactic acid is 1.37 x 10^-4
lactic acid dissociates to form lactate ion and oxonium ion.
[lactate] = [ H+] = 0.79 x 10^-5 mol
[tex]Ka = \frac{[lactate][H+]}{[lactic acid]}[/tex]
[tex]1.37 x 10^-4 = \frac{(0.79 x 10^-5)^{2} }{Lactic acid}[/tex]
[lactic acid] = 2.195 x 10^-6 mol
[tex]\frac{[Lactate]}{[Lactic Acid]}[/tex] = 1 : 4 (approx)
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When the leveling bulb is higher than the water level, the pressure in the system is greater than atmospheric pressure. true /false
The correct answer is true.
When the leveling bulb is higher than the water level, pressure in the system is greater than atmospheric pressure
What do you mean by atmospheric pressure?Atmospheric pressure, also called the barometric pressure, force per unit area exerted by an atmospheric column (that is, the entire body of air above the specified area).
Atmospheric pressure can be measured with a mercury barometer (hence the commonly used synonym barometric pressure), which indicates height of a column of mercury that exactly balances the weight of the column of atmosphere over the barometer.
The atmospheric pressure is also measured using an aneroid barometer, in which the sensing element is one or more hollow, partially evacuated, corrugated metal disks supported against collapse by an inside or outside spring; the change in the shape of the disk with changing pressure can be recorded using a pen arm and a clock-driven revolving drum.
A pressure system is a relative peak or lull in sea level pressure distribution. Pressure systems cause the weather to be experienced locally.
Low-pressure systems are associated with band precipitation that minimize the temperature changes throughout the day, whereas, high-pressure systems normally associate with dry weather and mostly clear skies with larger diurnal temperature changes due to the greater radiation at night and greater sunshine during the day. Pressure systems are analyzed by those in the field of meteorology within the surface weather maps.
The leveling bulb is higher than the water level, pressure in the system is greater than atmospheric pressure.
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calculate the ph of a solution prepared by diluting 3.0 ml of 2.5 m hcl to a final volume of 100 ml with h2o
The pH of a solution prepared is 1.12.
c₁(HCl) = 2.5 M; original concentration of the solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl), before it gets diluted
V₁(HCL) = 3.5 ml; the volume of HCl to be diluted
V₂(HCl) = 100 ml; final volume of HCl after dilution.
c₂(HCl) = ?; final concentration of the solution of HCl, after dilution
c₁ · V₁ = c₂ · V₂; formula to calculate concentration of a solution
c₂(HCl) = c₁ · V₁ ÷ V₂.
c₂(HCl) = 2.5 M · 3.0 ml ÷ 100 ml
c₂(HCl) = 0.075 M
Chemical dissotiation of hydrochloric acid:
HCl(aq) → H⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)
c(HCl) = c(H⁺) = 0.075 M
pH = -logc(H⁺)
pH = -log(0.075 M)
pH = 1.12; potential of hydrogen
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at the molecular level: a. create a question a researcher would ask at this level b. give an example of an experiment that could be done to answer questions at this level
In following way we can create the question:
How does dissolving a salt molecule in the water make its atoms ionize?
Dissolving a salt molecule in the water does not make its atoms ionize. The atoms in the solid salts are already ionized long before touching the water.
Electrons in an atom can only take on the specific wave states, and only one electron can occupy one wave state at a time. As a result, electrons in an atom take different states, starting from lowest energy state and going upwards in energy until the electrons have all found distinct states. For various reasons that are not worth mentioning here, electron states in the atoms tend to form various groups, with the states in the same group having very similar energies and states. Chemists call these groups of electron states "shells", even though they have nothing to do with the literal shells.
What is an electron?The electron is a subatomic particle (denoted by symbol e− or β−) whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge. Electrons belong to first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. The electron's mass is approximately 1836 times smaller than that of proton. Quantum mechanical properties of electron include an intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of a half-integer value, expressed in units of the reduced Planck constant, ħ. Being fermions, no two electrons can occupy same quantum state, in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle.
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electrons may be in more than one orbital at once, due to the general possibility of superposition of quantum state
When an electron is superposed, its various states can be viewed as distinct outcomes, each with a specific chance of being observed.
What is Superposition ?Superposition is the ability of a quantum system to exist in multiple states simultaneously up until a measurement is taken. This fundamental principle of quantum mechanics is frequently illustrated through an experiment conducted in 1801 by the English scientist Thomas Young since the idea is challenging to grasp.
The positioning of one thing above or on top of another The law of superposition, which is extremely straightforward, is used to establish if one sedimentary rock is older than another.
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Indicate which alcohol in each pair will undergo an elimination reaction more rapidly when heated with h2so4.
Indicate which alcohol in each pair will undergo an elimination reaction more rapidly when heated with H-SO CH2OH CH CH2OH он OH.
What is alcohol ?Ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids can be produced when alcohol is oxidized. These functional groups can be used to additional processes; for instance, carboxylic acids can be used for esterification, while ketones and aldehydes can be applied to subsequent Grignard reactions. When an organic compound is oxidized, more bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, like a halogen), and possibly fewer links to hydrogen, are formed.
Secondary alcohols can be efficiently oxidized up to the ketone stage without rupturing carbon-carbon bonds. Except in extremely restricted circumstances, no more oxidation is visible. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without rupturing carbon-carbon bonds, in contrast to primary alcohols, which can be converted to aldehydes or further converted to carboxylic acids.
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of the two lewis/electron dot structure representations, which is the correct one for phosphorus trifluoride?
Lewis dot structure of PF3 contains 1 lone pair on the central atom(phosphorous) and 3 lone pairs on each outer atom(fluorine).
The diagrams known as Lewis structures, often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures, depict the interactions between the atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present.
The trigonal pyramid is the form or molecular geometry of PF3. Since PF3's core region comprises four zones of electron density, its electron geometry is tetrahedral. One lone pair is present on the core atom (phosphorus) in the Lewis dot structure of PF3, and three are present on each outside atom (fluorine).
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6. A student adds a mixture of oil, sand and salt in a beaker of water and stirs it. The student stops stirring, and observes that the salt is no longer visible. It is also observed that the oil floats on the top and the sand sinks to the bottom of the beaker.
a. Why does oil float on water?
b. Why is salt no longer visible after the stirring?
c. How can you separate the components of this mixture?
Explanation:
a)oil floats on water because oil has less dense than the water.
b) since salt dissolve in water.
c) 1. Decantation -
Oil floats on water (oil is insoluble in water), so it can be decanted easily.
2. Filtration-
Filter the mixture and sand will be separated from the water (as it is insoluble in water), and only salt solution will be left.
3. Evaporation-
The salt solution can be evaporated, by this, the salt will separate out.
Identify a base that can be used to deprotonate propane (ch3ch2ch3) efficiently.
Identify a base that can be used to deprotonate propane (CH3CH2CH3) efficiently. А "NH2 B None of the given bases are suitable.
What is deprotonate propane?Deprotonation (or dehydronation) is the removal (transfer) of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), (H+), from a Brnsted-Lowry acid in an acid-base reaction. The species created is the conjugate base of that acid. Protonation is the complimentary procedure that occurs when a proton is added (transferred) to a Brnsted-Lowry base (or hydronation). The conjugate acid of that base is the species that results.
Amphiprotic refers to a species that has the ability to either take or contribute a proton. The H2O (water) molecule serves as an illustration. It has the ability to either gain a proton and produce the hydronium ion, H3O+, or lose a proton and form the hydroxide ion, OH.
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Which quantity is held constant when working with boyle’s, charles’s, and gay-lussac’s laws? volume moles pressure temperature
The quantity the is help constant in Boyles's law is Temperature, Charles' law is Pressure, Gay-Lussac's law is number of moles.
Boyle's law states that at constant temperature the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas.
P α V....(i)
Charles' law states that at constant pressure the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas.
V α T....(ii)
Gay-Lussac's law states that for a given number of molecules of gas the Pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the absolute Temperature of the gas.
P α T....(iii)
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Give the charge of the stable ion formed by each of the following. Include the sign (+ or -) and magnitude (numerical value) of the charge in every case. (Note: Give only the charge, not the formula of the ion.)
1. A group 2A metal
2. A group 3A metal
The charges on the ions are;
1. A group 2A metal - 2+
2. A group 3A metal - 3+
What is a charge?A charge could be positive or negative. We know that a positive charge is formed when there is an excess of protons compared to electrons in a specie. On the other hands, a negative ion is one in which there are more electrons than protons.
Now we know that metals mostly form positive ions. The magnitude of the charge on the ions depends on the group in the periodic table to which the metal belongs.
The charges on the ions are;
1. A group 2A metal - 2+
2. A group 3A metal - 3+
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Aluminum is a lightweight metal (density 2.70 g/cm3) used in aircraft construction, high-voltage transmission lines, and foils. what is its density in kg/m3?
The density of high voltage transmission lines, and foils = 2700 kg/m³
Converting :2.70 g/cm³ to kg/m³,
we use what's called "dimensional analysis" . But, really, it's just multiplying 2.70 g/ cm³ with converters.
Since we would like to convert g/cm³ to kg/m³, let's first recall that 1 kg = 1000 g, and 100 cm = 1 m .
Then, we just multiply:
[tex]\frac{2.70g}{cm^{3} }[/tex]× [tex]\frac{1 kg}{1000g}[/tex]×[tex]\frac{100cm}{m}[/tex]³
This works since 1kg/1000g is simply 1, same with 100cm/m. Also, note that the cm/m converter is cubed, since the first is cm³.
Then, (2.70) x (100)³ / (1000) = 2,700 kg/m³
Definition of dimensional analysis:
a way of analysis in which physical quantities are expressed in terms of their fundamental dimensions that is often used when there is not enough information to set up precise equations
What is dimensional analysis used for?dimensional analysis, technique utilized in the physical sciences and engineering to reduce physical properties, like acceleration, viscosity, energy, et al. , to their fundamental dimensions of length (L), mass (M), and time (T).
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