one thousand dollars is borrowed for one year at an interest rate of % per month. if the same sum of money could be borrowed for the same period at an interest rate of 6% per year, how much could be saved in interest charges?

Answers

Answer 1

The amount saved depends on the value of the monthly interest rate, and if it is greater than 0.5%, then switching to the loan with the annual interest rate would result in savings equal to the difference in interest charges.

To compare the interest charges of two loans with different interest rates and time periods, we need to calculate the total amount of interest paid for each loan. Let's start by calculating the interest charges for the loan with the monthly interest rate.

If the loan amount is $1000 and the interest rate is x% per month, then the interest charged each month would be (1000 * x)/100. The total interest charged over one year would be the sum of the monthly interest charges, which is:

[tex]\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1000x}{100} = \frac{1000x}{100} + \frac{1000x}{100} + \cdots + \frac{1000x}{100} = nx \times 10[/tex] (12 times)

Simplifying this expression, we get:

(1000 × x × 12)/100

Which can be further simplified to:

120x

Now, let's calculate the interest charges for the loan with the 6% per year interest rate. If the loan amount is $1000 and the interest rate is 6% per year, then the total interest charged over one year would be:

(1000 × 6)/100

Which simplifies to:

60

To calculate the amount saved in interest charges, we need to subtract the interest charged for the 6% per year loan from the interest charged for the monthly interest rate loan. That is:

120x - 60

To find the value of x that makes this expression equal to zero, we can set it equal to zero and solve for x:

120x - 60 = 0

120x = 60

x = 0.5

Therefore, if the monthly interest rate is 0.5%, then the interest charged for the monthly interest rate loan and the 6% per year loan would be the same. If the monthly interest rate is higher than 0.5%, then the interest charged for the monthly interest rate loan would be higher than the interest charged for the 6% per year loan, and vice versa.

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Related Questions

assuming a period of normal inflation, which fifo/lifo comparative statement is true? question 4 options: the balance sheet inventory account is larger with lifo the cost of goods sold is smaller with lifo the balance sheet inventory account is smaller using fifo the cost of goods sold account is smaller with fifo

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Expecting a period of typical swelling, the taking after FIFO/LIFO comparative articulation is genuine: The adjusted sheet stock account is bigger with FIFO.

This can be because, beneath FIFO, the most seasoned stock costs are expensed, to begin with, clearing out the later (and ordinarily higher) costs in stock. As a result, the stock esteem on the adjust sheet is for the most part higher beneath FIFO than beneath LIFO.

Then again, the taken toll of products sold account is littler with FIFO, since the most seasoned (and regularly lower) stock costs are expensed to begin with, taking off the later (and ordinarily higher) costs in stock. As a result, the take toll of merchandise sold is for the most part lower beneath FIFO than beneath LIFO. 

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managers can reduce the need for organizational rules and regulations by hiring the right people, providing training, developing management role models, and creating blank systems. multiple choice question. reward rule-based control corporate governance

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Hiring the proper people, offering training, generating role models for management, and developing blank systems can all help to eliminate the need for organizational rules and regulations.

Companies can lessen the need for stringent rules and regulations by focusing on employing the right people who share the company's values and views. Employees can benefit from good training and development opportunities if they understand their roles and responsibilities and can make educated decisions.

Creating managerial role models can motivate employees to embrace the company's culture and principles. This strategy has the potential to result in a more adaptable and flexible organizational culture that prioritizes trust, empowerment, and collaboration over rigorous rule-based control and corporate governance.

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if the firm's beta is 2.1, the risk-free rate is 7%, and the expected return on the market is 14%, then what would be the firm's cost of equity based on the capm approach? round your answer to two decimal places.

Answers

The firm's cost of equity based on the CAPM approach is 21.7% (rounded to two decimal places).

How to calculate firms cost of equity?

To calculate the firm's cost of equity based on the CAPM approach, you need to use the following formula:

Cost of equity
= Risk-free rate + Beta × (Expected return on the market - Risk-free rate)

Given that the firm's beta is 2.1, the risk-free rate is 7%, and the expected return on the market is 14%, you can plug these values into the formula:

Cost of equity = 7% + 2.1 × (14% - 7%)
Step-by-step calculation:
1. Find the difference between the expected return on the market and the risk-free rate: 14% - 7% = 7%
2. Multiply the beta by the result from step 1: 2.1 × 7% = 14.7%
3. Add the risk-free rate to the result from step 2: 7% + 14.7% = 21.7%

Therefore, the firm's cost of equity based on the CAPM approach is 21.7%. Rounded to two decimal places, the answer is 21.70%.

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On 3 February 20XX, the quoted price of the March 20XX 90-day bank bill futures contract was 99.19. John Lowe believed that interest rates would increase over the next month and he entered into four bank bill futures contracts in a position consistent with that view. On 10 February 20XX, he closed out his position at a quoted price of 99.07. Ignoring transaction costs, how much has John Lowe made (or lost)? A) -$294.62 B) $1178.50 C)$998,006.72 D)$294.62 E)None of the above answers is correct.

Answers

On 3 February 20XX, John Lowe entered into four 90-day bank bill futures contracts with a quoted price of 99.19, believing interest rates would increase over the next month. When he closed out his position on 10 February 20XX, the quoted price was 99.07. Correct answer is option E



To calculate the profit or loss, we need to find the difference in the quoted prices and multiply it by the contract size (AUD 1,000,000) and the number of contracts (4).



Difference in quoted prices = 99.19 - 99.07 = 0.12, Each basis point represents 0.01, so the difference in basis points is 0.12 x 100 = 12 basis points. Now, we'll calculate the profit or loss: Profit/Loss = Contract size x Number of contracts x Basis point value x Difference in basis points Profit/Loss = AUD 1,000,000 x 4 x AUD 25 x 12 basis points Profit/Loss = AUD 1,000,000 x 4 x AUD 25 x 0.12, Profit/Loss = AUD 12,000



As John believed interest rates would increase, he would have taken a short position. Since the quoted price decreased from 99.19 to 99.07, John would have made a profit.


Therefore, the correct answer is option E)  

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The price of a commercial paper offering a payoff of
$10,000 is $9,460. If the annualized investment rate is 7.8%, when
does the paper mature?

Answers

The paper matures in about 1.943 years, or approximately 23 months. To solve this problem, we can use the formula for present value of a future payment: Present value = Future value / [tex](1+r)^{n}[/tex], where r is the annualized investment rate and n is the number of years until the payment is received.

In this case, we know that the present value is $9,460 and the future value is $10,000. We also know that r is 7.8% or 0.078 as a decimal. We can plug these values into the formula and solve for n: 9,460 = 10,000 / [tex](1+0.078)^{n}[/tex], 9,460 / 10,000 = [tex](1+0.078)^{n}[/tex], 0.946 = [tex]1.078^{n}[/tex]

Taking the natural logarithm of both sides: ln(0.946) = n ln(1.078), n = ln(0.946) / ln(1.078), n ≈ 1.943 years

Therefore, the paper matures in about 1.943 years, or approximately 23 months.

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Caspian Sea Drinks is considering buying the J-Mix 2000. It will allow them to make and sell more product. The machine cost $1.81 million and create incremental cash flows of $538,260.00 each year for the next five years. The cost of capital is 11.92%. What is the internal rate of return for the J-Mix 2000? Submit Answer format: Porcentage Round to: 2 decimal places (Example: 9.24%, % sign required. Will accept decimal format rounded to 4 decimal places (ex: 0.0924)

Answers

According to the question, the internal rate of return for the J-Mix 2000 is 10.32%.

What is rate of return?

Rate of return is a measure of the profitability of an investment. It is usually expressed in terms of a percentage of the original investment. Rate of return is calculated by taking the gain from an investment and dividing it by the original cost of the investment. It can also be calculated by taking the income from the investment and dividing it by the original cost of the investment.

This is calculated using the formula for internal rate of return: IRR = (C1 / CF0)1/n – 1

Where C1 is the incremental cash flow of $538,260.00, CF0 is the initial investment of $1.81 million, and n is the number of years, which is 5.

IRR = (538,260.00 / 1,810,000)1/5 – 1

IRR = 0.1032

IRR = 10.32%

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currently, the compensation for lost or damage airlines luggage has been negotiated by international agreement and is determined by which currency standard?

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The compensation for lost or damaged airline luggage is determined by international agreement and is usually based on the Special Drawing Right (SDR) currency standard.

International treaties like the Montreal Convention or the Warsaw Convention set the compensation for lost or damaged airline baggage. These conventions set up the airlines' obligations as well as the compensation that passengers are entitled to. The Special Drawing Right (SDR), a monetary unit used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), is typically used to compute the amount of compensation.

A basket of important currencies, including the US dollar, euro, Chinese yuan, Japanese yen, and British pound, is used to determine the SDR's value. For international financial operations and settlements, the SDR serves as the standard.

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Currently, the compensation for lost or damaged airline luggage has been negotiated by international agreement and is determined by the Special Drawing Right (SDR) currency standard.

A global reserve asset developed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the Special Drawing Right (SDR). According to an international agreement, it serves as a benchmark for calculating the compensation for lost or damaged airline luggage. A weighted average of the U.S. dollar, the euro, the Japanese yen, and the British pound make up the SDR. Based on market conditions and exchange rates, its value changes. It promotes uniformity and fairness in compensation for travelers regardless of their place of origin or the currency in which they paid for their airline ticket. The SDR is used as the benchmark for airline luggage compensation. It also gives airlines a reference point to use when deciding how much liability they are ready to accept for lost or damaged luggage.

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(Cost of preferred stock​) The preferred stock of Texas Southern Power Company sells for ​$41 and pays ​$7 in dividends. The net price of the security after issuance costs is ​$36.08 . What is the cost of capital for the preferred​ stock?

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The cost of capital for Texas Southern Power Company's preferred stock is approximately 29.07%.

To determine the cost of capital for Texas Southern Power Company's preferred stock, we need to consider the dividend paid, the selling price, and the net price after issuance costs. Let's follow these steps:

1. First, we need to calculate the dividend yield, which is the annual dividend divided by the stock's selling price. In this case, the dividend is $7, and the selling price is $41:

Dividend Yield = Dividend / Selling Price = $7 / $41 ≈ 0.1707 or 17.07%

2. Next, we need to account for the issuance costs. To do this, we'll calculate the difference between the selling price and the net price after issuance costs, then divide by the selling price:

Issuance Cost Percentage = (Selling Price - Net Price) / Selling Price = ($41 - $36.08) / $41 ≈ 0.1200 or 12%

3. Finally, we'll adjust the dividend yield to account for the issuance costs. This will give us the cost of capital for the preferred stock:

Cost of Capital = Dividend Yield + Issuance Cost Percentage = 17.07% + 12% = 29.07%

Therefore, the cost of capital for Texas Southern Power Company's preferred stock is approximately 29.07%. This value represents the required return on investment for investors who purchase the preferred stock, taking into consideration the dividend payments and the costs associated with issuing the stock.

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calculate the benefit-cost ratio of the incremental cash flow. which machine provides the best option for the company?

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To calculate the benefit-cost ratio, we need to divide the total present value of benefits by the total present value of costs. The company should choose Machine B over Machine A.

In this case, the benefit-cost ratio for Machine A is:

Benefit-Cost Ratio = (PV of Cash Inflows for Machine A) / (PV of Cash Outflows for Machine A)

Benefit-Cost Ratio = ($[tex]60,000[/tex] + $[tex]75,000[/tex] + $[tex]90,000[/tex]) / ($[tex]100,000[/tex])

Benefit-Cost Ratio = $[tex]225,000[/tex] / $[tex]100,000[/tex]

Benefit-Cost Ratio = [tex]2.25[/tex]

Similarly, the benefit-cost ratio for Machine B is: Benefit-Cost Ratio = (PV of Cash Inflows for Machine B) / (PV of Cash Outflows for Machine B)

Benefit-Cost Ratio = ($[tex]100,000[/tex] + $[tex]120,000[/tex] + $[tex]150,000[/tex]) / ($[tex]130,000[/tex])

Benefit-Cost Ratio = $[tex]370,000[/tex] / $[tex]130,000[/tex]

Benefit-Cost Ratio = [tex]2.85[/tex]

Since the benefit-cost ratio for Machine B is higher than that for Machine A, it provides a better option for the company. This means that for every dollar invested in Machine B, the company can expect to receive $2.85 in benefits. Therefore,

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Consider a firm that has EPS of $5 at the end of the first year, a dividend-payout ratio of 30-percent, a discount rate of 16-percent, and a return on retained earnings of 20-percent. The firm retains some of its earnings each year and it is selecting growth opportunities each year.
• Calculate the price of stock by using NPVGO model

Answers

The stock price using the NPVGO model is $89.00 per share.

The NPVGO model is used to value a company's growth opportunities. It is calculated as the net present value (NPV) of the company's future growth opportunities, divided by the number of outstanding shares.

To calculate the NPV of the growth opportunities, we need to calculate the present value of the expected future earnings that will be generated by the growth opportunities, and subtract the cost of the investment required to generate those earnings.

The growth rate of earnings is assumed to be constant over time.

The formula for NPVGO is:

NPVGO = (ROE - r) x b x EPS / (r - g)

where ROE is the return on retained earnings, r is the discount rate, b is the retention ratio (1 - dividend payout ratio), EPS is the earnings per share, and g is the expected growth rate.

In this case, EPS = $5, the dividend payout ratio is 30%, so the retention ratio is 70%, ROE is 20%, and r is 16%.

To calculate g, we can use the sustainable growth rate formula:

g = ROE x b

g = 20% x 70%

g = 14%

So, g = 14%.

Now we can calculate NPVGO:

NPVGO = (ROE - r) x b x EPS / (r - g)

NPVGO = (20% - 16%) x 0.7 x $5 / (16% - 14%)

NPVGO = 0.08 x $3.50 / 0.02

NPVGO = $14.00

So, the NPV of the growth opportunities is $14.00 per share.

To calculate the price of the stock using the NPVGO model, we need to add the present value of the expected future dividends to the NPV of the growth opportunities, and divide by the number of outstanding shares.

The formula for stock price using the NPVGO model is:

Stock price = (NPVGO + PV of expected dividends) / number of shares

To calculate the present value of expected dividends, we can use the dividend discount model:

PV of expected dividends = D1 / (r - g)

where D1 is the expected dividend per share in the next period, r is the discount rate, and g is the expected growth rate.

In this case, D1 = 30% x $5 = $1.50 per share.

PV of expected dividends = $1.50 / (16% - 14%)

PV of expected dividends = $75.00 per share

Now we can calculate the stock price using the NPVGO model:

Stock price = (NPVGO + PV of expected dividends) / number of shares

Stock price = ($14.00 + $75.00) / 1

Stock price = $89.00 per share

Therefore, the stock price using the NPVGO model is $89.00 per share.

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bonds accrue interest until they have been repaid on or before the ______ date.

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Bonds continue to earn interest until they are paid off on the bond maturity date or earlier. The first day of any interest rate period and each interest payment date that follows, excluding the final interest payment date, are referred to as the "Interest Accrual Date."

Interest starts to accrue when a loan is made or a bond's coupon is paid. A bond is a type of debt obligation in which the lender, or owner, is compensated with interest payments. The coupons for this interest are normally paid every six months. Savings bonds produce monthly interest. The bond's interest rate is applied to a fresh principal amount every six months because interest is compounded semiannually.

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Bonds accrue interest until they have been repaid on or before the  maturity date.

The maturity date refers to the moment in time when the principal of a fixed income instrument must be repaid to an investor. The maturity date likewise refers to the due date on which a borrower must pay back an installment loan in full.

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The basic models of acquisition include a corporation acquiring a target corporation's: (Check all that apply.)
A. stock.
B. assets.
C. cash.
D. debt.

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A. stock and B. assets are the basic models of acquisition that a corporation can acquire from a target corporation. C. cash and D. debt are not typically acquired in an acquisition,

as cash is a liquid asset that the target corporation may need to continue operating, and debt is a liability that the acquiring corporation would not want to take on. Based on your question, the basic models of acquisition for a corporation acquiring a target corporation include:
A. stock.
B. assets.
These two options are commonly involved in acquisitions. A corporation can either acquire the target corporation's stock, giving them ownership and control, or they can acquire the target's assets, which can include property, equipment, and intellectual property. While cash and debt can be involved in acquisition transactions, they are not considered basic models of acquisition.

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A. stock and B. assets are the basic models of acquisition that a corporation can acquire from a target corporation. C. cash and D. debt are not typically acquired in an acquisition,

As cash is a liquid asset that the target corporation may need to continue operating, and debt is a liability that the acquiring corporation would not want to take on. Based on your question, the basic models of acquisition for a corporation acquiring a target corporation include:

A. stock.

B. assets.

These two options are commonly involved in acquisitions. A corporation can either acquire the target corporation's stock, giving them ownership and control, or they can acquire the target's assets, which can include property, equipment, and intellectual property. While cash and debt can be involved in acquisition transactions, they are not considered basic models of acquisition.

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Activity Description Each student needs to select a local or regional (GCC) entrepreneurial business project and discuss the followings: Each student is requested to complete the following tasks: - Select a local or regional (GCC) entrepreneurial business project Conduct a brief summary of the business Entrepreneur background (Personal Characteristics). Develop the business main constraints and challenges. Analyze the business opportunities. Link theories to practice and own suggestions to improve. Use supporting diagrams.

Answers

The activity description requires students to select an entrepreneurial business project from the local or regional (GCC) area and complete a series of tasks.

Firstly, they are required to conduct a brief summary of the business, including information about the entrepreneur's background and personal characteristics.

Secondly, they need to identify and develop the main constraints and challenges faced by the business.

Thirdly, they must analyze the business opportunities that exist within the chosen industry or market.

Fourthly, they must link theories to practice and provide their own suggestions for how the business could improve.

Finally, they are requested to use supporting diagrams to help illustrate their findings.

This assignment provides an excellent opportunity for students to gain a deeper understanding of entrepreneurship, and to develop their critical thinking and analytical skills by applying theoretical concepts to real-world situations.

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Q2what value had freshippo created for its customers

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Freshippo's emphasis on high-quality products, convenience, and innovative use of technology has helped to create significant value for its customers, which has contributed to its rapid growth and success in the highly competitive Chinese retail market.

How Freshippo has created significant value for its customers?

Freshippo, also known as Hema, has created significant value for its customers by revolutionizing the grocery shopping experience in China through the integration of online and offline channels, offering high-quality products, and providing convenient and fast delivery options.

One of the key value propositions of Freshippo is its emphasis on fresh and high-quality products, which are sourced directly from producers and suppliers, and delivered to stores on a daily basis. This allows customers to purchase fresh products that are often cheaper than those found in traditional supermarkets.

Another major value proposition is the integration of online and offline channels, which allows customers to shop for groceries online and have them delivered to their doorstep within 30 minutes, or pick them up at the store. This is particularly appealing to time-pressed urban consumers, who value convenience and fast service.

Moreover, Freshippo has also created value for its customers through its innovative use of technology, such as mobile payment systems and facial recognition technology, which simplifies the payment process and enhances security.

Overall, Freshippo's emphasis on high-quality products, convenience, and innovative use of technology has helped to create significant value for its customers, which has contributed to its rapid growth and success in the highly competitive Chinese retail market.

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Question 3 (13 marks) a. The maturity of a futures contract on a stock market index is 1 year. The multiplier for the futures contract $50. The current level of the index is 30,000. The risk-free rate is 0.5% per month and dividend yield on the stock market index is 0.3% per month. The initial margin requirement is 10%. i. What is the parity value of the futures price now? (3 marks) ii. Assume the futures contract is fairly priced. How much initial margin you need to deposit if you long 1 contract? (2 marks) iii. Calculate the two-month holding-period return for your long position in the futures contract if the stock market index increases to 31,000 two months later. Assume the futures contract keeps being priced fairly. (5 marks) b. William sells six July futures contracts on coffee. Each contract is for the delivery of 37,500 pounds. The current futures price is $2.2565 per pound. The initial margin is $9,900 per contract and the maintenance margin is $9,000 per contract. What is the futures price per pound that would lead a margin call? (3 marks)

Answers

A(i) The parity value of the futures price now is $30,303.03.

  (ii)  You would need to deposit 10% of $1,500,000, which is $150,000, as initial margin.

  (iii) The holding-period return is 0.0128 or 1.28%.

B) The futures price per pound falls to -$1.18, a margin call would be triggered.

i.F = S0 * e^((r-d)*T)where F is the futures price, S0 is the current spot price of the index, r is the risk-free rate, d is the dividend yield, and T is the time to maturity of the futures contract in years.

In this case, F = S0 * e^((r-d)*T) = 30,000 * e^((0.005-0.003)*1) = 30,303.03.Therefore, the parity value of the futures price now is $30,303.03.

ii. The initial margin requirement is 10% of the contract value, which is $50 * 30,000 = $1,500,000. Therefore, if you long 1 contract, you would need to deposit 10% of $1,500,000, which is $150,000, as initial margin.

iii. The two-month holding-period return for a long position in the futures contract can be calculated using the formula:

HPR = (F1 - F0 + D) / (F0 + IM)

where HPR is the holding-period return, F1 is the futures price at the end of the holding period, F0 is the initial futures price, D is the total dividend received during the holding period, and IM is the initial margin.

In this case, F0 = 30,303.03, F1 = 31,000, D = 0.003 * 2 * 30,000 = $1,800, and IM = $150,000.

Therefore, the holding-period return is:

HPR = (31,000 - 30,303.03 + 1,800) / (30,303.03 + 150,000) = 0.0128 or 1.28%.

b. To calculate the futures price per pound that would lead to a margin call, we need to use the formula:

F = (MM - V) / Q

where F is the futures price per pound that would lead to a margin call, MM is the maintenance margin per contract, V is the value of the contract, and Q is the quantity of the underlying asset per contract.

In this case, MM = $9,000, V = $2.2565 * 37,500 = $84,468.75, and Q = 37,500. Therefore,

F = (9,000 - 84,468.75) / 37,500 = -$1.18 per pound.

This means that if the futures price per pound falls to -$1.18, a margin call would be triggered. However, it's worth noting that futures prices cannot be negative in reality, and this is only a theoretical calculation based on the formula.

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A fully amortizing loan has a monthly payment of $1,803. If the interest rate is fixed at 4.75% and the amortization period is 20 years, what is the original loan amount (round to the nearest dollar)?

Answers

This fully amortizing loan has a $279,459 initial loan balance.

To calculate the original loan amount for a fully amortizing loan with a monthly payment of $1,803, fixed interest rate of 4.75%, and a 20-year amortization period, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:

PV = PMT x ((1 - (1 + r/n)^(-nt)) / (r/n))

Where:

PV = Present value or original loan amount

PMT = Monthly payment

r = Annual interest rate

n = Number of compounding periods per year

t = Total number of payments

Plugging in the given values, we get:

PV = $1,803 x ((1 - 0.384615) / 0.00395833)

PV = $1,803 x (0.615385 / 0.00395833)

PV = $279,458.68

Rounding to the nearest dollar, the original loan amount for this fully amortizing loan is $279,459.

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although cotton was central to the southern economy by the 1850s, cotton production did not really increase significantly between 1800 and 1850.

Answers

Cotton was central to the Southern economy by the 1850s, but its production did not increase significantly between 1800 and 1850.

By the middle of the 19th century, cotton had become a significant economic force in the south of the United States, although the first half of the century saw little growth in the crop's output. Despite the introduction of new technology and the extension of cotton farming into new areas, the rate of output increase generally remained modest.

This was caused in part by restrictions on the amount of land, labour, and money that could be used as well as changes in the demand for cotton on a worldwide scale. The growth of cotton farming in the South throughout the second half of the 19th century, however, had a significant impact on American history and society.

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False. Despite cotton's importance to the Southern economy in the 1850s, its production did not significantly increase between 1800 and 1850, with most of the expansion occurring after 1850.

The production of cotton did not greatly rise between 1800 and 1850, despite cotton being an essential component of the Southern economy in the middle of the 19th century. In actuality, the growth in cotton output in the South began mostly after 1850 and was fueled by the rising demand for cotton in the North and in Europe's textile mills. Although the cotton gin's development in the late 18th century simplified cotton processing, it did not necessarily result in a material rise in output. The expansion of cotton production in the South was influenced by a number of additional factors, including land accessibility, labor supply, and transportation infrastructure.

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You have just received a windfall from an investment you made in a friend's business. She will be paying you $45,056 at the end of this year. $90,112 at the end of next year, and $135,168 at the end of the year after that three years from today). The interest rate is 12.1% per year. a. What is the present value of your windfall? b. What is the future value of your windfall in three years (on the date of the last payment)?

Answers

a. The present value of the windfall is $200,321.68. b. The future value of the windfall in three years is $379,125.48.

a. To calculate the present value of the windfall, we need to discount each of the future payments back to the present using the given interest rate of 12.1%.

Using the formula for present value of a single payment, we get:

PV1 = 45,056 / (1 + 0.121)¹ = $40,250.44

PV2 = 90,112 / (1 + 0.121)² = $67,230.53

PV3 = 135,168 / (1 + 0.121)³ = $92,840.71

Therefore, the present value of the windfall is:

PV = PV1 + PV2 + PV3

= $40,250.44 + $67,230.53 + $92,840.71 = $200,321.68

b. To calculate the future value of the windfall in three years, we can simply add up the future payments and compound them for three years using the same interest rate of 12.1%.

Using the formula for the future value of a series of payments, we get:

FV = 45,056 x (1 + 0.121)² + 90,112 x (1 + 0.121)¹ + 135,168

= $379,125.48

Therefore, the future value of the windfall in three years is $379,125.48.

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You bought 1,000 shares of Altona Ltd 5 years ago. Over the years you have attended the annual general meetings and carefully read through Altona Ltd’s financial statements. While you have been generally satisfied with the amount of annual dividends, recently you have become a little concerned with declining share prices. You became particularly alarmed when media published several photos showing Altona management’s Hawaiian management retreats. Taking into consideration the management behaviour critically discuss the relationship between a corporation’s shareholders and management. Analyse the problems and costs related to this relationship and explain with example how a company may structure management compensation to mitigate such costs.

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Problems and costs related to this relationship include conflicts of interest and impact on the company's reputation. Companies may design management compensation in a way that aligns it with shareholders' interests in order to reduce these costs. They might, for instance, link executive compensation to performance measures.

The relationship between a corporation's shareholders and management is an important one that can significantly impact the performance and success of the company. In this case, the declining share prices and management's behaviour at Hawaiian retreats are cause for concern.
Shareholders entrust management with their investment and expect them to act in the best interest of the company and its shareholders. However, when management engages in lavish spending and fails to prioritize shareholder value, it can lead to a breakdown in trust and a decline in share prices.
One problem related to this relationship is the potential for conflicts of interest. For example, management may prioritize their own compensation and benefits over the needs of shareholders. This can lead to a misalignment of interests and a lack of focus on long-term company performance.
Another cost related to this relationship is the impact on the company's reputation. When management engages in behaviour that is perceived as excessive or inappropriate, it can damage the company's brand and make it less attractive to investors and customers.
To mitigate these costs, companies may structure management compensation in a way that aligns their interests with those of shareholders. For example, they may tie executive compensation to performance metrics such as earnings per share or return on investment. This incentivizes management to focus on long-term growth and profitability rather than short-term gains.
In addition, companies can establish strong governance practices, including independent board oversight and regular reporting and disclosure, to ensure that management is accountable to shareholders and acting in their best interest.

Overall, the relationship between a corporation's shareholders and management is critical to the success of the company. By prioritizing transparency, accountability, and alignment of interests, companies can foster a positive and productive relationship that benefits both shareholders and management.

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which of the following is a disadvantage of a sole proprietorship? multiple choice entrenched management. double taxation. unlimited liability. excessive regulation.

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The disadvantage of a sole proprietorship is unlimited liability. Option B is correct.

Unlimited liability means that the owner of a sole proprietorship is personally responsible for all debts and legal obligations of the business. This means that if the business incurs a debt that it cannot pay, the owner's personal assets can be seized to satisfy the debt. This puts the owner at risk of losing personal assets such as a house, car, or savings, and can create a significant financial burden for the owner.

Entrenched management, double taxation, and excessive regulation are not disadvantages of a sole proprietorship. Entrenched management refers to a situation where top management has too much power and cannot be easily replaced, but this is not a relevant concern for a sole proprietorship where the owner is also the sole manager.

Double taxation refers to a tax on both corporate profits and dividends to shareholders, but this does not apply to sole proprietorships since they are not separate legal entities from the owner. Excessive regulation can be a concern for businesses in general, but sole proprietorships are typically subject to less regulation than larger corporations. Option B is correct.

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Multiple Choice Questions1. The primary aim of many hedge funds is to:a) Increase exposure to foreign investments.b) Minimize risk and deliver positive returns under all marketconditions.c) Avoid cumbersome regulation.d) Generate the highest return possible.2. Assets within a hedged structure of a long/short equity fund are ideally:a) Exposed to stock picking risk only.b) Exposed to both stock picking and market risk.c) Exposed to market risk only.d) Risk-free.

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1. The primary aim of many hedge funds is to b. minimize risk and deliver positive returns under all market conditions. 2. Assets within a hedged structure of a long/short equity fund are ideally to a. expose the assets within the fund to stock picking risk.

Hedge funds employ various strategies and techniques, such as short-selling and using derivatives, to achieve this goal. Their main objective is to generate consistent returns regardless of the overall market performance, thus providing a level of protection for investors during market downturns.

This type of fund combines long positions in undervalued stocks with short positions in overvalued stocks, seeking to profit from both. By taking both long and short positions, the fund can potentially achieve positive returns irrespective of the market conditions, as the long positions will benefit from the increase in stock prices while the short positions will profit from the decrease in stock prices. This strategy allows the fund to be less exposed to overall market risk and focus on identifying and capitalizing on individual stock opportunities.

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b) Leigh Delight Candy Berhad is choosing between two bonds in which to invest their cash. One is being offered from Hershey's and will mature in 15 years and pay RM40 each quarter. The other alternative is a Mars' bond that will mature in 18 years and pay RM50 each quarter. Compute the present value of each bond if the discount rate is 12% compounded quarterly, and each bond pays RM1,000 at maturity.

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Leigh Delight Candy Berhad should invest in the Mars' bond as it has a higher present value than the Hershey's bond at a 12% quarterly compounded discount rate. The present value of the Hershey's bond is RM2,536.74 and the present value of the Mars' bond is RM2,892.01.

What is the present value of Hershey's and Mars' bonds and which one should Leigh Delight Candy Berhad invest in?

To compute the present value of each bond, we can use the formula:

PV = (C/r) x [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)]

Where PV is the present value, C is the coupon payment per quarter, r is the discount rate per quarter, and n is the number of quarters until maturity.

For the Hershey's bond, C = RM40, r = 0.03 (12%/4), n = 60 (15 years x 4 quarters per year). Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

PV = (40/0.03) x [1 - (1 + 0.03)^(-60)]
PV = RM2,536.74

So the present value of the Hershey's bond is RM2,536.74.

For the Mars' bond, C = RM50, r = 0.03, n = 72 (18 years x 4 quarters per year). Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

PV = (50/0.03) x [1 - (1 + 0.03)^(-72)]
PV = RM2,892.01

So the present value of the Mars' bond is RM2,892.01.

Therefore, if Leigh Delight Candy Berhad is choosing between these two bonds, they should invest in the Mars' bond as it has a higher present value than the Hershey's bond at a 12% quarterly compounded discount rate.

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which of the following are relative measures of sales and profits? (choose every correct answer.) multiple select question. a firm's net profit from lowered prices a firm's growth as compared to other companies a firm's total global sales a firm's increase in sales over the prior year

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The relative measures of sales and profits are B. a firm's growth as compared to other companies and D. a firm's increase in sales over the prior year.

Relative measures of sales and profits compare a company's performance to a benchmark, such as industry standards or the performance of other companies. Option B, a firm's growth as compared to other companies, is a relative measure as it involves comparing a company's growth to the growth of its competitors or industry peers. This helps to evaluate a company's performance within its market and industry context.

Option D, a firm's increase in sales over the prior year, is also a relative measure as it compares a company's current sales to its own past performance. This enables the assessment of the company's growth trajectory and can help identify trends or changes in its business performance over time.

Options A and C are not relative measures. Option A, a firm's net profit from lowered prices, is an absolute measure as it indicates a specific amount of profit and does not involve any comparison to other companies or benchmarks. Option C, a firm's total global sales, is also an absolute measure, as it represents the total sales generated by the company without any comparison to other entities or benchmarks. Therefore, the correct option is B. and D.

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which of the following are relative measures of sales and profits? (choose every correct answer.) multiple select question.

A. a firm's net profit from lowered prices

B. a firm's growth as compared to other companies

C. a firm's total global sales

D. a firm's increase in sales over the prior year

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the external entity from whom an organization purchases inventory and raw materials is called a . (check all that apply.)

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The external entity from whom an organization purchases inventory and raw materials is called a supplier or vendor.

A supplier or vendor is a company or individual that provides goods or services to another company or organization. In the context of inventory and raw materials, a supplier is a company that supplies the necessary materials for an organization to produce its products or deliver its services.

These materials may include raw materials, components, parts, or finished goods. The relationship between a supplier and an organization is typically governed by a contract or purchase agreement, which specifies the terms and conditions of the transaction, including price, quantity, quality, and delivery schedule.

Effective supplier management is critical to the success of an organization, as it ensures a reliable and cost-effective supply of materials and helps to maintain quality and consistency in the production process.

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air destinations issues a bond due in 10 years with a stated interest rate of 6% and a face amount of $500,000. interest payments are made semiannually. the market rate for this type of bond is 5%. what is the issue price of the bond (rounded to nearest whole dollar)

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Based on the provided informations, the issue price of the bond is calculated to be $430,204, ( nearest whole dollar ).

To calculate the issue price of the bond, we need to find the present value of the future cash flows from the bond, which include the semiannual interest payments and the face amount at maturity.

Calculate the semiannual interest payment:

Interest rate = 6% / 2 = 3% per half-year

Semiannual interest payment = 3% x $500,000 = $15,000

Calculate the number of semiannual periods:

Number of semiannual periods = 10 years x 2 = 20 semiannual periods

Calculate the present value of the semiannual interest payments using the formula for the present value of an annuity:

PV of semiannual interest payments = $15,000 x (1 - 1/(1 + 5%/2)^20) / (5%/2) = $207,223.26

Calculate the present value of the face amount using the formula for the present value of a single amount:

PV of face amount = $500,000 / (1 + 5%/2)^20 = $222,980.94

Calculate the issue price of the bond by adding the present values of the interest payments and face amount:

Issue price = $207,223.26 + $222,980.94 = $430,204.20

Therefore, the issue price of the bond is $430,204, rounded to the nearest whole dollar.

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collins manufacturing has the following information: common stock is 2.5 million shares with a current price of $42 per share; the beta of the stock is 1.5; the standard deviation of the stock is 10.5%. market: the us treasury bill is yielding 2.8% and the expected return on the market is 10.8%. the corporate tax rate is 38%. what is the firm's expected return on equity?

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The Collins Manufacturing's expected return on equity is 14.8%.

To find the expected return on equity for Collins Manufacturing, we'll use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The information given is as follows:

1. Common stock: 2.5 million shares at $42 per share
2. Beta of the stock: 1.5
3. Standard deviation of the stock: 10.5%
4. US Treasury Bill yield: 2.8%
5. Expected return on the market: 10.8%
6. Corporate tax rate: 38%

Now, let's apply the CAPM formula:

Expected return on equity = Risk-free rate + (Beta × (Expected market return - Risk-free rate))

In order to calculate the expected return on equity, follow these steps:

1: Identify the risk-free rate, which is the US Treasury Bill yield: 2.8%

2: Subtract the risk-free rate from the expected market return: 10.8% - 2.8% = 8%

3: Multiply the result by the stock's beta: 1.5 × 8% = 12%

4: Add the risk-free rate to the result from step 3: 2.8% + 12% = 14.8%

The firm's expected return on equity is 14.8%.

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Rocket corp has 100 bonds outstanding. The bonds are annual coupon bonds with a face value of $1000, a coupon rate of 6.4%, and 11 years unti the bond matures. If the YTM of the bonds is 7.5%, what is the total market value of the bonds for Rocket cor

Answers

To find the total market value of the 100 bonds outstanding for Rocket Corp, we need to first calculate the present value of each bond, considering the given parameters: face value of $1000, coupon rate of 6.4%, 11 years until maturity, and a YTM of 7.5%.

Step 1: Calculate the annual coupon payment


Coupon payment = (Face value * Coupon rate) = $1000 * 6.4% = $64

Step 2: Calculate the present value of coupon payments (PV of annuity)


PV of annuity = (Coupon payment * (1 - (1 + YTM)^-years)) / YTM


PV of annuity = ($64 * (1 - (1 + 7.5%)^-11)) / 7.5% ≈ $504.50

Step 3: Calculate the present value of face value (PV of face value)


PV of face value = Face value / (1 + YTM)^years


PV of face value = $1000 / (1 + 7.5%)^11 ≈ $419.20

Step 4: Calculate the market value of each bond


Market value of each bond = PV of annuity + PV of face value


Market value of each bond = $504.50 + $419.20 ≈ $923.70

Step 5: Calculate the total market value of all bonds


Total market value of bonds = Number of bonds * Market value of each bond
Total market value of bonds = 100 * $923.70 ≈ $92,370

Thus, " the total market value of the 100 bonds outstanding for Rocket Corp is approximately $92,370."

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burke's corner currently sells blue jeans and t-shirts. management is considering adding fleece tops to its inventory to provide a cooler weather option. the tops would sell for $46 each with expected sales of 4,650 tops annually. by adding the fleece tops, management feels the firm will sell an additional 320 pairs of jeans at $58 a pair and 455 fewer t-shirts at $19 each. the variable cost per unit is $29 on the jeans, $9 on the t-shirts, and $24 on the fleece tops. with the new item, the depreciation expense is $26,000 a year and the fixed costs are $79,500 annually. the tax rate is 24 percent. what is the project's operating cash flow?

Answers

Burke's corner currently sells blue jeans and t-shirts and the project's operating cash flow is $27,010.80.

How to find the project's operating cash flow

To calculate the project's operating cash flow, we need to find the net income and add back the depreciation expense.

First, let's calculate the revenues and variable costs for each item:

Fleece tops revenue: 4,650 tops * $46 = $213,700

Fleece tops variable cost: 4,650 tops * $24 = $111,600

Additional jeans revenue: 320 pairs * $58 = $18,560

Additional jeans variable cost: 320 pairs * $29 = $9,280

Reduced t-shirts revenue: 455 shirts * $19 = $8,645

Reduced t-shirts variable cost: 455 shirts * $9 = $4,095

Now, let's find the net income:

Total revenue: $213,700 (fleece tops) + $18,560 (jeans) - $8,645 (t-shirts) = $223,615

Total variable cost: $111,600 (fleece tops) + $9,280 (jeans) - $4,095 (t-shirts) = $116,785

Total fixed cost: $79,500

Depreciation expense: $26,000

Operating income (before taxes): $223,615 - $116,785 - $79,500 - $26,000 = $1,330

Taxes: $1,330 * 24% = $319.20

Net income: $1,330 - $319.20 = $1,010.80

Operating cash flow:

Net income + Depreciation expense = $1,010.80 + $26,000 = $27,010.80

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parallel pricing-the tendency for companies in an industry to move prices more or less simultaneously-is typically an indicator of:

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Parallel pricing, which is the tendency for companies in an industry to move prices more or less simultaneously, is typically an indicator of market competition and the use of similar pricing strategies among competitors.

Companies may change their prices in an attempt to preserve their share of the market and profitability based on pricing decisions made by their rivals. However, this can lead to price wars and decreased profitability for all companies involved. Therefore, it is important for companies to carefully consider their pricing strategies and competitive environment to avoid engaging in parallel pricing.

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Human Capital theory suggests that everyones income reflects individual choices about investments in education and training.
True False

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Human Capital theory suggests that an individual's income is not solely determined by their skills and abilities but also by their investments in education and training. This theory is based on the idea that individuals can enhance their productivity and earning potential by investing in themselves, such as acquiring new skills, knowledge, and experience.

These investments in oneself are often referred to as "Human Capital".

According to this theory, the content loaded into an individual's Human Capital has a direct impact on their income. An individual who has invested in a specialized skill set or advanced education is likely to earn more than someone who hasn't invested as much time or resources in their own development.

However, it's important to note that this theory does not suggest that everyone has equal access to education and training opportunities. In fact, individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds often face barriers to obtaining the education and training necessary to develop their Human Capital.

Furthermore, the choices an individual makes regarding their investments in Human Capital are influenced by a variety of factors, such as their socioeconomic status, cultural background, and personal preferences. Therefore, the theory acknowledges that there are limitations to an individual's ability to invest in themselves.

Overall, the Human Capital theory highlights the importance of investing in oneself to increase earning potential, but also recognizes that individual choices are not made in a vacuum and are influenced by various external factors.

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