Answer:
A
Explanation:
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Which of the four factors that affect evolution apply to the finches that the Grants studied? Use
evidence from your research to support your answer. (15 points)
Answer:
Natural Selection in Real Time
"When we made the comparison between the size of the offspring generation and the population before selection, we found a measured, evolutionary response had taken place and it was almost identical to what we had predicted."
-Peter Grant
Darwin thought that evolution took place over hundreds or thousands of years and was impossible to witness in a human lifetime. Peter and Rosemary Grant have seen evolution happen over the course of just two years.
The Grants study the evolution of Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands. The birds have been named for Darwin, in part, because he later theorized that the 13 distinct species were all descendants of a common ancestor. Each species eats a different type of food and has unique characteristics developed through evolution. For example, the cactus finch has a long beak that reaches into blossoms, the ground finch has a short beak adapted for eating seeds buried under the soil, and the tree finch has a parrot-shaped beak suited for stripping bark to find insects.
The Grants have focused their research on the medium ground finch, Geospiza fortis, on the small island of Daphne Major. Daphne Major serves as an ideal site for research because the finches have few predators or competitors. (The only other finch on the island is the cactus finch.) The major factor influencing survival of the medium ground finch is the weather, and thus the availability of food. The medium ground finch has a stubby beak and eats mostly seeds. Medium ground finches are variable in size and shape, which makes them a good subject for a study of evolution.
The first event that the Grants saw affect the food supply was a drought that occurred in 1977. For 551 days the islands received no rain. Plants withered and finches grew hungry. The tiny seeds the medium ground finches were accustomed to eating grew scarce. Medium ground finches with larger beaks could take advantage of alternate food sources because they could crack open larger seeds. The smaller-beaked birds couldn't do this, so they died of starvation.
In 1978 the Grants returned to Daphne Major to document the effect of the drought on the next generation of medium ground finches. They measured the offspring and compared their beak size to that of the previous (pre-drought) generations. They found the offsprings' beaks to be 3 to 4% larger than their grandparents'. The Grants had documented natural selection in action.
While beak size is clearly related to feeding strategies, it is also related to reproduction. Female finches tend to mate with males that have the same size beaks. These factors together can add to the development of new species.
The Grants return each year to Daphne Major to observe and measure finches. They have been collecting data on the finches for over 25 years and have witnessed natural selection operating in different ways under different circumstances.
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Give a written example of a habitat starting at
primary succession and ending up in a climax
community.
Explanation:
WRITTEN BY
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Alternative Title: primary plant succession
Primary succession, type of ecological succession (the evolution of a biological community’s ecological structure) in which plants and animals first colonize a barren, lifeless habitat. Species that arrive first in the newly created environment are called pioneer species, and through their interactions they build a simple initial biological community. This community becomes more complex as new species arrive. Primary succession is distinguished from secondary succession, which is the recovery of an existing biological community after a disturbance sets back the community’s ecological structure to an earlier stage.
Primary succession
Primary succession
Primary succession begins in barren areas, such as on bare rock exposed by a retreating glacier. The first inhabitants are lichens or plants—those that can survive in such an environment. Over hundreds of years these “pioneer species” convert the rock into soil that can support simple plants such as grasses. These grasses further modify the soil, which is then colonized by other types of plants. Each successive stage modifies the habitat by altering the amount of shade and the composition of the soil. The final stage of succession is a climax community, which is a very stable stage that can endure for hundreds of years.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Primary succession
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Ecological succession
Pioneer species
Lava-sterilized landscapes, newly formed sand dunes, and rocks either deposited or scoured by retreating glaciers are examples of settings in which primary succession often occurs, because these places either lack soil or their soil cannot sustain life. On newly created volcanic islands, for example, after the rock cools, seeds blown by the wind may lodge in crevices, germinate, and take root. Often these first colonizing plants are weedy species, such as fast-growing grasses and lichens, that do not grow tall but do reproduce quickly. After these plants germinate and grow, they die and decompose, and their remains create pockets of soil in which other plants, as well as fungi, can become established. Over time, such fast-growing vegetation covers more and more of the island, and seeds from other, hardier, taller-growing plants arrive on the wind or are transported by birds that begin to use the island as a stopover during migration.
Surtsey
Surtsey
Surtsey, a volcanic island off the southern coast of Iceland, emerged from the Atlantic Ocean in a fiery eruption in November 1963. Shortly thereafter plants such as sea rocket (Cakile arctica), sand ryegrass (Leymus arenarius), oysterleaf (Mertensia maritima), and seaside sandplant (Honckenya peploides) colonized the island. Much of Surtsey's vegetation is composed of lichens and mosses. However, some higher plants such as the dwarf willow (Salix herbacea) and tea-leaved willow (S. phylicifolia) have grown on the island since the 1990s.
ARCTIC IMAGES/Alamy
These new arrivals shade out sun-loving grasses, shrubs, and other pioneer species, and their cast-off parts decay and add to the soil, altering it by mixing with soil particles left by the decay of earlier plants. More plants and animals arrive (the latter rafting over on flotsam or flying from nearby islands or the mainland), and some become established on the island. The ecosystem changes with each new arrival. Over several decades, the biological community transitions from collections of pioneer and intermediate species to a climax community—that is, a relatively balanced ecological stage whose ecological structure and species composition are far less volatile than those of earlier stages.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
This article was most recently revised and updated by John P. Rafferty, Editor.
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Answer:
I think its b but I'm not sure
don't hate me if I'm wrong
The smallest living things we have around, thanks to this tool they were eventually found – What is it?
write two sources of each of Nitrogen Phosphorus and potassium required for the growth of plant
Answer:
Do Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilizers Do for Plants? Nitrogen in Fertilizer. In simple terms, nitrogen promotes plant growth. It is associated with leafy, vegetative growth. Phosphorus in Fertilizer. Phosphorus is involved in the metabolic processes responsible for transferring Each of these fundamental nutrients plays a key role in plant nutrition. Nitrogen is considered to be the most important nutrient, and plants absorb more nitrogen than any other element. Nitrogen is essential to in making sure plants are healthy as they develop and nutritious to eat after they’re harvested. Soil is a major source of nutrients needed by plants for growth. The three main nutrients are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Together they make up the trio known as NPK. Other important nutrients are calcium, magnesium and sulfur.
Explanation: hope im right
Minerals like feldspar and mica are the main suppliers of potassium in soil. The earth provides phosphorus to plants. Usually in the form of synthetic fertilizer or livestock dung, farmers apply phosphorus to soil. The primary source of nitrogen in atmospheric deposition is the combustion of fossil fuels like coal and oil.
What is fertilizer?Fertilizer, a natural or synthetic substance with chemical components that enhance plant growth and productivity.
The primary sources of potassium in soil are minerals like feldspar and mica. Plants receive phosphorus from the ground.
Farmers add phosphorus to soil, typically in the form of synthetic fertilizer or livestock manure. The burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil is the main cause of nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Plants can take up nitrogen from the soil as [tex]NH^4^+[/tex] and [tex]NO_3[/tex] ions, but most of it is taken up as nitrate due to how common nitrification is in agricultural soils. As plant roots take up water, nitrate readily travels in their direction.
Thus, these are the sources of each of Nitrogen Phosphorus and potassium required for the growth of plant.
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Describe how you would use Random Sampling to determine the population of dandelions in your yard.
Answer:
randomly select different areas to count the dandelions, average the numbers and then multiply by the number of plots your grid contains. 6. In a forest that measures 5 miles by 5 miles, a sample was taken to count the number of silver maple trees in the forest.
Random sampling is used in sampling biological products. It is made up of subsets from the larger population in which the subset of individuals is selected randomly with equal probability.
It is used to collect the data for your research work.For sampling the dandelions randomly we will first choose a distinct random area for computing the dandelion.Estimate the average of the numbers determined before.Now multiply the average with the design your framework contains or with the total number of squares in the yard.Therefore this is how you calculate the random sample size.
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I need help with this one.
Answer:
Here is ya answer C: Cells
Explanation:
Need help will give brainliest
Answer: 1. The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.
2. The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
3. The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue.
Explanation: Hope this was helpful! :)
A cross of a red cow (RR) with a white bull (WW) produces all roan offspring (RW). This type of inheritance is known as:
sex-linked
complete dominance
codominance
incomplete dominance
Answer:
Codominance
Explanation:
Both parents carry a dominant trait, so the offspring will have a coat of main colour, and also some hairs of another colour.
Epistasis, such as albinism, is a result of ______. polygenic inheritance. multiple alleles. incomplete dominance. . codominance.
Is the mass–kinetic energy relationship directly proportional (as one variable increases, the other increases) or inversely proportional (as one variable increases, the other decreases)?
Answer:
The kinetic energy of a moving object is directly proportional to its mass and directly proportional to the square of its velocity.
Explanation:
The mass-kinetic energy relationship is ; Directly proportional
The Kinetic energy of an object is directly proportional because an increase in the kinetic energy of a moving object leads to an increase in the mass of the object and also to the increase in the velocity of the object squared.
i.e. K.E ( kinetic energy ) = [tex]\frac{1}{2} mv^2[/tex]
Hence we can conclude that the mass-kinetic energy relationship is directly proportional.
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21. The graphs show the results from an investigation of relative enzymatic activity of four different enzymes in acidic and basic environments.
Which enzyme would most likely function well in the stomach?
Pepsin
Papain
Chymotrypsin
Cholinesterase
Please help me! It's earth science
Answer: In order from top to bottom:
Foliation
Impact metamorphism
Compaction
Burial metamorphism
Explanation:
describe the role of insulin in regulating blood sugar levels
Answer:
Insulin helps control blood glucose levels by signaling the liver + muscle fat cells to take glucose from the blood. It then helps the cells to take the glucose to be use for energy, and if the body has sufficient energy, insulin signals the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen.
A pitcher throws a ball toward a player holding a softball bat. The player uses the bat to hit
the ball. The bat applies a 10-newton force to the ball.
Which statement correctly describes the reaction force between the bat and ball?
A The reaction force is the force that causes the ball to move toward the bat.
B The reaction force is the force applied to the bat by the player holding the bat.
C The reaction force is the force that pulls the ball toward the ground.
D The reaction force is the force of the ball on the bat.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The reaction force is the force of the ball on the bat
Answer:
The answer is B
Explanation:
According to Newton's third law, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In other words, an interaction between two objects results in the two objects exerting forces upon each other.
___________________________ are bodily structures that are similar in structure, but different in function, due to sharing a common ancestor
Answer:
Homologous structure
Explanation:
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one of the seed banks has been storing seeds of a rare and endangered plant to keep the seeds fresh.120 of the seeds of this plant were selected to be grown out of this 120 seeds only 90 germinated
what percentage of the seeds was not fertile?show all your working
Answer:
25%
Explanation:
According to this question, a seek stored seeds of a rare and endangered plant. In order to ensure that the seeds remain fresh, 120 seeds are selected to be grown. However, out of these 120 seeds, only 90 germinated. This means that only 90 of 120 seeds are fertile.
This further means that (120-90) = 30 seeds are infertile and hence, could not germinate. In percentage, this can be represented as:
30/120 × 100
= 1/4 × 100
= 100/4
= 25% of the selected seeds are infertile.
what is gene flow and how might it impact a wolf population
Answer:
Gene flow within a population can increase the genetic variation of the population, whereas gene flow between genetically distant populations can reduce the genetic difference between the populations.
Explanation:
Gene flow within the population increases the genetic variability in the wolf population variation can be seen.
What is gene flow?Gene migration is another name for gene movement. The movement of genetic material from one group to another is referred to as gene flow.
Through migration, gene flow can occur between two populations of the same species and is mediated via vertical gene transmission from parent to offspring and reproduction.
Any movement of people and the genetic material they carry from one community to another is referred to as gene flow, often known as migration.
Therefore the movement of genetic material from one population to another is known as gene flow.
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10 points
41
Which statement best describes how a vaccination can help protect
the body against disease?
Vaccines directly kill the pathogen that causes the disease,
Vaccines act as a medicine that cures the disease
Vaccines cause the production of specific molecules that will react with and destroy
certain molecules
Vaccines contain white blood cells that engulf harmful germs and prevent them from
spreadin throughout the bodyg
vaccines cause the production of specific molecules that will react with and destroy
state the shape of the bacterium used in the investigation of preventing bacterial growth
Answer:
Bacterial cells come in different shapes: from rods, to spheres, to spirals
Explanation:
DNA _____________________ after transcription.
Answer:
after Transcription DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA. DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template.
Explanation: happy to help :)
So long ago they used a sundial to tell it. It starts with a “t” if you want me to spell it – what is it?
Answer: time
Explanation:
One of the differences between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells is ?
Answer:
One major difference between adult and embryonic stem cells is their different abilities in the number and type of differentiated cell types they can become. Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent.
Draw a Punnett square to represent the cross of two pea plants each hetrozygous for tallness(Tt). Use the Punnett square to identify the probability of an offspring that is short.
Answer:
25% of the offspring will be short, tt.
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached file
Which statement best describes how homologous chromosomes are
separated during meiosis I?
A. The sister chromatids of each chromosome separate into different daughter
cells.
B. The two homologous chromosomes are not separated during meiosis I.
C. The two homologous chromosomes travel together into one new daughter cell.
D. The nonsister chromatids of each homologous pairs separate into different
daughter cells.
The two homologous chromosomes separate into two different daughter cells.
Answer:
two homologous chromosomes travel together into one new daughter cell.
Explanation:
in metaphase I the tetrads line themselves up at the metaphase plate and homologous pairs orient themselves randomly. in anaphase I centromeres break down and homologous chromosomes separate. in telophase I chromosomes move to opposite pols; during cytokinesis the cell separates into haploid cells.
Can you guys help me?
Answer:
first one is active transport sorry cant help with the rest
Explanation:
Which DNA-containing central cell structure found in plant and animal cells is absent in bacterial cells?
The DNA-containing central cell structure found in plant and animal cells is absent in bacterial cells is nucleus.
What is nucleus?The part of a cell that houses the chromosomes in biology. The membrane-enclosed nucleus is where RNA is synthesised from the chromosomal DNA.
DNA is organised into chromosomes in the nucleus, which is located in the centre of the cell.
The double nuclear membrane (outer and inner) that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, known as the nuclear envelope, envelops it. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and the outer membrane are one unit.
The nucleolus' main job is to facilitate ribosome biogenesis by assembling and digesting rRNA into preribosomal particles.
Bacterial cells lack the nucleus, the primary cell structure that houses DNA, that is present in plant and animal cells.
Thus, nucleus is only present is eukaryotic cells.
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Which of the following are carcinogens that can possibly cause cancer?
(Choose all that apply)
A. alcohol use
B. asbestos
C. UV radiation from sunlight
D. tobacco use (both smoking and chewing tobacco)
Answer:
all of them apply
A, B, C, and D
Answer:
All of the above can cause cancer in humans.
Explanation:
Heavy alcohol use can lead to liver cancer.
Asbestos can cause cancerous mesothelioma in the lungs.
Overexposure to UV rays in sunlight can cause skin cancer.
Smoking can cause lung cancer and chewing tobacco can cause oral cancer.
sub atomic particles found in protons and neutrons are what?
Answer:
thus , protons and neutrons are no more indivisible than atoms are ; indeed , they contain still smaller particles , which are called quarks . quarks are as small as or smaller than physicists can measure
Explanation: