Researchers grew populations of identical Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in a growth medium that contained a low concentration of glucose and a high concentration of citrate, a substance that is not typically consumed by E. coli. For thousands of generations, the bacteria used only glucose as an energy source and grew relatively slowly and to a low density because of the low concentration of glucose. After about 30,000 generations, one population emerged that began to rapidly grow to a much higher density. The researchers hypothesized that the bacteria evolved the ability to use citrate as an energy source and referred to them as Cit . To test the hypothesis, the researchers grew separate populations of the Cit bacteria and bacteria from the original population (Cit- ) in a growth medium that contained only citrate. Describe one outcome that would demonstrate that a given population has evolved.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The colony of bacteria is called cit positive, or cit in case these advance with colonization in media with citrate, since if they grow in number and proliferate, it means that they use citrate as a metabolite or food resource for their metabolism.

Explanation:

In case these are negative cit, the profileration would have to be null or see that the colony stagnant its growth, that is to say that they did not increase in number or even decrease their number layers and they did not replicate in media with citrate.

Answer 2

The colony of bacteria is named cit positive, or cit just in case these advance with colonization in media with citrate.

Since if they grow in number and proliferate, it means they use citrate as a metabolite or food resource for metabolism.

In case these are negative cit, the proliferation would have to be null or see that the colony stagnant its growth, that is to say, that they did not increase in number or maybe decrease their number layers and that they didn't replicate in media with citrate.

What about E.coli?

E. coli, a species of bacteria that lives harmlessly in every person’s gut by the billions. A typical E. coli contains about 4,000 genes (we have about 20,000). Feeding on sugar, the microbe grows till it's able to split in two.

It makes two copies of its genome, nearly always managing to supply perfect copies of the first. The single microbe splits in two, and every new E. coli receives one of the identical genomes. These two bacteria are, in other words, clones.

Therefore, E.coli grows in presence of citrate that evolved in the population of 30,000 generations.

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Related Questions

In the Colorado mountains, three species of bumble bees live in the same habitat. Each species has a different proboscis length: short, medium, or long. Each visits nectar-producing plants that match its proboscis length. This situation suggests that natural selection in the three bumble bee species has resulted in

Answers

Answer:

resource partitioning

Explanation:

Resource partitioning can be defined as the division of limited resources that enables species to avoid competition when they live in the same habitat. Moreover, interspecific competition is defined as the competition for limited resources among individuals of different species. In a given environment, species can be competing for essentially the same limiting resources. In the case of the bumblebees, the competence is reflected by differences based on the length of the proboscis (competence for the food), thereby resource partitioning enables species to coexist with one another.

Someone please help ! Will give brainliest !

Answers

tbh I'm pretty sure this is right

Other than shape, what characteristics are used to identify the various bacterial species?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

One major characteristic used to identify bacterial species is by Gram staining. This makes bacteria to be classified into two broad classes; Gram positive bacteria (appear purple after stain) and Gram negative bacteria (appear pink after stain).

Another characteristic used is the presence or absence of capsule.

Other characteristics include there motility (which can be due to the presence of flagella), bonding tendency (which can be individually or in pairs) and also pathogenic bacteria can be classified as intracellular or extracellular bacteria.

An aquarium with a glass lid is an example of an isolated system.

true
false

Answers

Answer:

The answer is false!

Explanation:

I took the K12 science quiz.  I hope this helps! Have a blessed day! :)

The statement "An aquarium with a glass lid is an example of an isolated system" is false as light, air, and heat can transfer through the glass lid.

What is an aquarium?

An aquarium is an artificial place that is made for putting fish and other water animals in houses buildings and other places. Aquariums are made up of glass so can we, so we can see the fish's aquarium also have oxygen pumps the water also changed in the aquarium from time to time and. The aquarium is kind of decorative.

Aquariums are made up of glass, and they are open from the top so that fish can get air.

An aquarium is not an isolated system as light year and heat can transfer through the top and fishes are living organisms that need an open system to breathe and live.

Therefore, the statement is false.

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Suppose you want to investigate what kind of material is best for making a warm winter coat. How could you use a freezer, a thermometer, and samples of materials to find an answer?

Answers

Answer:

By designing an experiment where the temperature on the thermometer is measured after a chosen (same) time interval when the thermometer is wrapped with the different  materials and placed in the freezer

Explanation:

Experimental design

Materials given: freezer, a thermometer, samples of materials

setup:

1. The freezer is put on and made to remain at a particular temperature, mimicking the winter season.

2. Next, different materials for the coat design with equal dimensions are used to rap the thermometer whose initial temperature has been recorded in the same pattern and the thermometer is placed in the freezer and left for a certain time, which is made constant for the different materials.

3. after the time, the final temperature on the thermometer is recorded.

Result interpretation

The temperature is expected to drop after the time in the freezer, but the material with the smaller change (drop) in temperature indicates that it traps more heat hence is the best material for designing a winter coat

independent variables: type of material used

dependent variables: temperature on the thermometer

control variables: time, dimensions of materials, temperature of freezer, pattern of wrapping.

Which are characteristics of eukaryotic organisms? PLZ HELPP

Answers

Answer:

Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells and have a “true” nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and rod-shaped chromosomes. The nucleus houses the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes.

Explanation:

When organisms break the bonds of organic compounds the organisms can

Answers

Answer:

When organisms break the bonds of organic compounds the organisms can gain energy in the form of ATP.

Explanation:

PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Which statement describes competition within a population?

Several killer whales migrate to a new location.
Two male sea horses fight to win over a female.
Several elk travel together to find and share water.
Different kinds of garden plants take in water from the soil.

Answers

Answer:

I think its B if I'm wrong I'm sorry

Two male sea horses fight to win over a female describes the competition within a population. So, the correct option is B.

What is Competition?

Competition is defined as an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource in limited supply that reduces the fitness of both organisms because the presence of one of the organisms always consumes the available resource which reduces the quantity.

Competition is defined as the fight between different organisms by limited resources. Some examples of interspecific competition between lions and leopards that vie for the same prey and interspecific competition between rice fields with weeds growing in the field, two male seahorses fighting to win over a female.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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How do microorganisms contribute to the health and characteristics of soil?
Plz help!

Answers

Answer:

decomposition

Explanation:

microorganisms help decompose, or break down, other organic matter, that is no longer needed. For example, a dead critter on the ground.

Match the terms on the left to the correct definitions *
5 points
Part of a A molecule
chromosome that makes
that is passed
up a
from parent to component of
offspring a ribosome
A biomolecule
that is made
of one or more
amino acids
and that
performs a
specific
function
A nucleotide Guanine,
polymer that cytosine,
uses uracil,
deoxyribose adenine, or
sugar thymine
protein
gene
DNA
RNA
Nitrogen
base

Answers

554Answer:544

gfnknmfdjkfrgfnfewnm f,m dsmnfdl;skgfkldskmlglkmrfvdsf

redewn d dnlsfnmddmffmf,dsfdfExplanation:er44dfdsfdsf

fdnjifljdkfdjkldfkldfkjlfdfdskfdknflkndlkfldnsfn

Plz help I’ll mark brainliest

Answers

Answer:

A.) Frogs, Birds, Trees

Explanation:

A lake is nonliving, so is rain, and its not D

Which is required for the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis to occur?
wo

Answers

Answer: require light energy and water, and the L-IND reactions require ATP, NADPH and CO2.

Explanation:

Which is the largest prefix? Meter- Centi- Milli- Kilo-

Answers

Answer:

kilo is the largest

Explanation:

kilo- is the largest

Water has a variety of unique properties, including a low melting point, ability to dissolve other substances, and strong adhesion and cohesion. Which statement is MOST useful for explaining the unique properties of water? A. Water molecules are nonpolar, so a very minimal electrical force attracts them to one another. B. Water molecules may sometimes gain or lose an oxygen atom to become ions, which are held together by ionic bonds. C. Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are attractive forces stronger than ionic bonds. D. Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are attractive forces weaker than covalent bonds.

Answers

Answer:

D. Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are attractive forces weaker than covalent bonds

Explanation:

Water is a chemical molecule with unique properties such as a low melting point, ability to dissolve other substances, and strong adhesion and cohesion, as stated in this question. This unique properties can be attributed to the HYDROGEN BONDING that holds the molecules of water together.

However, the hydrogen bonding of water molecules is an attractive force that is quite WEAKER than ionic or covalent bonds but it holds water molecules tightly to one another.

What conclusion is best supported by the selection above ? NUMBER 2

Answers

Answer:

Arginine and Lysine play same role in membrane proteins.

Explanation:

The scientist have tested Lysine and Arginine to get information about their properties. The test lead to conclusion that both are amino acids which are high in aqueous values which lead to high electrostatic interaction. These amino acids play important role in membrane proteins.

1. Which of the following gases is need by plants?

Answers

Carbon dioxide because people in other animals exhale carbon dioxide as a waste product. People and other animals need oxygen for plants produce oxygen during an important process called photosynthesis which turns the sun energy into nutrients so carbon dioxide would be the answer.

Answer: Carbon dioxide

Explanation:

To perform photosynthesis, plants need three things: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide enters through tiny holes in a plant's leaves, flowers, branches, stems, and roots. Plants also require water to make their food.

The process of making bread is an example of:
1) Cellular respiration
2) Alcoholic Fermentation
3) Aerobic Fermentation
4) Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answers

I think it’s number 2 but I could be wrong, I know 1,3, and maybe 4 are in living things
Alcoholic fermentation

pls help I will mark as brain something ​

Answers

Answer:

Flora refers to the natural vegetation including plants, fungi, algae in a particular geographical region. Fauna refers to the animals life living in a particular geographical area or region.

HOW MANY TOTAL CALUIM ATOMS ARE IN 3CaCI2 I WILL MARK BRAINEIST

Answers

Answer:

There are three atoms in CaCl2 (calcium chloride) - one calcium atom and two chlorine atoms. It might be argued that there are ions inside the molecule instead of atoms. In that case there is one calcium ion and two chlorine ions.

There are 3 calcium atoms

This explains how one type of rock changes into another type of rock

A - the mineral cycle

B - metamorphism

C - the rock cycle

Answers

the answer would be c

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Which three of these development were major effector european colonization in africa

Answers

Answer:

More advanced medicine

Answer:

improvement in transportation and education systems. disregard for existing political or ethnic boundaries. promotion of free trade across countries.

Explanation:

Scientists use english units of measurement true or false

Answers

Answer:

Falus

Explanation:

ANSWER: True

explanation: scientist use metric units

Which distribution pattern in species can be considered the most easily measurable

Answers

Answer:

local endemics

Explanation:

The most common distribution pattern in species can be considered by their geographical distribution, as different species get distributed as per their climate and the different regions that suit them the most.

What is the significance of the geographical distribution?

It is significant because they differ in different parts of the world and provide suitable climatic and other environmental conditions for various animals, plants, and microorganisms to live and evolve. Its significance can be seen in the difference between the life forms in the temperate area and those in the Antarctic area.

Hence, the most common distribution pattern in species can be considered by their geographical distribution, as different species get distributed as per their climate and the different regions that suit them the most.

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What is a terminal moraine?
C the area where two glaciers merge
a tear-drop shaped hill left behind after a glacier has eroded an area
C deposits of rock and debris along the edges of a glacier's path
the area where a glacier finishes melting

Answers

Answer:

the area where a glacier finishes melting.

Explanation:

I got it correct on a quiz.

Answer:

the first one

Explanation:

Which compound is a hydrocarbon?
A. C2H6
B.CO2
C. C6H12O6
D. H2O

Answers

A. C2H6 I am positive it’s a

Hereditary information is stored inside the?

A. Nucleus,which have ribosomes that contain genes

B. Nucleus, which has DNA that contains water

C. Nucleus,which chromosomes that contain genes

D. Nucleus, which has genes that contain many chromosomes

Please help

Answers

the answer is D Nucleus, which has genes that contain many chromosomes

Hereditary information is stored inside the nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain genes.

What is hereditary?"Transmission of character or traits from parent to offspring is called hereditary." What is a nucleus?It is the center of a cell that controls and regulates all the activities in a cell.What are chromosomes?"Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells."It is a long DNA molecule.What are genes?"A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity."It is present in chromosomes.

Hence, the correct option is C. Nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain genes.

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Describe the net movement of water when a dialysis bag containing a 0.2 M sucrose solution is placed into distilled water, which contains no solutes.

a. There will be no movement of water.
b. Water will move into the bag.
c. Water will move into the beaker.
d. There will be no net movement of water.

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

The correct answer would be that water will move into the bag.

The 0.2 M sucrose solution in the dialysis bad has a lesser water potential when compared to the distilled water that has no solutes. By law, water moves from the region of higher water potential to the region of lower water potential. The dialysis bag will, hence, act as a semi-permeable membrane and allow water into the bad from the surrounding distilled water.

The correct option is b.

The process by which animals use oxygen to convert food to energy is called

Answers

Answer:

Respiration

Explanation:

Respiration is the process by which animals use O2 to get energy from food. So plants take in CO2 from the air and produce O2, and animals take in O2 from the air and produce CO2

PLEASE HELPP!!!!

Describe the water cycle in a brief paragraph. Use terms that you know are associated with the water cycle.

Answers

Answer:

The water cycle or hydrologic is a continuous cycle where water evaporates, travels into the air and becomes part of a cloud, falls down to earth as precipitation, and then evaporates again. ... As clouds move up and over mountains, the water vapor condenses to form precipitation and freezes.

When the speed of the bottle is 2 m/s, the KE is
V 0.5 kg • m/s2
When the speed of the bottle is 3 m/s, the KE is
V1kg m/s2
When the speed of the bottle is 4 m/s, the KE is
V 24 kg . m/s2
When the speed of the bottle is 5 m/s, the KE is
V 3 kg . m/s2
When the speed of the bottle is 6 m/s, the KE is
V 5 kg. m²/s2

Answers

Answer: 0.5. 1. 2. 3. 5

Explanation:

When the speed of the bottle is 2 m/s, the KE is These are the responses to the speed question: 0.5, 1.125, 2, 3.125 and, 4.5

What does speed mean?

Speed is defined as the distance that is allegedly covered in a given amount of time. It is regarded as the speed at which anything is said to move.

In this instance, speed is estimated as 1/2mv2.

As a result, the variables for calculation are:

If the bottle is moving at 2 m/s, then

= ½ (0.250) (2) ^2

= 0.5

If the bottle is moving at 3 m/s,

= ½ (0.250) (3) ^2

=1.125

If the bottle is moving at 4 m/s, then

= ½ (0.250) (4) ^2.

= 2

If the bottle is moving at 5 m/s, then

= ½ (0.250) (5) ^2

= 3.125

= ½ (0.250)(6)^2

=4.5

Therefore, It is regarded as the speed at which anything is said to move.

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