PLEASE WRITE IN APA FORMAT FOR TWO PAGES AND CITE SOURCES PLEASE
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by repetitive, intrusive, and distressing thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that the individual feels driven to perform in order to neutralize or alleviate the anxiety caused by the obsessions (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). OCD affects approximately 1-2% of the general population and is associated with significant impairment in social, occupational, and personal functioning (Grant et al., 2014).


The case study of a 30-year-old woman experiencing long-standing fears of contamination provides an example of OCD. The individual in the case study reports intense discomfort with any dirt on herself or in her immediate environment, which triggers her compulsive cleaning rituals. She washes her hands and arms at least four or five times an hour and showers six or seven times a day, and thoroughly cleans her apartment at least twice a day. These cleaning rituals have severely restricted her life.


According to the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), OCD is diagnosed when the obsessions and/or compulsions are time-consuming, cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning, and are not due to the effects of a substance or medical condition. In this case, the individual's compulsive cleaning rituals are clearly time-consuming and have significantly restricted her life.


The theories behind OCD suggest that it may be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors (Ruscio et al., 2010). Recent research also suggests that OCD may involve dysfunction in certain brain regions and circuits, including the frontal cortex and basal ganglia, which are involved in the regulation of thoughts and behaviors (Milad & Rauch, 2012).


In conclusion, OCD is a debilitating mental disorder that can significantly impair an individual's daily functioning. The case study discussed in this report provides an example of OCD characterized by contamination fears and cleaning rituals. Further research is needed to better understand the causes and effective treatments for this disorder.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).

Grant, J. E., Odlaug, B. L., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2014). Obsessive–compulsive disorder. The Lancet, 384(9938), 495-505.

Milad, M. R., & Rauch, S. L. (2012). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: beyond segregated cortico-striatal pathways. Trends in cognitive sciences, 16(1), 43-51.

Ruscio, A. M., Stein, D. J., Chiu, W. T., & Kessler, R. C. (2010). The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular psychiatry, 15(1), 53-63.


Related Questions

When your immune system recognizes a foreign protein or chemical, it forms specific ___.

Answers

When your immune system recognizes a foreign protein or chemical, it forms specific antibodies. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens, which are foreign substances that the body recognizes as harmful. The antibodies are designed to specifically recognize and bind to the antigen, marking it for destruction by other immune cells. This process is called the immune response and is a critical part of the body's defense against infections and diseases. The ability to produce specific antibodies is a key feature of the adaptive immune system, which is capable of recognizing and responding to a wide range of different pathogens and foreign substances.

Using the reflective discussion method, discuss two measures healthcare organizations should consider putting into place to protect health record data to ensure that the health record integrity is maintained and the health record data is available for treatment. Are there any issues with these measures? How will you apply these measures as a HIM professional?

Answers

Measure 1: Implementing robust access controls and authentication

One measure healthcare organizations should consider is implementing strong access controls and authentication protocols. This can involve using multi-factor authentication (MFA) to ensure that only authorized individuals can access health records. Additionally, healthcare organizations should implement role-based access controls to limit the information accessible to each user based on their job function.

Potential issues with this measure could include increased complexity for users, such as remembering multiple passwords or using MFA devices. There may also be resistance from staff members who find the new security measures inconvenient.

As a HIM professional, I would work with IT and security teams to develop and implement access control policies and ensure that all employees are trained in the appropriate protocols. I would also work to communicate the importance of these measures in protecting patient privacy and maintaining health record integrity, to help gain buy-in from staff members.

Measure 2: Establishing regular backups and data redundancy

Another measure to protect health record data and ensure its availability is establishing regular backups and data redundancy. This involves creating multiple copies of health record data and storing them in different locations, such as on-premises and in the cloud. Regular backups should be scheduled to minimize data loss in case of a system failure or cyberattack.

Potential issues with this measure include the cost of additional storage and infrastructure, as well as ensuring that backup data is also secure and protected from unauthorized access.

As a HIM professional, I would work closely with IT and security teams to develop a comprehensive backup and data redundancy strategy, ensuring that all critical data is securely backed up and accessible in the event of a disaster. This would involve selecting appropriate backup solutions, monitoring the success of backup processes, and regularly testing backup data to verify its integrity and accessibility.

Explanation:

By implementing these measures and addressing potential issues, healthcare organizations can help protect health record data and maintain the integrity and availability of the information necessary for patient treatment.

1. What is the FIRST step for working toward equity, which in turn moves the world closer to global health?
providing clean drinking water worldwide
limiting the amount of illegal immigration that occurs
acknowledging that there is unfair treatment, or inequity
eliminating poverty in all nations

Answers

providing clean drinking water worldwide is the FIRST step for working toward equity, which in turn moves the world closer to global health

What has changed in the field of global health?

The phrase "international health" is quickly being replaced with the word "global health." We discuss the World Health Organization's (WHO) position in global and international health as well as the transition between the two.

The phrase "global health initiatives" is used to describe institutions that coordinate the efforts of international stakeholders to raise and distribute funding to solve health concerns, and who accomplish this through assisting the implementation of health projects in low- and middle-income countries.

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CASE STUDY A
Acute Pain
L.Y. is a healthy 13-year-old who had all her wisdom teeth removed 6 hours ago and is experiencing significant pain. She has been prescribed acetaminophen and codeine for pain relief and is at home recovering. Her mother wants her to rest and stop text- messaging her friends about her dental surgery.

1. How do acetaminophen and codeine act to reduce pain? What is a side effect of high levels of each drug? Why has the dentist prescribed only a limited supply of the medication?
2. How does L.Y.'s text-messaging behavior affect her perception of pain?
3. Does L.Y. need to rest in bed quietly to reduce pain?
4. L.Y. becomes increasingly irritated with her mother and tells her to "get off my case." How does L.Y.'s stress affect pain perception?

Answers

1. Acetaminophen and codeine act to reduce pain through different mechanisms. Acetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic that works by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are responsible for pain and inflammation. Codeine is an opioid analgesic that acts by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, reducing the perception of pain. Side effects of high levels of acetaminophen include liver damage, while high levels of codeine can lead to respiratory depression, constipation, and addiction. The dentist prescribed a limited supply of the medication to minimize the risk of side effects and potential dependence.

2. L.Y.'s text-messaging behavior may have both positive and negative effects on her perception of pain. On one hand, communicating with friends can provide a distraction, which may help to reduce the perceived intensity of the pain. On the other hand, continually discussing her dental surgery may keep her focused on the pain, potentially exacerbating it.

3. Resting in bed quietly may help L.Y. to reduce pain by allowing her body to recover and heal. However, engaging in gentle activities that distract her from the pain, such as reading or watching a movie, can also be beneficial. It's essential to find a balance between rest and distraction that works best for L.Y.

4. L.Y.'s stress can negatively affect her pain perception. Stress can increase the release of stress hormones, such as cortisol, which can intensify the sensation of pain. Additionally, stress can exacerbate emotional responses, leading to increased discomfort and a heightened perception of pain. It's crucial for L.Y. to manage her stress levels during recovery to ensure optimal pain control.

_________ is having another person watch you lift and assist you if anything goes wrong. A. Coaching B. Observing C. Spotting D. Co-lifting

Answers

Answer:C spotting

Explanation: a spotter is a person who watches a person light or perform an exercise and helps only if needed to avoid injury to the

A COTA works in a busy outpatient clinic that has a large open space where several therapy sessions are occurring simultaneously. The COTA is providing intervention for a client who has executive dysfunction secondary to an acquired brain injury. The client wants to return to work as a receptionist in an office that has an open concept design. Currently, the client is able to complete most work tasks in the therapy environment, but becomes easily distracted by movements and sounds. Which adaptation to the treatment environment would be MOST BENEFICIAL for promoting the client’s progress towards the return-to-work goal?

Position a portable partition to block the client’s line of sight from the other activities occurring in the clinic.

Schedule future sessions in a quiet treatment room within the rehabilitation department that has no visual or auditory distractions.

Configure a simulated work station cubicle with side walls and have the client use noise cancellation headphones during sessions.

Answers

The adaptation to the treatment environment that would be MOST BENEFICIAL for promoting the client's progress towards the return-to-work goal would be to configure a simulated work station cubicle with side walls and have the client use noise cancellation headphones during sessions. This adaptation would recreate the environment that the client wishes to return to and provide a controlled environment where distractions can be minimized. The noise-cancelling headphones would help to block out any external sounds that may cause the client to become distracted. With this setup, the client can practice working in an open concept design environment while still being able to focus on the task at hand.

A population of rabbits may be brown (the dominant phenotype) or white (the recessive phenotype). Brown rabbits have the genotype BB or Bb. White rabbits have the genotype bb. The frequency of the BB genotype is .68.

What is the frequency of heterozygous rabbits?
What is the frequency of the B allele?
What is the frequency of the b allele?

Answers

They can "hide" from predators in heterozygous (Bb) brown rabbits, which explains why. This serves as a helpful reminder that phenotypes, not genetics, are what natural selection affects.

Is there a connection between heredity and genetics?

The trans of palms made from dates is depicted in other ancient carvings. But before genetics became a disciplined science in the 19th century, the majority of the processes of inheritance remained a mystery. The discovery of genes—the basic building blocks responsible for heredity—led to the development of genetics.

What is the genetics introduction?

See Introduction to genetics for a more approachable and non-technical introduction to this subject. Biology's field of genetics focuses on the investigation of genes, genetic diversity, and inheritance in living things.

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How does L.Y.'s text-messaging behavior affect her perception of pain?

Answers

Could you please provide more context and send me a message possibly? Thank you

Which of the following is NOT a health benefit of a "built environment"?
O visible and well-lit stairs
O increased levels of pollution
O designated bike paths and sidewalks
O housing built in close proximity to schools, shops, and work sites

Answers

Answer: increased levels of pollution

Explanation:

Increased levels of pollution is not a health benefit of a built environment. In fact, pollution has negative effects on health. A well-designed built environment promotes physical activity, social interaction, and access to essential services, which contribute to better overall health. Visible and well-lit stairs, designated bike paths and sidewalks, and housing built in close proximity to schools, shops, and work sites are all examples of features in a built environment that can promote health and well-being.

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