only a change in the price level can cause a movement from one point to another point along a given aggregate demand curve. (True or False)

The management of the company and are not entitled to vote on corporate matters, which is more similar to the characteristics of equity.

The characteristic "failure to pay a preferred dividend does not send the firm into bankruptcy" is consistent with debt, while "usually has no voting rights" is consistent with equity.

This is because the obligation to pay preferred dividends is similar to the obligation to pay interest on debt, and failure to do so can result in default. Therefore, the obligation to pay preferred dividends is more similar to the characteristics of debt.

On the other hand, the lack of voting rights is a common feature of equity, as it reflects the ownership interest of shareholders. Preferred shareholders, like common shareholders.

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The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) that makes the NPV equal to zero, for the diet drink project needs to be calculated based on cash flows and the WACC. This measure will determine the project's profitability.

To find the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for the project, we need to calculate the cash flows for each year and then determine the discount rate that makes the net present value (NPV) of these cash flows equal to zero.

Let's calculate the cash flows:

Initial Investment:

Annual Cash Flows:

Year 10:

Sale of equipment: $2.00 million

Now, we can calculate the IRR using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software. The IRR is the discount rate that sets the NPV of the cash flows to zero. We will use an estimated rate to find the approximate IRR.

Let's assume a discount rate of 12% as the first estimation:

Calculating the present value (PV) of the cash flows:

[tex]PV = Sum of ([/tex][tex]Cash Flow /[/tex] [tex](1 + 0.12)^n)[/tex]

for n = 1 to 10 + Year 10 Cash Flow

Using the estimated discount rate of 12%, the present value (PV) of the cash flows is:

[tex]PV = -26.28 million + [(9.08 million - 2.45 million - (0.17 \times (9.08 million - 2.45 million) \times 0.27)) / (1 + 0.12)] + [(9.08 million - 2.45 million - (0.17 \times (9.08 million - 2.45 million) \times 0.27)) / (1 + 0.12)^2] + ... + [(9.08 million - 2.45 million - (0.17 \times (9.08 million - 2.45 million) \times 0.27)) / (1 + 0.12)^{10}] + 2.00 million / (1 + 0.12)^{10}[/tex]

Now, we can adjust the discount rate until the NPV is approximately zero. By trying different discount rates, we can find the one that makes the NPV closest to zero.

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Group cohesiveness can have its disadvantages despite being essential in group dynamics. The disadvantages of group cohesiveness include: (A) decreased productivity.

When members of a group become too comfortable with each other, they tend to engage in socializing activities, which can lead to decreased work output. As a result, tasks and projects take longer to complete, affecting overall productivity. Another disadvantage is that increased group cohesiveness can lead to resistance to change. Members may be resistant to any changes in their work environment, which can hinder organizational growth and development. This can also cause conflict with other work groups in the organization, as the cohesive group may be reluctant to work with other teams that have different perspectives or ways of doing things.
Additionally, group cohesiveness can lead to increased employee turnover. Members may feel a sense of loyalty to the group, which may make it difficult for them to leave even if they are unhappy with their job or work environment. This can lead to a lack of diversity and new ideas within the group, which can affect the overall performance.
Lastly, group cohesiveness can lead to increased absenteeism, as members may feel pressure to conform to the group's norms and values, including taking time off work. This can lead to increased workload for other team members, further impacting productivity.
In summary, while group cohesiveness is important, it is essential to strike a balance to avoid its negative consequences. Organizations need to create an environment that encourages productivity, change, and diversity to foster a healthy work culture.

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The Scrum master should listen actively, facilitate the discussion, collaborate with the team.

If a member of the development team expresses their concerns to the Scrum Master about system performance issues of specific backlog items, the Scrum Master should take the following actions:

Listen actively: The Scrum Master should actively listen to the concerns raised by the development team member and encourage them to share more information about the specific issues they have observed.

Facilitate the discussion: The Scrum Master should facilitate a discussion with the rest of the development team and the Product Owner to understand the impact of the performance issues on the product and the project timeline.

Collaborate with the team: The Scrum Master should work with the development team to identify the root causes of the performance issues and find possible solutions to address them.

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True - Brands Inc or Yum! operates under a centralized organizational hierarchy. Option B - The cost of living in the country is higher than that of Bulgaria, since the country's revised GDP is higher than that of Bulgaria after being adjusted for PPP.

Yum! Brands Inc., an American Fast Food Corporation listed on the Fortune 1000, operates well-known brands like Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and KFC. Each individual chain maintains its unique branding and business hierarchy, allowing them to make independent decisions.

Regarding the government of Macondo, it is likely that they have a totalitarian political system due to the restrictions on public criticism and extreme measures taken to punish critics.

As for the GDP per capita scenario, if a country's GDP per capita is lower than Bulgaria's but higher when adjusted for PPP, it suggests that the cost of living in the country is lower than that of Bulgaria.

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The cumulative breadth for each day, in millions, is Day 1: 194; Day 2: -134; Day 3: -210; Day 4: -683; Day 5: -1,269; Day 6: -5; Day 7: 388; Day 8: 568; Day 9: 694; Day 10: 694.

Cumulative Frequency Distribution Is a list that contains cumulative frequencies, if you want to know the number of observations that are above or below a certain value.

The cumulative breadth values for each day, calculated using the given data:

Therefore, the cumulative breadth for each day, in millions, is as follows:

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Wars and terrorism can have significant impacts on businesses, particularly in terms of increased organizational costs.

For example, businesses may face higher insurance premiums, as insurers charge more to cover the increased risk of terrorist attacks. Additionally, companies may need to invest in additional security measures, such as hiring security guards or installing cameras, which can be costly. Supply chains may also be disrupted, as transportation routes and facilities become targets for attacks. This can lead to increased transportation costs or delays, as businesses seek out alternative routes or modes of transport. Finally, businesses may face increased legal and regulatory compliance costs, as governments enact new laws and regulations in response to terrorist threats. All of these factors can contribute to higher organizational costs for businesses, reducing profitability and making it harder to compete in the marketplace.

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Answer:

The description that best reflects the strategy "tap into fandoms" is B) People who love the Star Wars films flock to the opening of the new Star Wars theme park. This strategy involves targeting a specific group of fans who are passionate about a particular brand, franchise, or cultural phenomenon, and creating products, services, or experiences that appeal directly to their interests and values. In this case, the Star Wars theme park is designed to cater to the fandom of the Star Wars movies by offering immersive experiences and attractions that allow fans to feel like they are a part of the Star Wars universe.

Explanation:

The statement that best reflects an agency theory perspective of corporate governance is : "In large corporations, we typically find a separation between ownership and control in the corporation." The correct option is B

Agency theory is centered around the relationship between principals (shareholders) and agents (managers).

In large corporations, shareholders usually delegate decision-making authority to managers, resulting in a separation between ownership and control.

This separation can potentially lead to conflicts of interest, as managers may prioritize their own goals over those of the shareholders.

The main objective of corporate governance is to mitigate these conflicts by aligning the interests of both parties and ensuring that managers act in the best interests of shareholders.

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The Auxiliary Manual COMDTINST M 16790.1 (series) is best described as the policy manual for every Auxiliarist. It outlines the policies and procedures that Auxiliarists must follow in order to fulfill their duties and responsibilities within the Coast Guard Auxiliary.

The manual covers a wide range of topics, including organizational structure, training requirements, safety protocols, and operational procedures.In addition to serving as a policy manual, the Auxiliary Manual also provides a comprehensive history of the Coast Guard Auxiliary. It includes information about the founding of the organization, its evolution over time, and the important role that Auxiliarists have played in supporting the Coast Guard's missions. Overall, the Auxiliary Manual is an essential resource for all Auxiliarists, providing them with the guidance and information they need to effectively serve and support the Coast Guard. Whether on patrol, conducting training exercises, or performing administrative tasks, Auxiliarists can rely on the policies and procedures outlined in the manual to ensure that they are fulfilling their duties in a safe and effective manner.

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We would expect to see a rate of 9.4% on a Treasury bill.

To find the expected rate on a Treasury bill, we can use the Fisher equation, which relates the real rate, the inflation rate, and the nominal rate (the rate on the Treasury bill).

We will use the Fisher equation which is Nominal Rate = Real Rate + Inflation Rate

In this case, the real rate is 3.9 percent and the inflation rate is 5.5 percent.

Now, adding all the values into the equation, we get:
Nominal rate = 3.9 + 5.5 = 9.4 percent

So, we would expect to see a 9.4 percent rate on a Treasury bill.

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Beginning Balances:
Accounts Receivable: $260,000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: $11,700

(a) Sales and collections during the period:
Net credit sales: $1,040,000
Collections: $991,900

To record sales:
Accounts Receivable $1,040,000
Sales $1,040,000

To record collections:
Cash $991,900
Accounts Receivable $991,900

(b) Write off of uncollectible accounts during the period:
Uncollectible accounts written off: $9,490

To record write off:
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $9,490
Accounts Receivable $9,490

(c) Bad debt expense for the period:
Estimated uncollectible accounts at end of period: $32,500

To record bad debt expenses:
Bad Debt Expense $20,310 ($32,500 - $11,190)
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $20,310 ($32,500 - $11,190)

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The select capacity can be determined by finding the amount of an output that can be produced in a short period of time, such as an hour or a day. This is known as the short-term capacity, and it can be calculated by taking the total number of units produced in that time period and dividing it by the number of hours or days.

On the other hand, the maximum rate of an output that can be produced over a longer period of time, such as a week or a month, is known as the long-term capacity. This capacity can be calculated by taking the total number of units produced over that period of time and dividing it by the number of weeks or months.

In order to determine the most appropriate select capacity for a particular production process, it's important to consider both the short-term and long-term capacity.

Simple logic dictates that the select capacity should be set to the lower of the two capacities in order to ensure that the production process can meet the demand for its output without overburdening the system.

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The answer to the statement '' supply chain execution is the extent to which a company optimizes the use of resources in its supply chain activities '' is True. Supply chain execution refers to the overall management and optimization of the flow of goods, services, and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption.

It involves the coordination of various activities, such as sourcing, production, warehousing, transportation, and distribution, to ensure that products are delivered to customers in a timely, cost-effective, and efficient manner.

To achieve this, companies must optimize the use of their resources, including people, processes, technology, and assets, to minimize waste, reduce costs, improve quality, and enhance customer satisfaction.

By optimizing supply chain execution, companies can gain a competitive advantage, increase profitability, and enhance their overall business performance.

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The three main categories of performance measures for evaluating customer service performance are found in option C: delivery, cost, and quality.

Supporting measures can also be used to evaluate customer service performance, such as employee satisfaction and training metrics. By tracking these measures, organizations can gain insights into the effectiveness of their customer service operations and identify areas for improvement.

Other supporting measures such as employee satisfaction and customer loyalty may also be used to evaluate customer service performance.

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The three main categories of performance measures for evaluating customer service performance are: retention, quality, and cost (Option A).

Retention measures focus on the ability to maintain and grow the customer base, such as customer loyalty and repeat business. Quality measures evaluate the level of customer satisfaction, as well as the effectiveness of the service provided, such as the ability to resolve issues or meet customer needs. Cost measures assess the efficiency of customer service operations, including the expenses incurred in providing the service, such as staffing costs and investments in supporting tools or technology. These categories work together to help businesses monitor and improve their customer service performance.

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In a free enterprise economy, the ultimate determiner of the products produced are the consumers. Consumers dictate what products they want to purchase through their buying behavior, which in turn, determines the demand for those products. In a free enterprise economy, consumer demand drives the production of goods and services.

Businesses then respond to that demand by producing and supplying those products in the market. This creates a cycle of supply and demand in the economy, which ultimately drives the production of goods and services.While other entities such as Congress, property owners, and local governments can have an impact on the economy, they do not have the same level of influence on the production of products as consumers. Congress can pass laws that affect businesses, property owners can invest in companies, and local governments can provide infrastructure and resources for businesses, but ultimately, it is the consumers who decide what products they want to buy and therefore what products are produced.Overall, a free enterprise economy relies heavily on the consumer demand to determine the products produced and the direction of the economy as a whole.The group of people that ultimately determines the products that a free enterprise economy produces is (d) consumers. When consumers express their preferences through their purchasing decisions, they influence which products are produced and available in the market. As a result, businesses aim to create products that meet consumer needs and desires, ensuring their success and contributing to the overall economy.

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In the case of breach of contract, Wellington Mills can resell the fabric to another buyer and potentially sue Mulligan for the full contract price as compensation. Legal outcomes may vary, and consulting legal professionals is advised. OPTION (B)

This is because, in cases of breach of contract, the non-breaching party is typically entitled to seek damages that would put them in the position they would have been in if the contract had been fulfilled.

Option (b) correctly states that Wellington Mills can resell the fabric to another buyer and, if they choose to pursue legal action, they have a strong chance of being awarded the full contract price as compensation for the breach.

This approach allows Wellington Mills to mitigate their losses and recover the financial damages caused by Mulligan's breach of contract.

However, it's important to note that specific legal outcomes can vary based on jurisdiction and the specific circumstances of the case. Consulting with legal professionals is advisable in such situations to determine the best course of action and the potential remedies available under applicable laws.

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The learning principle being exemplified in training pilots in flight simulators is transference. Transference refers to the ability to apply previously learned knowledge or skills to new situations or contexts.

In this case, the knowledge and skills learned in the simulator can be transferred to actual cockpit situations, as the simulators closely resemble the real aircraft's cockpit and flight characteristics. The simulation creates a realistic experience for pilots to practice and learn in a safe and controlled environment before encountering the challenges and complexities of real-life situations. By repeatedly practicing in the simulator, pilots can develop muscle memory and increase their ability to make quick and accurate decisions when faced with unexpected circumstances. This type of training not only increases safety but also helps pilots to perform their duties with confidence and efficiency. Therefore, the principle of transference is essential in training pilots to effectively transfer their skills and knowledge from the simulator to the real world.

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A customer that is angry, openly antagonistic, and aggressive can be classified as a challenging customer.

These types of customers can be difficult to handle, but it's important to remain calm, empathetic, and professional when addressing their concerns. It's also important to try and find a solution to their problem or provide alternative options to help diffuse the situation. Handling challenging customers effectively can potentially turn them into returning customers in the future. Difficult customers are a common occurrence in business. They are frequently tough because they are dissatisfied with some aspect of the service, the item, or the customer experience. Sometimes, they may simply not get along with someone on your team or their actions may not be consistent with the culture of your team or the ideals of your firm.

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Armenia's favorable balance of trade in 2018 means that it exported more goods and services than it imported, resulting in a surplus in the country's trade balance. With $800 million in goods and services exported and $1.5 billion imported, Armenia had a trade deficit of $700 million. This indicates that Armenia relies heavily on imports to meet its domestic demand, which can have both positive and negative impacts on the country's economy.

On the positive side, imports can provide access to goods and services that are not available domestically, which can stimulate economic growth and increase consumer choice. On the negative side, heavy reliance on imports can make a country vulnerable to external economic shocks and fluctuations in global commodity prices.

To maintain a favorable balance of trade, Armenia can explore ways to increase its exports and reduce its reliance on imports. This can involve diversifying its export markets, investing in industries with high export potential, and improving the competitiveness of its domestic businesses. By doing so, Armenia can enhance its economic resilience and support sustainable growth in the long term.

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Using the equation method, calculate the normal capacity of the business.

Normal capacity = Maximum production capacity / (1 - Normal capacity percentage)

Given, the maximum production capacity = 100,000 units per year

To find the normal capacity percentage, we need to use the following formula:

Normal capacity percentage = (Operating Income - Fixed Selling & Administrative Expenses) / (Selling price per unit x Maximum production capacity)

Substituting the given values, we get:

Normal capacity percentage = ($600,000 - $300,000) / ($50 x 100,000) = 0.60

Therefore, normal capacity = 100,000 / (1 - 0.60) = 250,000 units per year

b) Calculate:

i) the variable production cost per unit

Variable production cost per unit = Direct Materials + Direct Labour + Variable Manufacturing Overhead

= $10.00 + $8.00 + $7.00

= $25.00

ii) the total production cost per unit

Total production cost per unit = Variable production cost per unit + Fixed Manufacturing Overhead / Maximum production capacity

= $25.00 + $450,000 / 100,000

= $29.50

iii) The total variable cost per unit

Total variable cost per unit = Variable production cost per unit + Variable selling expense per unit

= $25.00 + $10.00

= $35.00

iv) Total Fixed Costs

Total Fixed Costs = Fixed Manufacturing Overhead + Fixed Selling & Administrative Expenses

= $450,000 + $300,000

= $750,000

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False, the Federal Reserve uses monetary policy tools such as open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements to counteract the effects of inflation. Deposit expansion is not a direct tool used by the Federal Reserve for this purpose.

Instead, it is a result of the banking system's lending activities based on their available reserves. The Federal Reserve aims to maintain price stability by targeting an inflation rate of around 2%. In times of high inflation, the Federal Reserve may implement contractionary monetary policy, which includes selling government securities through open market operations, raising the discount rate, or increasing reserve requirements. These actions decrease the money supply in the economy, thus helping to control inflation. On the other hand, during periods of low inflation or deflation, the Federal Reserve may use expansionary monetary policy, which involves buying government securities, lowering the discount rate, or reducing reserve requirements. This increases the money supply, promoting economic growth and reducing deflationary pressures. In summary, the Federal Reserve does not use deposit expansion to counteract the effects of inflation. Instead, it utilizes a variety of monetary policy tools to manage inflation and maintain price stability.

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The bond's price six months from now after the next coupon is paid is $1,215.83.

We can use the formula for the present value of a bond to find the bond's price today:

[tex]PV = C/(1+r)^1 + C/(1+r)^2 + C/(1+r)^3 + ... + C/(1+r)^6 + F/(1+r)^6[/tex]

where PV is the present value, C is the coupon payment, r is the market interest rate per period, and F is the face value or the amount paid at maturity.

First, we need to calculate the coupon payment per period:

Coupon payment per period = 20%/2 * $1000 = $100

Next, we can substitute the given values and solve for the present value:

PV = $100/(1+5%/2)¹ + $100/(1+5%/2)² + $100/(1+5%/2)³ + $100/(1+5%/2)⁴ + $100/(1+5%/2)⁵ + $1100/(1+5%/2)⁶

PV = $1,098.87

Therefore, the bond's price today is $1,098.87.

To find the bond's price six months from now after the next coupon is paid, we need to calculate the new present value using the remaining time to maturity and the adjusted coupon payment:

Coupon payment per period = 20%/2 ˣ $1000 = $100

Adjusted coupon payment for 2.5 periods = $100 ˣ (1-(1+5%/2)^-2.5)/(5%/2) = $284.26

Remaining face value = $1000

New PV = $284.26 + $100/(1+5%/2)³ + $100/(1+5%/2)⁴ + $100/(1+5%/2)⁵ + $1100/(1+5%/2)⁶ + $1000/(1+5%/2)⁶

New PV = $1,215.83

The correct answer is (b) $1254, $1216.

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According to Prof. Choi, money in an economy is like blood in a human body. The correct option is c) money.

He likens money in an economy to blood in a human body because just like blood, money is necessary for the proper functioning of an economy. Money serves as a medium of exchange, facilitating transactions between buyers and sellers. It also serves as a unit of account, providing a standard measurement for the value of goods and services.

Additionally, money serves as a store of value, allowing individuals and businesses to save and invest for the future. Without money, it would be difficult to carry out economic activities efficiently and effectively. In this way, money plays a critical role in sustaining economic growth and development. While wealth, credit, stocks, and bonds are all important aspects of an economy, money is the foundation upon which they all rely.

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current assets are $18,700, total assets are $31,000, current liabilities are $13,800, total liabilities are $50,000, and equity is -$19,000 for Alpha Company fiscal year ended December 31st, 2008.

To calculate the current assets, we need to add up the balances of cash, accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid insurance, which are $7,000 + $7,200 + $4,300 + $200 = $18,700.

To calculate the total assets, we need to add up the balances of all accounts, which are $18,700 (current assets) + $20,300 (equipment) - $8,000 (accumulated depreciation) = $31,000.

To calculate the current liabilities, we need to add up the balances of accounts payable, salaries payable, interest payable, and the current portion of the note payable, which are $3,600 + $5,600 + $2,000 + $1,600 = $13,800.

To calculate the total liabilities, we need to add up the balances of all liabilities, which are $13,800 (current liabilities) + $36,200 (note payable) = $50,000.

To calculate the equity, we need to subtract the total liabilities from the total assets, which are $31,000 (total assets) - $50,000 (total liabilities) = -$19,000.

Since the equity is negative, it indicates that the company has more liabilities than assets, which is not a good sign for the financial health of the company.

It's important to note that the adjusted trial balance is a useful tool for identifying errors and ensuring that all accounts have been properly recorded and balanced.

However, it's not a complete financial statement, and additional reports such as income statements and balance sheets are necessary to fully understand a company's financial position and performance.

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The organization of patient access services in the hospital described in the question is decentralized. Option B is correct.

This is because the patient access department only handles the registration of inpatients and same-day surgery patients, while other departments have their own registrars who report to their respective business managers.

Decentralization refers to the delegation of decision-making authority to different units or levels of an organization, where each unit or level has its own resources and decision-making power. In this case, the patient access services are decentralized because different departments have their own registrars and decision-making authority for patient registration.

Therefore, option B is correct.

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The personal trait that has an immediate impact on our customers is our level of empathy. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others, and it is a crucial trait in customer service. When we are empathetic, we are better able to connect with our customers on a personal level, understand their needs and concerns, and provide them with the support and solutions they require.

Empathy has a direct impact on our customers because it makes them feel heard, understood, and valued. When we show empathy, we are able to build trust with our customers, which is essential for fostering long-term relationships. Additionally, empathetic customer service can help to diffuse tense or difficult situations, as it shows that we are willing to listen and work towards a positive resolution.

In short, empathy is a personal trait that has an immediate impact on our customers because it allows us to connect with them on a personal level, understand their needs, and provide them with the support they require. By prioritizing empathy in our interactions with customers, we can build trust, foster loyalty, and provide exceptional service that sets us apart from the competition.

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The marketing era immediately after the development of mass production assembly lines is the B Selling era. During this era, businesses focused on selling their products rather than on creating a demand for them. Companies were more concerned with production and increasing efficiency than with meeting the needs of their customers.

The selling era was characterized by aggressive advertising, high-pressure sales tactics, and a focus on short-term profits. Companies relied on mass media advertising, such as radio and television commercials, to promote their products. Salespeople were trained to persuade customers to buy their products, often through deceptive or manipulative tactics. However, as competition increased and consumers became more informed and demanding, businesses began to shift their focus towards meeting the needs of their customers. This led to the development of the marketing era, which emphasized creating customer value and building relationships with customers.

In the marketing era, companies began to focus on understanding their customers and creating products that met their needs. They also began to use marketing research to gather information about their customers and competitors. Marketing became a key component of business strategy, and companies invested in building strong brands and creating marketing campaigns that resonated with their target audience. In conclusion, while the production era was characterized by the development of mass production assembly lines, the era immediately after it was the selling era. This era was marked by aggressive advertising and high-pressure sales tactics, but it eventually gave way to the marketing era, which emphasized creating customer value and building relationships with customers.

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Customers should be billed for backorders when the backordered goods are shipped. This is because the customer has agreed to purchase the item and has not cancelled the order despite the delay in receiving it.

When customers place an order for an item that is not currently in stock, this creates a backorder. Customers should be billed for backorders when the backordered goods are shipped. This is because, at that point, the ordered product is on its way to the customer and the transaction is essentially complete. Billing customers when the backordered goods are shipped ensures that they are only charged for items that they will actually receive.

Additionally, the supplier has incurred costs associated with holding the backorder and fulfilling it, which should be compensated for. Billing the customer at the time of shipping the backordered goods is the most appropriate and fair method for both parties. Not billing for backorders could lead to lost revenue for the supplier, and potentially upset customers who may have been expecting to be charged for their order.


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U.S. investors can profit from covered interest arbitrage by buying pesos and investing in Mexico. To do this, they should follow these steps:

1. Convert U.S. dollars to Mexican pesos using the spot rate of $0.052 per peso. 2. Invest the pesos in Mexico at the annual risk-free interest rate of 6%.

3. Simultaneously enter a one-year forward contract to exchange the future Mexican peso principal and interest at the forward rate of $0.054 per peso.

4. At the end of the year, the U.S. investor will receive their principal and interest in pesos, which they can then convert back to U.S. dollars using the pre-determined forward rate.

By doing this, U.S. investors can earn a higher return than if they invested in the U.S. at the 8% annual risk-free interest rate.

This is because the covered interest arbitrage takes advantage of the interest rate differential and the currency forward rates.

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