In the gas phase, Mo atoms have the electron configuration [Kr]5s4d instead of [Kr]5s²4d⁴. This is because in the gas phase, the energies of the 4d and 5s orbitals are very close to each other.
Due to the proximity in energy levels, there can be some mixing of the two orbitals, resulting in a more stable configuration in which one electron from the 5s orbital moves to the 4d orbital to fill it up.
This gives the molybdenum atom a half-filled 4d orbital, which is more stable than a partially-filled 5s orbital. Therefore, the electron configuration of [Kr]5s4d is more stable in the gas phase than the electron configuration of [Kr]5s²4d⁴.
To know more about molybdenum atom here
https://brainly.com/question/14658499
#SPJ4
the propane fuel () used in gas barbeques burns according to the thermochemical equation: if a pork roast must absorb to fully cook, and if only 10% of the heat produced by the barbeque is actually absorbed by the roast, what mass of is emitted into the atmosphere during the grilling of the pork roast?
When grilling a pork roast using propane fuel, only 10% of the heat produced by the barbeque is absorbed by the roast.
To determine the mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted into the atmosphere during the grilling process, we need to calculate the amount of heat absorbed by the roast and then use the stoichiometric coefficients in the thermochemical equation to find the corresponding amount of CO2 produced.
First, we calculate the heat absorbed by the roast. Let's assume the total heat produced by the barbeque is H. Since only 10% of the heat is absorbed, the heat absorbed by the roast is 0.10H.
Next, we use the stoichiometric coefficients in the thermochemical equation to relate the heat produced by burning propane to the amount of CO2 produced. The balanced equation for the combustion of propane is:
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
From the equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of propane burned, 3 moles of CO2 are produced. Therefore, the molar ratio of CO2 to propane is 3:1.
To find the mass of CO2 emitted, we need to determine the amount of propane consumed. We can relate the amount of heat absorbed by the roast to the amount of propane burned using the heat of combustion of propane (ΔH):
ΔH = -2220 kJ/mol (given)
We can use the equation:
ΔH = n × ΔH
where n is the amount of propane consumed.
Rearranging the equation, we have:
n = (0.10H) / ΔH
Finally, we can convert the amount of propane consumed to the mass of CO2 emitted using the molar mass of propane (C3H8) and the molar mass of CO2:
Mass of CO2 = n × molar mass of CO2
By substituting the value of n and the molar mass of CO2, we can calculate the mass of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere during the grilling process.
Learn more about propane fuel here:
https://brainly.com/question/9472786
#SPJ11
BaF2(s) is slightly soluble in water at 25◦C. If I put excess BaF2(s) into water, and measure the equilibrium [Ba2+] concentration to be 1.06 × 10−2 M, what is Ksp? 1. between 1 × 10^−4 and 1 × 10^−3 2. between 1 × 10^−7 and 1 × 10^−6 3. between 1 × 10^−5 and 1 × 10^−4 4. between 1 × 10^−3 and 1 × 10^−2 5. between 1 × 10^−6 and 1 × 10^−5
The value of solubility product Ksp for [tex]BaF_{2}[/tex] can be determined from the equilibrium concentration of [tex]Ba^{2+}[/tex] when excess [tex]BaF_{2}[/tex] is added to water and the solubility product expression for the compound. The correct option to this question is 5.
When excess [tex]BaF_{2}[/tex] is added to water, it will dissolve slightly and reach an equilibrium where the concentration of [tex]Ba^{2+}[/tex] and [tex]F^{-}[/tex] ions remain constant. The solubility product expression for BaF2 is Ksp = [[tex]Ba^{2+}[/tex] ][ [tex]F^{-}[/tex] ]^2. We are given the equilibrium concentration of [tex]Ba^{2+}[/tex] as [tex]1.06 * 10^{-2}[/tex] M.
Assuming that the concentration of F- ions is also [tex]1.06 * 10^{-2}[/tex] M, we can substitute these values in the Ksp expression and solve for Ksp.
[tex]Ksp = (1.06 * 10^{-2})^{1}(1.06 *10{-2}^{2})= 1.20 *10{-6 }[/tex]
The value of Ksp for [tex]BaF_{2}[/tex] is [tex]1.20 * 10^{-6}[/tex]6. Comparing this value to the given options, we can see that it falls between [tex]1* 10^{-6 }[/tex]and [tex]1 *10^{-5}[/tex]. Therefore, the correct answer is option 5.
For more information on solubility product kindly visit to
https://brainly.com/question/28205795
#SPJ11
a buffer that contains 0.495 m base, b, and 0.213 m of its conjugate acid, bh , has a ph of 9.00. what is the ph after 0.0020 mol of hcl is added to 0.250 l of this solution?
The pH after 0.0020 mol of HCl is added to 0.250 L of the buffer solution is 9.33.
Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we can calculate the initial pKa of the buffer:
pH = pKa + log([Bh]/[B])
9.00 = pKa + log(0.213/0.495)
pKa = 9.81
We can also calculate the initial concentrations of [Bh] and [B]:
[Bh] = 0.213 M
[B] = 0.495 M
When 0.0020 mol of HCl is added, it will react with some of the base to form the conjugate acid. The amount of base consumed can be calculated as:
0.0020 mol HCl * (1 mol base / 1 mol HCl) = 0.0020 mol base
The new concentration of [B] will be:
[B] = (0.495 - 0.0020) mol / 0.250 L = 1.972 M
The new concentration of [Bh] will be:
[Bh] = (0.213 + 0.0020) mol / 0.250 L = 0.861 M
Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation again, we can calculate the new pH:
pH = pKa + log([Bh]/[B])
pH = 9.81 + log(0.861/1.972)
pH = 9.33
Therefore, after adding 0.0020 mol of HCl to 0.250 L of buffer solution, the pH is 9.33.
To know more about the Conjugate acid, here
https://brainly.com/question/15463462
#SPJ4
when 10.0 g of carbon react with 30.0 g of oxygen, co2 is formed. the mass of oxygen required to react with 10.0 g of carbon to form co is ____________ g.
The mass of oxygen required to react with 10.0 g of carbon to form carbon monoxide is approximately 26.66 g.
When 10.0 g of carbon reacts with 30.0 g of oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2), we can determine the mass of oxygen required to react with 10.0 g of carbon to form carbon monoxide (CO). The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
C + O2 -> CO2
From the equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between carbon and oxygen is 1:1. This means that for every 1 mole of carbon, we need 1 mole of oxygen to form carbon monoxide.
To find the mass of oxygen required, we need to convert the given mass of carbon to moles and then use the stoichiometric ratio to determine the corresponding mass of oxygen.
The molar mass of carbon (C) is approximately 12.01 g/mol, so 10.0 g of carbon is equal to:
10.0 g / 12.01 g/mol = 0.833 mol of carbon
Since the stoichiometric ratio between carbon and oxygen is 1:1, we need 0.833 mol of oxygen to react with 10.0 g of carbon.
To convert the moles of oxygen to grams, we need to know the molar mass of oxygen. The molar mass of oxygen (O2) is approximately 32.00 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of oxygen required is:
0.833 mol * 32.00 g/mol = 26.66 g
Therefore, the mass of oxygen required to react with 10.0 g of carbon to form carbon monoxide is approximately 26.66 g.
Know more about molar mass here:
https://brainly.com/question/30640134
#SPJ11
what is ∆g° for the reaction ch₃oh(g) → co(g) 2 h₂(g) at 25°c?
Therefore, the standard free energy change (∆G°) for the reaction CH3OH(g) → CO(g) + 2H2(g) at 25°C is +44.5 kJ/mol.
To calculate ∆g° for the given reaction, we need to use the standard free energy of formation (∆f°) values for each of the species involved in the reaction.
According to standard tables, the ∆f° values at 25°C for CH3OH(g), CO(g), and H2(g) are -166.0, -110.5, and 0 kJ/mol, respectively.
Using these values, we can calculate the standard free energy change (∆G°) for the reaction using the following equation:
∆G° = Σn∆f°(products) - Σn∆f°(reactants)
where Σn is the sum of the stoichiometric coefficients for each species. In this case, we have:
Putting the values in the equation,
∆G° = [1∆f°(CO) + 2∆f°(H2)] - [1∆f°(CH3OH)]
∆G° = [(-110.5 kJ/mol) + 2(0 kJ/mol)] - [(-166.0 kJ/mol)]
∆G° = 44.5 kJ/mol
To know something about the standard free energy change (∆G°), click below.
https://brainly.com/question/28599199
#SPJ11
What is the molarity of the solution prepared by diluting 25. 7 mL of 2. 10 M AgNO3 to the final volume 98. 5 mL? Calculate your final answer to 2 decimal places
The molarity of the diluted solution is 0.55 M (rounded to 2 decimal places).
To calculate the molarity of a solution, we need to know the moles of the solute and the volume of the solution.
First, we can use the initial concentration and volume to calculate the initial moles of AgNO₃:
moles of AgNO₃ = initial concentration x initial volume
= 2.10 M x 0.0257 L
= 0.054 M
Next, we can use the final volume to calculate the final concentration:
final concentration = moles of AgNO₃ / final volume
= 0.054 M / 0.0985 L
= 0.548 M
When preparing a solution by dilution, it's important to make sure that the final volume is accurately measured and that the solution is thoroughly mixed to ensure homogeneity.
To learn more about molarity click on,
https://brainly.com/question/31318180
#SPJ4
PLEASE ANSWER FAST.
A scientist conducts the gaseous reaction shown.
2 CH CH (9) + 70,(9) - 400,(9) + 6 HOg)
g
The scientist produces the potential energy diagram givenusing the data collected from the experiment.
A potential energy diagram, also known as a reaction progress curve, is a visual representation of the energy changes that take place during a chemical reaction.
Thus, A diagram of potential energy illustrates how a system's potential energy changes as reactants are changed into products. Basic potential energy diagrams for endothermic (A) and exothermic (B) reactions are shown in the image below.
An exothermic reaction results in a negative enthalpy change (H) while an endothermic reaction exhibits a positive enthalpy change. The diagrams of potential energy show this.
As the system absorbs energy from its environment, its overall potential energy rises for the endothermic reaction.
Thus, A potential energy diagram, also known as a reaction progress curve, is a visual representation of the energy changes that take place during a chemical reaction.
Learn more about Potential energy, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/24284560
#SPJ1
6) the 3-methylcyclohexene formed is the z isomer. why is no e isomer formed?
The formation of isomers in a chemical reaction is determined by the stereochemistry of the reactants and the mechanism of the reaction. In the case of the formation of 3-methylcyclohexene, the starting material is 3-methylcyclohexanol, which has a stereocenter at the carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group.
The reaction proceeds through an acid-catalyzed dehydration mechanism, which involves the removal of a water molecule from the alcohol to form an alkene. The mechanism of this reaction is highly dependent on the structure of the starting material, as well as the conditions under which the reaction is carried out.In the case of 3-methylcyclohexanol, the hydroxyl group is located on a secondary carbon atom, which means that the reaction mechanism will proceed through an E1 mechanism. This mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which can then undergo a rearrangement to form a more stable carbocation.
During the formation of the carbocation intermediate, the stereochemistry of the starting material is lost, which means that both the E and Z isomers of the product can potentially form. However, in the case of 3-methylcyclohexanol, the formation of the Z isomer is favored due to steric hindrance between the methyl group and the hydroxyl group.The E isomer, on the other hand, would require the methyl group to be located in a trans position with respect to the hydrogen atom on the same carbon atom. This configuration is not possible due to steric hindrance, which means that the E isomer is not formed in this reaction.
To know more 3-methylcyclohexene visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/25587674
#SPJ11
suppose you analyze a 39.0 g sample of bleach and determine that there are 2.91 g of sodium hypochlorite present. what is the percent of sodium hypochlorite in the bleach sample
The percent of sodium hypochlorite in the 39.0 g bleach sample is approximately 7.46%.
To find the percent of sodium hypochlorite in the bleach sample, we need to use the formula:
Percent composition = (mass of solute/mass of solution) x 100%
In this case, the solute is sodium hypochlorite, which has a mass of 2.91 g. The mass of the entire bleach sample is 39.0 g.
So, substituting the values into the formula, we get:
Percent composition = (2.91 g/39.0 g) x 100%
Percent composition = 0.0746 x 100%
Percent composition = 7.46%
Therefore, the percent of sodium hypochlorite in the bleach sample is 7.46%.
To find the percent of sodium hypochlorite in the bleach sample, you can use the formula:
Percent composition = (mass of component / total mass) × 100
In this case, the mass of the sodium hypochlorite (component) is 2.91 g, and the total mass of the bleach sample is 39.0 g. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Percent composition = (2.91 g / 39.0 g) × 100
Calculating this, we find:
Percent composition ≈ 7.46%
So, the percent of sodium hypochlorite in the 39.0 g bleach sample is approximately 7.46%.
learn more about sodium hypochlorite
https://brainly.com/question/10423391
#SPJ11
What volume of carbon dioxide gas is produced at STP when 125 mL of a 0.10 M nitric acid solution reacts with excess calcium carbonate? A. 6.25 ml B. 140. mL C. 280. ml D. 560. mL
At STP, 280 mL of carbon dioxide gas is created when an excess of calcium carbonate combines with 125 mL of a 0.10 M nitric acid solution. Here option C is the correct answer.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between nitric acid and calcium carbonate is:
[tex]\begin{aligned} \ce{HNO_3 + CaCO_3 &- > Ca(NO_3)_2 + CO_2 + H_2O} \ \end{aligned}[/tex]
From the equation, we can see that one mole of calcium carbonate reacts with one mole of nitric acid to produce one mole of carbon dioxide. To determine the amount of carbon dioxide produced, we need to calculate the moles of nitric acid reacted.
Molarity (M) is defined as moles of solute per liter of solution. We have 0.10 moles of nitric acid in one liter of solution. Since we only have 125 mL of solution, we need to convert mL to L:
125 mL = 0.125 L
The moles of nitric acid reacted, therefore:
moles = M × V = 0.10 mol/L × 0.125 L = 0.0125 mol
Since one mole of calcium carbonate produces one mole of carbon dioxide, the number of moles of carbon dioxide produced is also 0.0125 mol.
At STP (standard temperature and pressure), one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L of volume. Therefore, the volume of carbon dioxide produced at STP is:
V = n × 22.4 L/mol = 0.0125 mol × 22.4 L/mol ≈ 0.28 L ≈ 280 mL
To learn more about carbon dioxide gas
https://brainly.com/question/15153008
#SPJ4
how many unpaired electrons would you expect on aluminum in aluminum
Aluminum has only one unpaired electron on it.
Aluminum (Al) is an element with an atomic number of 13 and an electron configuration of 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^1. To determine the number of unpaired electrons on aluminum, we need to consider the electron configuration and the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.
In the case of aluminum, the 3p orbital contains the unpaired electron. The electron configuration shows that the 3p orbital has one electron present, and since the maximum occupancy is two electrons, there is one unpaired electron.
Therefore, aluminum (Al) has one unpaired electron.
Unpaired electrons play a significant role in the chemical and physical properties of elements. They are involved in bonding, magnetic properties, and reactivity. In the case of aluminum, the unpaired electron in the 3p orbital can participate in chemical reactions, forming bonds with other atoms to complete its valence shell.
Know more about Electrons here:
https://brainly.com/question/12001116
#SPJ11
what percentage of 146c (t1/2 = 5715 years) remains in a sample estimated to be 14730 years old?
The percentage of 146c that remains in a sample estimated to be 14730 years old can be calculated using the radioactive decay formula.
The radioactive decay formula is:
N(t) = N0 * (1/2)^(t/t1/2)
Where N(t) is the amount of radioactive material remaining after time t, N0 is the initial amount of radioactive material, t is the time elapsed, and t1/2 is the half-life of the radioactive material.
For this problem, N0 is equal to the amount of 146c in the sample at the time it was formed, t is equal to the age of the sample (14730 years), and t1/2 is equal to 5715 years.
So, the percentage of 146c that remains can be calculated as follows:
N(14730) = N0 * (1/2)^(14730/5715)
N(14730) = N0 * 0.082
Therefore, the percentage of 146c that remains is approximately 8.2%.
To know more about radioactive visit :
https://brainly.com/question/1770619
#SPJ11
assuming complete dissociation, the molar concentration of f- ions in 0.500 m mnf2 is ________.
Assuming complete dissociation, the molar concentration of F- ions in 0.500 M [tex]MNF_{2}[/tex] is 1.00 M.
Assuming complete dissociation, [tex]MNF_{2}[/tex] will dissociate into one [tex]Mn_{2} +[/tex]+ ion and two F- ions. This means that the concentration of F- ions will be twice the concentration of [tex]MNF_{2}[/tex].
To find the molar concentration of F- ions, we can use the formula:
molar concentration = moles of solute / volume of solution in liters
We know that the molar concentration of [tex]MNF_{2}[/tex] is 0.500 M, which means that there are 0.500 moles of [tex]MNF_{2}[/tex] in 1 liter of solution.
Since [tex]MNF_{2}[/tex] dissociates into two F- ions, we can calculate the moles of F- ions by multiplying the moles of MnF2 by 2:
moles of F- ions = 2 x moles of [tex]MNF_{2}[/tex]
moles of F- ions = 2 x 0.500
moles of F- ions = 1.00
Now we can find the molar concentration of F- ions using the formula:
molar concentration = moles of solute / volume of solution in liters
molar concentration = 1.00 / 1
molar concentration = 1.00 M
Therefore, assuming complete dissociation, the molar concentration of F- ions in 0.500 M [tex]MNF_{2}[/tex] is 1.00 M.
Learn more about here:
https://brainly.com/question/31959301
#SPJ11
A student listed how different parts of the body work to aid in the digestion of food. Which of the following is a chemical change that occurs to the food?
The chemical change that occurs during the digestion of food is the breakdown of large, complex molecules into smaller, simpler molecules by enzymes and acids in the digestive system.
Digestion involves both physical and chemical processes. The physical process includes the mechanical breakdown of food through chewing and churning in the stomach. On the other hand, the chemical process involves the action of enzymes and acids to break down complex molecules. For example, in the mouth, salivary amylase breaks down starch into maltose, a simpler carbohydrate. In the stomach, pepsin and hydrochloric acid work together to break down proteins into smaller peptides.
Further along the digestive tract, in the small intestine, enzymes such as pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and lipase, along with bile from the liver, continue the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats respectively. The resulting simpler molecules, like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, are then absorbed by the small intestine and transported throughout the body for use as energy or as building blocks for cells.
In summary, the chemical change in food digestion is the enzymatic and acidic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, which can be absorbed and utilized by the body. This process occurs at various stages in the digestive system, including the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
Know more about Digestion of food here:
https://brainly.com/question/32066772
#SPJ11
because fe-s is a one-electron carrier, ubiquinone is reduced by one electron at a time.
Because Fe-S (iron-sulfur) is a one-electron carrier, ubiquinone is reduced by one electron at a time in the electron transport chain.
Ubiquinone, also known as coenzyme Q, plays a crucial role in the electron transport chain, which is part of cellular respiration. It acts as an electron carrier, shuttling electrons from complex I and complex II to complex III in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
During the electron transport chain, electrons are transferred through a series of electron carriers embedded in the membrane. One of these carriers is Fe-S, which can accept and donate one electron at a time. As electrons flow through the chain, they reduce ubiquinone by transferring one electron at a time.
This stepwise reduction of ubiquinone by Fe-S is essential for maintaining the efficiency and regulation of electron transfer in the electron transport chain. It allows for controlled and sequential electron transfer, enabling the production of ATP and maintaining the proton gradient necessary for oxidative phosphorylation.
Therefore, due to the one-electron transfer capability of Fe-S, ubiquinone is reduced by one electron at a time, contributing to the proper functioning of cellular respiration and energy production.
Know more about Electron transport chain here:
https://brainly.com/question/13560450
#SPJ11
What are the product(s) of the following reaction? a. Only I b. Only II c. Only I and II d. Only III
The product(s) of a chemical reaction are determined by the reactants and their specific properties. Without knowing the reactants or their structures, it is impossible to determine the products with certainty. Therefore, I cannot provide a direct answer to the question posed without additional information.
However, I can provide some general guidelines for predicting products of chemical reactions. Chemical reactions can lead to the formation of different products, depending on the reactants involved, their reactivity, and the reaction conditions. The nature of the reaction, such as whether it is an acid-base reaction or a redox reaction, can also influence the products formed. Furthermore, the reaction may result in a mixture of products, depending on the reaction conditions and the extent of the reaction.
Therefore, to determine the products of the specific reaction provided in the question, additional information is required regarding the reactants and the reaction conditions. Without this information, it is not possible to determine the products of the reaction with certainty.
To know more about chemical reaction visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/29762834
#SPJ11
When a piece of iron spontaneously reacts when place in a solution of copper (II) sulfate, the oxidizing agent is?A. Cu^2+B. SO4^2-C. Cannot tell w/o knowing redox potentialsD. Fe
In the spontaneous reaction between iron and copper (II) sulfate, the oxidizing agent is copper (II) ions (Cu^2+).
This can be determined by analyzing the redox process occurring in the reaction. During the reaction, iron atoms lose electrons and are oxidized from their elemental state (Fe^0) to Fe^2+ ions.
This oxidation occurs as iron transfers electrons to another species. In this case, the copper (II) ions accept these electrons, causing their reduction to elemental copper (Cu^0).
The species that gains electrons and undergoes reduction is referred to as the oxidizing agent. In this reaction, it is the Cu^2+ ions that act as the oxidizing agent since they cause the oxidation of iron by accepting electrons.
By accepting electrons from the iron atoms, the Cu^2+ ions are reduced to Cu^0, while the iron atoms are oxidized to Fe^2+ ions. This exchange of electrons allows the reaction to proceed spontaneously.
Therefore, in the spontaneous reaction between iron and copper (II) sulfate, the oxidizing agent is the Cu^2+ ions present in the copper (II) sulfate solution.
To know more about oxidizing agents, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29545518
#SPJ11
at 25°c, δg°f is -620 kj/mol for sicl4(g) and -592 kj/mol for mgcl2(s). calculate δg° for the reaction, sicl4(g) 2 mg(s) → 2 mgcl2(s) si(s).
The standard Gibbs free energy change for the given reaction is δg° for the reaction SiCl4(g) + 2 Mg(s) → 2 MgCl2(s) + Si(s) is -564 kJ/mol.
The question asks us to calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change, δg°, for the given reaction:
SiCl4(g) + 2 Mg(s) → 2 MgCl2(s) + Si(s)
To calculate δg°, we can use the formula:
δg° = Σ δg°f(products) - Σ δg°f(reactants)
where δg°f is the standard Gibbs free energy change of formation for the respective species in the reaction. The δg°f values are given for SiCl4(g), MgCl2(s), and Si(s), while the δg°f value for Mg(s) is not given. We can calculate δg°f(Mg(s)) using the standard enthalpy of formation, ΔH°f(Mg(s)), and the standard entropy of formation, ΔS°f(Mg(s)), which is 0 J/K/mol since Mg(s) is in its standard state.
Using the given values, we can calculate δg°f(Mg(s)) as follows:
δg°f(Mg(s)) = ΔH°f(Mg(s)) - TΔS°f(Mg(s))
= 0 kJ/mol - (298 K × 0 J/K/mol)
= 0 kJ/mol
With all the δg°f values in hand, we can now substitute them into the formula for δg° to get the overall δg° for the reaction. We get:
δg° = Σ δg°f(products) - Σ δg°f(reactants)
= [2 × (-592 kJ/mol)] + δg°f(Si(s)) - δg°f(Mg(s)) - δg°f(SiCl4(g))
= -1184 kJ/mol + 0 kJ/mol + 0 kJ/mol - (-620 kJ/mol)
= -564 kJ/mol
The negative value of δg° indicates that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable, and it will proceed spontaneously in the forward direction under standard conditions.
Learn more about Gibbs free energy δg° here: brainly.com/question/29753417
#SPJ11
if a solution of fecl3 is electrolyzed using a constant current of 2.75 a over a period of 10.9 hours, what mass of metallic iron is produced at the cathode?
Approximately 61.14 grams of metallic iron will be produced at the cathode during the electrolysis of FeCl3 using a constant current of 2.75 A over a period of 10.9 hours.
The production of metallic iron at the cathode during the electrolysis of FeCl3 can be represented by the following half-reaction:
Fe³⁺ + 1 e⁻ → Fe²⁺
The Faraday's law of electrolysis relates the amount of substance produced or consumed during electrolysis to the quantity of electricity passed through the cell. It states that the amount of substance produced is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the cell, and the proportionality constant is the Faraday constant, which is equal to 96,485 coulombs per mole of electrons.
To calculate the mass of metallic iron produced at the cathode, we need to know the number of moles of electrons transferred during electrolysis, which is equal to the total charge passed through the cell divided by the Faraday constant:
total charge = current × time = 2.75 A × 10.9 hours × 3600 s/hour = 105,654 C
moles of electrons = total charge / Faraday constant = 105,654 C / 96,485 C/mol = 1.095 mol e⁻
Since the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1 mol of Fe³⁺ per 1 mol of electrons, the number of moles of Fe³⁺ that are reduced to Fe²⁺ is also 1.095 mol.
The molar mass of Fe is 55.85 g/mol, so the mass of metallic iron produced is:
mass of Fe = moles of Fe × molar mass of Fe = 1.095 mol × 55.85 g/mol = 61.14 g
Therefore, approximately 61.14 grams of metallic iron will be produced at the cathode during the electrolysis of FeCl3 using a constant current of 2.75 A over a period of 10.9 hours.
Learn more about metallic iron here:
https://brainly.com/question/31388751
#SPJ11
which cleansing agent would least likely be used during the collection of blood cultures?multiple choicebetadineiodinechlorhexidinehydrogen peroxide
The cleansing agent that would be least likely be used during the collection of blood cultures is hydrogen peroxide.
Hydrogen peroxide is mainly used as an oxidizing agent while performing experiments. Chlorhexidine is a commonly used and effective cleansing solution for completing pin site care. It has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It has been shown to have a higher level of effectiveness in reducing bacterial growth compared to other solutions such as betadine, hydrogen peroxide, and alcohol. It is also less toxic and less likely to cause skin irritation.
To know more about blood culture here
https://brainly.com/question/15967109
#SPJ4
what its the net equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of KOH and SrCl2 are mixed?
The net equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of KOH and SrCl2 are mixed is:
2KOH(aq) + SrCl2(aq) → Sr(OH)2(s) + 2KCl(aq)
This is a double displacement reaction where the potassium and strontium ions switch partners to form strontium hydroxide and potassium chloride. The strontium hydroxide then precipitates out of solution as a solid. Overall, this reaction is exothermic, meaning that it releases heat.
The net equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of KOH (potassium hydroxide) and SrCl2 (strontium chloride) are mixed is as follows:
2 KOH(aq) + SrCl2(aq) → Sr(OH)2(s) + 2 KCl(aq)
In this reaction, the potassium hydroxide and strontium chloride exchange ions, forming strontium hydroxide, which precipitates as a solid, and potassium chloride, which remains in solution.
To know more about aqueous solutions visit :-
https://brainly.com/question/14097392
#SPJ11
when the reaction cl2 (aq) -> cl- clo3- is balanced in aqueous solution, wha tis the coefficient of h2o
The balanced equation for the reaction Cl2 (aq) -> Cl- + ClO3- in aqueous solution is:
3 Cl2 (aq) + 6 H2O (l) -> 5 Cl- (aq) + ClO3- (aq) + 6 H+ (aq)
When a chemical substance is said to be "balanced in aqueous solution," it means that the substance is completely dissolved in water and has undergone a chemical reaction where the number of atoms of each element present in the reactants is equal to the number of atoms of each element present in the products. the coefficient of H2O in the balanced equation is 6. This means that 6 molecules of water are required for every 3 molecules of Cl2 that react to produce 1 molecule of ClO3-.
The coefficients represent the stoichiometric ratios between the reactants and products, which can provide important information about the quantities of substances involved in the reaction.
To know more about reaction visit :-
https://brainly.com/question/14158846
#SPJ11
suposse 14g of solute is dissolved making a 100g solution how much water is needed to make the solution
We need to comprehend the idea of molarity in order to respond to this query. The moles of solute per litre of solution is measured as molarity. In this instance, we are aware that a 100g solution contains 14g of dissolved solute.
Using the solute's molecular weight, which is equal to the mass of one mole of the material, we may convert this to moles. Let's say that the solute in this instance has a molecular weight of 200g. The moles of solute in the solution may then be determined by dividing 14 grammes by 200 grammes, which yields 0.07 moles.
The following equation may then be used to determine how much water is required to create the solution: Molarity is defined as moles of solute per litre of solution. . Therefore, the amount of water required to create the solution is 7 litres when we multiply 0.07 moles by the number of litres of solution. In conclusion, 7 litres of water are required to create a 100g solution containing 14g of solute.
Learn more about solute at:
https://brainly.com/question/30665317
#SPJ1
an ideal gas is compressed isobarically to one-third of its initial volume. the resulting pressure will be
When an ideal gas is isobarically compressed to one-third of its initial volume, the resulting pressure is four times its initial pressure. Here option D is the correct answer.
When an ideal gas is compressed isobarically, the pressure remains constant while the volume changes. As per Boyle's law, the product of pressure and volume is constant at a constant temperature.
Therefore, if the volume of an ideal gas is compressed to one-third of its initial volume, the pressure must increase by a factor of three to maintain the product of pressure and volume constant. This is because the final volume is one-third of the initial volume, so the pressure must be three times larger to keep the product of pressure and volume the same.
Therefore, if the initial pressure is P, the final pressure after compression will be 3P. However, the question asks for the resulting pressure, which is the final pressure after compression. Therefore, the resulting pressure will be three times the initial pressure, i.e., 3P.
To learn more about ideal gas
https://brainly.com/question/31463642
#SPJ4
Complete question:
Which of the following is the resulting pressure when an ideal gas is compressed isobarically to one-third of its initial volume?
A) One-third of its initial pressure
B) Two-thirds of its initial pressure
C) Three times its initial pressure
D) Four times its initial pressure
write the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when h2nnh2 is combined with hcooh
The reaction that occurs when H2NNH2 (hydrazine) is combined with HCOOH (formic acid) is a redox reaction where hydrazine acts as a reducing agent and formic acid acts as an oxidizing agent. The balanced net ionic equation for this reaction is:
H2NNH2 + 2HCOOH → N2 + 2CO2 + 4H2O
This reaction can be broken down into two half-reactions:
Oxidation half-reaction: H2NNH2 → N2 + 4H+ + 4e-
Reduction half-reaction: 2HCOOH + 4H+ + 4e- → 2CO2 + 6H2O
When these two half-reactions are combined, the electrons cancel out, leaving us with the balanced net ionic equation above. It is important to note that this equation only shows the species that are directly involved in the reaction, and does not include spectator ions or any other compounds that may be present in the reaction mixture.
When H₂NNH₂ (hydrazine) is combined with HCOOH (formic acid), a redox reaction occurs. The balanced net ionic equation for this reaction is:
2HCOO⁻ (aq) + N₂H₄ (aq) → 2HCOOH (aq) + N₂ (g)
To know more about ionic equation visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/15467502
#SPJ11
If 1.2mol of methane (CH4) combusts, how much carbon dioxide will be produced? (round to tenth)
CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O
1.2 moles of methane will produce 1.2 mol of carbon dioxide.
To determine the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced when 1.2 mol of methane (CH4) combusts, we need to use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation.
From the balanced equation:
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
We can see that one mole of methane reacts with one mole of oxygen to produce one mole of carbon dioxide and two moles of water. To find the amount of carbon dioxide produced, we will set up a proportion based on the stoichiometric ratio:
1 mol CH4 / 1 mol CO2 = 1.2 mol CH4 / x mol CO2
Cross-multiplying and solving for x, we get:
x = (1 mol CO2 / 1 mol CH4) * 1.2 mol CH4
x = 1.2 mol CO2
Therefore, 1.2 moles of methane will produce 1.2 mol of carbon dioxide.
It is important to note that stoichiometry calculations involve the use of balanced chemical equations to determine the molar ratios between reactants and products. These ratios allow us to calculate the amounts of substances involved in a chemical reaction.
In this case, by applying the stoichiometry concept, we determined that 1.2 mol of methane will produce 1.2 mol of carbon dioxide. This means that for every mole of methane that combusts, an equal amount of carbon dioxide is produced according to the balanced equation.
Know more about methane here:
https://brainly.com/question/25649765
#SPJ8
water has earned the name as the universal solvent due to a unique property of question 29 options: being a small compound having an acidic ph being a polar covalent molecule having a small molecular mass
Water's polar covalent nature, small molecular mass, and neutrality in pH make it a universal solvent that can dissolve many substances. This property is vital for many biological and chemical processes, making water a fundamental component of life on Earth.
Water is commonly known as the "universal solvent" due to its remarkable ability to dissolve a wide range of substances. This property is a result of several unique characteristics of water, including its polar covalent nature and small molecular mass.
Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, arranged in a V-shaped geometry. This arrangement creates a polar molecule, meaning that the electrons are not evenly shared between the atoms. The oxygen atom has a stronger attraction for electrons than the hydrogen atoms, creating a slight negative charge near the oxygen atom and a slight positive charge near the hydrogen atoms. This polarity allows water molecules to interact with other polar and charged molecules, making it an effective solvent.
Furthermore, water's small molecular mass allows it to penetrate and dissolve a wide range of compounds. It can dissolve both polar and nonpolar substances, making it the most versatile solvent known to us. Water molecules surround and separate ions and polar molecules, breaking their attractive forces and allowing them to move freely in the solution.
The pH of water is neutral, which means it is neither acidic nor basic. Although it can act as an acid or base in some chemical reactions, its pH neutrality is not the primary reason for its solvent properties.
To learn more about molecular mass
https://brainly.com/question/31978089
#SPJ4
Which reagent can be used to reduce the alkene in cyclopent-2- enone? O NaBH 4 O LAIH 4 OH 2 and Pd-C O DIBAL-H
The reagent that can be used to reduce the alkene in cyclopent-2-enone depends on the desired outcome of the reaction.
If a mild reduction is desired, sodium borohydride (NaBH4) can be used. If a more powerful reduction is needed, lithium aluminum hydride (LAIH4) can be used. Alternatively, if the reduction is desired to be selective to only one double bond in the molecule, a combination of hydrogen gas (H2) and a catalyst such as palladium on carbon (Pd-C) can be used. If the reduction is desired to form an alcohol, water (H2O) and a strong reducing agent such as diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) can be used.
In summary, the choice of reagent depends on the specific requirements of the reaction and can vary from a mild to a more powerful reduction with the formation of different products. To reduce the alkene in cyclopent-2-enone, you can use the reagent H2 and Pd-C. This combination of hydrogen gas and palladium on carbon is commonly employed to reduce alkenes to their corresponding alkanes in a process known as hydrogenation.
To know more about cyclopent-2-enone visit :-
https://brainly.com/question/27750085
#SPJ11
upon treatment of an ester with lithium aluminum hydride (lialh4 or lah) followed by h3o , as shown below, the product will be...
Treating an ester with [tex]$\text{LiAlH}_4$[/tex] followed by [tex]H_3O^+[/tex] results in the formation of alcohol through the reduction of the carbonyl carbon and replacing the oxygen with a hydrogen atom.
When an ester is treated with lithium aluminum hydride, it undergoes reduction to form an alcohol. This is because [tex]$\text{LiAlH}_4$[/tex] is a strong reducing agent, and it can donate hydride ions (H-) to the carbonyl carbon of the ester, leading to the formation of an alkoxide intermediate. This intermediate then undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of [tex]H_3O^+[/tex] to form the corresponding alcohol.
The reaction mechanism can be summarized as follows:
[tex]$\text{LiAlH}_4$[/tex] + ester → alkoxide intermediate
[tex]H_3O^+[/tex] + alkoxide intermediate → alcohol
For example, if we treat methyl acetate with [tex]$\text{LiAlH}_4$[/tex] followed by [tex]H_3O^+[/tex], we obtain methanol as the product:
[tex]\ce{CH_3COOCH_3 + 4 LiAlH_4 &- > CH_3CH_2OH + LiAl(OCH_3)_3 + 3 LiH + 2 Al}[/tex]
[tex]\ce{CH_3CH_2OH + H_3O+ &- > CH_3OH + H_2O}[/tex]
Overall, the reaction converts the ester functional group (-COO-) to the alcohol functional group (-OH) by reducing the carbonyl carbon and replacing the oxygen with a hydrogen atom.
To learn more about alcohol
https://brainly.com/question/30829120
#SPJ4
what is the partial pressure of hydrogen in a container that contains hydrogen and nitrogen. the total pressure of the container is 101.6 and the pressure of nitrogen is 76.8
If in a container that contains hydrogen and nitrogen. the total pressure of the container is 101.6 and the pressure of nitrogen is 76.8. The partial pressure of hydrogen in the container is 24.8 kPa.
To understand this, we need to understand the concept of partial pressure. The partial pressure of a gas is the pressure that it would exert if it alone occupied the volume of the container. In other words, it is the pressure that a gas contributes to the total pressure in a mixture of gases. In your scenario, we have a container containing hydrogen and nitrogen gases. The total pressure of the container is 101.6 kPa. We also know that the pressure of nitrogen is 76.8 kPa. To find the partial pressure of hydrogen, we need to subtract the pressure of nitrogen from the total pressure of the container.
Partial pressure of hydrogen = Total pressure of container - Pressure of nitrogen
Partial pressure of hydrogen = 101.6 kPa - 76.8 kPa
Partial pressure of hydrogen = 24.8 kPa
Therefore, the partial pressure of hydrogen in the container is 24.8 kPa. This means that if we were to remove all the nitrogen from the container, the pressure exerted by hydrogen alone would be 24.8 kPa. It is important to note that the partial pressure of each gas in a mixture depends on its mole fraction, or the proportion of the gas in the mixture. In this case, we do not have information about the mole fraction of each gas, so we assume that the gases are mixed uniformly throughout the container.
Learn more about partial pressure of a gas here:
https://brainly.com/question/4513924
#SPJ11