Answer:
Step 1: Condensation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate.
Step 2: Isomerization of citrate into isocitrate.
Step 3: Oxidative decarboxylations of isocitrate.
Step 4: Oxidative decarboxylation of α-ketoglutarate.
The Krebs cycle results in the production of one FADH2, two NADH, two carbon dioxide molecules, and one ATP/GTP.
Explanation:
Question5
a) What is the primary way that muscle force is controlled?
b) Describe this phenomenon and explain how this relates to changes in muscle
circumference.
Question6:
Which of these two types of muscle contractions (Isotonic, Isometric) is used in the body to promote joint stability? Briefly explain your reasoning.
Answer:
Q5 a) he nervous system controls muscle force by varying both motor unit recruitment and rate coding.
b) The central nervous system can increase the strength of muscle contraction by the following: Increasing the number of active motor units (ie, spatial recruitment) Increasing the firing rate (firing frequency) at which individual motor units fire to optimize the summated tension generated (ie, temporal recruitment)
Q6) isometric contractions are active in maintaining posture and maintaining bone and joint stability.
in coelomate animals, what type of tissue surrounds the digestive tube? What function does this type of tissue usually serve in other locations in the body?
The coelom is found between the intestinal canal and the body wall, lined with mesodermal epithelium. Coelom can absorb shock or provide a hydrostatic skeleton.
Coelomic fluid function of a hydrostatic skeleton, which helps for locomotion of soft-bodied animals and provide body a distinct shape. Contracting muscles can push against the coelomic fluid because of the fluid pressure.
In coelomate, the tissue that lines the inner side of the body cavity come from the same germ layer as the tissue lining from the outer side of the body cavity. Hence, The digestive tract of a coelomate functions as a coelom.
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When blood flows
through the body,
oxygen diffuses into the
cells and [?] diffuses out.
A. oxygen
C. nutrients
B. carbon dioxide this
D. water
Answer: B
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells when oxygen diffuses into the cells
These are the events that occur during protein synthesis. They are not in the correct order. Write numbers in the blanks indicating the order in which these steps occur.
1. DNA transcribes RNA
2. The RNA is sent to the cytoplasm in the form of mRNA
3. mRNA attaches to a ribosome
4. As the mRNA moves through the ribosomes, a tRNA molecule arrives transporting the correct amino acid
5. Newly arriving amino acids are connected to the growing polypeptide by peptide bonds
6. When a stop codon is reached, the protein is released from the ribosome.
54. The table shows the composition of the urine of four people.
Which person is most likely to be suffering from kidney failure?
person urea content of urine
high
high
low
low
A
13
10
D
water content of urine
low
high
low
high
What are the steps for photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is defined as the process by which plants use energy from sunlight in the manufacturing of food.
What are the steps of photosynthesis?The photosynthetic process in green plants occur in four distinct steps that includes the following:
Absorption of light: This is the first and important stage of photosynthesis that involves the absorption of light by the chlorophyll which is located at the chloroplast of.most green plants. This leads to the splitting of waters molecules to form oxygen.Electron transfer: As the electrons are transferred through the membrane, protons are pumped out of the membrane, resulting in the proton gradient across the membrane.Generation of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): The movement of protons from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma leads to the generation of ATP.Carbon fixation: The ATP generated drive the process of reducing carbon into six-carbon sugar molecules.Learn more about photosynthesis here:
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I need the answer to it asap
Answer:
C: Excess fertilizer carried into rivers
Explanation:
Fertilizer used in agriculture is largely made up of nitrogen and phosphorus (and potassium). Runoff from regular landscaping practices and agricultural farming creates a buildup of these substances that is then carried to the Dead Zone by the Mississippi River.
How can Earth's layers be defined? Select the two correct answers
by their amounts of land area
by their physical properties
by their chemical compositions
by their temperatures
by their thickness
It is possible to define the layers of the earth using the information below:
in accordance with their chemistry.
based on their physical characteristics.
So, choices A and B are the ones that are appropriate for this inquiry.
What distinguishes the earth's various layers?In general, there are four major strata that make up the earth's structure. According to them,
The crust.
The mantle.
The outer core.
The inner core.
The layers indicated above all have different chemical makes up. When characterizing the many strata of the earth, factors such as the physical state and chemical makeup are equally significant. Iron and a little amount of nickel are both found to be most abundant in the core regions.
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What happens during
facilitated diffusion?
A. Molecules are moved to an
unimportant area.
B. Molecules are destroyed.
C. Molecules are moved from a
higher concentration to a lower
concentration. This
Answer:
C. Molecules are moved from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Explanation:
Facilitated diffusion is a type of diffusion in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration assisted by a carrier.
Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin cycle?
(A) How does chlorophyll capture light?
(B) How is ATP used in the formation of carbohydrates?
(C) How is NADP+ reduced to NADPH?
(D) How is ATP produced in chemiosmosis?
How is ATP used in the formation of carbohydrates? is the most relevant question to understanding the Calvin cycle.
The Calvin cycle is a procedure that vegetation and algae use to show carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the meals autotrophs want to grow. Every dwelling aspect on Earth relies upon at the Calvin cycle. Plants rely upon the Calvin cycle for strength and meals.
So to discover whether or not the calvin cycle is taking place, you need to see whether or not sugar or glucose is being synthesized or being created, so you are searching out is glucose being prete.
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A river with large, smooth rocks on the bottom, small and medium sized sediment is moving downstream.
Which conditions resulted in the erosion of larger rocks, like the one circled in the image? Check all that apply.
low gradient, high volume
high gradient, low velocity
high gradient, high velocity
What is Erosion ?
Erosion is the geological technique wherein earthen substances are worn away and transported with the aid of using herbal forces together with wind or water. A comparable technique, weathering, breaks down or dissolves rock, however does now no longer contain movement. Erosion is the alternative of deposition, the geological technique wherein earthen substances are deposited, or constructed up, on a landform. Most erosion is accomplished with the aid of using liquid water, wind, or ice (commonly with inside the shape of a glacier). If the wind is dusty, or water or glacial ice is muddy, erosion is taking area. The brown colour suggests that bits of rock and soil are suspended with inside the fluid (air or water) and being transported from one area to another. Physical Erosion - Physical erosion describes the technique of rocks converting their bodily houses with out converting their simple chemical composition.
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Which is an example of geographic isolation?
Responses
A Two groups of albatross live on separate islands but commonly cross from one island to the other.Two groups of albatross live on separate islands but commonly cross from one island to the other.
B A group of snakes is unable to cross a river and is separated from a group of snakes on the opposite side.A group of snakes is unable to cross a river and is separated from a group of snakes on the opposite side.
C A species of chipmunk becomes extinct because of a lack of food.A species of chipmunk becomes extinct because of a lack of food.
D One group of frogs mates in spring and another mates in fall, effectively isolating the two groups from breeding with each other.
A group of snakes that is unable to cross a river and is separated from a group of snakes on the opposite side is an example of the geographic isolation process (Option B).
What is the geographic isolation process?The geographic isolation process refers to all types of geographic barriers such as rivers that limit the gene flow between individuals of the same species.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the geographic isolation process is associated with a limited gene flow in a population due to geographic barriers between individuals.
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HELP PLEASE
what is the net gain of energy when going from the bonds broken to forming new bonds in new proteins?
While a gram of protein has four calories, the same as a gram of carbohydrates, the body does not readily use protein as a fuel source. Around 5% of the daily energy needs are met by protein on an average day.
What is the involvement of protein in energy production?Because a large portion of the energy required to build complex organic food molecules like sugars, lipids, and proteins is physically stored inside the chemical bonds that keep them together, these molecules are abundant sources of energy for cells.
In some reactions, energy is absorbed because more energy is needed to break bonds than is created when new bonds are formed.
Therefore, When bonds are broken, energy is absorbed, and when bonds are formed, energy is evolved.
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Explain how active transport works in a cell
Answer:
substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
Explanation:
Answer: Active transport is the movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient; From a low to a high concentration.
Explanation:
There are two types of active transport:
1) Primary Active Transport - Primary active transport, also called direct active transport, directly uses energy to transport molecules across a membrane. Most of the enzymes that perform this type of transport are transmembrane ATPases. A primary ATPase universal to all life is the sodium-potassium pump, which helps to maintain the cell potential. Other sources of energy for Primary active transport are redox energy and photon energy (light). An example of primary active transport using Redox energy is the mitochondrial electron transport chain that uses the reduction energy of NADH to move protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane against their concentration gradient. An example of primary active transport using light energy are the proteins involved in photosynthesis that use the energy of photons to create a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane and also to create reduction power in the form of NADPH.
Secondary Active Transport - In secondary active transport or co-transport, energy is used to transport molecules across a membrane; however, in contrast to primary active transport, there is no direct coupling of ATP; instead, the electrochemical potential difference created by pumping ions out of the cell is used. The two main forms of this are antiport and symport.
what organelle makes carbon dioxide?
Answer:
Mitochondria
Explanation:
The organelle that will use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide and water is the mitochondria. The mitochondria is a membrane bound organelle used by eukaryotic cells to carry out cellular respiration.
PLEASE MARK AS BRAINLIEST!!!Answer: The answer to that would be mitochondria.
The mitochondria is an organelle used by eukaryotic cells to help carry out cellular respiration.
We just reviewed this in my science class but I'm not that sure if it's what you were looking for!!!
Why is there a need for a student to get acquainted to different laboratory apparatus?
A student needs to get acquainted with different laboratory apparatuses because then they can prevent any error, accident, or hazard from happening.
While working in the laboratory, a student needs to know which apparatus is required to perform what experiment/function. They need proper practice so as to remember the specific job of every instrument.
For example, a student should know that they need to use a cover slip properly so that they can prevent any bubbles from forming on their slide while looking at it under the microscope. If they do, they potentially reduce the chances of error in their calculations.
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Which could cause a
change to the carrying
capacity of a species in an
ecosystem?
A. seasons changing
B. continuous rotation of resources
C. more predators
D. consistent rain falls
The carrying capacity of a species in an ecosystem is the continuous rotation of resources. Option B.
As abiotic or biotic factors change so does the carrying capacity. Natural disasters can destroy ecosystem resources. When resources are destroyed, ecosystems can no longer support large populations. This reduces the payload. Increased food production through improved agricultural practices control of many diseases with modern medicine, and the use of energy to render historically uninhabitable areas.
Earth's habitable is an example of something that can expand its carrying capacity. Altering ecosystems can increase the carrying capacity of some species, as other species are overwhelmed and populated while others are dramatically reduced due to hunting. Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals in a population that the environment can support.
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Answer:
b) continuous rotation of resources
Explanation:
Continuous rotation of resources will cause a change to the carrying capacity of a species in an ecosystem. Therefore, the option (b) is the correct answer.
Living organisms in our world are connected to other (11) ___________________________ in a variety of ways. The branch of biology called (12) ___________________________ is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their (13) __________________________, including relationships between living and (14) ___________________________ things. All living things on Earth can be found in the (15) __________________________, the portion of Earth that supports life. It extends from high in the (16) ___________________________ to the bottom of the oceans. Many different environments can be found in the biosphere. All living organisms found in an environment are called (17) ___________________________ . Nonliving parts of an environment are called (18) __________________________. For example, whales, trees, and (19) _______________________ are biotic factors. Ocean currents, temperature, and (20) _________________________ are abiotic factors.
Which of the following is
NOT used by plants to
attract pollinators?
A. ovary size this is answer
B. flower color
C. flower smell
D. sweet-tasting fruit
Theorists who emphasize the discontinuity of development maintain that growth occurs in distinct stages.
Piaget's cognitive emphasize on the discontinuity of development that growth occurs in distinct stages.
What theories emphasize discontinuous development?The discontinuity sees development as more abrupt a succession of changes that produce different types of behaviors in different age at specific life periods is called stages. Biological changes provide the potential for occurrence of these changes. Period theories which emphasize discontinuous disruption, assume that developmental change often occurs in distinct stages that are qualitatively different from each other, and in a set, universal succession. The classical theories of Freud, Erikson, Piaget, and Kohlberg are called stage theories. Theories of discontinuously emphasizes the insensibility, defense mechanisms, and effect of the id, ego, and superego. Discontinuous are clear stages of development.
So we can conclude that Another issue rotates around the continuous and discontinuous theories emphasizing how change occurs in the growth stages.
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Groups of cells working together form:
What is photosynthesis?
A. growing flowers from seeds
B. using light to make high-energy
carbohydrates this is answer
C. using fertile soil to grow
horticulture
D. water absorption from plants
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is basically plants using sunlight (or any light) to make 'food'.
Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that contain chlorophyll engage in the most prevalent and important type of photosynthesis. These organisms absorb solar energy and transform it into chemical energy contained in the molecules of carbohydrates by using carbon dioxide and water. Thus, option B is correct.
What are the process involving in photosynthesis?The three episodes that occur during the photosynthesis cycle are: Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, which breaks down water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen. Light energy is converted into chemical energy. The reduction of carbon dioxide leads to the formation of carbohydrates.
The photosynthetic cycle contains three stages, which are as follows: Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, which then divides water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen. Light energy is converted into chemical energy. Carbon dioxide is reduced, which results in the creation of carbohydrates.
Therefore, using light to make high-energy carbohydrates.
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describe another situation in which the cell cycle short to allow rapid cell division before returning to normal
Overexpression of growth factors or the absence of suppressor proteins can lead to rapid cell division.
How the cell cycle allows cell division before returning to normal?The study of the cell cycle focuses on the apparatus that regulates the timing and frequency of DNA duplication and cell division during the mitotic (M) phase, the cell divides its duplicate DNA and cytoplasm to make two new cells. M phase involves two distinct division-linked processes such as mitosis and cytokinesis. A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it fattens and divides. A cell spends most of its time in what is called interphase, and through this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division. The cell then leaves interphase, undergoes mitosis, and concluded its division.
So we can conclude that the division cycle of most cells comprises four processes such as cell growth and DNA replication.
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The progressive series of changes that eventually produce a climax community on what was once a bare lava flow is an example of
Answer: primary succession is the correct answer
Discuss the major groups of microorganisms that produce antibiotics.
The two groups of microorganisms are Bacteria which is also called Neomycin and Fungi i.e. Penicillin from which antibiotics could be produced.
Which microorganisms are used for making antibiotics?Most of the straightaway available antibiotics are produced by prokaryotes mainly by bacteria from the genus Streptomyces. Some antibiotics are constructed naturally by fungi. These include the cephalosporin-producing Acremonium chrysogenum. Geldanamycin make by Streptomyces. Most of the antibiotics used today are produced from microbes. Bacteria are easy to isolate, culture, keep, and improve their strain. Some antibiotic gene clusters are worldwide, while others have cameo roles. One analysis estimated that if 10,000 actinomycetes.
So we can conclude that microorganisms that produce antibiotics helpful in preventing or treating disease include bacteria and fungi.
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Examples and non examples of nucleus
the elements are located in certain groups and families based on their
The elements are located in certain groups and families based on their Similar chemical behavior because they have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties.
Hope this helps :)
Which is NOT a
characteristic of
saturated fats?
A. They are less healthy than
unsaturated fats.
B. They are gases at room
temperature. This
C. They are saturated with
hydrogen.
D. They are liquid at room
temperature.
Answer:
They are liquid at room
temperature.
1.
Reptiles first appeared at the end of the _____ era.
Cenozoic Era
Archean era
Mesozoic Era
Paleozoic Era
Reptiles first appeared at the end of the Paleozoic Era. Thus, option D is correct.
What are reptiles?Reptiles first appeared during the Paleozoic Era. The Paleozoic Era occurred around 542 to 251 million years ago. More specifically, reptiles first appeared in the Upper Carboniferous Period known as the Pennsylvanian Period, which was from 323.2 to 298.9 million years ago.
Emergency procedures are processes that needs to have a quick action to arrive at a fast resolution. But it must still be conducted in an orderly manner. An elective procedure is a planned surgery. It is subjected to choice or election.
During the early period of the Paleozoic era (The Cambrian), there existed marine living organisms (phyla). During the Paleozoic era, volcanic activity was experienced. Lastly, the Paleozoic era was a geologic period that was prone to erosion and deposition of marine fossils.
Therefore, Reptiles first appeared at the end of the Paleozoic Era. Thus, option D is correct.
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What is
pollination?
A. when a flower blooms from its
sepals
B. when the fruit develops around a
fertilized seed
C. when pollen is transferred from the
anther of one flower to the stigma of
another
at this is answer